译林牛津版江苏专用版高考新增分大一轮复习渐进写作全辑StepOne整齐有致的并列句讲义英语
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第4讲润色添彩的定语从句定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力,在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。
一、写作中定语从句的常见类型1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。
(1)I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。
(2017·天津)(2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which will make the class go smoothly.毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史,这会使得课程进展顺利。
(2017·全国Ⅰ)(3)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。
(2016·全国Ⅱ) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。
(1)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
(2)To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture,we took them to the tea room in our school,where I introduced the history of tea-making and different kinds of tea.为了更好地让他们了解我们的饮茶文化,我们带领他们去了学校的茶室,在那里我向他们介绍了制茶的历史及茶的种类。
解题指导图表类作文一般是在图、表中给出一定的内容和情景,要求考生根据图表信息,准确、客观地反映图表内容,并加以分析,进而得出结论,旨在考查学生从图表中获取信息并转化成文字信息的能力。
需注意以下几点:1.细心研读图表。
认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向,抓住其主要特点,根据图表所显示的中心信息确定主题、内容层次以及主题句。
2.确定主题段落。
分析重组信息,根据信息的不同性质确定具体段落,列出各段的主题句。
对所给信息的表述要采用不同的表达方法,即使用不同的词汇、短语、句式等。
3.深化阐述主题。
末段通常用于深化主题,对全文进行总结,发表个人观点。
结论一定要客观,不可妄加评判。
实战演练(一)Since 2014,the goal of building a “nation of readers” has been included in the annual Report on the Work of the Government.Just ahead of World Book Day,the Chinese Academy of Press and Publication has issued its findings in a survey of Chinese reading habits.Chinese people read on average about eight books in the year 2015,a slight increase compared with that in the previous years.However,things are quite different among teenagers.Below is a chart which shows the number of books read by Chinese under age 17 in the years of 2014and 2015respectively(分别地).写作内容1.用约30个单词概述上述文字及图表的主要内容;2.结合上述信息,用约120个单词简要分析可能导致青少年图书阅读量下降的原因;3.结合自身实际,就如何提高青少年的图书阅读量提几点建议。
第6讲言简意赅的非谓语动词在写作中,如果出现太多的简单句,会让人觉得单调乏味,水平不高;而如果出现太多的复合句会让人觉得读起来费劲。
所以适当地使用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换,不但显得句式丰富,而且提升了文章的档次。
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句运用非谓语动词转换简单句可采用“三步法”。
第一步:写出两个简单句。
(1)I felt quite sorry for that.(2)I began to think about what to do to help.第二步:根据两个简单句的意思找出两个句子的对接点,让一个简单句作为主句,另一个简单句用非谓语动词进行改写。
让句(2)作为主句,用非谓语动词改写句(1)。
第三步:根据主句主语和动词之间的关系来确定用何种非谓语动词。
主句的主语是I,与动词felt之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。
Feeling quite sorry for that,I began to think about what to do to help.即时训练1用非谓语动词转换简单句二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句相对于用非谓语动词转换简单句,转换复合句要简单一些,只需要两步。
因为需要转换的一般是从句部分,只需根据主句的主语和从句动词的关系判断用何种非谓语动词,再确定好时态和语态就可以了。
第一步:写出复合句Since you have realized that your time is limited,you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.第二步:把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词,you与realize之间为主谓关系,且表示完成,故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
Having realized that your time is limited,you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.即时训练2用非谓语动词转换复合句三、非谓语动词的常用句型1.remain to be done有待于被……It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not.这个计划是否对学生们有好处,还需要拭目以待。
解题指导提纲类作文是高考试题中最为常见的书面表达命题方式之一,通常会以中文、英文、中文+英文、文字+表格、文字+图片等不同的形式给出要点,并要求考生根据所列要点组织语言,将所列要点完整、清晰地表达出来。
需要注意以下几点:1.仔细研读题目。
确定所写文章的主题、人称、时态及写作内容等。
2.分析整合要点。
对所给要点进行分析并重新整合,适当进行细节扩展。
重新整合信息是为了根据要点间的逻辑关系和相似性等将信息分为若干部分。
3.确定文章体裁。
根据题目要求及要点的特征来进一步确定文章的体裁,根据要点的逻辑关系来确定文章的整体框架和具体段落,并根据重新整合的信息来确定每个段落的具体内容。
4.斟酌具体表达。
根据要点的关键词来确定所用的具体词汇及搭配。
根据要点的内容及确立的文体特点来选择使用何种句型。
根据文体信息选择合适的句型、适时地交叉使用不同的句型。
实战演练(一)目前,越来越多的家长花巨资送孩子出国学习,某英文报社就这一问题做了调查,并开辟了专栏讨论。
请你根据所给的提示,以“On Teenagers Studying Overseas”为题用英语写一篇短文。
1.目前,很多家长都送孩子出国学习,且呈低龄化,但部分教育工作者和家长都不赞成这种做法。
2.38%的人赞成这种做法:(1)这样孩子可以接受良好的教育;(2)学好外语将来发展的机会更多等。
62%的人不赞成这种做法:(1)花钱太多,是在国内花费的10倍;(2)孩子太小,在陌生的环境中容易学坏等。
3.你的看法。
(启示:政府应该建立各类学校以适应人们的需求等。
)注意:1.文章的题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数;2.可根据内容适当发挥;3.词数150左右。
参考词汇:教育工作者educationistsOn Teenagers Studying OverseasNowadays more and more people are sending their children overseas for further study,参考范文On Teenagers Studying OverseasNowadays more and more people are sending their children overseas for furth er study,even at middle school age.38% of the people investigated agree to this.They think their children can receive better education and learn a foreign language as well.And they have more golden opportunities to develop themselves.What is the most valuable is to learn to depend on themselves and to broaden their horizons and improve their understanding of the worlD.However,over 62% of the people,especially some educationists and parents,are not in favor of this,for they think studying abroad costs over ten times as much money as in ChinA.Besides,children are too young to take care of themselves.Many parents worry about the safety of their children.What’s more,they might follow bad examples.In my opinion,measures should be taken by the government to set up various schools and colleges to meet the needs of the people.(二)学生会做了一个关于中学生睡眠、饮食和休闲等生活习惯的调查,发现学生有不良习惯。
第4讲润色添彩的定语从句定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力,在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。
一、写作中定语从句的常见类型1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。
(1)I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。
(2017·天津)(2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which will make the class go smoothly.毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史,这会使得课程进展顺利。
(2017·全国Ⅰ)(3)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。
(2016·全国Ⅱ) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。
(1)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
(2)To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture,we took them to the tea room in our school,where I introduced the history of tea-making and different kinds of tea.为了更好地让他们了解我们的饮茶文化,我们带领他们去了学校的茶室,在那里我向他们介绍了制茶的历史及茶的种类。
第3讲条理分明的状语从句在复合句中作状语的句子称为状语从句。
状语从句由从属连词引导,可以放在句首或句末,放在句首时,从句后边一般用逗号与主句隔开;放在句末时,从句前通常不用逗号。
一、常见状语从句的类型及连接词(1)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我展示了关于那个主题的一些照片。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)(2)John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(3)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.我们做得如此好,所以被邀请去和全校学生交流想法和经验。
(2016·北京)(4)The social media companies should either monitor their websites better so thatchildren do not sign up too early,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.社交媒体公司要么更好地监控他们的网站,这样孩子们就不会过早地注册,要么调整自己的网站以适应年轻用户的需求。
(2018·江苏)即时训练1用状语从句完成句子1.如果你对中国的民间艺术感兴趣,请给我发邮件。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)If you’re interested in the Chinese folk art,please e-mail me.2.我对这份工作特别感兴趣,因为我想进一步提高我的英语口语能力。
第4讲润色添彩的定语从句定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力,在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。
一、写作中定语从句的常见类型1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。
(1)I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。
(2017·天津)(2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which will make the class go smoothly.毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史,这会使得课程进展顺利。
(2017·全国Ⅰ)(3)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。
(2016·全国Ⅱ) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。
(1)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
(2)To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture,we took them to the tea room in our school,where I introduced the history of tea-making and different kinds of tea.为了更好地让他们了解我们的饮茶文化,我们带领他们去了学校的茶室,在那里我向他们介绍了制茶的历史及茶的种类。
在复合句中作状语的句子称为状语从句。
状语从句由从属连词引导,可以放在句首或句末,放在句首时,从句后边一般用逗号与主句隔开;放在句末时,从句前通常不用逗号。
一、常见状语从句的类型及连接词(1)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我展示了关于那个主题的一些照片。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)(2)John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new joB.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(3)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.我们做得如此好,所以被邀请去和全校学生交流想法和经验。
(2016·北京)(4)The social media companies should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.社交媒体公司要么更好地监控他们的网站,这样孩子们就不会过早地注册,要么调整自己的网站以适应年轻用户的需求。
(2018·江苏)即时训练1用状语从句完成句子1.如果你对中国的民间艺术感兴趣,请给我发邮件。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)If you’re interested in the Chinese folk art,please e—mail me.2.我对这份工作特别感兴趣,因为我想进一步提高我的英语口语能力。
第12讲读写类作文解题指导1.审题,明确题目要求。
通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。
其中主体人称,就是要确定以第几人称进行写作。
2.阅读,抓住内容要点。
阅读短文,找出文章的内容要点。
(1)议论文:找出论点、论据和结论。
其关键是找出主题句或结论句。
若文中有一分为二的观点,两种观点都要概括,不要漏掉其中一方的观点。
(2)记叙文:找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),结果怎么样(how)等五要素。
其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。
若是夹叙夹议类的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。
(3)说明文和新闻报道:通常会有中心句(多在首段),写作时要注意要找出中心句,抓住关键词。
对现象分析型说明文,要找出“现象”“造成这种现象的原因”“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。
(4)发言稿:通常会很明确地表明观点或态度,写概要时要从发言者的言语中明确作者的态度,把握作者的写作目的。
或先概括每段大意,进而归纳全文主旨。
3.概括,转述作者的观点。
在找出文章的内容要点后,就要用自己的话转述原文内容要点。
要注意在用词或句式上做到同义替换,避免抄袭之嫌。
4.过渡,引出自己的观点。
写了摘要后,用句过渡的话,再引出自己的观点(赞成或反对)或引出类似的故事。
5.例证,论证自己的观点。
议论文——在提出自己的观点后,就用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。
记叙文——编写与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事(亲身经历或虚构)。
6.结论,注意前后呼应。
7.润色,使其锦上添花。
一查人称是否符合要求;二查语法方面的问题,包括用词、时态等方面的错误等,确保“语言规范”;三查逻辑关系,看前后观点是否一致;四查是否使用一些较为高级的句型,如非谓语动词结构、with复合结构、定语从句、倒装句型等。
实战演练(一)(2018·江苏)请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
第 5 讲目不暇接的名词性从句名词性从句是写作中常用的高级表达。
它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连结词1. 附属连词指引的名词性从句名词性从句的附属连词在从句中只起连结作用,不作句子成分,主要包含that,if/whether。
(1)I hope that you’ll have a good time in China.我希望你在中国玩得快乐。
(2017 ·北京)(2)It depends on whether we have enough time.这取决于我们能否有足够的时间。
2.连结代词指引的名词性从句名词性从句的连结代词在从句中起连结作用,并在从句中充任主语、表语、宾语、定语,主要包含 who, whom, whose, what, which , whatever , whoever , whichever 。
(1)We debated over what we should put into the video.对于视频中应当放什么,我们进行了争辩。
(2017 ·北京)(2) What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for our school.你在会上的发言为我们学校描述了一个光明的将来。
3.连结副词指引的名词性从句名词性从句的连结副词在从句中起连结作用,并在从句中充任状语,主要包含how, when,why, where, however , whenever , wherever 。
(1)That ’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.那就是我以为沿着长江旅游会是更好的选择的原由。
(2017 ·北京)(2)She is pretty attractive, and I wonder how she has kept her figure after all these years.她太迷人了,我想知道她这些年是怎样保持体形的。
第8讲彰显水平的强调句、倒装句和There be句型特殊句式是英语中的高级表达,其中,强调和倒装句型是最为常见的特殊句式,它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平,提高写作档次。
另外,there be句型在写作中也是一种常见的高级表达。
一、重点突出的强调句型强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果,突出要强调的重点,更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。
其基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。
(1)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.不仅是你们的热情,而且是你们的团队合作和良好的精神给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(2016·天津) (2)It was by reading it a third time that Tom got a thorough understanding of the passage.汤姆读了三遍才彻底理解这篇短文。
1.强调句型的写法在写作时,可以使用强调句型来提升句子的层次,写作时可采用“四步法”。
第一步:写出一个句子I picked up an old bag on the playground last Sunday.第二步:找出要强调的句子成分假如要强调地点状语on the playground。
第三步:确定强调句型的时态是is还是was原句用了一般过去时,所以此处的强调句型也用一般过去时,即it was...第四步:套用强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他。
It was on the playground that I picked up an old bag last Sunday.2.强调句型的其他形式(1)Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他?Was it on that farm that his father spent his childhood?是在那个农场里他的父亲度过了童年吗?(2)特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他?What was it that made the girl so sad that day?是什么使那个女孩那天那么难过?(3)It is/was not until...that...It was not until he failed the exam that he realized that he was wrong.直到他考试不及格,他才意识到自己错了。
由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。
并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。
一、常见的并列连词(1)A seminar leader shared her success story—she had not only lost 125pounds,but also raised $ 25,000 for homeless children.一位培训会领导者分享了她的成功故事——她不仅减掉了125磅的体重,而且为无家可归的儿童募集了25000美元。
(2017·天津)(2)Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out perfect.一些妥协是不可避免的,但是这个视频结果是完美的。
(2017·北京)(3)T ake the chance,or else you will regret it.抓住这次机会,否则你会后悔的。
(4)I’d better take an umbrella,for it is going to rain.我最好带把伞,因为天快要下雨了。
(5)“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains.“我们喜欢墨西哥油条,所以我就从当地的墨西哥外卖餐馆用手机点了外卖,”她解释说。
(2018·全国Ⅰ)(6)I have no money to spend,while you have nothing to spend money on.我没钱可花,而你却有钱无处花。
即时训练1用适当的并列连词填空1.In my opinion,everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other.(2016·天津)2.He is a shy man,but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.3.He told me his story in private,so nobody else knew what had happened to him.4.Although my grandfather is very old,yet he is leading an active life.5.Corn production has jumped nearly 125percent over the past 25years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.(2018·全国Ⅱ)6.Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs,or you could have problems.二、并列句的常见句型1.either...or...要么……要么……It had also given me a choice,either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.这也给了我一个选择,要么把那页纸留作空白,要么怀着希望继续写故事。
(2018·江苏)2.not only...but also...不但……而且……Not only are books shared but also it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.书籍不仅被分享,而且它还能建立一个联系世界各地读者的桥梁。
(2015·重庆)3.not...but...不是……而是……She did not ask others to help her,but finished the whole work by herself that day.那天她没有叫别人帮忙,而是自己完成了所有的工作。
4.for...因为……We listened eagerly,for he brought news of our families.我们急不可待地听着,因为他带来了我们家人的消息。
5.therefore...所以……Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation.沉默可能被某些文化群体视为极其不舒服,因此,可以尝试用对话来填补每一个间隙。
(2016·全国Ⅰ)6.while...而/然而/但是……It is beneficial to some people,while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.这对一些人是有好处的,却使其他人处于是否投票的两难境地。
(2016·江苏)7.祈使句/名词词组+and/or/otherwise+陈述句(1)Keep in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.记住它,逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中受益。
(2)A few more minutes,and she will do it much better.再给她几分钟,她会做得更好的。
(3)Work harder,or/otherwise you will fail in the next exam.学习再努力一些,否则下次考试你会不及格的。
8.when...这时……(1)I was walking to school this morning when I heard someone call me.今天早上我步行去上学,这时我听到有人喊我。
(2)I was about to give up when my parents encouraged me to go on.我正要放弃,这时我的父母鼓励我坚持下去。
(3)She had just arrived home when her mother asked her to play the piano.她刚刚到家,她妈妈就让她弹钢琴。
即时训练2用并列句完成句子1.两周过去了,我们的交流活动结束了。
(2016·天津)Two weeks went by,and our exchange activities ended.2.它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且可能也会威胁人们的生命安全。
(2015·江苏)It not only affects our everyday life,but may also threaten peo ple’s lives.3.虽然她是一个普通妇女,但是她确实值得尊敬。
She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting.4.设法经常表扬你的孩子,这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。
Find ways to praise your children often,and you will find they are willing to open their hearts to you.5.我们刚开始工作机器就坏了。
We had just begun to work when the machine broke down.三、在写作中使用并列句时的常见错误1.because和so,although/though和but使用不当错误!错误!2.when和while误用错误!综合演练Ⅰ.用并列句完成句子1.微笑不仅使我们高兴,而且也使别人放松。
Smiling can not only make us happy,but also make others relaxed.2.我的老师们对我不满意,所以那时我甚至想离开学校。
My teachers weren’t satisfied with me,so I even wanted to leave my school then.3.他自己去看电影了,因为我上周看过了。
He went to see the film by himself,for/because I saw it last week.4.快点,否则足球赛我们会迟到的。
Be quick,or/otherwise we’ll be late for the football match.5.我的好朋友很细心,而他的哥哥非常粗心。
My good friend is very careful while his brother is very careless.6.在周末,我爷爷不是待在家里,而是去公园散步。
On weekends my grandfath er doesn’t stay at home,but goes for a walk in the park.7.你可以去买或借这本书用来作研究。
You can either buy or borrow the book for your research.8.我正和我的老朋友说话,这时我的手机响了。
I was talking with my old friend when my smart phone rang.Ⅱ.按要求完成下列各题(一)用并列句翻译句子9.上周日我们去野营,一路上非常兴奋。
We went camping last Sunday and we were very excited all the way.10.我们不但带着食物和水,还画了一张地图。
Not only did we bring some food and water,but we also drew a map.11.我们不是去玩,而是去探索些什么。
We didn’t go to play,but went to explore something.12.我们在森林里走着时,天突然开始下雨了。