2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题5 模式2 多一词 含解析

技法2| 依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索1．连接性词语连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。

例如：(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；(2)并列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another等；(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等；(4)对比关系：in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等；(5)层递关系：also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，what's more等。

[考题回放](2016·北京高考)Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.[思路分析]空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的”，由weigh the risk and the reward可锁定F项中的weigh risks and rewards，F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。

2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试英语试题（本试卷共12页。

时间：120分钟总分：150分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15B. £ 9. 18C. £ 9. 15答案是 C。

第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does John find difficult in learning German?A. Pronunciation.B. Vocabulary.C. Grammar.2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Brother andsister.C. Teacher andstudent.3.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.4.What are the speakers talking about?A. A restaurant.B. A street.C. A dish.5.What does the woman think of her interview?A. It was tough.B. It was interesting.C. It was successful.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

模式2| 设空在段中考查要点1.段落主题句：有时段落首句只是引语，接下来的语句才是段落主题句。

2.解释、引申、例证类语句：对前面的论点或观点加以解释、引申或例证。

3.建议性语句：作者提出的解决问题的方法、措施或步骤。

4.句子间的过渡语句：为使上下文语意承接、转换自然，作者加入的过渡语句。

1．段落主题句[考题回放](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.) Then，it's ready to serve.B．The easiest is to steam it.[思路分析]　段落首句说“鱼有很多普通做法”并不是主题句，根据空格后面“如何蒸鱼”的介绍可知，空格内的句子“最简单的(方法)是蒸鱼”才是本段的主题句。

2．解释、引申、例证[考题回放](2017·浙江6月卷)How to Do Man­on­the­Street InterviewsThe man­on­the­street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips，your first man­on­the­street interview experience can be easy.D．For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.[思路分析]　此处是对a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interviewpeople on the sport进一步解释和引申，再结合后面的But with these tips，your first man­on­the­street interview experience can be easy可知，D项“对于新记者来说，这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务”符合语境。

第二讲非谓语动词(对应学生用书第6页)1．(2017·江苏高考卷)Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A．having developed B．being developedC．developed D．developingA[考查非谓语动词。

句意：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

本句的主语“Many Chinese brands”与动词“develop”之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语“over centuries”可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。

故答案为A。

] 2．(2016·江苏高考卷)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.A．to hide B．hiddenC．hiding D．being hiddenB[考查非谓语动词。

句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏了一个秘密信息。

句中message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

]3．(2015·江苏高考卷)Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A．being spent B．having spentC．spent D．spendingC[考查非谓语动词。

句意：因为坐办公室的时间太长，所以工作人员一般都受健康问题的困扰。

句首用独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示原因。

专题四 语 法 填 空最易得分的题型，但要求扎实的基础知识[2017年全国卷考情导向](对应学生用书第40页)模式1| 有提示词[命题角度]1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be (care) not to go to extremes.careful [考查派生词。

be 后应接形容词作表语，故填careful 。

]2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.introduction[考查派生词。

冠词后表示“介绍”应用名词形式，故填introduction。

]3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.invitations[考查名词的数。

several几个，其后的名词要用复数形式，故填invitations。

]4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.are removed[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。

根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are removed。

]5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term (rest)．resting[考查非谓语动词。

专题二阅读七选五题型最新，老师讲得最少[2017年全国卷考情导向][真题例释](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done. 36 ，there are several ways to handle things.Let's take a look at them now.37 ．Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then. 38 ．It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone，don't do it in your own office. 39 ，it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office，make good use of it. 40 ．If someone knocks and it's not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed，you're not to be disturbed.A．If you're busy，don't feel bad about saying noB．When you want to avoid interruptions at workC．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD．If you're in the other person's office or in a public areaE．It's important that you let them know when you'll be availableF．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

模式2| 无提示词[命题角度]1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.the[考查冠词。

此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。

] 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.in[考查介词。

关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。

a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。

]3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，is not good for the health.which[考查定语从句的关系词。

分析句子结构可知，空格处所填之词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。

]4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.a[考查冠词。

as a result结果是，为固定搭配，故填a。

]5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using every day.it[考查代词。

模式2| 无提示词[命题角度]1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.the[考查冠词。

此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。

] 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.in[考查介词。

关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。

a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。

]3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，is not good for the health.which[考查定语从句的关系词。

分析句子结构可知，空格处所填之词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。

]4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.a[考查冠词。

as a result结果是，为固定搭配，故填a。

]5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using every day.it[考查代词。

短文改错4步曲——再看句法技法一明确定语从句类型，关系词要分清1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.解析：which→where或which前加in本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，相当于in which，故which改为where或在其前加in。

2. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.解析：they→that/which分析句子结构可知，the things是先行词，其后是定语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故引导词应用that或which。

3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.解析：what→that/which或去掉what先行词为The dishes，且定语从句中cooked后缺少宾语，故应用that或which引导定语从句，因其在从句中作宾语，也可省略关系代词。

4．(2018·陕西西安八校联考)I am a 25-year-old young man which graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.解析：which→who/that本句中含有定语从句，先行词为man，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。

5．There are many people think that wealth is better than health.解析：think前加who或think→thinking分析句子结构可知，people后为定语从句，先行词为many people，故用who引导该定语从句；因many people和think之间是主谓关系，也可以用现在分词thinking作many people的后置定语。

类型5| 生态环保(对应学生用书第70页)(2017·江苏高考卷)Old Problem，New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：“There is no ‘one-size_fits_all’adaptation．”Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world，people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to preventstarvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India，where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers，water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter，when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze，and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000m3 of water.Climate change is a continuing process，so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them.But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will，perhaps，be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally，and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly，temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white，cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru，local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce，or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt，it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all，if we adapt in that way，we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies________．A．adaptation is an ever­changing processB．the cost of adaptation varies with timeC．global warming affects adaptation formsD．adaptation to climate change is challenging2．What is special with regard to Rezwan's project?A．The project receives government support.B．Different organizations work with each other.C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.3．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A．Storing ice for future use.B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.C．Changing the irrigation time.D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4．What do we learn from the Peru example?A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C．This country is heating up too quickly.D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5．According to the author，polluting industries should________．A．adapt to carbon pollutionB．plant highly profitable cropsC．leave carbon emission aloneD．fight against carbon pollution6．What's the author's preferred solution to global warming?A．Setting up a new standard.B．Reducing carbon emission.C．Adapting to climate change.D．Monitoring polluting industries.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

类型4| 人物传记[经典案例分析](2017·浙江高考·A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat's lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that heunderstood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine­year­old boy decided then that he would be an artist.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

类型8| 社会生活考查要点方法技巧1.社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。

2．迎接机遇或挑战的观点和态度。

3．处理或解决问题的方式、方法。

4．人们工作、生活、社交的方式及其影响。

1.明确文章的体裁，把握文章的结构。

2．运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。

3．明确事情的前因后果，找出问题的解决办法。

4．抓住诸多细节，推知文章的寓意。

(2017·浙江温州4月模拟)On Friday，March 13，28­year­old Genovese was returning home from work.Approaching her apartment，she was attacked by a man.Though she repeatedly called for help，none of the people in the neighborhood helped.The attack began at 3：20 am，but it was not until 3：50 am that someone first called the police.This is a most typical example of the bystander effect in psychology.The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need.Two major factors contribute to the bystander effect.First，the presence of other people creates diffusion (分散) of responsibility.With other observers around，individuals (个体) do not feel much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among those present.The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed.Researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to act if the situation is ambiguous，where things are often confusing and not so clear.So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap? Psychologists suggest thatsimply being aware of this tendency is the greatest way to break the cycle.When you face a situation that requires action，you should understand the bystander effect and consciously(有意识地) take action.But what if you are the person in need of assistance? One often­recommended approach is to single out one person from the crowd.Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help.By individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down. 24．The story of Genovese is to show ．A．the bystander effectB．the murderer's crueltyC．the neighbors' selfishnessD．the poor public security25．Onlookers fail to take action because the situation is ．A．urgent　B．dangerousC．tense D．vague26．What should you do when you need help from bystanders in an accident?A．Make a polite request.B．Turn to a specific person.C．Become aware of the tendency.D．Stay away from possible danger.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了旁观者效应。

专题二完形填空(对应学生用书第36页)法1| 利用上下文暗示解题(对应学生用书第36页)每一篇完整的文章都有其内在的紧密联系，而上下文则是营造语言环境的基础，也是进行逻辑推理的可靠依据。

在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。

学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。

1. 运用“前置信息”[典例1](2016·江苏高考卷) And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt ________ patiently，but then he finally smiled and said，“You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？”A．calculated B．listened C．drank D．explainedB[我开始讲述自己工作的辛苦和取得的成果。

我想必是讲了十分钟的样子。

库尔特耐心地听着，但最后他笑了笑说到……。

][点拨]根据上一句“I must have talked for ten minutes.”可知，库尔特在耐心地倾听。

2. 运用“后置信息”[典例2](2017·江苏高考卷)In his first years of high school，Gabriel would lookpityingly at the music students，struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at school for practice hours ________ anyone else had to be there.He swore to himself to avoid music，as he hated getting to school extra early. A．before B．after C．until D．sinceA[在他上高中的第一年，加布里埃尔总是同情地看着学音乐的学生，拖着沉重的乐器盒子，艰难地在校园里走，在别人还都没到的时候，来到学校，练习几个小时。

I类型 8| 演讲稿英语演讲稿实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文，其基本组成部分是：1．开始时对听众的称呼语。

最常用的是 ladies and gentlemen ，也可根据不同情况，选用 fellow students ，distinguished guests ，Mr .chairman ，honorable judges(评委)等等。

2．提出论题。

由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。

3．论证。

对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。

这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。

关键是要把道理讲清楚。

4．结论。

结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。

5．结尾。

结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。

最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention.。

(2017· 金华十校二模)你校的英国姊妹学校将于本周来校访问交流，假如你是校学生会主席李华，请你用英语准备一份演讲稿，向交流团师生介绍一日活动安排，内容如下：时间上午下午晚上地点报告厅校园操场学校湖边 内容校史介绍参观校园中英学生足球赛英语晚会注意：1．词数 80 左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

[习作评阅]——自我修改三档作文 Dear friends ，1.避免搭配错误Welcome t o our school ！ am Li Hua ，chairman of ②处 up 改为 ar oundthe students' union.I am hono r ed t o ①receiving you2.杜绝语法错误here.Y our visit schedule is as follows.In the morning，you will be shown②up our school and listen t o③a introduction of the school history in the lecture hall.After lunch，a football match will be held bet w een British④or Chinese students on the playground.Students from both of the schools⑤is welcome⑥join in.⑦(晚上在学校湖边我们将举办一场英语晚会。

第2讲读后续写【考情展示·考向预测】(对应学生用书第89页)读后续写作为浙江英语高考新题型，是一种常见的“给材料作文”，它要求学生在阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据所给出的开头语和关键词语把这篇未写完的文章补充完整。

读后续写要紧扣文章前文所述，去推想之后可能出现的情况，要展开合理、充分的想象，构思适当的情节，写成一篇完整的文章。

读后续写有助于培养学生的想象能力、创新思维能力和语言表达能力。

[选材特点]1．所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；2．多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。

[评分参考]阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：1．与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；2．内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；3．应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；4．上下文的连贯性。

注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右(词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分)；2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

[写作步骤]1．精读文章，确定文章线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这有利于“顺藤摸瓜”。

2．仔细审题，明确续写要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示等，做到“心中有数”。

3．回扣原文，想象续写内容。

快速回读短文，揣摩文章的思路，结合段首的提示语和划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。

4．拟写草稿，修改错词病句。

结合提示语和文中划线的关键词拟写出草稿，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，上下文的衔接。

5．标出所使用的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语，最后誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。

[方法技巧]1．掌握所给文章的主旨意图及故事情节的发展方向。

这点至关重要。

只有把握了文章的主旨意图，才能很好地完成续写。

2．正确理解故事的脉络线索和段落结构，设计续写内容的基本框架。

专题一　阅读理解【考情展示·考向预测】模式1| 细节理解题事实认定数学计算顺序排列图表鉴别通过阅读，认定文中出现的who ，what ，when ，where ，which ，how 等具体事实对文中所涉及的年代、年龄、数量、钱款等进行规整、计算、换算，得出试题所对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序的关系进行恰当用图表代替具体事实，使文中的某些信息更直观、更形象地得以展现。

信息。

要求的答案。

排序。

解题技巧1.略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。

2．读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。

3．通过直接信息认定、同义替换对应，筛选出正确答案。

4．重点关注给出的例证、类比、顺序等重要信息点。

[例1]　(2017·浙江6月卷·B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights ，even though they have to get up st year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7­to 12­year ­olds said they felt tired during the day ，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours.For most school­age children ，ten hours is ideal(理想的)．But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10­to 12­year­olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.25．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A ．American kids' sleeping habits.B ．Teenagers' sleep ­related diseases.C ．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D ．Learning problems and lack of sleep.26．How many hours of sleep do 11­year­olds need every day?A ．7 hours.　B ．8 hours.C ．10 hours.D ．18 hours.25．A [考查细节理解。

(对应学生用书第12页)类型1| 人物传记考查要点方法技巧1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。

2．人物的重大、有影响的经历。

3．人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。

4．人物成长的时代背景。

1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。

2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。

3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。

(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860­1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907­1964)If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor (1930­present)When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was awoman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913­2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil­rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A．Her social work.B．Her teaching skills.C．Her efforts to win a prize.D．Her community background.22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions.23．Who made a great contribution to the civil­rights movement in the U．S.?A．Jane Addams.B．Rachel Carson.C．Sandra Day O'Connor.D．Rosa Parks.24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A．They are highly educated.B．They are truly creative.C．They are pioneers.D．They are peace­lovers.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱。

技法1| 依据“行文逻辑”线索文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。

各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、解释、例证、并列、层递、转折、对比、因果关系等。

“七选五”阅读解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。

1．总分关系[考题回放](2014·全国卷Ⅱ)From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability，money，and time. 16 Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：B．Ability is easily improved.[思路分析]空格前面提到了三个原因：ability，money，time。

空格后面提到了money是作者改天再讨论的话题，紧接着后面提到了怎样充分利用time，所以这里应该与第一项ability有关。

2．解释关系[考题回放](2017·浙江6月卷)Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say，“Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.”This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.B．As you approach people，be polite.[思路分析]根据段落主题句Hit the streets with confidence和后面的Excuse me，...and I was wondering if...和get people to warm up to you可知，B项“当你接近别人时，要有礼貌”是对主题句的进一步解释和说明。

(对应学生用书第8页)类型1|广告宣传考查要点方法技巧1．广告宣传的目的。

2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。

3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。

4．所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。

1．浏览标题，了解大意。

2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。

3．通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。

[经典案例分析](2017·全国卷Ⅲ·A)San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning：February1st through April30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy4pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration(时长)：2hoursPrice：$90Back to the Fifties TourRunning：August16th through August31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods，the1950s！Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery：5：00pm and7：30pmDuration：2hoursPrice：$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning：October10th through October31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装)is provided foryour warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery：6：30pm and8：30pmDuration：1hour and30minutesPrice：Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning：December6th through December23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery：7：00pm and9：00pmDuration：1hour and30minutesAdvance reservations required.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。