高三英语课件：语法-名词性从句

I don’t care about whether you
have money or not. Everything depends on whether
we have enough money.
I wonder whether he will come or not.
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
在名词性从句中一律用陈述句 的语序，即使从句表达的是疑 问含义。
The problem is what he has done to the little boy.
问题是他对那个小男孩做了些 什么。
1. 主语从句 在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that， whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连 接副词how,when,where, why等 词引导。
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
3)用whether或if引导的宾语句
whether和if均可引导动词后的 宾语从句，常可互换。但从句 中有or not时或介词后的宾语从 句中只能用whether连接。其它 名词性从句，如：主语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句只用 whether.
It is a pity that… it’s a shame that… It’s no wonder that… It is suggested that… It’s requested that… It’s proposed that…, It’s desired that…
注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊 奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等 语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句 谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓 语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓 语动词可以用各种时态；
I know that he studies English every day.
I know that he studied English last term.
I have no idea when she will be back.
The news that we won the game is exciting.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定 语从句，充当句子成分，在从 句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词 的作用，没有实际意义，不充 当句子成分，一般不能省略。
I had no idea that you were here.
(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？ (that引导定语从句，作宾语， 可以省略）
5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时， 其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式， 常把否定词not从从句中转移到主 句中成为否定的转移。
We don’t believe that he will win the game.
that在从句中无词义，只起连接 作用；连接代词和连接副词在 句中既保留自己的疑问含义、 又起连接作用，在从句中充当 成分。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown.
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示 抽象概念 的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等，用来说明名 词所表示的具体内容，
引导同位语从句的连接词通常 有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词 who，what，whose，which通 常不引导同位语从句。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、 命令、建议、决定等意义的动 词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。
I know (that) he will study English next year.
We all know that he has studied English since 1998.
如果主句中的谓语动词用了一 般过去时，则从句中的语动只 能用过去时的某种形式，如一 般过去时，过去进行时，过去 将来时等；
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
3. 表语从句 在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导 主语从句的关联词大致一样， 表语从句位于连系动词后，有 时用as if, because 引导。其基本 结构为：
主语 + 系动词 + that从句
需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不 是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
4. 同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词 的具体内容。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.
2)用who，whom, which, whose,
what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等 关联词引导的宾语从句相当于 特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序 要用陈述语序。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
That’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.
I don’t think he will do so.
6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补 足语，则必须用it作形式宾语， 而将宾语从句后置，并且that 不能省略。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用 whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用 于否定结构或疑问结构时，后 面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时， 后接 that 引导的名词性从句； 用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
That he stole a bike was true.
单个的主语从句作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。如果是两 个或两个以上的主语从句作主 语，谓语动词则用复数形式。
Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常 用it 代替主语从句作形式主语 放于句首，而把主语从句置于 句末。主句的谓语动词一般用 单数形式。常用句型如下：
We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.
I don’t doubt that he will win the game.
连接代词whoever，whatever， whichever可引导名词性从句， 相当于anyone who, anything that 等。它们也可以引导让步状语 从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗 示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持 认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中 应该用陈述语气。
在复合句中起名词作用的从 句叫做名词性从句。
主语从句 表语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句
同位语从句
引导名词性从句的关联词
连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever