Lecture 7-2 General ideas in air pollution control

1.Painting is (silent ) poetry, and poetry is a (speaking ) picture.2. A (sculpture ) is just a (painting ) cut out and stood up somewhere.3.In music one must think with the (heart ) and feel with the (brain).4.The (mother ) art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own, we have no(soul ) of our own civilization.5.The dance is a (poem ) of which each movement is a (world).6.No (opera ) plot can be sensible, for people do not (sing ) when they are feelingsensible.1. W: Didn't I tell you that before↘?Q: What does the woman imply?(a)2. W: You will finish the work, won't you↘?M: Yes, I will.3. W: Mary says she likes playing tennis．M: But she doesn't play te nnis often, does she↘?Q: What does the man imply about Mary? (b)4. W: She is so lovely.M: Is she↗?Q: What does the man imply? (b)5. W: It's hot today, isn't it↘?Q: What does the woman imply? (a)The following things all support the presence of street art,EXCEPT___________. (a)、Street artists usually work secretly because ___________.(d)Where and when did hip-hop music start? (c)What is rapping? (a)Who is Joseph Kony?(a)From what can we infer that the art therapy had some effect?(d)1.Which of the following statements about Holland is mentioned in thevideo? (c)2.Where did Van Gogh start to learn to paint? (a)3.Which of the following statements about Van Gogh's brother Theo isNOT true?(b)4.Which of the following statements about Arles is NOT true?(d)1.This man with (an orange beard) and (a yellow hat) is called Vincent, Vincent vanGogh.2.It's a small country, much smaller than (England), at the top of (Europe).3.And here is (my mother) Anna, knitting in her chair. Can you see she is (wearingclogs) like lots of people around here4.So I (set out)with my heavy bag (stuffed full of )paints and brushes andcanvases.5.I think Theo got a bit (annoyed with) me and my messy ways. I drop everything on thefloor and I never (clean up).(1)(The king looked at all the pictures).(2)(One picture was of a calm lake).(3)(But these were rocky and bare).(4)(In the bush a mother bird had built her nest).(5)(still be calm in your heart)。

Unit7新视野⼤学英语第⼆册Teaching Plan for Unit 7(In New Horizon College English Book 2)I. Time:10 class hoursII. Contents:Listening and SpeakingSection A: Lighten Your Load and Save Your LifeSection B: Are You a Workaholic?III. Suggested Timetable:1.The first two-class-hour session for listening and speaking (Unit 7 in College English Listening and Speaking Course Book 2 ).2.Next four-class-hour session for Section A3.The fourth two-class-hour session for exercise of Section A4.The fifth two-class-hour session for Section B and Section CIV. Aims and Requirements:Listening and Speaking:1.Train the students’ability to understand the main idea and grasp important details of the listening texts.2. Give the students a chance to exchange views on the texts they have heard to enable them to have a deeper understanding of the texts.Section A : Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life1. Help students understand how to get rid of stress in their life.2. Understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it.3. Grasp some keys words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns.Section B: Are You a Workaholic?1.Reading skill: Finding Out Word Meanings2.Sentence patterns & Language pointsV. Focal Points and Difficult Points:Listening and Speaking:1.Enable students to be familiar with the passage listening skill2.Grasp some words and expressions which often appear in CET-4Section A : Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life1. Organizing the composition according to problem—analysis—solution.2. Key words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns3. The principle of end-weight in the sentenceSection B: Are You a Workaholic?Practice reading skills: Finding out the meaning of an unfamiliar word from clues provided by context.VI. Suggested Teaching Procedure and Methodology:Listening and Speaking: ( an interactive approach is introduced)1. Pre-listening Task:arrange the students in pairs and ask them to discuss the followingquestions:①Which is most important to you in deciding what to by, brand name, quality, or price? Why?②Do you spend much money on fashion?③What kind of cloths do you like to wear?2. Background informationFashion, in most cases, refers to the styles of clothing, hairstyles, etc. that are popular at a particular time. Fashion changes quickly. For example, mimi-skirts were all the fashion in the 1960s. Many people, especially women and the young, like to follow the fashion, which is usually set by famous film stars, pop singers, models. People’s attitude towards fashion differs from one to another. Some people think changing fashion is nothing but a waste of time and money. Others think it can make the world more colorful and beautiful. Well-designed clothes can make one feel good and can reflect one’s personality.3.Listening to text 1 and 24.Speaking Tasks: ask the students to get into pairs and explain to them how to carry outSpeaking Task A- Reflections on the texts, then select a pair to present their views in class.Section A: Lighten Y our and Load Save Your Life1. Background information①Dr. Robert S. Eliot, the author of the book②The University of Nebraska: The university has four campuses. Its main campus is located inLincoln, where colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology, business administration, home economics, journalism, and law are housed. ③Benjamin Franklin, a famous American of the 1700’s best known for experiments withelectricity and nature, using kites.2. Pre-reading ActivitiesListen to short passage twice and answer questions①What causes stress?②What are the NICE factors? Why are they important?③How do we follow Ben Franklin’s example?听⼒原⽂：Stress can kill you. Being tense can damage your heart so it is wise to take charge of your life and realize you cannot control everything. But you can control stress which is caused by fear, uncertainty, doubt and lack of control. Anger may be the root of this stress, especially for hardworking professional women and people with no goals in life. To relax and take control, try the NICE factors: new, interesting, challenging experiences. And follow Ben Franklin’s example by writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life. For the problems over which you have no control, you have to go with the flow. Answers:①What causes stress?Reference key: Fear, uncertainty, doubt and lack of control②What are the NICE factors? Why are they important?Reference key: New, interesting, challenging experiences are NICE factors./ To relax and take control.③How do we follow Ben Franklin’s example?Reference key: Writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life.3.Work on Section AA)Structure of the Text ( a method of analyzing the text structure is employed)Part I (Paras.1-7) The relation between stress and health discovered by Dr. Robert S. Eliot.Part II (Paras. 8-11): The roots of stress.Part III (Paras. 12-20): The ways of lightening the load.B) Raise some questions to make students grasp some detailed information in the text(question and answer method is used)Part I (Paras.1-7):Questions:- According to Dr. Robert S. Eliot, what should you do if you don’t want to break your heart?- For those who are called “hot reactors”, what may be the result of being tense?- What main factors, according to Eliot, cause harmful levels of stress?Answers: -You should learn to take charge of your lives and recognize there are many things beyond your control. (Para. 2) -Being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure. (Para.4)-Fear, uncertainty and doubt, together with the lack of control. (Para.7)Part II (Paras. 8-11): The roots of stress.Question: -What kinds of people does the author mention to illustrate “the root of their stress is anger”?Answer: -One kind is professional women, the other kind is people who have no “compass in life”. . (Para.9)Part III (Paras. 12-20): The ways of lightening the load.Questions: -What new factors does Eliot recommend in order to calm yourselves down?-What does the example of Ben Franklin show?-From Eliot’s viewpoint, how do we face all the problems and difficulties in our dailylivesAnswers:-The NICE factors–new, interesting, challenging experiences. . (Para.13)-The example shows that you can’t fulfill all your great ambitions, so you have to set your priorities. . (Para.15-18)-We can’t complain or escape. We have to learn how to deal with them. . (Paras.19-20) 4. Language PointsPart I (Paras.1-7)①If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, (Para 1)overwhelm v1.cover (sth./sb.) completely or cause to feel a sudden strong feeling使不知所措, (感情上) 使（某⼈）受不了They were overwhelmed by sadness when their baby died.婴⼉死时他们悲痛欲绝。

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解英语是世界上最广泛的第一语言，因此我们从小就开始学习英语，下面是一篇关于学习英语的.英语课文，欢迎大家来学习。

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解篇1Part I Pre-Reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. What is the passage about?2. What's your impression of the English language?3. Can you give one or two examples to illustrate(说明)the messiness of the English language?4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?The following words in the recording may be new to you:eggplantn. 茄子pineapplen. 菠萝hamburgern. 汉堡牛肉饼，汉堡包Part IITextSome languages resist the introduction of new words. Others, like English, seem to welcome them. Robert MacNeil looks at the history of English and comes to the conclusion that its tolerance for change represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISHRobert MacNeilThe story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. The government tries to ban words from English and declares that walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead — but they don't.Walkman is fascinating because it isn't even English. Strictly speaking, it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product. That doesn't bother us, but it does bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly globallanguage.How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet —more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you); possession (mine, yours); the body (eye, nose, mouth); size (tall, short); and necessities (food, water). These words all come from Old English or Anglo-Saxon English, the core of our language. Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us.Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill made thisspeech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitler's armies positioned to cross the English Channel: "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender."Virtually every one of those words came from Old English, except the last — surrender, which came from Norman French. Churchill could have said, "We shall never give in," but it is one of the lovely — and powerful — opportunities of English that a writer can mix, for effect, different words from different backgrounds. Yet there is something direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our language.When Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 B.C., English did not exist. The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh. Where those languages came from is still a mystery, but there is a theory.Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a commonparent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe, Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar's armies found in Britain.New words came with the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons, etc. —that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter.The next big influence on English was Christianity. It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin, including angel, disciple and martyr.Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skirt. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or raise a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England. The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people. With three languages competing, there were sometimes different terms for the same thing. For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but after the Normans, royal and sovereign entered the language as alternatives. The extraordinary thing was that French did not replace English. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language — Middle English —with about 10,000 "borrowed" French words.Around 1476 William Caxton set up a printing press inEngland and started a communications revolution. Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance. Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page, and with them thousands of Latin words like capsule and habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and thermometer. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions, like video, television and cyberspace.As settlers landed in North America and established the United States, English found itself with two sources — American and British. Scholars in Britain worried that the language was out of control, and some wanted to set up an academy to decide which words were proper and which were not. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, "The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself."I like that idea. Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America. The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around their language.Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解篇2 Robert MacNeil罗伯特·麦克尼尔Winston Churchill温斯顿·丘吉尔(1874 — 1965，英国政治家、首相)Hitler希特勒(1889 — 1945，纳粹德国元首)Julius Caesar尤利乌斯·凯撒(100 — 44BC，古罗马将军、政治家)Britain英国India印度Pakistan巴基斯坦Viking(8 — 10世纪时劫掠欧洲西北海岸的)北欧海盗Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚England英格兰William Caxton威廉·卡克斯顿(英国印刷商、翻译家)Otto Jespersen奥托·叶斯柏森(1860 — 1943)全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第7单元课文详解篇31. Read aloud paragraphs 17-19 and learn by heart.2. Read aloud the following poem:LanguagesCarl SandburyThere are no handles upon a languageWhereby men take hold of itAnd mark it with signs for its remembrance.It is a river, this language,Once in a thousand yearsBreaking a new courseChanging its way to the ocean.It is a mountain effluviaMoving to valleysAnd from nation to nationCrossing borders and mixing.3. Read the following quotations. Learn them by heart if you can. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.The English language is the sea which receives tributaries from every region under heaven.—— Ralph Waldo EmersonLanguage ought to be the joint creation of poets and manual workers.—— Georqe OrwellEngland and America are two countries separated by the same language.—— Georqe Bernard Shaw4. Read the following joke and see if you can tell what caused the misunderstanding of the technician's words by the woman. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.An office technician got a call from a user. The user told the technician that her computer was not working. She described the problem and the technician concluded that the computer needed to be brought in and serviced.He told her to "Unplug the power cord and bring it up hereand I will fix it."About fifteen minutes later she showed up at his door with the power cord in her hand.附上：大学英语作文Last summer, intolerable heat, so mom and Dad brought our family went to see the ice sculpture museum.As soon as we walked into the ice sculpture museum, we felt the chill of the inside, and I knew it was only minus six degrees Celsius. We're just like going into a big fridge. Ice sculptures in the ice sculpture hall are lifelike. It stood the ancient "Four Beauties": Sha Shi, Mochizuki Pipa Wang Zhaojun, Diao Chan, Yang dancing, all lovingly pathetic. The side see also the twists and turns of the bridge deck and handrails, sparkling, shining. There are all kinds of ice sculptures at the side of the bridge. It was found that the eaves of a unique Pavilion were flying, the pillars were beautiful, and the chairs were exquisite, so that people could not help sitting down and resting for a while. Cool air around the body around, make people feel comfortable.What impressed me most was the two high ice slide. The ice is as smooth as a mirror, and we "Hula" it slips underneath. My sister and I climbed up and down excitedly, screaming with excitement, even the coat was flying, and the clothes were soaked in.These vivid ice sculptures left a deep impression on me. The ice sculpture museum in the "barbecue day" is really cool and joyful!。

英语学科高中同步讲义选择性必修第二册（2019 人教新课标）Unit 1 Science and ScientistsSection ⅡReading and ThinkingI.英中翻译:1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.4.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.5.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera.6.When asked “can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “why not？....”7.The scientist’s main task is to discover how things work in the universe.8.And doing science makes you a scientist!II.新知突破--重难细点拨1.attend v.照顾；护理；出席；参加[归纳拓展]attend(on) sb.照顾/护理某人attend (to) sb./sth.处理；对付；照料；关怀；专心于attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听讲座/上学attendance n.出席，参加；出席率；出席人数①在我一周停留时间里的最后一天，我们应邀参加在一座美丽的农场上举行的私人音乐会。

自考综合英语二课文全国高等教育自学考试指定教材综合英语二（上下）主编徐克荣外语教学与研究出版社Lesson OneTwelve Things l Wish They Taught at SchoolCarl Sagan俗话说：“活到老，学到老。

”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实自己的过程。

青少年阶段，尤其是中学阶段，无疑是学习的最佳时期。

中学教育的重点应放在什么地方？美国著名科学家和科普作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法，他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育，使他们建立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观，使他们能够正确对待自己，关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己的地球同胞。

1 I attended junior and senior high school, public institutions in New Y ork and New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago. The facilities and the skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time. Since then, I've learned a great deal. One of the most important things I've learned is how much there is to learn, and how much I don't yet know. Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters. In some respects that education was terribly narrow; the only thing I ever heard in school about Napoleon was that the United States made the Louisiana Purchase from him. (On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history. ) In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of math, and other vital subjects, my teachers did a pretty good job. But there's so much else I wish they'd taught us.2 Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified. It seems to me there are many things (often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts) that the schools should teach —things that truly would be useful in later life, useful in making a stronger country and a better world, but useful also in making people happier. Human beings enjoy learning. That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet. Every student should regularly experience the "Aha!" —when something you never understood, or something you never knew was a mystery, becomes clear.3 So here's my list:Pick a difficult thing and learn it well.4 The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest of human joys,and it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects, make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in its broader human context. After you teach yourself one subject, you become much more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. Y ou gradually find you've acquired a key skill. The world is changing so rapidly that you must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. But don't get trapped by the first subject that interests you, or the first thing you find yourself good at. The world is full of wonders, and some of them we don't discover until we're all grown up. Most of them, sadly, we never discover. Don't be afraid to ask "stupid" questions.5 Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the Sun is round, or why we need 55,000 nuclear weapons in the world —are really deep questions. The answers can be a gateway to real insights. It's also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you don't know, and asking questions is the way. To ask "stupid" questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer. And don't confine your learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends. It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect ofridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.Listen carefully.6 Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. When people are talking, don't spend the time thinking about what you're going to say next. Instead, try to understand what they're saying, what experience is behind their remarks, what you can learn from or about them. Older people have grown up in a world very different from yours, one you may not know very well. They, and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important perspectives that can enrich your life.Everybody makes mistakes.7 Everybody's understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction, and learn to correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.Know your planet.8 It's the only one we have. Learn how it works. We're changing the atmosphere, the surface, the waters of the Earth, often for some short-term advantage when the long-term implications are unknown. The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we're going. If we don't understand the issues, we abandon the future. Science and technology.9 Y ou can't know your planet unless you know something about science and technology. School science courses, I remember, concentrated on the unimportant parts of science, leaving the major insights almost untouched. The great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example, Copernicus showed that — far from being the center of the universe, about which the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars revolved in clockwise homage — the Earth is just one of many small worlds. This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure, but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. Every high school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus, Newton, Darwin, Freud, and Einstein. (Einstein's special theory of relativity, far from being obscure and exceptionally difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algebra, and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and downstream. )Don't spend your life watching TV.10 Y ou know what I'm talking about.Culture.11 Gain some exposure to the great works of literature, art and music. If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it. Like all deep experiences, it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort, your life has changed; you've acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your days. In a world as tightly connected as ours is, don't restrict your attention to American or Western culture. Learn how and what people elsewhere think. Learn something of their history, their religion, their viewpoints.Compassion.12 Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily selfish time. But there is a hollowness, a loneliness that comes from living only for yourself. Humans are capable of great mutual compassion, love, and tenderness. These feelings, however, need encouragement to grow.13 Look at the delight a one- or two-year-old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn. Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race. Lesson TwoIcons提起一位获得诺贝尔奖的华人物理学家的名字，今天的青少年恐怕很多人会感到陌生，无话可说，可是谈起当红歌星、球星，他们则是津津乐道。

1、BDACA BDCBA2、DCB CBC CBD3、BDB BBD CAC CAA DDCWild animals used to roam the United States in countless numbers. Today these animal populations have sadly dwindled. Some animals have disappeared (1), destroyed by the advance of (2). The same story can be told in Africa, once covered with big (3) such as elephants, rhinoceros, and antelope. In Central and South America, where animals were once thought safe, they are now (4). In the last three centuries more than 200 species of (5), birds, and reptiles have become (6). Eight hundred more species are endangered. The endangered species include the gorilla, the orangutan, the (7) tortoise, the big cats, and the whales. Our wild animals are being (8) from the land, the birds from the air, the fish from the sea.Remain Gary, a well-known writer said, "It may be that man's greatest ‘achievement' in the20th century (9) an irreplaceable heritage of natural things."Poor planning of man himself is the main cause of the elimination of animals. With each increase in man's population, the wilderness areas where the animals live get smaller. (10). Water pollution kills fish in our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Hunters have almost exterminated many of the larger animals and farmers destroyed smaller animals like the prairie dog. (11).In Scotland, safari park wardens answer their phones to hear the heavy breathing of a chimpanzee. The chimp had pressed the right buttons to (12) preprogrammed numbers on a cell phone he'd snatched from a (13).It doesn't take a (14) scientist to know that animals are smart. But do animals really think? And if so, are their thoughts similar to ours? Scientists have long tried to figure out the (15) workings of human intelligence, but the process of how a thought is (16) produced in the brain still remains a (17). Researchers do know that humans (18) high on the "smart meter" because of our abilities to use complex language and express (19) ideas.Now animal behavior scientists have found clear signs of intelligence in other animals. (20). Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) and chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors, which suggests they're aware of themselves as individuals. So far, only humans, apes and dolphins display this ability.New research shows that prairie dogs use descriptive chirps to inform their colonies about predators and intruders—(21).Not long ago, many scientists ranked humans as the smartest animals and all other creatures inferior. (22)—not unlike humans. We share the planet with thinking animals.(1)altogether (2)civilization (3)game (4)frightened (5)mammals(6)extinct (8)swept3.Today animal populations have sadly (dwindled) all over the world. In the last three centuries more than 200 species of (mammals) , birds, and reptiles have become extinct. Eight hundred more species are endangered. The (endangered species) includethe gorilla, the (orangutan) , the (7)giant tortoise, the trumpeter swan, (the whooping crane) , the big cats, and the whales. Since life began on this planet, countless creatures have come and gone - rendered extinct by natural changes. If extinction is part of the natural order, we can leave it as it is. Unfortunately, we cannot attribute the accelerating decline of our wild animals and plants to "natural" processes. Today's dangers to wildlife most often result from hunting, (habitat) degradation, environmental pollution, the introduction of (pesticides) , and expansion - all generally as a direct result of human activities. What man has done to the animals in the past hundred years will appall anyone who loves this world. It is very true that man's greatest "achievement" in the 20th century (9)is not that he traveled to the moon but that he destroyed forever an (heritage) that nature offered us.With each increase in man’s population, th e wilderness areas where the animals live get smaller. (10)The use of pesticides to control injurious insect also harms wild birds and animals. Water pollution kills fish in our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Hunters have almost exterminated (v.destroy utterly) many of the larger animals like the bighorn sheep (大角羊) and the grizzly bear (灰熊). And farmers destroy smaller animals like the prairie dog (草原犬鼠) and coyote(郊狼/小狼). (11)As a result of this （unrelenting）pressure, our wildlife is disappearing at the rate of one species or subspecies per years.In Scotland, safari-park wardens answer their phones to hear the heavy breathing of Chippy the chimpanzee. The chimp had pressed the right buttons to dial preprogrammed numbers on a cell phone he'd swiped from a keeper.It doesn't take a rocket scientist to know that animals are smart. But do animals really think? And if so, are their thoughts similar to ours? Scientists have long tried to figure out the intricate workings of human intelligence, but the process of how a thought is chemically produced in the brain still remains a mystery. Researchers do know that humans rank high on the "smart meter" because of our abilities to use complex language and express abstract ideas. Now ethologists (animal behavior scientists) look for clear signs of intelligence in other animals, starting with three top categories:* emotions: Chimps react to dramatic TV scenes starring other chimps, which suggests they recognize and express emotions.* self-recognition: Bottlenose dolphins and chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors, which suggests they're aware of themselves as individuals. So far, only primates (humans and apes) and dolphins display this ability.* language: New research shows that prairie dogs use descriptive chirps to inform their colonies about predators and intruders--a human's size, for example, the colors he wears, how fast he's moving, even whether he's carrying a gun.Not long ago, many scientists ranked humans as the smartest animals and all other creatures inferior. Others relied on anthropomorphism, or testing animals purely by human attributes. Today's studies show that animals solve problems, make decisions, and show emotions--not unlike humans. "We share the planet with thinking animals," says Harvard ethologist Marc Hauser.。

Ⅰ.Read the passage and then match the main idea with each paragraph.①Para. 1A．Asimov's awards and famous works.②Para. 2 B．Asimov's talent for writing.③Para. 3 C．Asimov's marriage and family.④Para. 4 D．Asimov's birth and death.⑤Para. 5 E．Asimov's main achievements.⑥Para. 6 F．Asimov's life experiences.答案：①～⑥EDFBACⅡ.Read the passage and choose the best answer.1．What kind of books is Isaac Asimov best known for?A．Mystery stories.B．Science fiction stories.C．Science and history books.D．Books about the Holy Bible.2．How old was Isaac Asimov when he became a biochemistry teacher at Boston University? A．22.B．28.C．29. D．38.3．Which of the following statement is NOT true?A．Asimov died at the age of seventy-two.B．Asimov was once a biochemistry teacher at Boston University School of Medicine. C．He became a full-time writer when he was thirty-eight.D．The Foundation trilogy was an award given to Asimov.4．We can infer from the passage that ________.A．Asimov was a Russian scientistB．Asimov died in RussiaC．Asimov was a person with a talent for writing and ambition for workD．Asimov didn't live a happy life with his second wife5．The writer wrote this passage to ________.A．show us how Asimov became famousB．introduce Asimov, a great American scientist and writer to readersC．tell us Asimov had a talent for writingD．tell us something about Asimov's early life答案：1～5BCDCBⅠ.单词拼写1．He has deep affection (喜爱) for China and doesn't want to leave.2．He took up the receiver ( 听筒) and began to talk.3．To our surprise, my niece has a talent (天赋) for writing poems although she is only four years old.4．This new model of digital (数字的) TV is made in Japan.5．My mother cooked a grand (大的) turkey dinner yesterday.6．She is junior (比……年幼) to me but she looks mature.7．Motorists must obey (服从) the new traffic laws.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．receiver n．收件人；接收机；听筒→receive v t.收到2．obey v t.& v i.服从；顺从→disobey v t.& v i.(反义词)不服从；违抗3．imagination n．想象(力)；创造力→imagine v t.想象；料想；猜想4．theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的→theory n．理论5．assessment n．评价；评定→assess v．评价；评定6．junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n.年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior (反义词) adj.资格较老的；地位较高的n．较年长者7．talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.天才的；有才能的[巧记单词]Ⅲ.补全短语1．feel pity for sb.同情某人2．set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)3．at one time 曾经；一度4．be attached to 喜欢；依恋5．in all 一共；总计6．be bound to do 一定做……7．as a result (of) 作为(……的)结果8．help (sb.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境9．gain/receive a master's degree in chemistry获得化学硕士学位10．take 认真对待某人/某事物1．[教材原句]While some owners were firm with their robot's suggestions, others would turn around and walk out of the shop, feeling embarrassed.有些主人坚信他们的机器人的建议，而另一些主人会尴尬地转身走出商店。