教学理论研究

1.Intrinsic Get top marks 2.engage task properly
Strategy 策略
Rote learn, cut Conceptualize Use study corners skills
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Feeling about the content：no interests, no instinct motive
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Teaching within the system 改进教学之三：在系统中教学
1. The school is a system
2. The classroom is a system 3. Teaching in the system should be effective.
(b) teaching context
教学背景
• such as: curriculum, teacher’s personal characteristics, teaching method, classroom climate, assessment SCNU EDUCATION SINCE SCHOOL
3. Know (not just know about) the theories and models of teaching and approaches of instruction in depth.
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How to be an effective teacher?
4. Select materials and teaching styles that will be effective with your student. 5. Provide support to the students and to any other colleagues, and also to the families.
How do you learn in the classroom? What’s the process of learning in the classroom?
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The 3P model
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How to Teach?
Teaching for better learning
教是为了更好地学
What is Effective Teaching
何为有效教学
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What is Learning？
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Main points
How do the students learn in the classroom?
The 3Pmodel of the classroom learning
3P课堂学习模型
Three common approaches to learning
三种常见的学习方式
“有效的教学不是一套普通的教学方法。相反，这 是教师根据实际条件做出的有关教学的决定。教 学有方的教师不会在每一堂课中都使用同样的教 学方法……他们会不断地反思他们的教学工作， 观察学生掌握知识的程度，然后再相应地调整自 SCNU EDUCATION SINCE SCHOOL 己的教学”。
How to be an effective teacher?
Minimizing surface approaches 改进教学之一：减少表层取向
What encourages surface learning? 学生为什么会采用表层学习方式？ (1) A cold climate (distrust) 冷淡的气氛（不信任） (2) Time stress (overload) 时间压力（超负荷） (3) Assessment (tasks require low level responses ) 评价（需要低水平回答的任务）
第二部分 教学理论研究
专题五 Teaching and Learning in Primary School Classroom
Company
LOGO
CHEN Dong Mei South China Normal University 2011.10
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Feeling about the content： great interests, eager to learn
表层式学习
深层式学习
Methods/strategies: deep involvement, learning for understanding, using optimal strategies for handling the task.
Instinct motive, 成就式学习 enjoy the process
interest and inner desire： maybe no Methods/strategies: engagement as the means, not the ends. Concentrates on Use skills to cost: effective use maximise the of time and effort; chances of obtaining Competition and SCNU EDUCATION SINCE highSCHOOL marks ranking
Presage factors
Presage factors occur before learning, relate to: 前期因素:学习开始之
前已存在的因素；
(a) students
学生本身
• such as: conceptions of learning, prior knowledge, abilities, preferred ways of learning, value, expectation
go
How to improve teaching?
1. Minimizing surface approaches 2. Encouraging deep approaches 3. Teaching within the system
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Interaction 相互影响 Complexity 复杂性
There‘s way to improve students’ learning in the classroom. 改善学生的学习
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How do the students learn?
Think about it !
According to your own experiences, what is Learning?
Purposes Content Approaches Process ……
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Question
Qualitative performance: development in knowledge structure and learning capacity 质的表现：知识结构的发展和学习能力的提高等
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What do you learn from the 3P Model?
ApproachΒιβλιοθήκη Baidus to learning
Motive Strategy
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Three Approaches 学习方式
Surface 表层式 Motive 动机 1.Extrinsic 2. Pass with minimal effort Deep 深层式 Achieving 成就式
1. Know strengths, needs, interests and ways of learning of the student. 2. Study and understand what is to be taught, especially the goals and the objectives.
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What is Effective Teaching
"Effective teaching is not a set of generic practices, but instead is a set of context-driven decisions about teaching. Effective teachers do not use the same set of practices for every lesson . . . Instead, what effective teachers do is constantly reflect about their work, observe whether students are learning or not, and, then adjust their practice accordingly (p. 6). ------ Carl Glickman (1991)
6. Continuously evaluate, analyze data, and modify the teaching practice. Change your teaching according to the students’ learning. 7. Good classroom management.
Expectation to Three Approaches Negative the outcome: Attitude low/even no
三种学习方式
Methods/strategies: no real involvement, usu. rote learning, ok to just meet the minimal requirement, cut corners.
Process factors
Occur during learning: how student handles the task 主要发生在学生学习的过程中 Describe how the student goes about the task: approach, conceptions, experience, intentions 描述学生如何处理任务，包括方法、概念、经验 和意愿等
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Product factors
Product factors are the outcomes of learning.成果因素：学习的结果
Examination grades: quantitative aspect of learning outcome 量的表现：考试成绩等
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Encouraging deep approaches 改进教学之二：促进深层取向
What encourages deep learning? 是什么促进了深层学习？ (1) A well structured knowledge base. 有良好结构的知识基础 (2) An appropriate motivational context. 适宜的动机环境 (3) Interaction with others. 与他人的互动 (4) Learner activity 学习者的活动