2019版高考英语黄冈经典一轮跟踪检测强化提升: 选修8 Unit 5 Word版含答案
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跟踪检测·强化提升【对点语境练】Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2018·长春模拟)Yet Wolf WarriorⅡhas proven that a Chinese moviemaker can ___________(entertainment) audiences just as well.2. Finding some strange men hanging about, the woman quickly locked her door, very ___________(scare).3. (2018·邢台模拟)When the boy woke up from the ___________(operate), he innocently said, “Daddy, I’m sorry about your truck. ”4. (2018·包头模拟)In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help makea ___________(different).5. I really love to watch people set off fireworks for the feeling of ___________(excite)and joy!6. (2018·武威模拟)The advertising world is very ___________(compete) and when I look back, I can not imagine how I stayed in it.7. (2018·深圳模拟)A few years ago, I got involved in a ___________(mass) plan to win an Israeli Quiz show similar to Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, which was beyond my wildest ___________(expect).8. The global ___________(succeed) of the Harry Potter films is considered as a factor in encouraging overseas students to come toEngland.9. (2018·长沙模拟)In my opinion, we should take road safety ___________(serious) in our daily life.10. ___________(lucky), he also had a cow producing milk every day.答案:1. entertain 2. scared 3. operation 4. difference 5. excitement6. competitive7. massive; expectations8. success9. seriously 10. LuckilyⅡ. 单句改错1. (2018·重庆模拟)I’m gladly to receive your novel.( )2. To my disappointment, the guide cut my holiday shortly by 2 days.( )3. It’s a specially day today and I’ve had a self-made gift prepared for you.( )4. This is a letter of complaint concerned the actions of one of your online stores. ( )5. Hearing this, the whole class burst into laugh.( )6. (2018·太原模拟)Life is tough, and we may feel disappointing, but dreams can always help us to move forward.( )7. I was in greatly pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had happened until the class was over. ( ) 8. (2018·兰州模拟)When we felt hunger, we went out and had lunch.( )9. First, it’ s much more convenience to read paper books and we cantake notes in places where we want to express our opinions.)10. If you find a position there, I’m sure you’ll see a rapid improve in both your character and abilities. ( )答案:1. gladly→glad2.shortly→short3. specially→special4. concerned→concerning5. laugh→laughte r6. disappointing→disappointed7. greatly→gr eat8. hunger→hungry9. convenience→convenient10. improve→improvement【综合语篇练】Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·衡水模拟)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
化学电源1.科学工作者为心脏病患者设计的心脏起搏器的电池是以Pt+和H 和Zn为电极材料,依靠人体体液中含有的一定浓度的溶解氧、2+进行工作的。
该电池工作时,正极的电极反应式为( )Zn-2+ ===ZnA.Zn-2e+-===H↑2e.2H +B2--===O↑+2H4OH4e-O C.22+-===2H4e+4HO+D.O22解析:选D 正极得电子,体液中溶解的氧气得电子而发生还原+-===2HO,D项正确。
O+4H +4e反应:222.纸电池是一种有广泛应用的“软电池”,如图所示,这种碱性纸电池采用薄层纸片作为载体和传导体,纸的两面分别附着锌和二氧化锰。
下列有关该纸电池的说法不合理的是( )A.Zn为负极,发生氧化反应B.电池工作时,电子由MnO流向Zn2--+OH+HO===MnO(OH)MnOC.正极反应:+e22D.电池总反应:Zn +2MnO+2HO===Zn(OH)+2MnO(OH) 222解析:选B Zn为负极,发生氧化反应,A项正确;电池工作时,电子由负极Zn流向正极MnO,B项错误;正极上MnO发生还原反应22--,C项正确;电池总反应为OHO===MnO(OH)H+MnOe++Zn+2MnO222.+2H O===Zn(OH)+2MnO(OH),D项正确。
223.某电池以K FeO和Zn 为电极材料,KOH溶液为电解质溶液。
42下列说法正确的是( ) A.电子由Zn电极流出,经KOH溶液流向正极-+-2+10H+6e===FeO+5H B.正极反应式为2FeOO2342C.该电池放电过程中电解质溶液浓度不变-向负极迁移OH D.电池工作时解析:选D 电子由电源的负极经导线流向正极,Zn极发生氧化反应,作负极,则K FeO作正极,所以电子从Zn极经导线流向K FeO4422-2+8H则正极反应式为2FeO O极,故A错误;KOH溶液为电解质溶液,24--,故B错误;电池总反应式为3Zn+2K+6e===2Fe(OH)+10OHFeO432+8H O===3Zn(OH)+2Fe(OH)+4KOH,该电池放电过程中电解质溶液322-向负OH浓度增大,故C错误;电池工作时阴离子向负极移动,所以极迁移,故D正确。
课题3制作泡菜并检测亚硝酸盐含量理一理判一判1.乳酸菌是严格厌氧菌,无氧呼吸的产物是乳酸与CO2。
(×)2.乳酸菌与酵母菌在结构上的主要差异是前者没有核膜、核仁。
(√) 3.当人体摄入的亚硝酸盐总量达到0.3~0.5 g时,就可以转化为致癌物——亚硝胺。
(×)4.腌制泡菜时的温度、食盐用量和发酵时间均会影响泡菜的品质。
(√)5.测定亚硝酸盐的含量时,样品中亚硝酸盐含量不同则会形成不同深度的玫瑰红。
(√)6.测定亚硝酸盐含量的实验过程中不需要对照。
(×)悟一悟1.泡菜坛的选择:应选用火候好、无裂纹、无砂眼、坛沿深、盖子吻合好的泡菜坛。
检查时,可将坛口向上压入水中,看坛内有无渗水现象。
2.腌制的条件:要注意控制时间、温度和食盐的用量。
温度过高、食盐用量过低、腌制时间过短,容易造成细菌大量繁殖,亚硝酸盐含量增加。
3.腌制方法:清水与盐的质量比应为4:1,盐水要煮沸冷却后备用。
蔬菜和配料装至八成满时,加盐水没过全部菜料,盖好坛盖后向坛盖边沿的水槽中注满水,以保证坛内形成无氧环境,以便乳酸菌发酵。
4.泡菜腌制成功的关键:营造无氧环境。
5.检测指标:乳酸的含量。
6.泡菜成熟期:乳酸含量为0.6%~0.8%,风味、品质最好。
7.亚硝酸盐使人体中毒的原理:亚硝酸盐是一种强氧化剂,会导致红细胞内的低价铁血红蛋白被氧化成高价铁血红蛋白,使血红蛋白失去携带氧气的能力,导致缺氧性中毒症状。
8.亚硝酸盐是硝酸盐还原菌促进硝酸盐还原形成的。
感悟体会:练一练1.[2019·四川会考]在泡菜的制作过程中,下列有关叙述中,不正确的是()A.按照清水与盐的质量比为5:1的比例配制盐水B.乳酸菌的代谢类型为异养厌氧型C.盐水入坛前要煮沸冷却,以防污染D.在坛盖边沿的水槽中要注满水,以保证坛内的无氧环境解析:应为按照清水与盐的质量比为4:1的比例配制盐水,A项错误。
答案:A2.[2019·广西高二期末]制作泡菜的过程中亚硝酸盐的含量变化()A.先减少后增加B.先增加后减少C.逐渐增加D.逐渐减少解析:泡菜腌制过程中,由于坛内环境中硝酸还原菌的繁殖,促进硝酸盐被还原为亚硝酸盐,但随腌制时间延长,乳酸菌大量繁殖,产生乳酸,抑制硝酸盐还原菌繁殖,使亚硝酸盐含量逐渐下降,所以B项正确;A、C、D三项错误。
课时跟踪检测(二十四) 尚 贤 一、基础学问1.下列语句中,不含通假字的一项为( ) A .今上举义不辟贫贱 B .四鄙之萌人闻之C .阖其自入而求之,盗其无自出D .尚欲祖述尧舜禹汤之道解析:选C A 项,“辟”通“避”;B 项,“萌”通“氓”;D 项,“尚”通“倘”。
2.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( )A.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧夫尚贤者,政之本.也则是本.失其所欲B.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 我始以.远为无恃以.德就列C.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧今上举义不辟.远举公义,辟.私怨D.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧有能则举.之禹举.益于阴方之中解析:选D A 项,名词,根本;名词做状语,从根本上。
B 项,认为;依据。
C 项,通“避”,回避;通“避”,避开。
D 项,均为“提拔”。
3.下列句子中,词类活用现象不同于其他三项的一项是( ) A .将在于众.贤而已 B .必将富.之贵之 C .无能则下.之 D .美.章而恶不生 解析:选D A 、B 、C 三项均为使动用法,D 项为形容词作名词。
4.对下列各句的句式特点的推断,正确的一项是( ) ①夫尚贤者,政之本也 ②此固国家之珍而社稷之佐也 ③今者王公大人为政于国家者④况又有贤良之士厚乎德行、辩乎言谈、博乎道术者乎 A .①②相同,③④相同 B .①②相同,③④不同 C .①②不同,③④相同 D .①②不同,③④不同解析:选A ①②为推断句;③④为定语后置句。
二、阅读理解 (一)课内阅读阅读下面的文字,完成5~8题。
子墨子言曰:“今者王公大人为政于国家者,皆欲国家之富、人民之众、刑政之治,然而不得富而.得贫,不得众而得寡,不得治而得乱,则是本失其所欲,得其所恶。
是其故何也?”子墨子言曰:“是在王公大人为政于国家者,不能以尚贤事能为政也。
是故国有贤良之士众,则国家之治厚;贤良之士寡,则国家之治薄。
故大人之务,将在于众贤而已。
”曰:“然则众贤之术,将奈何哉?”子墨子言曰:“譬若欲众其国之善射御之士者,必将富之贵之、敬之誉之,然后国之善射御之士将可得而众也。
课时跟踪检测(一)原子结构模型1.关于原子结构模型的演变过程,正确的是()A.汤姆逊原子模型→道尔顿原子模型→卢瑟福原子模型→玻尔原子模型→量子力学模型B.汤姆逊原子模型→卢瑟福原子模型→玻尔原子模型→量子力学模型→道尔顿原子模型C.道尔顿原子模型→卢瑟福原子模型→汤姆逊原子模型→玻尔原子模型→量子力学模型D.道尔顿原子模型→汤姆逊原子模型→卢瑟福原子模型→玻尔原子模型→量子力学模型解析:选D模型建立先后顺序为:道尔顿原子模型(1803年)→汤姆逊原子模型(1903年)→卢瑟福原子模型(1911年)→玻尔原子模型(1913年)→量子力学模型(20世纪20年代中期)。
2.成功解释氢原子光谱为线状光谱的原子结构模型的是()A.卢瑟福原子结构模型B.玻尔原子结构模型C.量子力学模型D.汤姆逊原子结构模型解析:选B玻尔原子结构模型最早成功解释了氢原子光谱为线状光谱;汤姆逊原子结构模型只解释了原子中存在电子的问题(是在发现电子的基础上提出来的),其原子结构模型为“葡萄干布丁”模型;卢瑟福原子结构模型是根据α粒子散射实验提出来的,解决了原子核的问题(带正电的部分集中在一个核上);量子力学模型是在量子力学理论的基础上提出来的,是一个统计的结果。
3.对充有氖气的霓虹灯管通电,灯管发出红色光。
产生这一现象的主要原因是() A.电子由激发态向基态跃迁时以光的形式释放能量B.电子由基态向激发态跃迁时吸收除红光以外的光线C.氖原子获得电子后转变成发出红光的物质D.在电流的作用下,氖原子与构成灯管的物质发生反应解析:选A霓虹灯发红光是因为电子吸收能量后跃迁到能量较高的轨道,能量较高轨道上的电子会跃迁回能量较低的轨道而以光的形式释放能量。
4.电子层数n=3时,电子的空间运动状态(即原子轨道)有()A.4种B.7种C.8种D.9种解析:选D电子层数n=3的原子轨道有3s(1个原子轨道),3p(3种伸展方向,即3个原子轨道),3d(5种伸展方向,即5个原子轨道)共9(即n2)个原子轨道。
强调[语法初识]原句感知自主探究①It was Mary who did the experiment in the labyesterday evening.②It was in the park that I met my old teacheryesterday.③It is a pity that you didn't see the film yesterdayevening.④It was seven o'clock when we reached themountain village.⑤It was yesterday that I met my old teacher in thepark.⑥It was my old teacher that I met in the parkyesterday.⑦Maria, do tell us a little about the Venice FilmFestival.⑧It is a good idea that we will have a swim thisSunday. (1)以上各句中,句①②⑤⑥⑦表示强调。
(2)上述句子中表示强调有两种表现形式。
一种是用do/does/did+动词原形表示;另一种是用强调句型表示。
(3)句③中的that引导主语从句,it是形式主语。
同样用法的还有句⑧。
(4)句④中的it是代词;when引导时间状语从句。
[语法剖析]强调的功能和作用在表达中,强调是对句中的主语、宾语、状语或状语从句进行充分强调而接受的一种特殊的表达结构,强调是一种修辞方法,能起到突出信息的作用。
语法点一强调句型1.强调句型的基本结构I came across Jim in the park yesterday.→It was I that/who came across Jim in the park yesterday.(强调主语)→It was Jim that/who I came across in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)→It was in the park that I came across Jim yesterday.(强调地点状语)→It was yesterday that I came across Jim in the park.(强调时间状语)昨天我在公园偶然遇到了吉姆。
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跟踪检测·强化提升【对点语境练】Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. I’m the only daughter of my parents. So they are worried ______everything I do.2. Add milk and sugar to increase the flavor of bold tea or add honey ___ lightly flavored tea if desired.3. Along ______ London’s West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatres in the English-speaking world.4. Banks view online banking ______ a powerful “value-added” tool to attract and keep new customers.5. (2018·六安模拟)Then, after sixty years’ separation, they marriedeach other in ______ (they) late seventies.6. We may like to think of ______ (us) more important than others, but our happiness sometimes lies in the happiness of other people. 世纪金榜导学号79060212答案:1. about2. to3. with4. as5.their6. ourselvesⅡ. 单句改错1. (2018·泉州模拟)When we do not let our children receive agood music education, we take him away from the meaningsmusic expresses.( )2. Holding on to her over the water, I struggled to the bank. Atlast, the boywas saved. ( )3. It reminds me my days when I joined in the military training after I entered senior high school. 世纪金榜导学号79060213( )4. (2018·襄阳模拟)Whenever you get in trouble, you areready to lend our hands to you. ( )5. To realize my dreams, I will take more exercise to build up my body.I will try my best to focus time and energy to my study. ( )6. English is very important for us, but many students don’t know howto learn it well. Many students even show no interest to it. ( )7. (2018·六安模拟)Another advantage lies in the speed with whichmessages get sent and received. ( )答案:1.him→them2.her→him3.在me后加of4.第二个you→we5. energy后的to→on6.第二个to→in7. with→at【综合语篇练】Ⅰ. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
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考题演练·跟踪检测1.(2022·惠州模拟)阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一纳粹政权的恶行给德国带来了灭顶之灾,联邦德国几乎是在一片废墟上进展起来的。
在大部分德国城镇,建筑物遭到严峻破坏,火车站和公共事业设施被毁。
粮食供应紧急,燃料缺乏,饥饿和寒冷成了对居民的主要威逼。
以矜持著称的德国人,甚至会在田野里与野狗争夺一块发霉的马铃薯。
通往农村的火车车厢外,经常扒满了前去觅食的逃票乘客。
由于货币作用降低,买东西必需使用购货证,香烟成了抢手货,往往成为物物交换中的计量单位和不等值物品交换中的“找头”。
不少国家,尤其是周边国家,对德国布满敌意,视其为不行救药者。
——据《解放日报》2022年2月2日材料二欧根·科贡的《党卫队国家》一书,条理清楚地向读者揭示了党卫队的真相;雅斯贝斯的《罪责问题》一书,提出每个德国人都有道德罪行和抽象罪行,都应当进行深刻反思。
联邦德国成立后,阿登纳以政府总理的身份呼吁“德国人民有责任作道德和物质上的补偿”。
1970年,时任总理的勃兰特向华沙犹太人殉难者纪念碑下跪,更是把忏悔文化推到了顶点。
战后初期,各地的小剧场、歌舞厅、报告厅等就开头涌现,仅柏林一地就有2 000多个,大多没有暖气,饥肠辘辘的参与者在寒冷中听报告、看演出,乐在其中。
同时法兰克福取代莱比锡成为国家图书出版中心,各地图书馆大增,短期内数量就翻了一番。
——据《战后德国经济复兴的缘由》(1)依据材料一,“纳粹政权的恶行”指的是什么大事?如何理解其“给德国带来了灭顶之灾”这句话。
(2)依据材料二并结合所学,分析人类应当如何避开战斗再次发生。
【解析】第(1)题第一问,可以直接推断是其次次世界大战的影响;其次问,依据材料一进行概括。
第(2)题依据材料信息“1970年,时任总理的勃兰特向华沙犹太人殉难者纪念碑下跪”“战后初期,各地的小剧场、歌舞厅、报告厅等就开头涌现……乐在其中”体现了大国反思战斗、政府主动担当责任和塑造和平友善的民族文化,还可以结合所学从国际争端的解决方式角度分析。
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跟踪检测·强化提升Ⅰ. 语境填词1. Do you want to_____________ your intelligence? Just complete the_____________ form below, please. (evaluate)2. He was_____________ as manager of the company. But to everyone’s surprise, he didn’t accept the_____________. (appoint)3. He was_____________ to leave and he couldn’t hide_____________.(anxious)4. Tom_____________ at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a_____________. (panic)5. Tom was badly hurt and still_____________ after the accident, but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us_____________. (conscious)6. The labs in our school are_____________ with a lot of good_____________, which is helpful for our study. (equip)7. Could you please _____________ the baby for me? I didn’t have time to give her a _____________. (bathe)8. Among all the people we should _____________, our parents are the ones who deserve our _____________ most. (appreciate)答案:1. evaluate;evaluation2. appointed;appointment3. anxious ;anxiety4. panicked ;panic5. unconscious ;consciously6. equipped;equipment7. bathe;bath8. appreciate;appreciationⅡ. 单句改错1. The snow is so thick, how did you make way to the top of the hill?( ) 2. Not completed the project, they have to stay there for another two weeks.( ) 3. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel while I heard the steps. ( )【加固训练】I was about to leave while the telephone rang. ( )4. How cold it is, he always goes swimming with his friends.( ) 5. With all the houses being burnt to the ground, they had no place tolive in. ( )6. I would like to speak for our group to expressing our appreciation for your valuable help. ( )7. As far as I know, it is absolute impossible to finish it in five days.( ) 8. The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son.( ) 9. I kept silent in the backseat of the car as we made our way Grandma’s.( ) 10. People who don’t smoke have little potential of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so. ( )答案:1. is改为being2. completed改为completing3. while改为when【加固训练】while改为when4. How改为However5.去掉being6. expressing改为express7. absolute改为absolutely8. anxiously改为anxious9. way后加上to/towards10. little改为lessⅢ. 完成句子1. The police hurried to the spot, _____________________________ the damaged car had been taken away.警察赶到现场, 却被告知受损的汽车已经被带走。
课时跟踪检测(五)《张中丞传》后叙(时间:40分钟,分值:55分)一、基础巩固(25分)1.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.然尚恨.有阙者恨:怨恨B.疑畏死而辞服..于贼辞服:请降,投降C.观者见其然,从而尤.之尤:责怪D.蔽遮江淮,沮遏..其势沮遏:遏制,阻挡解析:选A A项,恨:遗憾。
2.下列四组句子中加点词语的意义和用法,相同的一组是(3分)()A.必以.其言为信臣以.险衅,夙遭闵凶B.人相食且.尽犹且.从师而问焉C.天下之.不亡,其谁之功也不知东方之.既白D.愈尝从事于.汴、徐二府以其无礼于.晋解析:选C A项,介词,把;介词,因为。
B项,副词,将;连词,尚且。
C项,取消句子独立性。
D项,介词,在;介词,对。
3.下列各句中加点词的古今意义,相同的一项是(3分)()A.不能通知..二父志B.皆感激..为云泣下C.如巡、远之所成就..于汴、徐二府..D.愈尝从事解析:选C A项,古义:深知,深入了解。
今义:把事项告诉人知道。
B项,古义:感动奋发。
今义:因对方的好意或帮助而对他产生好感。
C项,古今义均为功勋。
D项,古义:任职。
今义:投身到事业中去。
4.下列句式不同于其他三项的一项是(3分)()A.所欲忠者,国与主耳B.月日后于巡C.愈尝从事于汴、徐二府D.南霁云之乞救于贺兰也解析:选A B、C、D三项均是倒装句中的状语后置句,A项是判断句。
5.下列对课文中词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.“张中丞”,中丞,张巡的官衔。
古代对人的称呼,可以用官职命名,再如,王维又称为“王右丞”。
B.“庙”,古代供祀祖宗的地方。
古代对庙的规模有严格的等级限制:天子七庙,卿五庙,大夫三庙,士一庙。
C.“县尉”,即县令,是县中的长官,负责统筹全县之政务。
D.“州”,中国先秦时代的地理区域划分单位,东汉以后开始作为行政区划。
三皇五帝时代即有九州,即彼时将天下分为九个“州”。
解析:选C“县尉”不是县令。
跟踪检测·强化提升【对点语境练】Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. I’m the only daughter of my parents. So they are worried ______everything I do.2. Add milk and sugar to increase the flavor of bold tea or add honey ___ lightly flavored tea if desired.3. Along ______London’s West En d theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatres in the English-speaking world.4. Banks view online banking ______a powerful “value-added” tool to attract and keep new customers.5. (2018·六安模拟)Then, after sixty y ears’ separation, they marriedeach other in ______ (they) late seventies.6. We may like to think of ______ (us) more important than others, butour happiness sometimes lies in the happiness of other people.答案:1. about2. to3. with4. as5.their6. ourselvesⅡ. 单句改错1. (2018·泉州模拟)When we do not let our children receive agood music education, we take him away from the meaningsmusic expresses.()2. Holding on to her over the water, I struggled to the bank. Atlast, the boy was saved.()3. It reminds me my days when I joined in the military training after Ientered senior high school.)4. (2018·襄阳模拟)Whenever you get in trouble, you areready to lend our hands to you. ()5. To realize my dreams, I will take more exercise to build up my body.I will try my best to focus time and energy to my study.()6. English is very important for us, but many students don’t know how to learn it well. Many students even show no interest to it.()7. (2018·六安模拟)Another advantage lies in the speed with whichmessages get sent and received. ()答案:1.him→them2.her→him3.在me后加of4.第二个you→we5. energy后的to→on6.第二个to→in7. with→at【综合语篇练】Ⅰ. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
课时跟踪检测(十二) 事件的相互独立性层级一 学业水平达标1.袋内有3个白球和2个黑球,从中不放回地摸球,用A 表示“第一次摸得白球”,用B 表示“第二次摸得白球”,则A 与B 是( )A .互斥事件B .相互独立事件C .对立事件D .不相互独立事件解析:选D 根据互斥事件、对立事件和相互独立事件的定义可知,A 与B 不是相互独立事件.故选D .2.若P (AB )=19,P (A )=23,P (B )=13,则事件A 与B 的关系是( ) A .事件A 与B 互斥B .事件A 与B 对立C .事件A 与B 相互独立D .事件A 与B 既互斥又独立解析:选C 因为P (A )=23,所以P (A )=13,又P (B )=13,P (AB )=19,所以有P (AB )=P (A )P (B ),所以事件A 与B 相互独立但不一定互斥.3.打靶时,甲每打10次可中靶8次,乙每打10次可中靶7次,若两人同时射击,则他们同时中靶的概率是( )A .1425B .1225C .34D .35 解析:选A 由题意知P 甲=810=45,P 乙=710,所以P =P 甲·P 乙=1425. 4.有两名射手射击同一目标,命中的概率分别为0.8和0.7,若各射击一次,则目标被击中的概率是( )A .0.56B .0.92C .0.94D .0.96 解析:选C 设事件A 表示:“甲击中”,事件B 表示:“乙击中”.由题意知A ,B 互相独立.故目标被击中的概率为P =1-P (A ·B )=1-P (A )P (B )=1-0.2×0.3=0.94.5.从甲袋内摸出1个红球的概率是13,从乙袋内摸出1个红球的概率是12,从两袋内各摸出1个球,则23等于( ) A .2个球不都是红球的概率B .2个球都是红球的概率C .至少有1个红球的概率D .2个球中恰好有1个红球的概率解析:选C 至少有1个红球的概率是13×⎝⎛⎭⎫1-12+12×⎝⎛⎭⎫1-13+12×13=23.6.有甲、乙两批种子,发芽率分别为0.8和0.9,在两批种子中各取一粒,则恰有一粒种子能发芽的概率是________.解析:所求概率P =0.8×0.1+0.2×0.9=0.26.答案:0.267.已知P (A )=0.3,P (B )=0.5,当事件A ,B 相互独立时,P (A ∪B )=________,P (A |B )=________.解析:∵A ,B 相互独立,∴P (A ∪B )=P (A )+P (B )-P (A )·P (B )=0.3+0.5-0.3×0.5=0.65. P (A |B )=P (A )=0.3.答案:0.65 0.38.设两个相互独立的事件A ,B 都不发生的概率为19,A 发生B 不发生的概率等于B 发生A 不发生的概率,则事件A 发生的概率P (A )=________.解析:由已知可得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧(1-P (A ))(1-P (B ))=19,P (A )(1-P (B ))=P (B )(1-P (A )),解得P (A )=P (B )=23. 答案:239.在同一时间内,甲、乙两个气象台独立预报天气准确的概率分别为45和34.求: (1)甲、乙两个气象台同时预报天气准确的概率.(2)至少有一个气象台预报准确的概率.解:记“甲气象台预报天气准确”为事件A ,“乙气象台预报天气准确”为事件B .显然事件A ,B 相互独立且P (A )=45,P (B )=34. (1)P (AB )=P (A )P (B )=45×34=35. (2)至少有一个气象台预报准确的概率为P =1-P (AB )=1-P (A )P (B )=1-15×14=1920. 10.已知A ,B ,C 为三个独立事件,若事件A 发生的概率是12,事件B 发生的概率是23,事件C 发生的概率是34,求下列事件的概率: (1)事件A ,B ,C 只发生两个;(2)事件A ,B ,C 至多发生两个.解:(1)记“事件A ,B ,C 只发生两个”为A 1,则事件A 1包括三种彼此互斥的情况,A ·B ·C ;A ·B ·C ;A ·B ·C ,由互斥事件概率的加法公式和相互独立事件的概率乘法公式,得P (A 1)=P (A ·B ·C )+P (A ·B ·C )+P (A ·B ·C )=112+18+14=1124,∴事件A ,B ,C 只发生两个的概率为1124. (2)记“事件A ,B ,C 至多发生两个”为A 2,则包括彼此互斥的三种情况:事件A ,B ,C 一个也不发生,记为A 3,事件A ,B ,C 只发生一个,记为A 4,事件A ,B ,C 只发生两个,记为A 5,故P (A 2)=P (A 3)+P (A 4)+P (A 5)=124+624+1124=34. ∴事件A ,B ,C 至多发生两个的概率为34. 层级二 应试能力达标1.在某段时间内,甲地下雨的概率为0.3,乙地下雨的概率为0.4,假设在这段时间内两地是否下雨之间没有影响,则这段时间内,甲、乙两地都不下雨的概率为( )A .0.12B .0.88C .0.28D .0.42解析:选D P =(1-0.3)(1-0.4)=0.42.2.如图所示,在两个圆盘中,指针落在本圆盘每个数所在区域的机会均等,那么两个指针同时落在奇数所在区域的概率是( )A .49B .29C .23D .13解析:选A 设A 表示“第一个圆盘的指针落在奇数所在的区域”,则P (A )=23,B 表示“第二个圆盘的指针落在奇数所在的区域”,则P (B )=23.故P (AB )=P (A )·P (B )=23×23=49. 3.荷花池中,有一只青蛙在成品字形的三片荷叶上跳来跳去(每次跳跃时,均从一片荷叶跳到另一片荷叶),而且顺时针方向跳的概率是逆时针方向跳的概率的两倍,如图所示.假设现在青蛙在A 荷叶上,则跳三次之后停在A 荷叶上的概率是( )A .13B . 29C . 49D . 827解析:选A 按A →B →C →A 的顺序的概率为13×13×13=127,按A →C →B →A 的顺序的概率为23×23×23=827,故跳三次之后停在A 叶上的概率为P =127+827=13.4.如图,已知电路中4个开关闭合的概率都是12,且是互相独立的,则灯亮的概率为( )A .316B .34C .1316D .14解析:选C 记“A ,B ,C ,D 四个开关闭合”分别为事件A ,B ,C ,D ,可用对立事件求解,图中含开关的三条线路同时断开的概率为:P (C )P (D )[1-P (AB )]=12×12×⎝⎛⎭⎫1-12×12=316.∴灯亮的概率为1-316=1316. 5.加工某零件需经过三道工序,设第一、二、三道工序的次品率分别为170,169,168,且各道工序互不影响,则加工出来的零件的次品率为________.解析:加工出来的零件的正品率为⎝⎛⎭⎫1-170×⎝⎛⎭⎫1-169×⎝⎛⎭⎫1-168=6770,所以次品率为1-6770=370. 答案:3706.某次知识竞赛规则如下:在主办方预设的5个问题中,选手若能连续正确回答出两个问题,即停止答题,晋级下一轮.假设某选手正确回答每个问题的概率都是0.8,且每个问题的回答结果相互独立,则该选手恰好回答了4个问题就晋级下一轮的概率等于________.解析:此选手恰好回答4个问题就晋级下一轮,说明此选手第2个问题回答错误,第3、第4个问题均回答正确,第1个问题答对答错都可以.因为每个问题的回答结果相互独立,故所求的概率为1×0.2×0.82=0.128.答案:0.1287.某项选拔共有四轮考核,每轮设有一个问题,能正确回答者进入下一轮考核,否则即被淘汰.已知某选手能正确回答第一、二、三、四轮的问题的概率分别为0.6,0.4,0.5,0.2.已知各轮问题能否正确回答互不影响.(1)求该选手被淘汰的概率;(2)求该选手在选拔中至少回答了2个问题后最终被淘汰的概率.解:记“该选手能正确回答第i轮的问题”为事件A i(i=1,2,3,4),则P(A1)=0.6,P(A2)=0.4,P(A3)=0.5,P(A4)=0.2.(1)法一:该选手被淘汰的概率:P=P(A1∪A1A2∪A1A2A3∪A1A2A3A4)=P(A1)+P(A1)P(A2)+P(A1)P(A2)P(A3)+P(A1)P(A2)P(A3)P(A4)=0.4+0.6×0.6+0.6×0.4×0.5+0.6×0.4×0.5×0.8=0.976.法二:P=1-P(A1A2A3A4)=1-P(A1)P(A2)·P(A3)·P(A4)=1-0.6×0.4×0.5×0.2=1-0.024=0.976.(2)法一:P=P(A1A2∪A1A2A3∪A1A2A3A4)=P(A1)P(A2)+P(A1)P(A2)P(A3)+P(A1)P(A2)P(A3)P(A4)=0.6×0.6+0.6×0.4×0.5+0.6×0.4×0.5×0.8=0.576.法二:P=1-P(A1)-P(A1A2A3A4)=1-(1-0.6)-0.6×0.4×0.5×0.2=0.576.8.(全国卷Ⅱ)某公司为了解用户对其产品的满意度,从A,B两地区分别随机调查了20个用户,得到用户对产品的满意度评分如下:A地区:6273819295857464537678869566977888827689B地区:7383625191465373648293486581745654766579(1)根据两组数据完成两地区用户满意度评分的茎叶图,并通过茎叶图比较两地区满意度评分的平均值及分散程度(不要求计算出具体值,给出结论即可);(2)根据用户满意度评分,将用户的满意度从低到高分为三个等级:记事件C:“A地区用户的满意度等级高于B地区用户的满意度等级”.假设两地区用户的评价结果相互独立.根据所给数据,以事件发生的频率作为相应事件发生的概率,求C的概率.解:(1)两地区用户满意度评分的茎叶图如下:通过茎叶图可以看出,A地区用户满意度评分的平均值高于B地区用户满意度评分的平均值;A地区用户满意度评分比较集中,B地区用户满意度评分比较分散.(2)记C A1表示事件:“A地区用户的满意度等级为满意或非常满意”;C A2表示事件:“A地区用户的满意度等级为非常满意”;C B1表示事件:“B地区用户的满意度等级为不满意”;C B2表示事件:“B地区用户的满意度等级为满意”,则C A1与C B1独立,C A2与C B2独立,C B1与C B2互斥,C=C B1C A1∪C B2C A2.P(C)=P(C B1C A1∪C B2C A2)=P(C B1C A1)+P(C B2C A2)=P(C B1)P(C A1)+P(C B2)P(C A2).由所给数据得C A1,C A2,C B1,C B2发生的频率分别为1620,420,1020,820,故P(C A1)=1620,P(C A2)=420,P(C B1)=1020,P(C B2)=820,P(C)=1020×1620+820×420=0.48.。
课时跟踪检测(三)Learning about Language & Using LanguageⅠ.单词拼写或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.He suggested that we take adequate (充足的) food for the holiday.2.Not being able to find a travel companion (同伴), Li Ping had to go alone.3.He felt a great sense of pride when he received the graduation certificate (证书).4.Factories are spreading outwards (向外) from the old heart of the town.5.The two communities (社区) are separated by a highway.6.She offered me practical assistance (assist) with my research.7.I suspect that he was dismissed for political (politics) reasons.8.The library is accessible (access) to the students, where they have access to good books.9.Congratulations (congratulate) poured in from around the world during the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.10.She worked hard so that she could win her father's approval (approve).Ⅱ.选词填空I'd just like to wish him all_the_best in his new job.2.No matter what difficulty you meet_with,_carry out your plan.3.Maybe one day he will make_it to the Olympics!4.I mentioned that point in_particular,_for it was quite important.5.We've heard that most people here go to work by bicycle rather_than by bus.6.—I'm sorry I broke your vase.—Never_mind. I can buy a new one.7.I'm afraid your parents won't approve_of your going there.8.Only a few people have_access_to the full facts of the case.9.We want you to reconsider your decision to resign_from the board.10.Having been the monitor of my class, I think I am_adequate_for the job.Ⅲ.完成句子1.According to a UN report, 30 percent of the world population have_no_access_toclean drinking water and health care.根据联合国的一份报告,世界上30%的人用不上干净的饮用水和医疗保健。
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跟踪检测·强化提升Ⅰ. 语境填词1. Fortunately, someone who happened to be passing by called the fire department ________(instant) the fire broke out.2. I can’t tolerate ________(work) with Jane, because she is constantly speaking.3. The new plane is equipped with accurate electronic ________ (guide) system.4. They are putting ________ (press)on people to vote yes.5. All passengers on board are expected ________(fasten) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.6. The city of Hangzhou is really an ________ place. Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an ________ on the visitors. I was strongly ________ by its beauty the first time I saw it. (impress)7. He walked in the ________ villages and found the ________ very comfortable to live in. (surround)8. We’ve got to ________ our students, because the stronger the ________ is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.(motivate)9. When hunting for a job, it is useful to have ________ career experience, which means that you have done the same kind of job ________. (previous)10. Are your opinions ________ of the other students? In other words, do you ________ your fellow students to say that? (representative)答案:1. instantly 2. working 3. guidance4. pressure5. to fasten6. impressive;impression;impressed7. surrounding ;surroundings8. motivate;motivation9. previous;previously10. representative;representⅡ. 单句改错1. In the case of fire, please break the glass. ( )2. Giving the right kind of training, these young soccer players may grow into international stars. 世纪金榜导学号79060113( )3. Please inform us with the exact date of father’s arrival. ( )4. She has the determination that her brother lacks of.( )5. Sales director is a position which communication ability is just as important as sales skills. (which改为where)6. Worrying about this journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.( )7. She spoke very confidently because she wanted to make a great impression at her employer. ( )8. Whether a child can grow up healthily or not depends on the surrounding in which he lives. ( )答案:1. 去掉第一个the2. Giving改为Given3. with改为of4. 去掉of5. which改为where6. Worrying改为Worried7. at改为on8. surrounding改为surroundingsⅢ. 选词填空be similar to, take up, lose sight of, sweep up, speed up1. I watched the plane go higher and higher until I ________ it.2. Tom thought carefully for several days and decided to ________ the job.3. The Voice of China ________ Chinese Idol in some ways.4. You’ll have to ________ your car, or you will never be able to catch up with him.5. A heavy snowstorm ________ all the northern part of this province lastweek.答案:1. lost sight of2. take up3. is similar to4. speed up5. swept upⅣ. 完成句子1. They listened to the lecture from space delivered by Wang Yaping, China’s second female astronaut, __________________.他们倾听了中国第二位女航天员王亚平的太空授课, 既高兴又兴奋。
2019-2020年高中生物人教版选修1教学案:专题一课题3 制作泡菜并检测亚硝酸盐含量(含答案)1.乳酸菌为厌氧菌,在无氧条件下可将葡萄糖分解为乳酸。
2.测定亚硝酸盐含量用比色法。
即在盐酸酸化条件下,亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酸发生重氮化反应后,与N-1-萘基乙二胺盐酸盐结合形成玫瑰红色染料。
将显色反应后的样品与已知浓度的标准显色液进行目测比较,可以大致估算出泡菜中亚硝酸盐的含量。
3.泡菜制作的实验流程:原料加工→配制盐水→装坛→封坛发酵→成品4.在泡菜的腌制过程中,温度过高、食盐用量过低、腌制时间过短,容易造成细菌大量繁殖,亚硝酸盐含量增加。
5.在发酵过程中,亚硝酸盐含量先增加后降低。
一、泡菜制作的原理1.菌种:乳酸菌。
(1)分布:广泛分布在空气、土壤、植物体表、人或动物的肠道等处。
(2)代谢类型:异养厌氧型。
(3)常见种类:乳酸链球菌和乳酸杆菌。
其中乳酸杆菌常用于生产酸奶。
2.发酵原理:乳酸菌在无氧条件下,将葡萄糖分解为乳酸。
二、亚硝酸盐1.物理性质:白色粉末,易溶于水。
2.分布:广泛分布于蔬菜、咸菜和豆粉等食品中。
3.危害:绝大多数随尿排出,但在特定条件下,即适宜的pH、温度和一定的微生物作用下,会转变为致癌物——亚硝胺。
三、泡菜的制作1.实验流程(1)原料加工:选取新鲜的蔬菜,进行修整、洗涤、晾晒,切分成条状或片状。
(2)配制盐水:按清水与盐的质量比为4∶1的比例配制好后煮沸冷却备用。
(3)装坛:将经过预处理的蔬菜装入坛内,装至半坛时,放入调味品,继续装至八成满,再徐徐注入配制好的盐水,使其没过全部菜料。
(4)封坛发酵:盖好坛盖,在坛盖边沿的水槽中注满水,以保证坛内乳酸菌发酵所需的无氧环境。
发酵时间长短受室内温度的影响。
2.腌制条件在腌制过程中,要控制腌制的时间、温度和食盐的用量。
温度过高、食盐用量过低、腌制时间过短,容易造成细菌大量繁殖,亚硝酸盐含量增加。
四、亚硝酸盐含量的测定1.测定原理:在盐酸酸化条件下,亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酸发生重氮化反应后,与N-1-萘基乙二胺盐酸盐结合形成玫瑰红色染料。
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跟踪检测·强化提升【对点语境练】Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2018·长沙模拟)Road safety has aroused _____ (wide) attentionof the public than before.2. (2018·昆明模拟)Half an hour _____(late), I managed to findthe correctanswer.3. Secondly, if you don’t want to waste time, divide the group taskamong all group members to make the job _____ (easy).4. English is _____(wide) used in governments, markets, service centers and other fields.5. The other two had run away, but they followed the big man _____ (close) and caught him.6. (2018·包头模拟)College-educated people vote more, give moreto charity, and rely _____ (little) on government support.7. It’s crazy of you to spend _____ (much) time playing computer games than studying.8. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _____ (clean) than ever.答案:1. wider2. later3. easier4. widely5. closely6. less7. more8. cleanerⅡ. 单句改错1. I had never seen a lake beautiful than this before.)2. (2018·太原模拟)I even have a large vocabulary than before.( )3. (2018·衡水模拟) And if you decide to take Dr Klein’s advice, you can make yourself even happy by recommending the technique to others.( )4. On that day, thousands of alumni returned back for the big occasion.( )5. That’s a really wonderful film. It is very worth seeing again.( )6. Now I realize that the process of learning is much more important and my English is more better than before. ( )7. (2018·昆明模拟)The scientists say they find that when trees are under attack by disease or pests, near trees take the same defensive actions as the trees being attacked. ( )8. (2018·南阳模拟) I have been used to carrying small bags with meto many of the places I go to. When seeing someone might need a smile I just hand him a bag and say “have a nicer day”.( )答案:1.在beautiful前加more2. large→larger3. happy→happier4.去掉back5. very→well6.第二个more→much7. near→nearby8. nicer→nice【综合语篇练】Ⅰ.阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
人教版高中语文选修《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》第五单元《文与可画筼筜谷偃竹记》同步检测一、基础巩固1.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是A.袜材当萃.于子矣萃:聚集。
B.书尾复写一诗,其略.云略:简略,与“详”相对。
C.吾言妄.矣,世岂有万尺竹哉妄:荒谬。
D.苏子辩.矣辩:能说会道。
解析:B项,略:大概,大致。
2.下列各组句子中,加点的词的意义和用法不相同的一组是(B)A.①轮扁,斫轮者也,而读书者与.之②夫子喟然叹曰:“吾与.点也。
”B.①四方之人持缣素而请者,足相蹑.于其门②蹑.迹披求,见有虫伏棘根C.①与可无以..答,则曰②故不积跬步,无以..至千里D.①发.函得诗,失笑喷饭满案②窥父.不在,窃发盆解析:B项,“蹑”①“踩”,②“跟踪,追随”;A项,“与”都是“赞同,同意”的意思;C项,“无以”都是“没有用来”的意思;D项,“发”都是“打开”的意思。
3.下列句子分别编为四组,全能体现艺术创作思想的一组是①故画竹,必先得成竹于胸中,执笔熟视,乃见其所欲画者,急起从之,振笔直遂,以追其所见,如兔起鹘落,少纵则逝矣。
②故凡有见于中而操之不熟者,平居自视了然,而临事忽焉丧之,岂独竹乎?③今夫夫子之托于斯竹也,而予以为有道者,则非耶?④吾言妄矣,世岂有万尺竹哉!⑤此竹数尺耳,而有万尺之势。
⑥汉川修竹贱如蓬,斤斧何曾赦箨龙。
料得清贫馋太守,渭滨千亩在胸中。
A.①②⑤B.③④⑥C.③⑤⑥D.①②④解析:A ①是“胸有成竹”;②是“心手相应”;⑤是“尺幅千里”。
4.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是A.本文先总结文与可的绘画理论,陈述自己的体会和主张;再借子由的话进一步赞赏文与可的绘画技巧,指出意与道的密切联系;然后介绍文与可画竹逸事和平易而不从俗的品德,回忆和他相交往的情趣;最后说明写作此文的缘由。
B.本文通过记述文与可将求画者的缣素视为袜材,关于“万尺竹”的辩论,以诗画互赠引起的笑谈等轶事表现了文与可豁达、爽朗、风趣的个性,以及与作者亲厚无间的情谊。
课题1植物芳香油的提取1.植物芳香油的来源、特点。
樟油,樟树树干用于提取玫瑰油来源:植物器官,如玫瑰花用于提取)(1(2)特点:;挥发性具有很强的①。
衍生物及其萜类化合物成分较复杂,主要包括②2.植物芳香油的提取方法的特点。
植物原料不同方法的选用依据:)(1(2)提取方法: ①蒸馏法:,冷却后,混合物又会重新油水混合物香油携带出来,形成的植物芳挥发性较强.原理:利用水蒸气将a 。
水层和油层分出的位置。
原料放置.分类依据:蒸馏过程中b。
水气蒸馏、水上蒸馏和水中蒸馏类型:水解等问题,因此对柑橘、柠檬等原料不适用。
有效成分和原料焦糊.局限性:由于水中蒸馏会导致c的制备。
柠檬芳香油、柑橘压榨法:主要适用于②1.植物芳香油具有很强的挥发性,主要包括萜类化合物及其衍生物。
2.植物芳香油的提取方法有蒸馏、压榨和萃取等。
3.玫瑰精油的提取一般用水蒸气蒸馏法。
其流程是:4.橘皮精油的提取一般用压榨法。
其流程是:石灰水浸泡→漂洗→压榨→过滤→静置→再次过滤→橘皮油。
1.橘皮精油的提取能否选用水中蒸馏法?为什么?提示:不可以。
因为水中蒸馏会导致原料焦糊和有效成分水解等问题。
2.玫瑰精油的提取能否用萃取法?为什么?提示:可以。
玫瑰精油不溶于水,易溶于有机溶剂。
[跟随名师·解疑难] 三种提取方法的归纳比较](1)采用的方法是由植物原料的特点决定的。
(2)虽然三种方法的原理和操作过程不同,但都有过滤提纯这一环节。
1.玫瑰精油的提取的主要成分。
高级香水用途:是制作)(1,能随水蒸气一同蒸馏。
有机溶剂,易溶于水,难溶于稳定性质:化学性质)(2(3)方法⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧①水蒸气蒸馏法②萃取法(4)流程:2.橘皮精油的提取。
压榨法提取方法:一般为)(1(2)基本实验流程:(3)压榨前用到的试剂及作用:试剂是石灰水,经其浸泡有以下效果:。
果胶,分解细胞结构能破坏①。
滑脱防止橘皮压榨时②。
出油率提高③(4)压榨时加入的试剂及作用:。
高考英语一轮跟踪检测强化提升选修8Unit5Word版含答案跟踪检测·强化提升Ⅰ. 语境填词1. I have been so busy that I have no time to clean the ___________, so the house looks very___________. (mess)2. The old man was ___________ to death. People felt pity for his ___________. (starve)世纪金榜导学号790601973. It was first ___________ that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false ___________. (assume)4. “Give her a big round of ___________! ” said the mon itor,___________ the famous singer excitedly. (applaud)5. You don't need an ___________ and all you need is proper ___________ so that the guards can___________ you. (identify) 6. There is an old temple in my hometown, which dates back___________MingDynasty.Thetempleisofgreat___________(significant) to the study of the Buddhism of that period.We have no alternative but ___________(protect) it regardless___________what happens. Anyone who tries to damage it will be punished or even___________(arrest).7. It is generally ___________(认为) that we can keep in touch with others with mobile phones wherever we are. However, if the call is really about “nothing”, then why is it so important as to ___________(打断) your studies and waste your precious time? ___________(要是……就好了)we students concentrated more attention on our studies! 答案:1. mess; messy 2. starved; starvation 3. assumed;assumption 4. applause ;applauding5. identity; identification; identify6. to ; significance ;to protect ; of ;arrested7. assumed; interrupt; If only Ⅱ. 单句改错1. I had no alternative but report him to the headteacher.世纪金榜导学号79060198( )2. Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.( )3. He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind.( )4. I'm very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you.( )5. The significance attaching to a national day is very different from country to country.( ) 答案: 1. report前加to2. Assumed→Assuming/Assum e3. anyhow→somehow4.去掉with5. attaching→attachedⅢ. 完成句子1. He said, _____________________. (if only) 他说, 要是当时闹钟响了就好了。
课时跟踪检测(一)果酒和果醋的制作一、选择题1.与酵母菌相比,醋酸菌具有的特点是()A.无线粒体,只能通过无氧呼吸获得能量B.无核糖体,只能依靠宿主细胞合成蛋白质C.无细胞核,只能通过出芽生殖方式繁殖后代D.无染色体,只能在DNA水平上产生可遗传变异[解析]选D醋酸菌是原核生物,虽无线粒体,但仍可进行有氧呼吸;无论原核生物还是真核生物,均含有核糖体,核糖体是合成蛋白质的场所;醋酸菌是原核生物,无成形的细胞核,其增殖方式是二分裂;醋酸菌是原核生物,无染色体,不可能产生染色体变异,只能在DNA水平上产生可遗传变异。
2.可用来检验果汁酒精发酵产物的是()①酸性重铬酸钾溶液②碱性重铬酸钾溶液③澄清的石灰水④斐林试剂A.①③B.②③C.②③④D.①②④[解析]选A果汁酒精发酵的产物有酒精和CO2。
酒精可以用酸性重铬酸钾溶液进行检验,呈现灰绿色;CO2可使澄清的石灰水变浑浊。
3.果酒以其独特的风味、制作方便和绿色环保等特点深受人们的喜爱。
下列有关果酒制作的叙述,错误的是()A.接种酵母菌后,应先通气一段时间,再隔绝空气B.为了避免杂菌污染,在实际生产过程中可以直接接种纯种的酵母菌C.为防止葡萄腐烂,可将发酵装置存放在4 ℃的环境中D.在适宜的条件下,时间应控制在10~12 d[解析]选C果酒制作过程中应先通入空气,使酵母菌进行有氧呼吸而大量繁殖,然后再密封使酵母菌进行无氧呼吸产生酒精;果酒发酵应将温度控制在18~25 ℃,时间一般控制在10~12 d。
4.将图中果酒发酵装置改装后用于探究酵母菌呼吸方式的实验,下列相关操作错误的是()A.探究有氧条件下酵母菌呼吸方式时打开阀aB.经管口3取样检测酒精和CO2的产生情况C.实验开始前对改装后整个装置进行气密性检查D.改装时将盛有澄清石灰水的试剂瓶与管口2连通[解析]选B题图中管口1为进气口,管口2为排气口,管口3为出料口,可以检查液体中的成分。
打开阀a可保证O2的供应;经管口3取样只能检测酒精的产生情况;实验开始前整个装置需进行气密性检查,确保有氧、无氧条件只是通过管口1控制的;管口2连通装有澄清石灰水的试剂瓶,通过观察澄清石灰水的浑浊程度来检测CO2的产生情况。
跟踪检测·强化提升
Ⅰ. 语境填词
1. I have been so busy that I have no time to clean the ___________, so the house looks very ___________. (mess)
2. The old man was ___________ to death. People felt pity for his ___________. (starve)
3. It was first ___________ that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false ___________. (assume)
4. “Give her a big round of ___________! ” said the monitor, ___________ the famous singer excitedly. (applaud)
5. You don’t need an ___________ and all you need is proper ___________ so that the guards can ___________ you. (identify)
6. There is an old temple in my hometown, which dates back ___________ Ming Dynasty. The temple is of great ___________(significant) to the study of the Buddhism of that period. We have no alternative but ___________(protect) it regardless ___________what happens. Anyone who tries to damage it will be punished or even ___________(arrest).
7. It is generally ___________(认为) that we can keep in touch with others with mobile phones wherever we are. However, if the call is really about “nothing”, then why is it so important as to ___________(打
断) your studies and waste your precious time? ___________(要是……就好了)we students concentrated more attention on our studies!
答案:1. mess; messy
2. starved; starvation
3. assumed; assumption
4. applause ;applauding
5. identity; identification; identify
6. to ; significance ;to protect ; of ;arrested
7. assumed; interrupt; If only
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1. I had no alternative but report him to the headteacher.
) 2. Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.
( ) 3. He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind. ( )
4. I’m very sorry to interrupt with you, but I ha ve something very important to tell you. ( )
5. The significance attaching to a national day is very different from country to country. ( )
答案: 1. report前加to
2. Assumed→Assuming/Assume
3. anyhow→somehow
4.去掉with
5. attaching→attached
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. He said, _____________________. (if only)
他说, 要是当时闹钟响了就好了。
2. Mr Green _____________________for his being rude at the meeting
yesterday, didn’t he? (must have done)
格林先生一定因为昨天在会上鲁莽的行为被处罚了, 是吗?
3. They _____________________ I returned to the village. (had done . . . when . . . )
当我返回村子时,人们已将大火扑灭。
4. I hurried to the post office, _____________________. (only to do) 我匆匆地赶去邮局, 却发现它已经关门了。
5. _____________________, they could deal with the problem efficiently. (分词短语作状语)
由于对形势的深刻了解, 他们有效地处理了问题。
答案: 1. if only the alarm clock had rung
2. must have been punished
3. had already put the fire out when
4. only to find it closed
5. Having known the situation well
选用方框中短语的适当形式填空
1. She ____________what was going on around then.
2. In the end, I just ____________ his constant complaining.
3. The history of this country can ____________ the Stone Age.
4. He continued speaking, ____________ my feelings about the matter.
5. The passengers all sighed ____________ when the plane finally landed safely.
6. The little boy is required to play computer games for____________2 hours a day.
7. Whenever we are in trouble, we must ____________and encourage ourselves.
8. There was only one piece of candy, so she____________ it ____________into little pieces and gave them to the children.
答案: 1. was aware of
2. got/was fed up with
3. date back to
4. regardless of
5. with relief
6. at most
7. look ahead
8. cut ; up。