About GCE A levels

Examiner Report Summer 2017Pearson Edexcel GCEIn English Language (9EN04) Unit 4: Crafting LanguageEdexcel and BTEC QualificationsEdexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at or . Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at /contactus.Pearson: helping people progress, everywherePearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your candidates at: /ukSummer 2017Publications Code 9EN0_04_1706_ERAll the material in this publication is copyright© Pearson Education Ltd 2017With this being the first year of 9EN04, it is always exciting when the full two years of a qualification are completed. Overall, candidates appear to have performed extremely well with a number achieving marks which clearly met an A grade level. It was very clear from feedback received from the moderators that the majority of centres had worked extremely hard to prepare their students for all elements of this unit and I would like to thank all centres for their hard work throughout the year. The advice and information given in the body of this report is designed not only to highlight areas of good practice but also to draw attention to those areas in which some centres had not always complied with the specific requirements of the specification. The intention is also to identify the ways in which some topics and approaches did not allow all the criteria to be fully met, thus providing insufficient opportunity for students to demonstrate their abilities to the full. Ultimately, the aim of the report is to help centres to build on their understanding of the requirements of this unit and aid in its delivery over future series.Task setting and assessmentModerators reported that there were many original and successful pieces submitted which clearly demonstrated that centres had taken note of the guidance given in the earlier training programmes. The most successful centres were those which allowed or encouraged students to research their own genres and style models, while the least successful were those which used a ‘one size fits all’ approach, where a common task had been undertaken by all the students whether it suited their talents or not.It was also clear that those centres that had taken note of the key components of the top band mark descriptors had used these to guide their students’ selection of tasks and were most likely to have their marks agreed by the moderator. These key elements included: writing that was assured, accurate and highly effective, meeting the requirements of the audience and employing language that was sophisticated andhighly-engaging.The range of genres and text types submitted by centres was at times very impressive, with candidates choosing tasks such as dramatic monologues, opinion-based journalism, imaginative fiction, travel writing of various hues, speeches on various topics from the everyday to the world-changing and reviews ranging from blockbuster films to student talent shows. What distinguished the really successful pieces was the degree to which the students showed themselves to be fully conversant with the genres they were emulating, the purpose(s) for which they were writing and the precise audiences that were being addressed. Centres can guide their students towards the higher bands by emphasising the importance of choosing tasks which produce convincing examples of texts in realistic genres and which have a viable audience and purpose.One moderator commented on opinion pieces which were just personal essays about issues which held an interest for the student, or, reviews with no real awareness of the structures and conventions of the particular publications in which they might be found. It is important for students to be encouraged to develop an awareness of the specific features of the genres within which they work and early research and preparation is paramount in understanding the construction of different genres. Another area of concern and one that needs to be avoided in future series was the creation of fictitious interviews with real music bands/personalities.The believability of work produced clearly has a close relation to the selection of appropriate style models. In many centres, there was plenty of evidence that candidates took time and effort through independent research in selecting style models, which were chosen from reputable writers and/or publications which showed aspects of language and style which could be emulated. These students used their style models not only to influence their own pieces but also to inform their commentaries. This approachinvariably led to more successful outcomes. There were, however, some other approaches which were less likely to bring success. There were some cases where centres appeared to be advising candidates to mimic the style model chosen, producing almost identical representations of the layout and language with key words and phrases replaced to reflect the topic choice of the candidate, this approach is unlikely to produce results which match the higher-level mark descriptors. The candidates in question had focused too heavily on the graphalogical features of the articles/pieces at the expense of the language. The advice to centres is that style models should be selected from reputable sources both in terms of writers and publications, and contain stylistic features and language which can be emulat ed and adapted for the candidate’s own work. CommentariesModerators found that a large number of students were able to use their commentaries to show their understanding of the writing process, although it was also clear that some were not demonstrating a full appreciation of the requirements of this component.In preparation for 2018 the following “dos and don’ts” should help centres to guide their candidates:DOkeep within the word countgive an overview of both coursework pieces and establish the specific contextual features surrounding both texts, including purpose and audience provide an outline to the relationship between producer and receiver of each text and what effect that this has on the language chosendiscuss specific genre features and link these to purpose and audienceexemplify points made about the above from the style models, as well as your own writinginclude appropriate linguistic terminology and refer to relevant ideas from language study (theories, concepts) if appropriate.DON’Twrite a line by line account of the textmake claims about the writing which cannot be supported by evidenceidentify language/linguistic features without commenting on their relevance to the overall nature of the text.Annotation of Folders and Internal StandardisationIt is important for all members of staff involved with the delivery and assessment of this Unit to meet and standardise their marking and to annotate the folders before their submission to the moderator. Both these aspects are requirements of the Specification, and are demanded by the Ofqual Code of Practice for GCE as well as by Pearson.There were some reports from moderators that in some centres where adjustments of marks were recommended, there was little evidence of internal standardisation having taken place. It is always good practice for centres to have teachers marking trial pieces of work and identifying differences in marking standards. Following this series, online exemplar material will be available to centres and should act as a reference within teacher standardising meetings. Pearson will also be offering face-to-face meetings later in the year to allow teachers from different centres the opportunity to spend time discussing approaches and marking strategies and sharing best practice.Annotation of folders - internal assessors are required to show clearly how marks have been awarded in relation to the marking criteria defined in the specification. These annotations will help the moderator to see as precisely as possible where the teacher considers that the candidates have met the criteria for the mark awarded.Work should be annotated as follows:evidence identified throughout the work by annotation in the margin and links to the relevant AOssummative comments on the work, referencing precise sections in the work.Moderators reported that some centres had devised their own assessment sheets which fulfil the above requirements and also, in many cases, provide evidence of internal standardising. This is very helpful to moderators as it added additional information concerning the genre/audience, word count and purpose of the coursework produced.AdministrationIt was felt by the moderation team that the vast majority of folders arrived punctually, in good order and containing all the necessary components.Future series.The deadline for submission of work and for its arrival with the moderator is 15th May.If the entry is 20 or fewer then all folders should be sent.For larger centres, all the folders requested must be sent together with the highest and lowest candidate (if they do not form part of the requested sample) Candidate Record Forms should be signed by both the student and the supervising teacher.A copy of the marks submitted via the Pearson online system must be sent withthe coursework.Each folder should contain two pieces of the student’s own writing, as well as their associated commentary.The coursework folders must be firmly fixed together, preferably using a treasury tag in the top left-hand corner.Finally, I would like to thank everyone who has made this moderation series so successful; the moderation team, the centres and particularly the teachers who work so hard to provide the support and guidance for their candidates, and obviously the candidates who have produced some original and engaging work.Thank you and good luck for next year.。

I. Important facts to know about the UK.1. Britain does not share land border with any other countries except the Republic of Ireland(爱尔兰).2. The climate of Britain is a mild and temperate one.3. The most important river in the United Kingdom is the Thames River. The largest /longest is the Severn River.4. The famous Speaker’s Corner is an area inside Hyde Park, London, where speakers address the public, especially on Sundays.5. The Houses Parliament are in the City of Westminster.6. The Westminster Abbey is the place where almost all English kings and queens have been crowned.7. The Whitehall is where many British government offices are located.8. Buckingham Palace is the London residence for the King or Queen.9. No.10 Downing Street in London is the official residence of British Prime Minister.10. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is situated on the Thames River near its mouth.11. The West End of London is resided by richer people than the East End.12. The British Museum is the oldest and largest of all the museums and galleries in the UK.13. Wembley Stadium is the site of the FA Cup Final, while Wimbledon is the site of the international Lawn Tennis championship.14. The “tube” in London is the oldest and longest underground railway in the world.15. The British state is made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.16. London Tower, first built as a fortress for the royal family, was later used as a prison for the King’s or Queen’s political enemies.17. Big Ben is a famous clock in London.18. There is no longer serious “smog” in London nowadays.19. The UK is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.20. In Britain only less than 2% of the population are farmers but they manage about 70% of the land area.21. It was the Anglo-Saxons who brought the English language into England.22. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from the West Indies, India and Pakistan.23. The “upper class”, living off the ownership of land or capital are fairly constant at around 2%.24. A skilled worker, however much he /she earns, is one of the working /lower class.25. People who do unskilled office-work are also likely to be described as lower (middle) class.26. John Bull is the nickname of Britain.27. The UK has experienced relative economic decline since World War II.28. Margret Thatcher is the first and only female Prime Minister in British history.29. The average household size in the UK is becoming smaller and smaller.30. The Teddy Boys was the first cult that emerged in the UK in the 1950s among the working class youth.31. The Hippies were from the middle class families in late 1960s.32. Punks appeared in the 1970s.33. The rave culture was popular among the middle and working class in the 1990s.34. The youngest age that a person can get married in Britain is 16.35. At the age of 18, people can get legally married without parental consent in the UK.36. Most British couples have their wedding ceremony in the church with the bride dressed in a long white dress.37. Most second marriages only involve a civil ceremony.38. Only about 5% of old people in the UK live in institutions such as old people’s hom es or hospitals.39. The “Eleven-plus” is an examination taken at about the age of eleven, to decide which type of secondary schools a British child will attend. This is also called “streaming” (Children are put into different groups according to their ability in many British schools).40. Comprehensive schools, where in 1999 85% of pupils go, do not select and stream children.41. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to state /comprehensive schools.42. In the United Kingdom, kids are entitled to receiving compulsory education from the age of 5 to 16.43. The full name of CTC is city technology college.44. Grammar schools in modern Britain emphasize academic studies and offer more subjects than any other secondary schools.45. Public schools are the foundation-layers of the English education.46. Public schools in the UK are mostly private and charge high tuitions.47. GCSE, the General Certificate of Secondary Education, is the main examination that all students should take at the age of 16.48. GCE A level, the General Certificate of Education Advanced level, is an examination for “sixth form” students who want to go to universities.49. Of all the English universities Oxford University and Cambridge University are the most well-known.50. The service /tertiary industry employs about three-fourths of the working population in the UK.51. Visiting bars is the most commonly pursued outdoor leisure activity for Britons.52. The top-level football matches in the UK are played at Premier League.53. Cricket is among the most typical English sports, which has been in existence since the 16th century.54. The Boy Scout Association and the Girl Guides Association are the largest voluntary organisations in the UK to promote the personal development and social education of young people.55. All employees in the UK have the right to a minimum of 4 weeks annual paid leave.56. You can often get a cheaper ticket you place an order in advance or for a particular day of the week.57. In the UK you can visit many theme parks near the seaside or in the rural areas as well as many country parks and National Parks.58. Most people who come to visit the UK are from Western Europe.59. English Heritage is a government funded agency to protect and manage about 400 historical buildings and archaeological sites in Britain. The Biodiversity Action Plan aims at further conservation of plants and wildlife while the Local Heritage Initiative protects local sites and traditions.60. Good Friday falls on the Friday before the week of Easter.61. Easter is traditionally associated with the Resurrection of Christ, the eating of Easter eggs andthe coming of spring.62. May Day Holiday is not necessarily May 1st in the UK.63. Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on Boxing Day, which is the day after Christmas.64. By far the majority of crimes committed in Britain involve violence against property.65. Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police Force, which is nicknamed “Bobby”.66. A barrister has to be called to the Bar before going through the year of pupilage.67. The church in England was under the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages.68. In Northern Ireland, the dominant group is made up by Roman Catholics.69. The person who says “Not believing in God is a belief in itself” and “I was not, I have been, I am not, I don’t mind” may be an atheist.70. In the United Kingdom, free medical care for everyone and financial help for the old, the sick and the unemployed, which have been available since 1948, are the foundation of the welfare state.71. Full employment was a policy adopted by the Labour Party.72. The Beveridge Report of 1942 contributed to the transformation of the UK into a high welfare state.73. India was regarded as “the jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire.74. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Queen. He sits in the House of Commons. He receives more than ￡80,000 a year.75. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the House of Commons.76. Britain’s foreign trade nowadays is mainly dealt with EU countries.77. The main agricultural products in Britain are wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar-beets and oats.78. The Liberal Party, the third largest party of the United Kingdom, developed from the Whig Party in 1839.79. The UK is the first country to establish the Parliament; the first country to undergo the Industrial revolution; with the most important language in the world.80. The government in the UK is not a presidential democracy.81. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy which began in the 9th century.82. The House of Commons is chaired by Speaker, while the House of Lords is headed by Lord Chancellor.82. The house of Lords is the highest court in the UK.83. The local government in Britain can be divided into three layers: county councils, district councils, and community /parish councils at the lowest level.84. The UK is divided into 659constituencies with each of them represented by a member in the parliament.85. A councillor represents a ward of about 1200 people at county level.86. The Tories were later called the Conservative Party while the Whigs later became the Liberal Democrats.87. BBC, British Broadcasting Corporation, was set up in 1926 and was a public service. Its External Service broadcasts in 43 languages and its World Service enjoys a weekly audience of 150 million in 2000.88. BBC TV began broadcasting in 1936, and it’s the world’s first public TV service.89. TV channels have to politically impartial and neutral by law, except Channel 4.90. Newspapers in the UK are privately owned, whose owners aim to make money and to be influential.91. Newspapers make money mainly through the cover price and advertising.92. There are two types of Newspapers: the quality papers (“broadsheets”) and the popular papers (“tabloids”).93. A broadsheet is a serious newspaper with long informative articles. A tabloid is a less serious, popular newspaper containing less news and more human interest stories.94. Britain has one of the world’s oldest established newspaper industries. The Observer, which appeared in 1791, is the world’s oldest national Sunday newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is Britain’s oldest national daily newspaper.95. More people read popular papers instead of quality papers. The working class are more likely to read popular papers while the upper class tend to read quality papers.96. The United Kingdom became a member of the European Economic Community in 1973. It has been a member of the European Union since 1973.97. The North Sea oil and gas have made Britain largely self-sufficient in these vital fuels.98. Britain is the second largest country at attracting inward investment and the largest outward investor in 1999.99. All cars drive on the left in the UK.II. Definition1. the square mile – the City of London situated on the north bank of the River Thames between Tower Bridge and London Bridge2. sixth form –two more years of full-time study for students who take part in the examination of the General Certificate of Education, A level so as to be accepted by universities3. sixth form colleges –also called tertiary colleges, which provide education for 16-18 year olds with a wider range of vocational courses in addition to the A level GCE courses, leading to a General National Vocational Qualification (GNVQ)4. Oxbridge –the name used particularly to refer to the top two universities in Britain: Cambridge and Oxford5. Open University – a distance learning government-supported university in the UK, which is open to all people without formal requirements on academic qualifications6. Channel Tunnel – also called Eurotunnel or Chunnel, the railroad tunnel between France and England under the English Channel7. package holiday –a holiday plan with an “all in” price which includes the transportation to the holiday destination, the accommodation throughout the holiday, and the transfer from the airport or ferry to the accommodation8. CID –short for Criminal Investigation Department, referring to the plainclothes police who investigate serious crime9. absolute poverty –People, who lack income for the minimum of food, clothing and shelter necessary for merely physical health, are absolutely poor.10. relative poverty –Despite adequate income for survival, people who do not have what is regarded as minimum necessary for decency and who cannot escape judgement that they are indecent can be labeled as relatively poor.11. welfare state – a state with a government which assumes responsibility for the well-being of its citizens throughout life, through a range of interventions in the market economy12. mixed economy – an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned businesses operating under certain regulations and laws13. limited liability - the liability of a firm’s owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm (Each shareholder has limited liability for any debts of the company and can only lose the amount he/she has invested.)14. frontbencher – an MP chosen by the Prime Minister to be one of the ministers /secretaries of state /political heads of government departments /the cabinet members15. cabinet –the most important executive branch made up of heads of government departments, which determines government policy16. backbencher – a Member of Parliament (MP) or a legislator who does not hold governmental office and is not a Front Bench spokesperson in the Opposition.17. shadow cabinet –a group of senior members of the second largest party in the Commons, responsible for criticsing government ministers and formulating opposition policies18. civil servants –non-political government employees who serve the elected political government19. devolution - the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a state to government at subnational level, such as a regional, local, or state level20. the Commonwealth –a voluntary, free association of 50 independent sovereign statesIII. Short answer questions1. The tripartite system in British education – secondary modern schools, technical schools, and grammar schools. (P. 56)2. The four types of union in the UK –General Unions; Craft Unions; Industrial Unions; White Collar Unions3. Sports which were invented in the UK –cricket, table tennis, baseball, golf, snooker, water polo, hockey, boxing, archery, rugby4. The two roles of the British police in society – peace-keeper and law-enforcer5. The three basic principles of English law – the rule of law, natural law and natural justice6. The two important characteristics of the court system in Britain – the open court and the jury system7. The problems facing the British legal system –out-dated traditions; elitist system; uneducated jurors; a jury easily swayed by a persuasive barrister; potential racial discrimination8. The three main areas of welfare provision in Britain – health, housing and social security9. The three branches of the Central Government in Britain – the legislature, the executive and the judiciary10. The main functions of the Parliament in the UK – debates important national and regional issues; amends and approves or rejects legislation; acts as watchdog over government (committees, question times, etc.)11. Three main parties in the UK –the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats12. The pressure groups in Britain – Shelter, Trade Unions, the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), The British Medical Association (BMA)13. Means of political participation – join a political party; join a pressure group; be elected anMP; be elected a local councillor; write to a newspaper; speak on radio or television14. Controls on TV advertising in the UK – No ads on BBC channels; no political ads; no tobacco ads; no ads during broadcasts to schools or broadcasts of religious services; ads of no more than 7 minutes an hour; ads distinct and separate from programmes15. The popular newspapers in Britain –Sun, Mirror, Express, Mail, Star, News of the World, Sunday Mirror, Sunday Express, Mail on Sunday, Sunday People, News on Sunday16. Three circles of international relations for the UK – in Europe, in the Commonwealth, with the USAIV. Essay Questions3. Why do you think people participate in different sports apart from physical fitness? (P. 107, Section B, Task 3)4. Name three of the most important causes of crime in Britain, and then look at the three most important causes of crime in China. Make a comparison and comment on the differences and/or similarities. (P. 134; P. 136; P. 140, Section B, Task 2)5. Analyse both the advantages and the disadvantages of the jury system. (P. 155-6; P. 159)6. Analyse and comment on the potential or possible advantages and/or disadvantages of the welfare state. (P. 184; P. 192-3, Section C, Task 1 & 2)7. Analyse and comment on the benefits and costs of nationalisation and/or privatisation. (P. 206-7; P. 211, Section C, Task 1)。

亲爱的朋友，很高兴能在此相遇！欢迎您阅读文档英语自主学习答案，这篇文档是由我们精心收集整理的新文档。

相信您通过阅读这篇文档，一定会有所收获。

假若亲能将此文档收藏或者转发，将是我们莫大的荣幸，更是我们继续前行的动力。

英语自主学习答案篇一：大学英语自主学习系统level1-4答案,大二大学英语自主学习系统level04答案Unit11.gceafdhb2.(1)1(2)1(3)2(4)13.(1)It’sgoodtomeetyou(2)Nicetomeetyou(3)we’vemet(4)Hi4.无解，随便选一个就66分，再选其它选项只减不加5.Part1TTFFTPart2FNTNN6.212137.(1)there;Who;guy;telling(2)going;wish;want(3)handsome;talk;introduce;like(4)met;think(5)Where;December;party(6)Sam;him;brokeup;really9.(1)ages(3)pleasure;hesitating(5)revelant(6)opportunity11.(2)structure(3)define(5)AbsolutelyUnit21.(1)honest;sincere;dependable(2)outgoing;friendly;shy(3)easygoing;mature;kindhearted(4)assertive;cheerful;critical2.dad;brother;bossBoyfriend;coworker；roommate3.②④;①③;②③①②;②③;②④4.②①①①①①5.(1)theneatest;overtheweekend;helike;handsome(2)anicecar;Notespecially;workoutalot;anicesmile(3)likeabouthim;morethanthat;sensitive(4)Howcanyoutell;reallyromanticmovie;thisreallysadp art(5)hejustcried;trytohideit;sweet;youlikethat7.(1)hang(2)easygoing(3)encounter(4)energetic9.(1)thoughtful(2)generous(3)brothers;sisters(4)younger(5)cheerfulperson;aggressiveUnit31.(1)housing;apartment;roommate;sharing(2)studio;available;furniture;rent;reasonable(3)check;deposit;moveout;refund2.①②①②3.①②②①5.⑴theInternationalSpaceStation;canyouhearme⑵livingon;notsodifferentfrom;entertainment;modernc onveniences⑶movietheaters;restaurants⑷Howaboutfood;goshopping;anytypeof⑸Isfoodexpensive;importedfrom;banana;mostfood⑹get tingawayto;missnature;uphere;ridinginthehills⑺getaround;electriccars⑻Whatdoyoulikemost;nopollution;anidealworld⑼least ;toflyhome;toseemyparents7.⑴accommodation⑵Preference⑶Balcony⑷schedule9.⑴brightest⑵storage⑶luxuryUnit41.⑴hookupto;download⑵upload;send⑶snap;send⑷keeptrackof;store⑸logon;burn2.③②②③3.①①②①4.②③5.FTFFFTNNNTFFNTFF6.①②①①③①③7.⑴heck;magazine⑵read;alittle⑶How;Thailand;aThaifriendandhisfamily;goback⑷What ;practiced;ordering;sonice⑸theLandoftheSmiles;madeamistakespeakingthelanguage⑹impossible;notfor;totallydifferent;writingsystem⑺learningFrench;studyanother;getintoit9.⑴cures⑶imbalance;astonishing⑸normal11.⑴thrilled⑶microphones⑷crystal⑸backandforthUnit51.⑴regret;locals⑵gesture;pointed⑶abroad;advice⑷foreigner;stared⑸open;healthy2.American;Mexico3.③③4.①②②③5.选natualbeauty;poverty;animals6.①①①①②②②③7.⑴SouthAfrica⑵⑶;;its;people⑷two;months⑸8.⑴whattheydo;Calmdown;Whatisitthistime⑵sosickof;wrappingeachpastry;tapingthebagsshut;fol dingitdown⑶Howlong;inanapkin;walkingtoclass;rudetoeat⑷sotir edof;aretooinflexible;yourwayofdoingthings;moreindividu alfreedom⑸relax;Gowiththeflow;wasteofmytime;howtobemoreefficient⑹talkingabout;clerks;ignore;betterthisway⑺Ikindoflikeit;arebeingwrapped;thecareandatt ention ;wonderfulplacetolive10.⑴birthplace⑵isfamousfor⑷plantations⑸inluck12.⑵amazing⑷jealous⑸pristine篇二：英语自主学习答案一单元深阅1centerlivinginshanghaijustmeanshighlivingexpensesandstresschengduwasrankedastheno.2happiestcityin2008thelist’stop20“happiestcities”thisyearit’slowerpaceoflife深阅2AunitedNation’sreportsayshowmuchChina’sglobalwarm ingtargetwillcostChina’senergyneedshavealreadybeenrisi ngChinawillputforwordanapplicableplantocutdowncarboni ntensityby40%to45%before2020InformExtraordinary快一hydropowerresourcescoalcleanercoaltechnologiessubstantialinvestmentwouldberequiredinthetransmissi onnetwork.thesehavenotyetbeenforthcomingbad快二theuestinthemiddleeastandjanpanesenuclearcrisisaffe ctthewordoilmarketsbecausewearelivinginasamewordDisastrousBPwillgainahugeresourcethroughtwodealsTheunclearcrisiseventsinjapanrevealeditsinsecurityItcosts$7.2billionstoexchangethe30percentstakesinna turalgasblocksinthedeepwateroffthecoastofindia二单元深一Morethan1.5millionpeoplewerekilledDisasterThedamageinChileislimitedEnglandChileansweresearchingforpeoplealive深二Themostpowerfulearthquakerecordinhumanhistoryhappen edinHawaiiandJapanAfterthequakesChilepuleddowntheolderb uildingsthatwerenotsolidenoughInsomeareashelicoptermust beusedtorescuethepeopleThedoctorscoulddonothingtopreventthepeopleformdying becausethehospitalandroadsweredamagedMorethan200prisonersdidn’ttrytoescape快一TherewasnorealdamagetostructuresanywhereSeveralhund redpeopleTorunupahighplaceEarthquakeCoolingsystemfailed andresultedinaradiationleak快二12millionTheTangshanearthquakeThepoliceandotheragenciescanuseitinemergencies900studentweretrappedbythecollapsedbuildingThailandandVietam三单元深一Studentscanadjusttheirstudytimeaccordingtotheirowns chedule.PositiveOnlinearticlescanhelpyoukeepabreastofchangesinyouri ndustry,thoughyoudon’tbelievewhateveryoureadonline.bewell-informedaboutchangesThepositionofgreatestimportanceoradvancement深二Studentsdon’thavetopaythestudentloanuntilhe/shecan earnamaximumamount.AlltheaboveNocredithistoryStudentloanspla yanimportantroleinstudents’pursuitf orhighereducation,althoughitisnoteasytogettheloan.Wasted.快一startingstudyearly,andreviewingwhatyouhavelearnedItcanmotivateusduringtheprocessoflearning.BothAandC.2.Itdoesn’tmatterifthereisalonggapbetweentheactivity andthereward.快二3～6months.thestrengthofyourjobsearchcampaigntakeaclassorcreateaself-studyprogramtolearnwhatyouneedtolearn15～25secondsRemainprofessionalandmakesureyouaredressedappropria tely.四单元深一Canadaanon-profitorganization1858theaboriginalpeopleBritishColumbiagovernmentisfundingforculturalandeco -sustainabletourismtoattractvisitorsfromallpartsoftheworld深二prominentbroadbandInIpswich,fiberandwirelessbroadbandtechnologyarethe competitiveindustries.Technologylibraryandbroadband 快一toembracenewandrefreshingperspectivesofstewardship theBellaroccamottoBellaroccamakespositivecontributionstotheconservati onofbiodiversity,wilderness,natural,culturalandhumanheritageSincerecoldverbenatowels快二BritainlastOctoberIt’salwayssatisfyingwhentheGovernment’sTourismPol icyispublishedinawordexperimentbuildingQuiz1深一Male,affluentandwell-educatedpeople.preferringtobealoneandnotwillingtocommunicatewithot herpeopleApproving.Lessthan70%.Whenthereisanationalsecurityemergency.深二Theactiveeyewear.sendingorreceivingafax20xxWillSeeaBlizzardofTelevisionInnovationsthisvideoconferencingsystemmakespeoplefeelliketheya remeetingfacetofacewiththeotherpartbutit’snotcheapTopTVmakersfeatured3DscreenadvancesinLasVegas快一tohangorstayintheairabovethegroundChina.AtraditionalSauditentatthecentreoftheRooftopOasisThevitalpetroleumenergythatSaudiArabiaprovidestothe world.traditionalSaudidancesandotherperformancesontheFolk loreStage快二Football/soccer.WitharmsstretchingouttothesideBecau setherewillbeapsychologicalboostconnectedwithmaleaggres sionanddisplayfromwearingred.Playerswhoscoredinapreviousmatcharelikeliertoscorei ntheirnextgame.drinkingalcoholicbeverageswon’thelppost -matchrecovery深三Themerlion.InSingapore.Fencing.Merlyisespeciallypas sionateaboutenvironmentalprotecting.2007.五单元深一notveryhighviciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylawtoindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobeingbloodthirstythat,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimpr oveourselvesFive.深二therefereesofthefootballtournamentAgeshouldnotbethechiefconsiderationinchoosingafootb allreferee.analyzethecausesoferrorsmadebyfootballrefereeserrorsaremorelikelywhenarefereekeepsclosetotheballquiteunexpected快一1Uruguay.2JulesRimet.3About100,0004193054.快二1notsure2sound3essence4Ping-Pong5Intheearlytwenties.六单元深一buyaGoodReaderIthasnostandardUSBportforconnectingaflashdrive.iPadcantransferdocumentswirelesslyItisn’taseasyasonaregularcomputer.HewantstotellhowtohandleMicrosoftOfficefilesandPDFs withiPad.深二Financialmanagement.inAmerica,familymembersusuallyhavebusyschedulesMs.McCormick’sfatherhashisownbusinessTheyturnedtoafamily-managementsystem.Stuff.awell-organizedpsychologicalprocess快一Noneofthem.memorydoesn’tdependonREMsleepItisanindisputablefactthataprolongedlackofsleepcanp roducementalillness.isstillunsolved快二Theamountofstarchinfoodhasimplicationsfordiabetes.food’stasteandtextureTocaterpeople’sdifferentpreferencesforfoods.isdrivenbyacomplicatedinteractionisanimportantsubstanceindeterminingtheappealofvario ustexturesoffood七单元深一waterisreallyinvaluabletoourhumanbeingsmanyriversandcreekshavebeenexcessivelypollutedbyvar iouscontaminantshavedevelopednewmethodstomeasurewatercontaminants Themostfrequentlydetectedcontaminantsareusuallyinlo wconcentrations.todeterminelatentchemicaldangersinthewater深二Thesoundofrockconcertwhenyougototheconcert.howmuchitaffectspeoplepsychologicallywewanttostaybothpsychologicallyandphysicallyhealthyQuietness.nois ecan’tstayintheenvironmentallthetime快一steadyBecausethereisabundantfoodtreetrunksGianttrees.thereisa“hole”inthecanopyaftersomeoldertreesdie快二Birds.2malaria3trans-boundaryairpollution4slurryfromlivestock5Don’tuseitaga in.八单元深一strivedtopreachandbuildasystemofvalueswhichdiffered fromthatofotherthinkerswhatConfuciussaidanddidcompliedw iththerulesnottotreatothersinawaythey(thestudents)wouldnotdoth emselveshewasdeterminedtodevotehimselftothecauseofmoralityConfuciuswassofamousthatmanyprinceswouldliketoaccep thisadvice.深二waterbearssomevirtueswhichTaodoesshouldbealwaysreadytohelpotherstoachievesuccess篇三：英语自主学习答案每小题：分)IlistenedtoDr.Smith'slectureaboutthehistoryofBritain,butIfailedtounderstanditskey____________.A.wordsB.pointsC.notesD.message―Whomwouldyouliketohave__________thepictureshere―Onlythosewhohaveapprovalcanhavepictures__________ here.A.taken;takenB.totake;takenC.taken;takeD.take;takenWe__________theshopsandthepostofficeassoonaswemoved intothetown.英语自主学习答案全文结束。

GCE PE – Moderation VisitsMany centres expressed their concerns about submitting the coursework on cd e-portfolio. Edexcel has re-introduced the option to have a moderation visit for tasks 2.1 (Personal Performance) and 4.3 (Progressive Participation). Moderation will be undertaken through centre ‘cluster’ visits. The visiting moderator will sample candidates performance roles to ensure that the awarding of marks are in line with the requirements of the board.For GCE PE AS level - Task 2.2 (Local Study) and task 2.3 (National Study) must be submitted in written format (either in hardcopy or e-portfolio) and these will be moderated during the moderation visit.For GCE PE A2 level - Task 4.1 (Development Plan) must be submitted in written format (either in hardcopy or e-portfolio) and this will be moderated during the moderation visit. All other tasks will be moderated via postal moderation.Centres will be able to submit candidates written coursework (for tasks 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4) either in hard copy or as an e-portfolio.Preparation for the Moderation visit•Centres will be contacted by a visiting moderator in January of the examination series year to arrange a centre visit. The visit must take place between February and May of the examination year. Centres will be requested to join a cluster moderation ORsubmit evidence for all tasks within a unit in written format, (hard copy or e-portfolio).Centres who do not wish to join a cluster moderation will still be able to submitcandidates work to a moderator, either in hard copy or in an e-portfolio.•Centres, who are taking part in a cluster moderation, must complete a Pre-Moderation form and forward it to the moderator at least 10 days prior to the centre visit. This will include pre-moderation marks for 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1 and 4.3. (The form will be produced shortly and will be available on the GCE PE2008 PE subject page and the PEcommunities page).•The moderator will communicate with the centres and determine which candidates will be assessed on the moderation day. The moderator will also liaise with the centres to determine which activities and performance roles will be seen on the moderation day. •The host centre must ensure that the moderator has access to a computer so he/she can moderate any work that may be submitted via e-portfolio for tasks 2.2, 2.3 and 4.1. Day of the moderation visit• 2 moderators will visit each cluster centre and they will moderate the Personal Performance and Progressive Participation tasks (2.1 and 4.3), Local Study task (2.2), National Study task (2.3) and Development Plan task (4.1).•Centres must then use these standards to assess the remaining candidates at a time convenient to the centre, after the moderation visit, but before the courseworksubmission deadline.•Candidates who have selected the role of performer – Each candidate must produce a log to show their eight week participation and a minimum of three formalcompetitive/performance opportunities. The log must focus on the individualsdevelopment in the following areas:Short term preparation; long-term training; physiological; increasing strength;technical; tactical; psychological; dominant performances; pressure of expectation. •Candidates who have selected the role of leader – Each candidate must produce a log to show their eight week participation and a minimum of three formalcompetitive/performance opportunities. The log must focus on the individualsdevelopment in the following areas:applied knowledge and understanding; proficiency in communicating; organisational abilities; motivational skills; health and safety.•Candidates who have selected the role of official – Each candidate must produce a log to show their eight week participation including evidence of officiating in at least three organised situations or in a single tournament appropriate to their level of ability. The log must focus on the individuals development in the following areas:Extensive knowledge and understanding; authority; communication; positioning;signalling; pre-and post- officiating protocols; performance demands; health andsafety issues.•All logs must be available for the moderator to view on the day of moderation.Candidates must also be available to discuss with the moderator theirlog/development/achievement, if required.•Candidates must produce a health and safety risk assessment for both the environment and the sport or physical activity selected by the student in their chosen roles. This will include evidence of their knowledge and understanding of child protection issues. •The moderator will also moderate 2.2 (Local Study), 2.3 (National Study) and 4.1 (Development Plan)– the work MUST be submitted in written format (either as hard copy or e-portfolio). Candidates must be available to discuss the work if required. •No marks will be confirmed during the moderation visitAfter the moderation visit•The moderator will send a Centre Report Form* which will inform the centre of the accuracy of the application and assessment criteria. Centres must counter sign this and return to the moderator. (The Centre Report Form will be produced shortly) •Centres must assess the remaining candidates for 2.1 and 4.3. The marks must be recorded on the CRAF** form. Centres must forward a copy to the visiting Moderator bya specified date. (The CRAF forms will be updated)•Centres must award a mark to all candidates for task 2.2 (Local study), 2.3 (National Study) and 4.1 (Development Plan) according to the assessment criteria. Marks must be submitted on the CRAF** forms and sent to the moderator by the specified date. •Centres must send off the required sample for the remaining tasks (2.4, 4.2, 4.4) to their allocated moderator by the published date, accompanied with the relevant CRAF form. (The CRAF forms will be updated).Candidates marks must also be submitted on the relevant OPTEMS form or via EDI by the coursework deadline. A copy must also be sent to the appropriate moderator.* Centre Report Form will be created and will be placed on the website and sent out in an email update as soon as they are available**CRAF forms will be updated and will be placed on the website and sent out in an email update as soon as they are available.Activities offered outside the moderation windowVideo evidence must be available for individual sports and activities which take place ‘off-site’. It is the responsibility of the centre to ensure that candidates are assessed in accordance with the criteria and video evidence must be available to support this.。

Education System in the United Kingdom英美概况1班The United Kingdom is a country with a long tradition of national education. After hundreds of years of evolution, British education system is quite complete and complex. Nowadays, the British education system is run by the state, which provides funding and tries to insure that all British children receive a quality education.Generally speaking, the British education system could be briefly divided into four stages: primary, secondary, further and higher education. Primary and secondary education is compulsory for all children between the age 5 and 16. Primary school is usually from age 5 to 11, and secondary school is between age 11 and 16. Further education is voluntary and includes all education provided after the ends of fulltime schooling. Some students go to university to take higher education after the age of 18. The following part of this paper is the detail of education system in the United Kingdom.1. Primary educationEducation is free for all children from 5 to 16 in Britain. Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16 across the country. This can be provided by state schools, independent schools, or home schooling.The curriculum offered in primary school including reading, writing, arithmetic, history, science, arts and the legally required courses in religion. And there are examinations to check on the development of each child. Primary school education attaches to students’ questioning, cultivating, and independent thinking, it puts the equality between teachers and students on the important position, also it cultivates students’ own opinions.There are many opportunities for students to contact with the nature or play with sand and water. In order to give young children a sustained contact with on teacher, usually one teacher is responsible for organizing the whole day’s lessons and has to teach all the subjects.2. Secondary schoolAll the children must receive secondary education after finishing their primary education at the age of eleven. Students in Britain could choose comprehensive school, grammar school or independent school. Comprehensive school and grammar school are state funded school, while independent schools are fee-paying private school.2.1 Comprehensive schoolAbout 90 percent of British pupils attend comprehensive schools. A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. Students can study everything from academic subjects like literature and sciences, to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.2.2 Grammar schoolPupils who show academic potential are selected through an examination called “the 11-plus”to study in grammar school. Grammar school is very highly selective schools. For example, in some parts of England, as few as 2% of 11-year olds may attend grammar schools. They concentrate their study on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive school.2.3 Public schoolThere are also a group of older, more expensive and exclusive fee-paying private independent schools in the United Kingdom named public school. The term "public" is derived from the fact that these schools are open to pupils regardless of where they live or their religion. Eton College is one of the most famous public schools in the United Kingdom. Almost all the pupils of Eton College go on to study A levels, and a quarter of its students will go to Oxford and Cambridge.The main examination that all students should take in secondary school is the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). GCSE is taken at the end of compulsory education at the age of 16. All the students are required to take it. And the results often help the students and their parents to make a choice whether they will go to college or not. Many students who fail to get a C in English and Mathematics will retake their GCSEs in those subjects at a later date, in order to take further education (A-levels) at a sixth form college.3. Further educationFurther education in the United Kingdom is an education at a higher level than secondary school, usually provided in distinct institutions such as universities. It is usually a means to attain an intermediate qualification necessary to attend university, or begin a specific career path.About 70 percent of 16 year old students choose to continue in full-time education. Some students continue in the same school for a further two years of study in the “six form”. After two years study, three or four subjects are taken in the examination of the General Certificate ofEducation-Advanced level (GCE A level). This is the main examination required for university entrance.Unlike China, there is no national entrance examination of any sort in Britain. In the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are than made in the term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). Students can apply to a maximum of six universities or institutions, and universities enroll students according to their applications.4. Higher educationHigher education has a long history in Britain. And there are about 130 schools all across the country. British universities enjoy almost complete autonomy from national or local government in their administration and the determination of their curricula, despite the fact that the schools receive nearly all of their funding from the state. Universities can mainly be divided into four groups: the old universities, redbrick university, the new universities and the open universities.4.1 Old universities:The old universities refer to those founded before 1600. Oxford and Cambridge are the two oldest and most famous universities in Britain, dating from 1249 and 1284. Until the 19th century, they are the only 2 universities in England.4.2 Redbrick universityRedbrick university is an informal term used to refer to six civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England. The University of Liverpool is considered to be the original "redbrick" institution, because its main building is built from a distinctive red pressed brick. This kind of university includes the University of Birmingham, University of Manchester, University of Sheffield, University of Leeds, and so on. The distinctive feature of these universities is that they concentrate on “real-world” skills, often linked to engineering.4.3 New universitiesThe new university, also named plate glass university, refer to those universities founded since the World War two. These institutions are more often called post-1992 universities and sometimes modern universities. They have their own independent and modern approaches to teaching.4.4 The Open UniversityA bold and imaginative step in adult education is the creation of the Open University whichwas founded in 1969. The university is notable for having an open entry policy, and many of its courses can be studied off-campus anywhere. It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Open University courses are following through TV, videos, correspondence and a net work of study centers. After study at the Open University, qualified students are awarded a university degree.SummaryBritish government pays much attention on the design and development of their education system. The system is famous all around the word and plays an important role in the development of the country. What’s more, the British education system aims to educate the whole person, so that each child develops his or her personality as well as gaining academic knowledge. To complete our Chinese education system, much can be learned from the United Kingdom.WYCReferences：/wiki/Grammar_school#Contemporary_British_grammar_schools/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)/wiki/Eton_College#Overview/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education/wiki/Comprehensive_School#United_Kingdom/wiki/Further_education/wiki/Red_Brick_university。

Turn over P43321A©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1/1/C2*P43321A0132*Instructions•Use black ink or ball-point pen.•Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,centre number and candidate number.•Answer all questions.•Answer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.Information•The total mark for this paper is 80.•The marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.•Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of yourwritten communication will be assessed– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, aswell as the clarity of expression, on these questions.•The list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this booklet.•Candidates may use a scientific calculator.Advice•Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.•Keep an eye on the time.•Try to answer every question.•Check your answers if you have time at the end.2*P43321A0232*BLANK PAGE3*P43321A0332*Turn over4*P43321A0432*5*P43321A0532*Turn over6*P43321A0632*7*P43321A0732*Turn over8*P43321A0832*9*P43321A0932*Turn over10*P43321A01032*Explain the meaning of the terms hard, stiff and high tensile strength.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................*(b) It is important that a piano wire has a high elastic limit.Explain why this is important.(3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(total for Question 12 = 6 marks)The strip of paper is shown below. The start and the end of the journey are indicated.Using measurements from the tape show that the final velocity of the trolley is.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(ii) Hence calculate the average acceleration of the trolley.(2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Average acceleration = ..................................................................(b) Using a ticker tape timer is one method of measuring the speed of a moving object ina laboratory. Another method is to use a light gate with a data logger and computer.Suggest an advantage of using the light gate method rather than using a ticker tapetimer.(1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(total for Question 13 = 5 marks)14 The picture shows a track for racing toy electric cars. A guide pin fits in a groove in thetrack to keep the car on the track. A small electric motor in the car is controlled, with ahand-controller, via contacts in the track.A child places a car of mass 95 g on the track. She adjusts the controller to a power of4.2 W so the car accelerates from rest for 0.40 s.(a) (i) Show that the energy transferred by the motor in 0.40 s is about 2 J.(2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(ii) Calculate the speed of the car at 0.40 s.(2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Speed = ........................................................(iii) Suggest why the actual speed of the car is less than the calculated speed.(1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) At high speed the guide pin may become disengaged from the groove.Use Newton’s first law to explain why the car would then leave the track at a corner.(2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(total for Question 14 = 7 marks)(b) (i) Use Stoke’s law to show that the SI unit of viscosity is Pa s.(2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(ii) A small sphere is dropped into a large volume of ethanol at 24 °C.Show that, if the drag were due to viscous forces alone, the terminal velocitywould be about 4 ms–1.Assume that upthrust is negligible.radius of sphere = 5.0 × 10−4 mroom temperature = 24 °Cmass of sphere = 4.0 × 10−6 kg(3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................*(c) Diesel is used as the fuel in some vehicles. Diesel is not renewable, so alternatives are being researched. Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oil; biodiesel on its own is not suitable for use in vehicles.The table gives some information about diesel, biodiesel and ethanol.Viscosity / mPa sat 0 °c Viscosity / mPa sat 40 °cEnergy /MJ kg–1Freezingpoint / °cDiesel 4.9 2.643 –30Biodiesel17.3 4.639 –12Ethanol 1.80.927–114Blends of biodiesel with ethanol are being researched as a renewable alternative todiesel fuels for use in vehicles all year round.Using the information in the table, suggest why these blends are being researched.(3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(total for Question 15 = 10 marks)BLANK PAGE16 The photograph shows an athlete performing a long jump.At take-off his horizontal speed is 8.0 m s–1 and his vertical speed is 2.8 m s–1.(a) Show that the total time the athlete spends in the air is about 0.6 s.Assume that his centre of gravity is at the same height at take-off and landing.(3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) Calculate the horizontal distance jumped by the athlete.(2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Horizontal distance = ..................................................................21*P43321A02132*Turn over(c) In reality, when the athlete lands his centre of gravity is 50 cm lower than its position at take-off. Calculate the extra horizontal distance this enables the athlete to jump.(4)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Extra horizontal distance = ..................................................................(total for Question 16 = 9 marks)22*P43321A02232*17 Pile drivers have been used for centuries to push piles into the ground for use as foundations of buildings and other structures. A large mass (the driver) is raised and then dropped onto an object (the pile) which is pushed into the ground.The picture shows the pile driver that was used to build a London bridge in the 17th century.(a) (i) The driver on the pile driver above had a mass of 810 kg and could be dropped a maximum distance of 6.0 m onto the pile.Show that the energy transferred from the driver is about 50 kJ.(2)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (ii) In one instance, 40% of this energy is used usefully to drive in the pile. The pile moves 0.20 m into the ground.Determine the average resistive force acting on the pile as it moves through the ground.(3)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Average resistive force = .................................................................driverpile23*P43321A02332*Turn over24*P43321A02432*25*P43321A02532*Turn over *(iii) T he graph shows how the compression of the wooden cushion varies with force, as the force is applied and removed during an impact.Use the graph to explain the following: 1. the wooden cushion has to be replaced after a few hundred impacts,(2)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2. with each impact the temperature of the wooden cushion rises slightly.(1).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (total for Question 17 = 13 marks)ForceCompressionForce appliedForce removed。