译林版牛津初中英语总复习(第8课时)八年级上Units78
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第8课时[八年级上册] Units 7—8
词汇点睛
●1 safe adj. 安全的;安然无恙的;可靠的;谨慎的
[点拨] safe 用作形容词,其反义词为dangerous, 意为“危险的”。
It is not safe to drive like that; you must slow down. 那样开车是不安全的,你必须减速。[拓展] safe 用作名词,意为“保险箱”;safely 为副词,意为“安全地,平安地”,其反义词为dangerously, 意为“危险地”;safety为名词,意为“安全”,其反义词为danger, 意为“危险”。
All valuables should be kept in the safe.
所有贵重物品都应存放在保险箱里。
The pilot landed the plane safely.
这位飞行员使飞机安全降落。
We're keeping you here for your own safety.
我们让你待在这里是为了你自身的安全。
● 2 mind n. 头脑,想法v. 介意;在乎
[拓展] (1)mind用作名词时,其常用搭配:
body and mind身心
make up one's mind to do sth 下定决心去做某事
(2)mind 用作动词时,其常用搭配:
mind doing sth 介意做某事
mind sb/one's doing sth 介意某人做某事
Never mind. 不介意,没关系。
(3)“Would/Do you mind+n./pron./v.ing?”意为“您介意……吗?”。此句型的答语要针对mind 进行回答。表示“介意,在乎”时,用“Yes”,后跟句子表示“不让对方做某事”;表示“不介意,不在乎”时,用“No”,后跟句子表示“允许对方做某事”。
—Do you mind my closing the window?
你介意我关上窗户吗?
—Yes, you'd better not.
是的(介意), 你最好别关。
—No, certainly not. 当然不介意(你可以关上)。
巧辨异同
●1 a bit和a little
(1)a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级,可以互换,表示“一点儿”。
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.
那位演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚些。
(2)a bit和a little在否定句中的意思恰恰相反,not a bit相当于not at all(一点儿也不);not a little相当于very (much)或extremely(很,非常)。
She is not a bit tired. =She is not tired at all.
她一点儿也不累。
(3)a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,而a bit要在后面加of构成短语a bit of 后才能作定语修饰名词,两者都只能修饰不可数名词。
There is a bit of /a little food left for lunch.
午饭只能吃剩下的一点儿食品了。
● 2 sleepy, asleep, sleeping和sleep
(1)sleepy 为形容词,意为“困倦的,想睡的;安静的,冷清的”,在句中作定语和表语。
I feel very sleepy now.
我现在昏昏欲睡。
That's a sleepy village.
那是个寂静的村庄。
(2)asleep 为形容词,意为“睡着的”,强调状态,在句中仅作表语。
He was too tired and fell asleep at once.
他太累了,立刻就睡着了。
(3)sleeping 为形容词,意为“睡着的;供睡觉用的”,在句中作定语。
This is a sleeping bag for children.
这是一个婴儿睡袋。
The sleeping baby looks very lovely.
那个睡着的婴儿看上去很可爱。
(4)sleep 可用作动词和名词,意为“睡觉”,其过去式和过去分词均为slept。
You need to have a good sleep.
你需要好好睡一觉。
Last night I slept very well. 昨晚我睡得很好。
●3 aloud, loud和loudly
(1)aloud 为副词,意为“出声地,大声地”,强调发出的声音能被听见,常与 read, call 等动词连用。Please read the text aloud.
请大声朗读一下课文。
(2)loud 用作副词,意为“响亮地;高声地”,侧重发出的声音音量大、传得远,一般多用来修饰 speak, talk, laugh 等动词。 loud 还可用作形容词。
Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you.
请说得大声些,否则没人能听见。
(3)loudly 为副词,意为“响亮地”,其基本意义与 loud 相同,常与 ring, knock 等动词连用。 loudly 放在动词前后均可,含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。
Suddenly, the bell on the wall rang loudly.
突然,墙上的铃大声地响起来。
Don't talk so loudly.
不要如此高谈阔论。
句型透视
● 1 How’s the weather in Nanjing?
南京的天气怎么样?
[点拨] 句型“How's the weather…?”意为“……的天气怎么样?”,相当于“What's the weather like…?”
—How's the weather, today?
—It's cloudy and windy.
“今天天气如何?”“多云而且多风。”
●2 The sudden heavy rain causes a lot of problems. 突如其来的大雨会引发许多问题。
[点拨] cause 用作动词,意为“引起;使发生”,后接名词、代词或双宾语。其常用搭配:cause sb to do sth导致某人做某事
What caused his death? 他的死因是什么?
I’m afraid I am causing you much trouble.
我担心我给你添了很多麻烦。
You’ve caused a lot of trouble to all of us.
你已经给我们大家惹了许多麻烦。
[拓展] cause 还可用作名词,意为“原因,起因”,为可数名词,后面常接of。
What was the cause of the fire?
这起火灾的起因是什么?
● 3 …but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. ……但我告诉自己要镇定下来,因为我仍然活着。
[点拨] (1)calm down 意为“冷静下来”,为“动词+副词”结构的短语,可单独使用,也可加宾语。宾语是名词时,可放在两词中间或down后面;宾语是代词时,只能放在两词中间。
Calm down!We'll find her.
镇定点儿!我们会找到她的。
It was difficult to calm down the football fans.
要使那些足球迷们平静下来是困难的。
He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
他深吸了几口气来让自己平静下来。
(2)since在本句中意为“既然;由于”,引出既成事实。
Since you like the flower so much, why don't you buy it?
既然你这么喜欢这枝花,为什么不把它买下来呢?
Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空