公共英语-公共英语五级分类模拟题jobancupation.doc

全国公共英语等级考试第五级(pets5)应试指南与模拟试题Preparing for the National Public English Test (PETS) Level 5 can be adaunting task for many English learners. This exam is designed to assess a candidate's ability to communicate in English in a variety of everyday situations. To succeed in this exam, candidates need to have a strong grasp of English grammar, vocabulary, and communication skills. In this guide, we will provide you with some tips and strategies to help you prepare for the PETS Level 5 exam, as well as some sample questions to give you an idea of what to expect. First and foremost, it is important to have a good understanding of English grammar and vocabulary. This includes being familiar with different tenses, sentence structures, and word forms.A strong foundation in grammar and vocabulary will not only help you understandthe questions on the exam, but also enable you to express yourself more clearlyand accurately in the speaking and writing sections. To improve your grammar and vocabulary, it is recommended to practice regularly with exercises and drills, as well as to read and listen to a wide variety of English materials such as books, newspapers, and podcasts. In addition to grammar and vocabulary, it is essential to develop strong communication skills for the PETS Level 5 exam. This includesthe ability to engage in conversations, express opinions, and present information coherently. To improve your communication skills, it is important to practice speaking and writing in English as much as possible. You can do this by participating in English conversation groups, finding a language exchange partner, or simply speaking and writing in English with friends and family. It is also helpful to watch English movies and TV shows, as well as to listen to Englishradio and music to expose yourself to different accents and styles of English communication. Furthermore, it is crucial to familiarize yourself with the format and types of questions that will appear on the PETS Level 5 exam. The examconsists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each section assesses different aspects of your English language skills. For the listening section, you will need to practice listening to English conversations and lectures, and be able to understand main ideas, details, and specific information. Thereading section requires you to read and comprehend different types of texts, such as news articles, advertisements, and letters. The writing section assesses your ability to write essays, letters, and reports on various topics. Lastly, the speaking section evaluates your ability to engage in conversations, express opinions, and give presentations. To prepare for the PETS Level 5 exam, it is recommended to practice with past exam papers and sample questions. This will help you become familiar with the types of questions that may appear on the exam, as well as the time constraints for each section. It is also helpful to seek feedback from a teacher or tutor on your performance, and to identify areas for improvement. Additionally, you can consider taking a preparation course or hiring a privatetutor to help you with your studies. In conclusion, preparing for the PETS Level5 exam requires a strong foundation in English grammar, vocabulary, and communication skills. It is essential to practice regularly, familiarize yourself with the exam format, and seek feedback on your performance. With dedication and hard work, you can improve your English language abilities and succeed in the PETS Level 5 exam. Good luck!。

全国公共英语等级（PETS）考试五级模拟试题this section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken english. you will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. there are three parts in this section, part a , part b and part c.remember, while you are doing the test, you should first answer the questions in your test booklet, not on the answer sheet. at the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto answer sheet 1.if you have any questions, you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.part a you will hear a conversation between a student, mr. wang, and his tutor, dr. wilson. as you listen, answer questions 1 to 10 by circling true or false. you will hear the conversation only once. you now have 60 seconds to read questions 1-10.1. dr. wilson and mr. wang have met before. true / false2. wang prefers to live with an english family. true / false3. wang intends to study how computer is used for languagetranslation. true / false4. back in his own country mr. wang studied c-language and chemistry. true / false5. wang has some experience in cad. true / false6. dr. wilson is satisfied with wang's past experience. true / false7. wang has little knowledge of the phonetic processing system. true / false8. wang decides to take courses and pass exams. true / false9. dr. wilson suggests that wang should extend his stay at the university. true / false10. dr. wilson asks wang to do a little more research before deciding on his project. true / false tapescript:wmw[hearing a knock on the door] come in please.good morning dr. wilson.good morning wang. so nice to see you again. take a seat...why don't you, please. when did you get to the university?mwmi arrived yesterday.well... are you living in the college?no, i am with an english family...actually...because i want to improve my speaking.wmwoh, fine. right, did you take a language proficiency test before you came?yes. uhh...my overall band is 6, but...unfortunately my speaking is only 5.ok, you know, here in this university, you have to take our own english test before you attend any lectures. so, first of all, what we've got to do is, we have to make an arrangement for the test date. umm...will tomorrow be all right for you?mwyeah, i have time tomorrow morning.good, then. tomorrow at ten. i don't think the test will be any problem for you. now, let's make sure you make full use of your time here. let's put it like this. what exactly do you want to accomplish in the next 12 months?mi'm interested in computer language translation, i mean, from english to chinese and chinese to english. i'll try, if possible, to produce a software or a device which can serve as an interpreter.wmyes, could you be a bit more specific about...er...the device?for instance, when, you talk to the device in english it will translate your words into chinese and vice versa.wmwmwuhuh...do you mean it'll be as competent as...er... a human interpreter?yes... well, i'll let it deal with general situations, at least.fascinating... and how big will the device itself be, do you think?the size of a cigarette pack, i think. so people can put it in their pocket.really. well, that could be a ph. d project. tell me what you have done so far.in my four years of undergraduate study, i studied electronics, advancedmmathematics, hardware designing, some computer languages and program writing.yes, but have you done anypractical jobs? i mean, have you written anywprograms for practical use?i was involved in a project for cad in a shipyard.mwthe computer aided design. that was probably agood experience, but, unfortunately, it may not help your present project much. are you familiar with c-language?no.mwuhuh... the phonetic processing system, do you know how such a system works?what do you mean by "phonetic processing system?"mwwell, you know, english is spoken by different people with different accents. your english accent is different from mine, and of course mine is not the same as my colleagues'. so as i see it, your device would have to be able to recognise and understand different accents.oh, i see. i think i can learn c-language and a phonetic processing systemmhere.well, that's probably true, but you've got only 12 months and you want awdegree, don't you?yes.mwok, so there're two ways of studying for a degree here. you either take six courses, pass their exams and have your dissertation accepted or the other way is you do some research work and submit your project report.mwmwi think i'll take the second way.fine, but are you sure you can finish your project in 12 months?i don't know, but i can work 12 hours a day and 7 days a week.well, i'd suggest you spend some time in our library, trying to find out what other students have done before and perhaps re-consider your own project, to some extent. you might narrow your research area, concentrating on solvingone or two major problems. and, it'd be a good idea to talk to your colleagues in the lab, first. anyway, i'm sure we can work out something good. shall i see you again in three days' time?all right. i'll go away and do some thinking. then i'll talk to you about mymnew plan.good. see you then.wmthank you. bye-bye.you now have 20 seconds to check your answers to questions 1 - 10.that is the end of part apart b: you will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing a, b, c or d. you will hear the recording only once.questions 1 - 3 are based on the following talk. you now have 15 seconds to read questions 1 - 3.1. what does the speaker suggest that the students should do during the term?[a] consult with her frequently.[b] use the computer regularly.[c] occupy the computer early.[d] wait for one's turn patiently.2. what service must be paid for?[a] computer classes.[b] training sessions.[c] laser printing.[d] package borrowing.3. what is the talk mainly about?[a] computer lab services.[b] college library facilities.[c] the use of micro-computers.[d] printouts from the laser printer.tapescriptright, everybody. welcome to central college library services. my name's kathy jenkins. i'll give you a brief introduction to the library. we have a well-stocked bank of resources which are in three main locations: the library itself, with books and periodicals; the self-access language centre, with audio and video material; and the micro-computer lab. i'll start with the micro-computer lab, or micro-lab as we call it. it is fitted with 24 personal computers.if you are a member of the library, you may borrow call discs in french, german, italian, spanish and russian as well as english. by the way, call stands for computer aided language learning: c a double l, "call", for short. you may also borrow a range of word processing and desktop publishing packages. all disks are, of course, strictly for use in the micro-lab only. if you wish to print anything you should use one of the five machines around the outside of the room. four are connected to dot matrix printers, one is connected to the laser printer. if you want a top quality printout from the laser printer, come and see myself or any of the library staff. dot-matrix printouts are free but there is a charge for using the laser printer.there is always a queue to get to the terminals towardsthe end of term. come in and get to know how to use the computers early in the term and use them regularly, rather than just before exams and essay deadlines, in order to avoid delay or disappointment. training sessions are held on a regular basis, on the first and third thursday of each month, and are free to full-time students of the college. see you there. now, any questions?you now have 30 seconds to check your answers to questions 1 - 3.part c you will hear a talk given by a university lecturer. as you listen, you must answer questions 1 -10 by writing no more than three words in the space provided on the right. you will hear the talk twice.you now have 60 seconds to read questions 1 to 10.1. what's the average annual increase of foreign student population in the period between 1985 and 1990 in terms of percentage?2. which part of the world contributed to an increase between 94/95 and 95/96?3. when will the speaker talk about the economic and political changes?4. what will the speaker discuss first?5. where do the three largest groups of students come from?6. what's the number of students from malaysia?7. which is the most popular field of study?8. what'sthe percentage of students in business and management?9. in terms of academic levels, in which level do we find the smallest number?10. in summary, what did the speaker talk about?tapescriptfor those of you who are either already studying in the united states or plan to one day, it might be interesting to know something about the foreign student population in the united states. for the academic year 1995/96 there was a total of approximately 344,000 foreign students studying in the united states. this figure of 344,000 may seem like a very large number until you compare it with the total population of 241,000,000. the foreign student population has been growing for a number of years and is still growing, but the rate of increase has dropped sharply during the 1990s. during the 1980s, the population grew quite rapidly. for example, between 1985 and 1990, the average yearly increase was 12.5%. however, the picture in the 1990s is quite different. the rate of increase has declined quite noticeably. in fact, the rate of increase between 1994/95 and 1995/96 was only .5%, or one-half of one percent. although the overall rate of increase has dropped to only .5%, the number of students from some parts of the world is increasing while the number of studentsfrom other areas is decreasing. for example, during this same time period, that is between the academic years 94/95 and 95/96, there was a decrease in the number of students from the middle east, while the number of students from south and east asia increased. these changes in the number of students coming from different parts of the world no doubt reflected changing economic and political situations. i'm sure you are aware of many of these changes, and perhaps we can discuss them at our next meeting. for today let's confine our talk to first, a discussion of the origin of these students, or, in other words, where they come from; second, the kinds of studies they pursue; and, finally, the academic levels they are found in. if we have a little time left, we might quickly discuss in which geographic areas most of them go to school.let's discuss the origins of the foreign student population in the united states for the academic year 1995/96. let's discuss it in order from those areas sending the most students to those areas sending the fewest students. if we look at the figures provided by the annual census of foreign students in the united states for the year 1995/96, we see that most of the foreign students studying in the united states during this year were from south and east asia. this is a rather largegeographical area which includes such countries as china, korea, pakistan, india, malaysia, and indonesia. the total number of students from this area, south and east asia was 156,830. in other words, roughly 2 out of every 5 foreign students come from south and east asia. almost 24,000 of this total were from china. malaysia was close behind with just a little over 23,000 students. the next largest number of students came from the middle east. the number of students from the middle east came to about one-third the number from south and east asia. the fourth largest number came from south america. next came europe, africa, north america, and oceania. let's recapitulate what we've said. the largest number of students studying in the united states during the academic year 1995/96 were from south and east asia, followed by the middle east, south america, europe, africa, north america, and oceania.what fields are these large numbers of foreign students studying in? it probably won't surprise you to learn that the largest number are in the field of engineering. in fact, 21.7% of the total number are studying engineering. business and management is close behind, however, with a total of 18.9%.the third most popular field was mathematics and computer sciences with 10.3%. as you can see, engineering with 21.7%, business and management with 18.9%, and mathematics and computer sciences with 10.3% comprise about one half of the total number of foreign students.let's talk about which academic levels these students can be found in. foreign students can be found studying at all levels of higher education. as you might expect, the greatest number of them are studying at the undergraduate level ? approximately 158,000. the second largest group study at the graduate level and that number is just under 122,000. the rest study at junior colleges or in non-degree programs. it is at the graduate level that foreign students have the most impact. while foreign students comprise only 2.7% of the total u.s. student population, they account for 8.7% of all the graduate students studying at u. s. institutions. let me give you those percentages again so you can get a better feel for the overall picture. foreign students make up only 2.75 of the total u. s. student population, but they make up 8.7% of the total graduate student population.well, i see that's all the time we have today. we'll have to leave discussions of the geographic areas these students studyin until another time.now you are going to hear the talk a second time.repeat the textyou now have 3 minutes to check your answers to questions 1 - 10.that is the end of part c. you now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to answer sheet 1.that is the end of listening comprehension.section ii:use of englishread the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with one suitable word. write your answers on answer sheet 1.children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations,(1) _____ to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect educational achievement.the survey of 643 children and adults, aged from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests(2) _____ pen-holding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far(3) ______ attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style.stephanie thomas, a learning support teacher(4) ______ findings have been published, was inspired to investigate this area(5) _______ she noticed that those pupils who had the most trouble with spelling(6) ______ had a poor pen grip. while ms. thomas could not establish a significant statistical link(7) ______ pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, she(8) ______ find huge differences in technique between the young children and the mature adults, and a definite(9) ________ between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing.people who(10) ______ their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics(11) ______ inhibit learning,(12) _______ as poor posture, leaning too(13) ______ to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen(14) ______ than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure(15) ______ is being written.ms. thomas believes that the(16) ______ between older and younger writers is(17) ________ too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow(18) ________. she attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between(19) _______ groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. "the 30-year-olds showed a huge range of grips,(20) ________ the over 40s group all had a uniform 'tripod' grip."section iii: reading comprehensionpart a read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1.[1][2][3][4]下一页全国公共英语等级（PETS）考试五级模拟试题相关内容:。

公共英语pets五级模拟训练题2017年公共英语pets五级模拟训练题当理想离你越来越近，只要再奋斗一下，踏实的再走一步，实现理想的人就是成功的人，成功的人一定曾真心实意的'对待过自己的理想，并且为了实现这个理想他可能通过精心策划，反复的磨练自己的心理承受能力与各方面的防御力。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理2017年公共英语pets五级模拟训练题，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _____ the developments and recorded every detail.A) in B) at C) for D) on2. There’s little chance that mankind would ________ a nuclear war.A) retain B) endure C) maintain D) survive3. Nuclear science be developed to benefit the people ________ harm them.A) more than B) other than C) rather than D) better than4. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ________ to be a great disappointment.A) turned up B) turned in C) turned out D) turned down5. Many difficulties have ________ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A) risen B) arisen C) raised D) arrived6. He made such a ________ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A) genuine B) minimum C) modest D) generous7. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly ________.A) gaps B) intervals C) length D) distance8. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are________.A) out of work B) out of stock C) out of reach D) out of practice9. Our company decided to ________ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A) destroy B) resist C) assume D) cancel10. She is ________ a musician than her brother.A) much of B) much as C) more of D) more as答案：1-5 DDCCB6-10 DBBDA21. It does not alter the fact that he was the man ________ for the death of the little girl.A) accounting B) guilty C) responsible D) obliged22. Medical care reform has become this country’s most important public health ________.A) question B) stuff C) matter D) issue23. Not that John doesn’t want to help you, ________ it’s beyond his power.A) but that B) for that C) and that D) in that24. I used to smoke ________ but I gave it up three years ago.A) seriously B) heavily C) badly D) severely25. The doctor told Penny that too much ________ to the sun is bad for the skin.A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D) expansion答案：21-25 CCABAA。

公共英语PETS五级模拟试题及答案2016年公共英语PETS五级模拟试题及答案Section Ⅱ Use of English (15 minutes)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWER SHEET 1.TextWhat do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 26 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 27 two speakers speak in exactly the same 28 . We can always hear differences 29 them, and the pronunciation of English 30 a great deal in different geographical 31 . How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 32? This is not a question that can be 33 in the same way for all foreign learners of English.34 you live in a part of the world 35 India for West Africa, where there is a long 36 of speaking English for general communication purpose, you should 37 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be 38 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 39 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 40 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 41 your model some form of 42 English pronunciation. It does not 43 very much which form you choose. The most 44 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 45 most often.26.A.meaningB.SenseC.caseD.situation27.A.NotB.NoC.NoneD.Nor28.A.typeB.FormC.sortD.way29.A.betweenB.AmongC.ofD.from30.A.changesB.variesC.shiftsD.alters31.A.areasB.partsC.countriesD.spaces32.A.directionB.guideC.symbolD.model33.A.givenB.respondedC.satisfiedD.answered34.A.BecauseB.WhenC.IfD.Whether35.A.asB.inC.likeD.near36.A.customeC.traditionD.habit37.A.aimB.proposeC.selectD.tend38.A.fashionB.mistakeC.nonsenseD.possibility39.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.things40.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.wherever41.A.toB.withC.onD.as42.A.practicalB.domesticC.nativeD.new43.A.careB.affectC.troubleD.matter44.A.effectiveB.sensitiveC.ordinaryD.careful45.A.listenB.hearC.noticeD.findSection Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Part ADirections:Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a thick line across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Text 1After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper thanthe one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (Although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!46 A good title for this passage is ____.A. Sleep C. DreamsB. Good Health D. Work and Rest47. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ____.A. sick C. asleepB. stand up D. a little sleepy48. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.A. dream more often C. nervousB. have poor health D. breathe quickly49. During REM, ____.A. your eyes move quickly C. you are restlessB. you dream D. both A and B50. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ .A. approximately six hours C. about eight hoursB. around ten hours D. not stated hereText 2Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. With a TV set in the family people don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera .All they have to so is to push a button or turn a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have to use his legs if the has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort in his part.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics. The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into one’s sitting room. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical charm for us. We get so used to looking at the movements on it ,so dependent on its pictures, that it begins to control our lives. People are often heard to say that their television sets have broken down and that they have suddenly found that they have far more time to do things and the they have actually begin to talk to each other again. It makes one think, doesn’t it?There are many other arguments for and against television. We must realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society.51. What is the major function of paragraph 1?A. To arouse the reader’s concernB. To introduce the theme of the whole passageC. To summarize the whole passageD. To sate the primary uses of TV52. Television, as a source of entertainment, is ______.A. not very convenientB. very expensiveC. quite dangerousD. relatively cheap53. Why are some people against TV?A. Because TV programs re not interestingB. Because TV viewers are totally passiveC. Because TV prices are very high.D. Because TV has both advantages and disadvantages54. One of the most obvious advantages of TV is that ______.A. it keeps us informedB. it is very cheapC. it enables us to have a restD. it controls our lives55. According to the passage, whether TV is good or not depends on _______ .A. its qualityB. people ’s attitude towards itC. how we use itD. when we use it。

公共英语五级分类模拟题阅读理解(-)Unit 1Part ARead the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 3Travel is at its best a solitary enterprise : to see, to examine, to assess, y ou have to be alone and unencumbered• Other people can mislead you；they crowd your meandering impressions with their own；if they are companionable they obstruct your view, and if they art-boring they corrupt the silence with non-sequiturs, shattering you r concentration with ”0h, look, it1s raining, and n You see it lots of trees here • n Traveling on your own can be terribly lonely (and it is not understood by Japanese who, coming across you smiling wistfully at an acre of Mexican butter cups tend to say things like "Where is the rest of your team? n) , I think of evening in the hotel room in the strange city• My diary has been brought up to date； I hanker for company： what do I do? I don11 know anyone there, so I go out and walk and discover the three streets of the town and rather envy the strolling couples and the people with children. The museums and churches are closed, and toward midnight the streets are empty. If I am mugged, I will have to apologize as politely as possible, ,!I am sorry, sir, but I has nothing valuable on my person. n Is there a surer way of enraging a thief and driving him to violence?It is hard to, we clearly or to think straight in the company of other people• Not only do I feel, self-conscious, but the perceptions that are necessary to writing are difficult to manage when someone close by is thinking out loud. I am diverted, but it is discovery, not diversion, that I seek. What is requited is the lucidity of loneliness to capture that vision, which, however banal, seems in my private mood to be special and worthy of interest. There is something in feeling abj ect that quickens my mind and makes it intensely receptive to fugitive might also be verified and refined； and in any case I had the satisfaction of finishing the business a lone • Travel is not a vacation, and it is often the opposite of a rest, 11Have a nice time, people said to me at my send-off at South Station, Medford• It was not precisely what I had hoped for. I craved a little risk, some danger, an untoward event, a vivid discomfort, an experience of my own company, and in a modest way the romance of solitude• This I thought might be mine on that train to Limon• l^ Traveling companions are a disadvantage, according to the writer, because they .A.give you the wrong impression about the journeyB.distract you from your readingC.intrude on your private observationsD.prevent you from saying what you think2、It has been assumed by Japanese that he .A.belongs to a group of botanistsB. is excessively odd to travel aloneC. needs to be directed to his hotelD. has wandered away from his party 3His main concern in the evenings was to .A.take some physical exerciseB. avoid being robbed in the street C・ overcomehis loneliness D. explore the sights of the city4、The writer regards his friends! farewell to him as _____________ •A.inappropriateB. unsympathetic C • tactless D. cynical5、We gather from the passage that his main purpose in traveling was to•A.test his enduranceB. prove his self-sufficiencyC. experience adventureD. respond to new experiencesText 2Why does the Western movie especially have such a hold on our imagination? Chiefly, I think, because it offers serious insights into the problem of violence such as can be found almost nowhere in our culture. One of the well-known peculiarities of modern civilized opinion is its refusal to acknowledge theC• un -heroicD• posturing 10^Tile image of the Western hero is intended to show us that A. violence need not B. killing and deathC. our modern age isthere is always a Text 1 cause us concern are not important lacking in style need for standardsBut value of violence • This refusal is virtue, but like many virtues it involves a certain willful blindness and it encourages hypocrisy. We train ourselves to be shocked or bored by cultural images of violence, and our very concept of heroism tends to be a passive one: we are less drawn to the brave young men who kill large numbers of our enemies than to the heroic prisoners who endure torture without capitulating. And in the criticism of popular culture, the presence of images of violence is often assumed to be in itself a sufficient ground for condemnation.These attitudes, however, have not reduced the element of violence in ourculture but have helped to free it from moral control by letting it take on the aura of H emancipation" . The celebration of acts of violence is left more and more to the irresponsible . The gangster movie, with its numerous variations, belongs to a cultural 11 underground 11 which glamorizes violence and sets it against all our higher social attitudes• It is more "modern n genre than the Western movie, perhaps even more profound, because it confronts industrial society on its own ground — the city — and because, like much of our advanced art, it gains its effects by a gross insistence on its own narrow logic. But it is anti-social, resting on fantasies of irresponsible freedom. If we are brought finally to acquiesce in the denial of these fantasies, it is only because they have been shown to be dangerous, not because they have given way to higher values of behavior•In war movies, to be sure. it is possible to present violence within aframework of responsibility. But there is the disadvantage that modern war is a co-operative enterprise in which violence is largely impersonal and heroism belongs to the group more than to the individual. The hero of a war movie is most often simply a leader, and his superiority is likely to be expressed in a denial of the heroic : you are not supposed to be brave, you are supposed to get the job done and stay alive (this too, of course, is a kind of heroic posture, but a new and n practical *' one) . At its best, the war movie may represent a more civilized point of view than the Western, and if it was not continually marred by ideological sentimentality we might hope to find it developing into a higher form of dry. But it cannot supply the values we seek in the Western movies .These values are in the image of a single man who wears a gun on his thigh. Thegun tells us that he lives in a world of violence, and even that he H believes in violence" . But the drama is one of self restraint: the moment of violence must come in its own time and according to its special laws, or else, it is valueless. He is there to remind us of the possibility of style in an age which has put on itself the burden of pretending that style has no meaning, and, in the midst of our anxieties over the problem of violence, to suggest that even in killing or being killed we are not freed from the necessity of establishing satisfactory models of behavior.6、 The reason given for our acceptance of a gangster 1 s downfall is our bring convinced that ________ .A. his behavior is wrongB. he is a threat to societyC. his aspirations are unrealisticD. he represents a denial of freedom 7^Violence in modern societies is seen, it is claimed in paragraph 2, asA. a symbol of freedomB. something sacredC. morally controlledD. basic to our culture8、 The word n acquiesce n (Line 10, Para. 2) is closest in meaning toA. acceptanceB. refusalC. devotionD. giving up9、 War films present the hero asA. pragmati cB. impersonalMost earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth * s surface.earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their numberdecreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors . If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table • But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall• An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparat ively little damage• If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past•There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about - This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them n tsunamis" , meaning ,f harbor waves'1, because they reach a sizable height only in harbors• Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.llx Which of the following CAN NOT be concluded from the passage?A.The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B.Roughl y the same number of earthquakes occur each year•C.Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles•D.Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces• 12、Thedestruction of Agadir is an example of .A.faulty building constructionB. an earthquake 1s strengthC. widespread panic in earthquakes D• ineffective instruments13> The United Nations1 experts are supposed to .A.construct strong buildings B • put forward proposalsC. detect disastrous earthquakesD. monitor earthquakes14、The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may.A.notice them out at sea B • find ways to stop themC・ be warned early enough D • develop warning systems15> Tsunamis is terrible because .A.they attack harborsB. a warning system is developedC.there is no way to stop the oncoming waveD.they travel slowlyPart BIn the following article some paragraphs or sentences have been removed for questions 16—20, choose the most suitable paragraph or sentence from the lists A—F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which doesn * t fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1.Between the end of the World War II and the early sixties, a baby boom occurred in the US, and people born during that period were known as the baby boomers. Bill Clinton is no doubt a typical representative of that generation. Like the 1992 general elections, the presidential election of 1997 was not merely a skirmish between two political parties but also a generation war between the babyboomers and the G.I. generation represented by Bush and Dole.16._____________William Jefferson Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, in the mountain city of Hope, Arkansas. In English, "hope” means n xiwang H.17._____________The family circumstances of Clinton1 s childhood years were very unfortunate . Clinton1s own father died in a traffic accident 3 months before Clinton was born.His stepfather, Roger Clinton, was a habitual drunkard, which caused discord in the family.18._____________Self-reliant, diligent and hard working, Clinton gained a good education• Inthe fall of 1964, he enrolled in Georgetown University in Washington D.C.， and majored in international politics. After graduation, he won the famous Rhodes scholarship pursued advanced studies for 2 years in England1s Oxford University. In 1971, he entered Yale University's law college and obtained a doctorate in law two years later . During his university days, Clinton actively participated in the students 1 movement against the Vietnam War, avoided army enlistment, and took atrip to Moscow in 1970.19._____________After leaving Yale, Clinton returned to his hometown in Arkansas where he began his political career. In 1974, when he was not quite 28, he formally campaigned for congress • His vividand dramatic first attempt greatly threatened his opponents. Though defeated in his campaign, his political talent received confirmation in news and political circles, winning him the title of "child prodigy11 . In 1976, Clinton won the post of State Attorney General. In 1978, he succeeded in his campaign for the Governorship and at 32 became the youngest governor in the history of the state of Arkansas. In 1980, he lost to the Republicans in his campaign for re-election but two years later he staged a comeback, which won him the nickname of 11undefeated kid11 .20._____________In October 1997, when China1s president Jiang Zemin visited the US, he and president Clinton reached agreement in the setting up of a constructive, strategic partnership for the 21st century. President Clinton announced that he would move up his visit to China to the end of June in order to give a fresh stimulus to the development and improvement of Sino-US relations-A.Such an experience helped Clinton become a man who knew his own mind, hadself-restrain and self-control, and was good at competition.B.He kept the Governorship right up until January 1993, when he officially became the master of the White House. His first term of office expired in 1997, but he defeated republican Dole and was re-elected, and served as president.C.Clinton 1 s triumph signaled a shift of US political power from the older generation to the younger one, and might reflect developments of far reaching significance in today's American politics.D.No wonder that later on Clinton 1 s supporters often called him 11 the manfrom the city of hope”.E . President Clinton has responded by making public apologies toUS citizens , who, as recently as the 1950s, were used as guinea-pigs in recent experiments involving radiation and sexually transmitted diseases.F. These experiences helped him mature early, but left him vulnerable topolitical controversies later, and branded him as a young liberal.Part CAnswer questions by referring to the introduction to 3 different architectures.Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET. Some choices may be required more than once.A = Buddhist ArchitectureB = Taoist Architecture C= Imperial Mausoleum ArchitectureChinese Buddhist architecture consists of temple, pagoda and grotto• As the central structure of spreading Buddhism in China, the temple is where cenobites preceding their religious life • Since emperors of dynasties believed in Buddhism, temples erected like mushrooms, usually splendid like palaces, for many were built under imperial orders. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were more than 30,000 temples scattered in the country. Later as architectural techniques improved, glazed tiles, exquisite engravings and delicate paintings were applied in the construction of temples, which came to be more magnificent and splendid.Chinese Buddhist architecture follows symmetric style strictly. Usually main buildings will be set on the central axis, facing the south. Annexe structures will be on the west and east flanks • Temple gate, Heaven ly King Hall, the Main Hall and Sutra Library successively stands on the axis. Dorm, kitchen, dinning hall, storehouse and antechamber usually cluster on the right side while left side remains for the visitors.Pagoda is also the main integrating part of the Buddhist architecture, with varied styles and strong local flavors• Pagoda followed Buddhism into China around the first century, and developed into pavilion-like pagoda on which one can view scenery after immediate combination with traditional Chinese architecture.Another Buddhist architecture is grotto complex with its caves hewn on cliff walls, usually huge projects and with exquisite engravings. It came from India with Buddhism too and boomed during the Northern and Southern dynasty .Taoist ArchitectureTaoist architecture includes various structures according to different functions, categorized as palace for oblation and sacrifice, altar for praying and offering, cubby for religious service, residence for Taoist abbes and garden for visitors.Taoist architecture applies two architectural styles —traditional style and Bagua style. Most Taoist architectures resort to nature topography to build towers, pavilions, lobbies and other garden structural units, decorated with murals, sculptures and steles to entertain people, fully interpreting Taoist philosophy of nature.Taoist architectural decoration reflects Taoist pursuit of luck and fulfillment,long lifespan, and evolution into the fairyland. Taoist architectural motifs are all meaningful. Celestial bodies mean brightness shining everywhere while landscape and rocks immortality. Folding fan, fish, narcissus, bat and deer are used to imply beneficence, wealth, celestial being, fortune and official position, while pine and cypress stand for affection, tortoise for longevity, crane for man of honor. There are many other symbols very traditional and Taoist decorations root deep in Chinese folk residential houses.Imperial Mausoleum ArchitectureImperial mausoleum architecture accounts for a major part in ancient Chinesearchitecture since they usually stand for the highest architectural techniques of the time • Emperors would often force thousands of the nations, best architects to build these structures. They would withdraw millions, even billions from the exchequer to fund their tombs . These tombs were always magnificently deluxe and consisted of finest structures of the period. In vicissitude of the history, imperial mausoleums scattered around places which used to be capitals of different dynasties. These mausoleums were usually built against hills or mountains and facing plains. Most imperial mausoleums have broad ways called Shendao (the Sacred Way) at the entrance• Along both sides of the Shendao, there are stone sculptures of men and animals which guard the tombs. Other imperial structures were also built beside the tomb. Under huge hills of clay, splendid and superior structures were constructed with free facilities such as drainage systems.Dragon and phoenix, called Long and Feng in Chinese respectively, are totems of Chinese people. They were used to represent emperors and their consorts and were the main decorative patterns to be seen on various imperial structures . Palaces, columns, pathways and screen walls were all inscribed or carved or painted with their images.Unit 2Part ARead the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 3Since the mid-1960s Southeast Asia has faced a potentially wide-ranging security threat. Well before the events of September 11, the region was enduring a slump in exports and a falloff in foreign investment as Western firms headed to China. Even Singapore 1s economy, the region 1s strongest, probably shrank by 2% in 2001, while Indonesia, the weakest player, is struggling to avert a new foreign debt crisis.Now the region is being seen overseas as a breeding ground for international terrorists• Foreign businesses have stopped sending execs to the region to explore new opportunities, while companies are beefing up security at their offices and homes. Clearly, the region1 s governments need to show the world they can keep the peace. That requires achieving a tricky balancing act: Authorities must provide adequate security to foreign firms without being alarmist and scaring them off completely.Also vexing for Southeast Asian governments is how to deal with US offers of military assistance. Nations with large Muslim populations cannot afford to make open appeals to the US for help • N owhere is this more true than in Indonesia, the most likely spot for Al Qaeda to operate . Indonesia is resisting pressure from the US because it can ill afford a nationalist revenge.Southeast Asia!s ailing economies won11 easily weather another round of investor disenchantment. As it is, foreign businesspeople are becoming increasingly j ittery. The perceived growth of radical Islam is clearly having a deleterious impact on the Indonesian economy< To be sure, the weak global economy is responsible for some of the dropoff in orders • But the numbers make grim reading. Indonesian exports fell from $3.6 billion in October to $3 billion in November, 2001, a drop of 16% in one month, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics. Foreign direct investment plung ed from $1•9 billion in November, 2001 to $630 million in December of the same year.Meanwhile, Indonesia 1s domestic economy is feeling increasingly vulnerable . Wanandi, the CEO of an auto assembling company, believes the government is not doing enough! Like most Indonesians, Wanandi agrees that inviting in US troops is politically impossible. He is calling instead for the Indonesian military to be given greater powers to crack down on militant groups . 11There is a lot of competition between the army and the police, he says. H That1 s why a lot of bombing is going on. No one is being punished.nThe trouble is, the foe is maddeningly elusive. But until the threat fades, Southeast Asia will have to deal with declining foreign investment, j ittery execs, and, in Indonesia, rising poverty and instability — the very environment in which terror groups thrive•31> The best title for this brief passage should be .A.Indonesia: Grim Economic Prospects in 2002B.Why is Jakarta resisting US Military AidC.The Link of Indonesia Terror Groups to al QaedaD.Southeast Asia: Terror 1s New Front32、The word n deleterious n (Para. 4, Line 3) most probably means .A.harmfulB. noticeableC. decreasingD. benign33> According to the passage, Indonesian government is resisting pressure from the US because .A.of the economic slowdownB.of its fear of the nationalists1 revengeC.of the dropdown in foreign investmentsD.the government is at war with the US34^ Which of the following statements is true about Wanandi?A.He is a government official.B.He is an Islamic radical•C.He believes the Indonesian government should call in US troops for help.D.He believes the Indonesian government should keep a tight hand on the domestic troub1e-making military groups•35> With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?A.Terror groups are only likely to grow in countries with a weak domestic economy•B.The terror groups can be very easily identified.ernment intervention is not very likely to result in the crackdown of the terror groups.D.The presence of terror groups will largely hinder the economic growth of the Southeast Asia region.Text 1Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemp 1 oyment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work• Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should w e not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people 1s work has taken the form of jobs . The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work• Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people 1s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage . In pre - industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regularities still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded — a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives•All this may not have to change, the time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.36、Research carried out in recent opinion polls shows that .A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB • new jobs should be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC .available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployedD.the present high unemp1oyment figures are a fact of life37> The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that people were.A.no longer legally entitled to own landB.forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesC.not adequately compensated for the loss of their landD.badly paid for the work they managed to find3 8、The effects of almost universal employment were o ve rwhe Imi ng in that.A. the household and village community disappearedB・ men now traveled enormous distances to their places of workC. young and old people became superfluous components of societyD・ the work status of those not in paid employment suffered39^ The article concludes that __________ .A. the creation of jobs for all is an impossibilityB・ our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficientC. people should start to support themselves by learning a practical skill D・we should help those whose jobs are only part time40^ The purpose of this article is to suggest that we should .A.be prepped to admit that being employed is not the only kind of workB.create more factories in order to increase our productivityC.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ othersD.be prepared to fill in time at home by taking up bobbies and leisureactivitiesText 2H Internet n has created a new vocabulary that has come to represent a historical era of change• Ask John Morse, publisher of Merriam-Webster Dictionaries, to name the word that defines the close of the millennium and he doesn't hesitate: n Internet H. "No other word has become part of people 1s lives so quickly or has had such an impact, 11 he says. The Internet has swept into the American vocabulary and given birth to so many new words and phrases —H netizen z n "chatroom" and "homepage11 among them —that it has come to represent an era in social history, he says. And remarkably, 11Internet" has managed to become the most significant word of the century in less than a decade. n We first started seeing a number of citations in 1994, and by 1998 it was established in the dictionary, " Morse says, H It was just astounding. No other new word has gained such widespread acceptance so quickly,n he says•Just a century ago, another form of communication swept into the language. In the 1898 edition of "Merriam-Webster * s Collegiate Dictionary, *' the hot new word was n telephone n• "It brought massive social change and reshaped the way people did business, just as the Internet is doing today, " Mores says - "Telephone H was no easy linguistic act to follow. It helped bring into popular usage a wide range of new words and phrases —busy signals, wrong numbers, voice mail, cell phones. It also gave the United States its standard greeting： Hello. But n Internet" is holding its own, in part by borrowing words from older technologies and giving them new meaning, such as n bookmark,n"copy” and “browser.n"That is how vocabulary evolves, n Mores says. ,!It1 s human nature to make the concept easier to understand by using a familiar, in this case print-based, metaphor.H Allan Metcalf, a professor at MacMurray College in Illinois, helps put together a list of words of the year for the American Dialect Society. He says the word H Internet n is a strong candidate to define the end of the century, but he has another preference : words with the prefix e-, as "e-mail" or n e-commerce . n It has a little more impact and it conveys attitudes, 11 Metcalf says .At Merriam, new words earn a place in the dictionary simply by repeated use in popular press. Merriam* s lexicographers append a large part of their day reading newspapers, magazines, and now Internet publications. Each new word — along with a copy from the publication showing how it was used — goes into an electronic database.41> Why did John Morse choose H Internet" as the word that defines the close of the 20th century?A.The word has the highest frequency count in newspapers, magazines and the。

全国公共英语等级考试（PETS）五级模拟题全国公共英语等级考试(PETS)五级模拟题第一部分听力第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的［A］、［B］、［C］三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例如，你将听到以下内容：M:Excuse me.Can you tell me how much the shirt is?W：Yes，it’s nine fifteen.请看选项：How much is the shirt?［A］￡19.15.［B］￡9.15.［C］￡9.18.衬衫的价格为9镑15便士，所以你选择［B］项，并在试卷上将其标出。

Answer:［A］［B］■［C］1. Where are they talking?［A］In a post office.［B］In a restaurant.［C］In a bank.2. What does the man want to do?［A］To have tea.［B］T o see father.［C］To talk to Ella.3. For whom is the man making tea and coffee?［A］Lucy.［B］The man himself.［C］Some guests.4. What are the two speakers talking about?［A］A tea house.［B］A hotel.［C］A restaurant.5. What’s the man going to do?［A］Buy some bread.［B］Go back home.［C］Ask for directions.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的［A］、［B］、［C］三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

公共英语五级分类模拟题5Section I Use of EnglishImpatience characterizes young intellectual workers. They want to make their mark 1 > So it1 s important to get 2 to them in a challenging manner the idea 3 big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the little successes are essential. Show that they 4 turn become the foundation on 5 reputations are built and from which more important tasks can be accomplished.A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a j ob 6 becoming dull. Whereas it1s natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments, 7 proper guidancethey can continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially 8 the same complexity. This way they gain breadth, if not depth•Probably the greatest offense to guard 9 when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand. You must listen--and listen obj actively- - totheir suggestions . Avoid 10 over critical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You111 frustrate it quickly if you revert too often 11 f,We fve tried that before and it won11 12 here. nOne sure way to disenchant 13 college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect th em to do some routine work, of course • But don 11 make their 14 work just one long series of errands. This includes such break-in assignments 15 performing routine calculations, digging up 16 material, 17 operat ing reproduction equipment . One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of 18 engineers who had left them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that 19 challenging but also expected 20 too little from them in the way o f performance •Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1In January 1995 z the world witnessed the emergence of a new international economic order with the launching of the World Trade Organization• The WTO, which succeeds the GAIT, is expected to strengthen the world trading system and to be more effective than the GATT in governing international trade in goods and services in many aspects.First, trade liberalization all over the world is expected to increase via the dramatic reductions in wade barriers to which the members of the WTO are committed. Under the WTO, members are required to reduce their tariff and non-tariffs on manufacturing goods. In addition, protecting domestic agricultural sectors from foreign competition will become awfully difficult in the new WTO system.Second, rules and regulations governing international trade will be more strongly enforced. Under the old system of the GATT, there were many cases where trade measures, such as anti-dumping and countervailing duties, were intentionally used solely for protectionist reasons. The WTO 1s strengthened rules and regulations will significantly reduce the abusing of such trade measures by its member countries . The WTO is also equipped with an improved dispute settlement mechanism. Accordingly, we expect to see a more effective resolution of trade disputes among the member countries in this new trade environment.Third, new multilateral rules have been established to cover areas which the GATT did not address, such as international trade in services and the protection of intellectual property rights• There still remain a number of21、 Between WTO and GAIT24^ It can A. B. protected.c. D. problems that need to be resolved before international trade in services can be completely liberalized, and newly-developed ideas or technologies are fairly compensated. However, just the establishment of multilateral rules in these new areas is a distinguished contribution to the progress toward a global free trade system.Along with the launching of the WTO, this new era in world trade ischaracterized by a change in the structure of the world economy. Today, a world-wide market for goods and services is rapidly replacing a world economy composed of relatively isolated national markets. Domestic financial markets have been integrated into a truly global system, and the multinational corporation is becoming a principle mechanism for allocating investment capital and determining the location of production sites throughout much of the world•A. WTO and GATT govern the international trade at the same time.B. WTO is the pre-existence of GATT.C. GATT is the pre-existence of WTO.D. GATT is more effective than WTO in some aspects•22、 According to this passage, under the WTO,A. measures of anti-dumping and c oun t e r va i 1 i ng were solely usedfor protectionist reason.B. it is still easy to protect domestic agricultural sectors fromforeign competition.C. people can enjoy better life.D. members should reduce their tariff and non-tariff on products.23> Which of the following is NOT true about the WTO?A. WTO has made good preparation for liberalization of internationaltrade in service.B. WTO ensures effective settlement of trade dispute.C. Under WTO, regulations concerning international trade can be morestrongly enforced.D. WTO covers intellectual property rights.be inferred form this passage thatunder GATT some measures can not be effectively enforced•under GATT, the intellectual property right cannot be properlyit is not easy for a country to get absorbed by WTO• WTO cannot change the structure of world economy totally.25N Which can be the best title for the passage?A. The Launching of WTO.B. The Influence on WTO.C. The Superiority of WTO over GATT.D. The Influence Caused by WTO.Text 2Throughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things ashats, Beds, Baths, marriages, and funerals• At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windows . And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth!Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a taxis said to H bear the burden” of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes• This spreads the burden of taxes among more people • From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government ； others by two or even all three levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system.Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues • The federal governmentgets more than three-f ourths of its revenue from income taxes • As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings • Both individuals and businessA.B.C.D. the the his the27、The government levies different kinds of taxes so thatA.B.C.D. the rich have a widerrange each of three theburden ofto pay more and the poor less of taxpayers can be included levels of governmentcould get tax money taxes28、The 29^ How federal government getsA. property taxC. sales taxmany states levy importA・4・C. 46.falls evenly on everybodymost of their income fromB• income taxD. estate taxtaxes in the U. S. A.?B. 50 .D. 54 .corporations pay a federal income tax.The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the federal government.A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, But only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes.Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes . Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up hisor her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the property is transferred, however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount.26、The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay forinconvenience for him to put on and take off clothes damage that eating did to his teeth efforts to cut the food into pieces decay of his teeth because of sugar30N Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when transferred.B.Property tax provides a part of income for local government•C.There are a few kinds of sales taxes•D.Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes.Text 3Divorce doesn1t necessarily make adults happy• But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might, a new study says•The research identified happy and unhappy spouses, culled from a national database• Of the unhappy partners who divorced, about half were happy five years later. But unhappy spouses who stuck it out often did better. About two-thirds were happy five years later.Study results contradict what seems to be common sense, says David Blankenhorn of the Institute for American Values, a think-tank on the family. The institute helped sponsor the research team based at the University of Chicago • Findings will be presented in Arlington, Va . , at the 11Smart Marriage n conference, sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families, and Couples Education.H In popular discussion, in scholarly literature, the assumption has always been that if a marriage is unhappy, if you get a divorce, it is likely you will be happier than you stayed married, n Blankenhorn says, 11 This is the first time this has been tested empirically and there is no evidence to support this assumption.”About 19% of the divorced had happily remarried within five years•The most troubled marriages reported the biggest turn-arounds. Of the most discontented, about 80% were happy five years later, says Linda Waite, a University of Chicago sociologist who headed the research team.The study looked at data on 5, 232 married adults form the National Survey of Families and Households. It included 645 who were unhappy. The adults in the national sample were analyzed through 13 measures of psychological33、 Who can be called A. Those who B• Those who C. Those who Those who A. B. C. D. 35> What isA. B ・C ・ they they they they well-being. Within the five years, 167 of the unhappy were divorced or separated and 478 stayed married.Divorce didn 11 reduce symptoms of depression, raise self-esteemor increase asense of mastery compared with those who stayed married, the report says. Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income.Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships.What helped the unhappy marrieds turn things around? To supplement the formalstudy data, the research team asked professional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were H marriage survivors n • All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages.These 55 once-discontented marrieds felt their unions got better via one ofthree routes, the report says:Marital endurance. n With time, job situation improved, children got older orbetter, or chronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective. n Partners did not work on their marriage,Marital work• Spouses actively worked to n solve problems, change behavior orimprove communication•HPersonal change. Partners found n alternative ways to improve their ownhappiness and build a good and happy life despite a mediocre marriage.H In effect, the unhappy partner changed.Those who worked on their marriages rarely turned to counselors • When they did,they went to faith-based ones committed to marriage, Waite says. Men, particularly, were "very suspicious of anyone who wanted money to solve personal problems.nThose who stayed married also generally disapproved of divorce, Wake says. Theycited concerns about children, religious beliefs and a fear that divorce would bring its own set of problems.31> What does "common sense" (Para. 3, first sentence. refer to?A. If a marriage is unhappy, if you get a divorce, it is likely you willbe happier than you stayed married.B. Divorce doesn 1t necessarily make adults happy.C. You can increase a sense of mastery after divorce compared with thosewho stayed married.D. More people who stay married feel happier than those who get divorced.32、 What is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can be happier if you choose not so soon to get divorced.B. If you get divorced, you can have less depression.C. If you get divorced, you can increase self-esteem.D. Unhappy spouses, if staying married, will be involved in violentrelationships.11 marriage survivors n ?stay married instead of getting divorced.save others ! marriage.believe in marriage.survive their spouses.34、 The characteristics of H marriage survivors n are the following except thatgenerally disapproved of divorce. actively worked to makechanges• stick to the mselves.rarely turned m counselors• suggested by the research?Waiting, working it out can pay off.You can find the way to solve the problems on your own. Things may differ from where they start•Learning from others is beneficial•Part B Strong Yuan Prevents Asia-wide CollapseCHLNA will continue to keep the yuan stable this year, said an article in theFinancial News. Excerpts follow ：Recently, the People 1s Bank of China, China 1s central bank, has restated thatChina will continue to keep its commitment to not devalue its currency this year.This decision will undoubtedly play an active role in building up investors 1confidence and help pull the Asian economy out of the doldrums•Some people argue that the devaluation of the renminbi would relieve pressures on the country1s exports and thus promote China 1s economy forward.36Although devaluation might help temporarily beef up exports, it would swell China1s foreign debts and put a lid on the import of updated technology and advanced equipment badly needed in China.If China devaluated its currency for its short-term interests, it would induce a new round of devaluations in neighbouring nations.As all Asian economies fed on each other, the devaluation would ultimately hurt China1s economy. If China collapsed, woo would befall on all.Also, the good investment climate China needs to keep its reform going rests on the stability of the yuan.But in a bid to keep the currency stable, the government still has to strengthen its efforts to clamp down on any illegal foreign exchange such as evasion of foreign exchange payments and fraudulent practices•Exports count despite the unfavorable external climate, expanding exports should top the agenda of the government, said an article in the Economic Dally. Excerpts follow:This year, the central government has set 7 per cent as its economic growth target .37But this does not necessarily mean that the important role of exports in the national economy should be played down. Adherence to opening up has proven to be an asset and China should continue to pursue in its reform.Only when both domestic and international markets are healthy will the country be able to minimize fallout from the Asian financial crisis•Expanding exports is instrumental to maintaining healthy economic growth.Statistics show that the proportion of exports in the national economy has increased to 20.9 per cent in 1997 from only 6 per cent in 1980•38This is a lesson China should learn from the Asian financial crisis.One of the major reasons for the crisis is that most Asian countries failed to keep the balance of international payments, a factor which can help reduce financial risks.There is still the possibility that exports will grow at moderate ate because of big demand for Chinese products despite a recent drop causedby its neighbours ' troubles.The government should take drastic measures to boost exports with an effort to ensure the realization of its targeted economic growth• Tensions to ease39A few days ago, the fourth meeting of the four-party talks on the Korean Peninsular issue ended in Geneva.During the meeting, the four parties—China, the Democratic People 1s Republicof Korea (DPRK), the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States—conducted a constructive and fruitful discussion.They also agreed that two work teams should start to work on easing tension and establishing a peace mechanism.For the past 50 years, Northeast Asia has remained a hotspot.40In recent years, the parties concerned have made some efforts to further relax the situation.In 1997, the four-party talk mechanism was established.Despite wide rifts, the situation on the Korean Peninsular will ease provided the talks are continued in a flexible and pragmatic way, and an attitude of seeking common ground is adopted•A.Also, increasing exports can help the government maintain the balance of international payment and stabilize the renminbi.B.To meet this end, the government has resolved to stimulate the stagnant domestic market as its long-term strategy.C.So long as talks go on and the parties involved adopt a flexible and pragmatic attiude, tension on the Korean Peninsula will ease, said a commentary in the People1s Dally. Excerpts follow：D.Analysts also noted the continued slowdown of capital inflow into Asia as investors remained wary of the impact of the Brazil crisis spreading to the United States, in turn affecting Asia1s recovery•E.The problem lies in the long confrontation between the two nations on the peninsula . And because some nations have been taking an unjust, prejudicial and unpractical attitude in dealing with the issue, the situation has been intensified.F.That view is partially true but does not reveal the whole picture.PartCMelanoma, also referred to as n malignant melanoma11, is the most serious form of skin cancer• It is the skin cancer most likely to spread to lymph nodes and internal organs. There are four most common types of melanoma, which accounts for about 100% of diagnosed cases•ASuperficial Spreading Melanoma：Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) is the most common type of melanoma in the United States, accounting for about 70% of all diagnosed melanoma cases. This type of melanoma can strike at any age and occurs slightly more often in females than males . SSM is the leading cause of death from cancer in young adults.When SSM occurs in females z it most commonly appears on the legs. In males, it is more likely to develop between the neck and pelvis. However, this does not mean that females do not get SSM on their trunks or that males do not see SSM on their legs • This melanoma can occur anywhere on the skin 1 s surface.A typical SSM lesion has irregular borders and various shades of black, brown, gray, blue, pink, red, or white . Within the lesion there can be a remarkable variation in color involving white, pink, brown, and black.In the early stages, SSM usually appears as a flat spot that looks like a freckle that is spreading sideways on the skin. Over time, the pigmentation in the lesion may darken, and the lesion may grow, develop increasingly irregular borders, and have areas of inflammation within the lesion. The area around the lesion may begin to itch. Occasionally, a SSM may become H less H pigmented as a person!s immune responses try to destroy it.Superficial spreading melanoma can progress rapidly.Nodular Melanoma：Nodular melanoma (NM) is the most aggressive type of melanoma and accounts for about 15% of all melanomas diagnosed in the United States. It can appear anywhere on the body and occurs more often in males than females. It can develop at any age； however, it is most often seen in people aged 60 and older.NM is different from other types of melanoma. It tends to grow more rapidly in thickness than in diameter and it may not have a readily visible phase of development. Instead of arising from a pre-existing mole, it may appear in a spot where a lesion did not previously exist•Since NM tends to grow deeper more quickly than it does wide and can occur in a spot that did not have a previous lesion, the prognosis is often worse because it takes longer for a person to be aware of the changes.NM is most often darkly pigmented； however, some NM lesions can be light brown or even colorless (non-pigmented)• A light-colored or non-pigmented NM lesion may escape detection because the appearance is not alarming. An ulcerated and bleeding lesion is common.Lentigo Maligna Melanoma: Lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) typically occurs on sun-damaged skin in the middle-aged and elderly, especially on the face. This melanoma may be mistaken in its early, and most treatable, stages for a benign H age spot H or H sun spot11 . LMM accounts for about 10% of the melanomas diagnosed in the United States. Since LMM is so easily mistaken, it can go undetected for years•This can be quite dangerous•LMM begins as a spreading, flat, patch with irregular borders and variablecolors of brown. This lesion is called 11 lentigo rnaligna f, . This spreadingbrownish patch may grow slowly for years and is often mistaken for lentigo simplex—a benign (non cancerous) brownish patch that can develop in the elderly after years of sun exposure.As the lesion grows and evolves, both the pigmentation and borders tend to become more irregular• This often occurs slowly over a period of 10 to 15 years. It also can happen rapidly- - in a matter of weeks or months. As the lesion growsdeeper into the skin (thickness increases) , it may become various shades of black and brown • Dark nodules may appear within the irregular borders . These nodules me the invasive tumor, and if large enough to be felt by touch, will feel lumpy.DAcral Lentiginous Melanoma：In the United States z acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) accounts for about 5% of all diagnosed melanomas. It also is the most common form of melanoma in Asians and people with dark skin, accounting for 50% of melanomas that occur in people with these skin types.ALM is sometimes referred to as a 11 hidden me 1 anoma H because these lesions occur on parts of the body not easily examined or not thought necessary to examine. ALM develops on the palms, soles, mucous membranes (such as those that line the mouth, nose, and female genitals), and underneath or near fingernails and toenails.ALM is often overlooked until it is well advanced because in the early stages, it often looks like a bruise or nail streak.As an ALM tumor increases in size, it usually becomes more irregular in shape and color. However, some ALM lesions can be lightly colored or colorless . The surface of the ALM lesion may remain flat, even as the rumor invades deeply into the skin. Thickening ALM on the sole of the foot can make walking painful and be mistaken for a plantar wart.•it is the most common form of melanoma in people ofcolor? 41•this type of melanoma occurs more often in males thanfemales? 42•dark nodules may appear within the irregular borders of thelesions? 43•it may develop on mucousmembranes? 44•it can occur anywhere on the skin1ssurface? 4546•males? 47•it often looks like a bruise or nail streak in the earlystages? 48•it can develop on sun-damaged skin especially on theface? 49•it looks like a freckle that is spreading sideways on the skin in the early stages? 50Section III Writing51> You have read an article in a magazine which states : H If the primary concernof a company is to make money, then conflict arises when the company must also recognize a duty to serve society.nWrite an article to the editor of the same magazine, discussing the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Be sure to supportyour point of view with reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.You should write no less than 250 words.答案：Section I Use of Englishacross［解析］get across意为''使（观点等）被理解或接受，讲清自己的意思〃，此句意为''给他们讲清巨大的成功不会轻易、快速地到来很重要。

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Section II Use of English(15 minutes)Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or services. Thesecond(31)__________ is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the(32)__________The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products. They also try to per-suade customers to buy the (33) __________by creating a desire (34) __________it. Because of advertisement, con-sumers think that they want something that they do not need. After buying something, the purchaser cannot alwaysexplain why it was (35) __________ Even (36) __________the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something, the manufacturers(37) __________. Manufacturers have analyzed the business of (38) __________ and buying. They know all the differ-ent motives that influence aconsumer s purchase--some rational and (39) __________ emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of this (40)__________Why (41) __________ so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store manage-ment has some good (42) __________. By the time the customer is (43) __________to pay for a purchase, he or shehas already made rational, thought-out decisions (44) __________ what he or she needs and wants to buy. The(45) __________ __ feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especially vulnerableat this point. The (46) __________ of candy, chewing gum, and magazines are very attractive. They persuade thepurchaser to buy something for emotional, not (47) __________motives. For example, the customer neither needs norplans to buy candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to pay money, he or she may suddenly decide to buy(48) __________This is exactly (49) __________the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will(50) __________. The customer follows his or her plan.Section III Reading Comprehension(50 minutes)Part A：Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem.Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even ifyour application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his familylife or personal activities, Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions for-bidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must havepowers of concentration( since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable cour-age. Again,space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-knowncase of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle.Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aero-nautical qualifications and experience.A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Onlyone of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard,Americas first man in space,who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age isthe late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Chal-lenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46.In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts record in this respect hits you in theeye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hardto tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection processdemands that a candidate should be happily married.The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas.You would expect them to fmd their friends from among their professional associates, But this is not the case. Rath-er, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fedup with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as nor-mal as possible, if only for the sake of their families.As for the astronauts political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.51. Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, Because they are __________[A] his own business and privacy[B] secrets as far as interviews are concerned[C] the property of an American magazine[D] the first-rate national confidential information52. To audience, the typical American astronaut __________[A] has a limited vocabulary[B] is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guy[C] cant understand a sophisticated joke[D] is well-built but rather slow-witted53. In politics, astronauts are generally__________[A] democrats[a] republicans[C] conservatives[D] communists54. The phrase talking shop ( Line 4, Para. 6 ) probably means __________[A] talking about shopping[B] discussing ones work with colleagues[C] exchanging personal news[D] talking with friends in a group55. Which of the statements is NOT true?[A] Astronauts have a good job which demands high.[B] The divorce rate in NASA is very low.[C] The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.[D] There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship.Text 2Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would de-stroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the his-toric practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice,more of a curse than a blessing.Sex-defined protective laws have often been based onstereotypical assumptions concerning women s needs andabilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Sec-ond World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thusmaking room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily orweekly work hours of women conveuiently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hourswere a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired,refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of protecting their health. By validating such laws whenthey are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageousemployment terms for women than for men, thus reducing womens competitiveness on the job market. At the sametime, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs ofwomen. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans thatcover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and Childbirth.Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actuallyin the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufac-turers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of anyactual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot benegligible, since chemicals toxic e-nough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Pro-tectiv——laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit allemployees without discriminating against any.In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory.and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislatorsshould recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs--good health care, a decent wage,and a safe workplace--are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate womens rights for equalprotection in employment.56. According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limitingthe work hours of women workers?[A] Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.[B] Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.[C] Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.[D] The health of most women factory workers improved.57. According to the first paragraph of the passage, theauthor considers which of the following to be most help-ful in determining the value of special .protective labor legislation for women?[A] A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.[B] An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws.[C] An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.[D] An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.58. The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are__________[A] unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws[B] harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection[C] not worth preserving even though they do represent a hardwon legacy of the labor movement[D] controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require59. The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?[A] They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.[B] They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.[C] They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male em-ployees, not for female employees.[D] They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adeqately safeguard the health of either male or female employees.60. According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?[A] They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.[B] They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women, making it less likely that women will be hired.[C] They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.[D] They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.Text 3Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you better than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is thefolk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studiescannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is whenpermanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then edited at night,to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after adecade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. Theparticular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brainand body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as i!watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that peopleare most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task duringthe day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, inresponse to a lightcoming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster.What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to asartificial grammar. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was presen!than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn ( i. e. the grammar, as well as the mechanical task of pushing thebutton) have more active brains. The editing theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuliwould be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposedto unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactiva-tion during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, onthe eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the nextday are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.61. Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to__________[A] how dreams are modified in their courses[B] the difference between sleep and wakefulness[C] why sleep is of great benefit to memory[D] the functions of a good night s sleep62. As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by__________[A] intensely active bralnwave traces[B] subjects quicker response times[C] complicated memory patterns[D] revival of events in the previous day63. By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show__________[A] its significance in the study[B] an inherent pattern being learnt[C] its resemblance to the lights[D] the importance of a night s sleep64. tn their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of__________[A] exposing a long-held folk wisdom[B] clarifying the predictions on dreams[C] making contrasts and comparisons[D] correlating effects with their causes65. What advice might Maquet give to those who have a crucial test the next day?[A] Memorizing grammar with great efforts.[B] Study textbooks with close attention.[C] Have their brain images recorded.[D] Enjoy their sleep at night soundly.Part B：In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66 —— 70, choose the most suitableparagraph from the list A —— F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in anyof the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Periodically in history, there come periods of great transition in which work changes its meaning. There was atime, perhaps 10,000 years ago, when human beings stopped feeding themselves by hunting game and gatheringplants, and increasingly turned to agriculture. In a way, that represented the invention of work.Then, in the latter decades of the 18th century, as theIndustrial Revolution began in Great Britain, there wasanother transition in which the symbols of work were no longer the hoe and the plow; they were replaced by the milland the assembly line.66._____________________________________With the Industrial Revolution, machinery--powered first by steam, then by electricity and internal combustion engines--took over the hard physical tasks and relieved the strain on human and animal muscles.67. _____________________________________And yet, such jobs have been characteristic of the human condition in the first three-quarters of the 20th centu-ry. They ve made too little demand on the human mind and spirit to keep them fresh and alive, made too much de-mand for any machine to serve the purpose until now.The electronic computer, invented in the 1940 s and improved at breakneck speed, was a machine that, for thefirst time, seemed capable of doing work that had until then been the preserve of the human mind. With the coming ofthe microchip in the 1970 s, computers became compact enough, versatile enough and (most important of all) cheapenough to serve as the brains of affordable machines that could take their place on the assembly line and in the office.68._____________________________________First, what will happen to the human beings who have been working at these disappearing jobs?Second, where will we get the human beings that will do the new jobs that will appear--jobs that are deman-ding, interesting and mind-exercising, but that requires a high-tech level of thought and education?69._____________________________________The first problem, that of technological unemployment, will be temporary, for it will arise out of the fact thatthere is now a generation of employees who have not been educated to fit the computer age. However, (in advancednations, at least) they will be the last generation to be so lacking, so that with them this problem will disappear or,at least, diminish to the point of non-crisis proportions.The second problem--that of developing a large enough number of high-tech minds to run a high-tech world-will be no problem at all, once we adjust our thinking.70._____________________________________Right now, creativity seems to be confined to a very few, and it is easy to suppose that that is the way it must be.However, with the proper availability of computerized education, humanity will surprise the elite few once again.A. There remained, however, the easier labor--the laborthat required the human eyes, ears, judgment andmind but no sweating. It nevertheless had its miseries, for it tended to be dull, repetitious, and boring.And there is always the sour sense of endlessly doing something unpleasant under compulsion.B. For one thing, much of human effort that is today put into running the world will be unnecessary. Withcomputers, robots and automation, a great dead of the daily grind will appear to be running itself. This isnothing startling. It is a trend that has been rapidly on its way ever since World War]I.C. And now we stand at the brink of a change that will be the greatest of all, for work in its old sense will dis-appear altogether. To most people, work has always been an effortful exercising of mind or body--com-pelled by the bitter necessity of earning the necessities of life--plus an occasional period of leisure in whichto rest or have fun.D. Clearly there will be a painful period of transition, one that is starting already, and one that will be in full swing as the 21st century begins.E. In the first place, the computer age will introduce a total revolution in our notions of education, and is begin-ning to do so now. The coming of the computer will make learning fun, and a successfully stimulated mindwill learn quickly. It will undoubtedly turn out that the average child is much more intelligent and creativethan we generally suppose. There wasa time, after all, when the ability to read and write was confined to avery small group of scholars and almost all of them would have scouted the notion that just about anyonecould learnthe intricacies of literacy. Yet with mass education general literacy came to be a fact.F. This means that the dull, the boring, the repetitious, the mind-stultifying work will begin to disappear fromthe job market--is already beginning to disappear. This, of course, will introduce two vital sets of prob-lem-is already introducing them.Part C：Answer questions 71 —— 80 by referring to the following places of interest.Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.A =The Imperial PalaceB =The Temple of HeavenC =Potala PalaceD =Jokhang TempleWhich palace or temple ...is the spiritual center of Tibet?71.__________is circular in the northern part while square in the southem part?72.__________presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture?73.__________covers a building space of 90 thousand squaremeters?74.__________is the oldest one among the four in the text?75.__________can present the visitor the significance of Heaven Kitchen?76.__________is a combination of architectural styles from Han，Tibetan and Nepalese?77.__________was the religious and political center of oldTibet?78.__________is along with many comparatively small buildings on either side?79.__________presents an edict signed with the Great Fiful’S handprint?80.__________The Imperial PalaceWhat strikes one first in a bird s-eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing bril-liantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking oneach side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four em-perors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years--from 1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne fromhis nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on whichapproximately I0,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palaceis an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex andmore than 900, 000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and72 hectares in size, is surroun-ded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each comer of the wall stands a watchtower with adouble-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. Oneither side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the sixEastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts:the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main hails, where the emperor receivedhis courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. Atthe rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.The Temple of HeavenThe Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle Year 18 of the Ming Dynasty ( in 1420). Situatedin the southern part of the city, it covers the total area of 273 hectares. With the additions and rebuilding during theMing, Qing and other Dynasties, this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious; the dignified environ-ment appears solemn and respectful. It is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty s Emperors to worship Heavenand pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square, implyingsky is round and earth is square to better symbolize heaven and earth. The whole compound is enclosed by twowalls, dividing the whole Temple into inner and outer areas, with the main structures enclosed in the inner area. Themost important constructions are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, the Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Heaven,The Imperial Vault of Heaven, Heaven Kitchen, Long Corridor and so on, as well as the Echo Wall, the Triple-Sound Stone, the Seven-Star Stone and others of historic interest and scenic beauty. The Temple of Heaven is acomprehensive expression of the unique construction techniques from Ming and Qing Dynasties; it is China s mosttreasured ancient architecture; it is also the world s largest architectural complex for worshipping heaven. In 1998,it was included in the list of the world heritages by the United Nation s Educational, Scientific and CulturalOr-ganization.Potala PalaceIn 641, after marrying Princess Wencheng, Songtsen Gampo decided to build a grand palace to accom-modate her and let his descendants remember the event. However, the original palacewas destroyed due to a lighte-ning strike and succeeding warfare during Landama s reign. In the seventeenth century under the reign of the FifthDalai Lama, Potala was rebuilt. The Thirteenth Dalai Lama expanded it to today s scale. The monastery-like pal-ace, reclining against and capping Red Hill, was the religious and political center of old Tibet and the winter palaceof Dalai Lamas. The palace is more than 117 meters (384 feet) in height and 360 ( 1,180 feet) in width, occupyinga building space of 90 thonsand square meters. Potala is composed of White Palace and Red Palace. The former isfor secular use while the latter is for religious.The White Palace consists of offices, dormitories, a Buddhist official seminary and a printing house. From theeast entrance of the palace, painted with images of Four Heaveniy Kings, a broad corridor upwards leads to DeyangShar .courtyard, which used to be where Dalai Lamas watched operas. Afoot the large and open courtyard, there usedto be a seminary dormitories. West of the courtyard is the White Palace. There are three ladder stairs reaching in-side of it, liowever, tbe central one was reserved for only Dalai Lamas and central government magistrates dispatchedto Tibet. In the first hallway, there are huge murals describing the construction of Potala Palace and Jokhang Templeand the procession of Princess Wencheng reaching Tibet. On the south wall, visitors will see an edict signed with theGreat Fifth s handprint. The White Palace mainly serves as the political headquarter and Dalai Lamas living quarters.The West Chamber of Sunshine and the East Chamber of Sunshine lie as the roof of the White Palace. They belongedto the ThirteenthDalai Lama and the Fourteenth Dalai Lama respectively. Beneath the East Chamber of Sunshine is thelargest hall in the White Palace, where Dalai Lamas ascended throne and ruled Tibet.Jokhang TempleJokhang Temple is the spiritual center of Tibet. Everyday pilgrims from every comer of Tibet trek along distance to the temple. Some of them even progress prostrate by body length to the threshold of the temple. Pil-grims fuel myriad of flickering butter lamps with yak butter, or honor their deities with white scarves ( Kha-btags orHada) while murmuring sacred mantras to show their pieties to the Buddha.It lies at the center of the old Lhasa. Built in 647 by Songtsen Gampo and his two foreign wives, it has ahistory of more than 1,300. It was said that Nepal Princess Tritsun decided to build a temple to house the JowoSakyamuni aged 12 brought by Chinese Princess Wencheng. Princess Wencheng reckoned according to Chinese as-trology that the temple should be built on the pool where the Jokhang now locates. She contended that the pool wasa witch s heart, so the temple should be built on the pool to get dd of evils. The pool still exists under the temple.Then goats were used as the main pack animals, as is the reason the city is called Lhasa. The construction took 12months. However it was originally small and had been expanded to today s scale in later dynasties. When the FifthDalai Lama took reign, large-scale reconstruction and renovation had been done. The temple is a combination ofHan, Tibetan and Nepalese architectural techniques. Visitors will see sphinx and other weird and sacred sculptures.。

公共英语五级分类模拟题写作Unit 11、Writing 1Directions : Some young married couples are choosing not to have children, because they think that children bring them more misery than joy； others think otherwise. Tell why you think the two groups of married couples have such different viewpoints. Which do you prefer? Explain your reasons• Write you essay no less than 250 words.2> Writing 2Directions : What is success? How can we understand success? Different people have different opinions. Write a composition about the theme of n What IsSuccess?based on the information given in the outline below：1.Different opinions on success•2.Ways to achieve success•3.My opinion on success.In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the outline • You should write no les s than 250 words•Unit 23、Writing 1Directions : You have read an article in a newspaper special column which states, 11Our world is too dependent on oil • Without oil the world would be ruined11•Write an article for the same newspaper to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should write no less than 250 words.4、Writing 2Directions : Throughout our country, more and more private schools are set up. Some people doubt about the effectiveness of these private schools. They say adequate money doesn't necessarily guarantee better education.Write an article to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to support your argument. You should write no less than 250 words.Unit 35、Writing 1Directions: With the widespread computers, there is an increase in the number of people making use of Internet. Some people believe that Internet will bring great benefits to people while others think Internet may cause depression.Write an article about it to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should write no less than 250 words.6、Writing 2Directions : Nowadays, more and more students have jobs while they are still students. What is your opinion on teenagers taking part-time jobs? Support your idea by using specific reasons and details- Write your essay no less than 250 words.Unit 47> Writing 1Directions: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspaper, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal livesof famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion. Write you essay no less than 250 words.8、Writing 2Directions : You must select a person to teach others to do a job. Which one of the following is the most important for you to consider in choosing a teacher?1- The person 1s education.2• The person 1s work experience•3• The quality of person1s previous work.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Unit 59、Writing 1Directions: Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students . Which view do you agree with? Explain your reasons • Write your essay no less than 250 words.10> Writing 2Directions: People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficultiesof modem life. Some read； some exercise； others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? Use specific details and example in your essay. Your essay should be no less than 250 words.答案：Unit 1Whether a couple should have children or not has long been a debatable question. Today many young couples choose not to have children. They say that children bring more misery than joy. The romantic mood between the couples will vanish and be replaced by a mass of routine housework as soon as a baby is born. Then the couple will have to be busy washing diapers, feeding and looking after the baby, etc.. The parents have to stay with the child all day long and can11 even go to the movies or visit some places as freely as they used to•But there are some opposite. Some people believe that the advantages of having children outweigh all disadvantages and a child will bring them many interesting things in life. The main reason they think so is that when they are old, nobody will take care of them without a child. Another reason is that they think bringing up a child is their duty. Though it makes them do a lot more work, it adds many happy things to their lives. For example, they will feel so proud when a child makes great progress•In my opinion, having one or two children is a good thing but having too many children is a kind of misery. A naive child can make a young married couple forget the various evil things in society, such as cheat, lie, insolence, oppression and so on. Though a child may cause a lot of noise and disturbance, yet no matter how much trouble a child may bring, he is still the treasure of the couple and is the crystallization of their love, and without a child, the love between the couple will diminish as the days go by. 2、What is success? Different people hold different views on this question. Some think that one is successful if he can make a great deal of money. Others argue that success means holding an important governmenta1 position. Still others believe that whoever has got high academic title is successful • It is clear that there are quite different opinions o n success.In order to become successful, you should first of all be both perseverant and hardworking. As you know, whatever you do, there are always two possible results: success and failure. When you fail, you should never lose heart. On the contrary, you must build up your confidence and work even harder. You should always keep in mind that perseverance is the method. It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work. Finally, it is important for you to get along well withyour co-workers, care for each other and help each other. If you follow these principles, you will certainly achieve remarkable success in the future.In my opinion, success means achieving brilliant result in one * s work, that is, making outstanding contributions to the development of the country and bringing happiness to the people. So my conclusion is that even if one has made great progress in what he does, I don't think there's any reason for him to be conceited. Unit 23> On Nov.21st, 1999, this column carried an article asserting our world is too dependent on oil and that without oil the world would be ruined. It especially mentions transportation means • Here 1 have to say I cannot agree to this statement.It is true that oil is playing a very important role in our lif e, economically, politically and militarily. Many wars have happened in the Middle East because of oil, the US-Iraq War in early 90s is a good example. But that does not necessarily mean that without oil our world would meet its doom.There are many energy sources that we are using even today. Take electricity for example. While we are using some electricity produced by oil, most of it is produced by coal and water. We also know that many countries, especially in developed countries, a high percentage of electricity is from nuclear power stations.Well, let us also take transportation means for example to see if without oil we would be able to go nowhere. First let us look at trains. In some places, diesel is used as f uel• But diesel is frequently replaced by electricity. Then let us look at cars and buses • In Bei j ing, buses have started using LNG (liquefied natural gas) -- not LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) , by the way. One may ask how about planes? Yes, at present, planes mainly fly by oil. But planes are not everything. What is more, so far as I know, scientists are testing the substitutions of oil because the resource of petroleum underground cannot last forever.In conclusion, oil is important, but it is not indispensable, especially in thefuture. 4、Nowadays, more and more private schools have beenset up in China • In my opinion, the private school has enough advantages to justify its existence and development in our country•For one thing, private schools can make up for the shortage of schools in our country. As is known to all, our country is a developing one and we have the largest population in the world• The demand for primary, secondary and advanced education is far beyond what the government can provide. With the setting up of private schools, the money of private persons and organizations is invested into education, thus relieving the financial burden of the government. The government can then use the limited amount of money in poorer areas and thus ensure more children1 s right to go to school • For another, private schools offer an objective environment to ensure the quality of education. Private schools are equipped with better living facilities and modern teaching equipment• Moreover, private schools offer higher pay for teachers and they can work hard； they can really receive a better education. Maybe private schools can provide more talents and better constructors for our country.Of course, students in private schools may develop some undesirable traits, such as a sense of superiority. But such side effects can be minimized and even avoided through proper moral teaching. I believe private schools will go good to the education of China. Unit 35、As computers are increasingly popular, we can have more access to Internet . It is true that Internet can bring us a lot of benefits. With Internet we can connect with the rest of the world. We can build relationships with people who are in places we cannot go. We can enjoy services offered on the net.Internet z however, also brings us some side effects . Internet use may cause a decline in psychological well being. According to the research done in an America university, even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently• It wasn1t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being. Faceless, bodiless n virtual" communication may less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and relationships formed through it may be shallower. What * s more, exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.Though Internet use may cause some side-effects, we must remember that this is not about the technology itself；it1s about how it is used. If it can be used properly, Internet can be more beneficial to our life . Inmany countries it is common for teenagers to take part-time jobs while they are still in high school z while in other societies this is virtually unheard of. In the latter situation, students are expected to spend all of their time on their studies and consider schoolwork their n job11 . In my opinion, students benefit more from a more balanced lifestyle, which may include working at a part-time job. Therefore, I believe that it is a good idea for students to work while studying.While it is true that a student1s most important goal must be to learn and to do well at his studies, it does not need to be the only goal. In fact, a life which consists of only study is not balanced and may cause the student to miss out on other valuable learning experiences. In addition to bringing more balance to a student1s life, part-time work can broaden his range of experience. He will have the opportunity to meet people from all walks of life and will be faced with a wider variety of problems to solve. Furthermore, work helps a student to develop greater independence, and earning his own pocket money can teach him how to handle his finances. Finally, a part-time job can help a student to develop a greater sense of responsibility, both for his own work and for that of the team he works with.For all of these reasons, I firmly believe that most students would benefit from taking a part-time job while they are in high school. Of course z they must be careful not to let it take up too much of their time because study is still their primary responsibility. In sum, living a balanced life is the best way to be successful.Unit 47、In ahnost every form of media, including television, newspapers and magazines, a great deal of attention is paid to the personal lives of celebrities . It seems that the public cannot get enough of this kind of news. However, I believe that the media have a responsibility to present a balanced view of the world, as well as respect the lives of public figures. Therefore, I believe that the media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people.For people who are fascinated with the lives of public figures there are some forms of media devoted exclusively to this topic. They can satisfy their curiosity by buying fan magazines and watching TV shows devoted to entertainment news. The general media should present all types of information because people have different interests . Furthermore, the practice of dwelling on the private lives of celebrities can lead people to pay more attention to these matters than they otherwise would. Perhaps most importantly, the media should respect the privacy of every individual, including public figures . They may have chosen to be in the public eye, but that does not give the public the right to know everything about them. Moreover, many stories about celebrities are untrue；they are only gossip reported to increase sales of magazines and other media • They are unfair to the famous and mislead the public•For all of these reasons, I believe that the media should pay more attention to matters other than the private lives of public figures. In this way, they can appeal to a wider audience and encourage people to develop other interests . In my opinion, the media currently pay too much attention to the private lives of public figures.8、When a person needs to learn how to do a job,the quality of his teacher can greatly influence his chances of success. Therefore, it is important to select a teacher who is well-suited to the task. If I had to choose someone to teach others to do a job, 1would consider the applicants 1 education, work experiences, and the quality of the candidates' previous work. However, I would put the most emphasis on the last factor, quality of past work, because I believe it is the most important when teaching people how to do a practical job.Education can be an indication of how qualified a teacher is, but a well-educated person is not necessarily good at putting theory into practice. So, although I would still consider it, I believe it to be the least relevant of the three factors. Work experience is more important, and it should be related to the job at hand. However, while many candidates may have relevant work experience, they will not all have the same level of skill. I believe a teacher should be able to do the job well himself before he can teach others. Therefore, it would look closely at the quality of the applicant1s previous work. A teacher who can do the job well will not only be able to pass along his knowledge and skill to his student, but inspire them to believe that they can also succeed at this job. This teacher would be the best example to them.In conclusion, although all three factors are important to consider when selecting a teacher, the quality of previous work carries the most weight. Someone who has proven he can actually do the job well will be a better choice than someone who merely knows how one should do it, or one who has tried many times without great success. A successful person is the best one to teach others how to do a job.Unit 59、This is no denying that a college or university education is very beneficial . Those who receive higher education have more opportunities• They often hold better jobs, earn a higher income and enjoy a more comfortable and secure lifestyle . Unfortunately, places in university are often limited and reserved for "good” students • It is my belief that this practice is not only detrimental to those students denied a college or university education, but to the society as a whole. Therefore, higher education should be available to all students.One reason that higher education should not be limited to good students is that not all secondary students study in equal circumstances. The facilities and teaching at some high schools are superior to those at others, and the students who study there enjoy a great advantage. In addition, a student1s performance can be affected by his or her home environment or family financial pressure • It is often more difficult for a student from a disadvantaged environment and school district to perform well. However, this does not mean that the student would not appreciate and benefit from higher education if given the opportunity.Another reason for marking higher education available to all is to encourage less capable students to improve. If marginal students believe that they have no hope of entering university, they may feel that there is no point in studying diligently. However, if they see a more direct relationship between their academic performance and their future opportunities, they will be more motivated. In this way, a poor student may turn out to be a good one •Finally, a better-educated population contributes to the growth and prosperityof a society as a whole. For this reason； it is advantageous to educate as manyyoung people as possible. Furthermore, by denying higher education to students whodo not make their secondary education, the country may be ignoring a future Einstein. When every person in the society is given the opportunity to reach his or her full potential, the society will benefit.For all of these reasons, I believe that higher education should be availableto all students, not only to those with good academic performance in high school. Of course, it is desirable to encourage good performance in students. This can be done by offering financial support in the form of scholarships to those who work hard. In this way, we can ensure that students have the ability to take advantage of the opportunities available to them.10、Inevitably, we must all face a certain amount of stress in our lives. While modem life offers us many conveniences, it also requires us to deal with pressure and frustration in daily life. It is important for all of us to find a way to relieve this stress in order to live happy and healthy lives. Some people prefer to engage in physical exercise by running or paying a sport, and some feel more relaxed after watching TV or even sleeping. As for me, I find that the best way to reduce stress is to spend time with family and friends.One reason I prefer to spend time with others is that their company is a pleasant distraction. When under stress, if I spend time alone, I may continue to dwell on my problems. Sharing good time with family or friends, on the other hand, helps me to forget my worries • Another reason is that I have an opportunity to discuss my problems. Their advice is often helpful because they can see my situation more objectively than I can. Furthermore, simply talking about my problems often makes me think of what is important in life and helps me to keep things in perspective•For all of these reasons, I believe that the best way to reduce stress is to spend time with others. Because it helps me to relax and keep life in perspective, it is the method I prefer when。

(PP l-5 for Interlocutor)Part A: Self-introduction (2 minutes)Interlocutor:Good morning (afternoon/evening). Could I have your mark sheets, please? Thank you.(Hand over the mark sheets to the Assessor.)My name is... and this is my colleague...He/she is not going to ask you any questions, but he/she is just going to be listening to us.So, your name is... and... ? Thank you.First of all, we’d like to know something about you, so I’m going to ask you some questions about yourselves. (Begin with Candidate A, then move on to Candidate B)Now (say the name of the candidate and ask the questions).Hometownl Where are you from?l How long did you live there?l What’s it like living there?l How does your hometown compare with (place where the candidate is currently living)?Familyl What about your family?l Could you tell us something about it?Work/ Studyl What do you do in (the candidate’s hometown), do you work or study? (If the candidate has already started work:)l What does your work involve?l Is your job something you always wanted to do?l How long do you think you will stay in this job?(If the candidate is still at school, college or university:)l What are your favourite subjects at school? What exactly are you studying?l What type of Work are you hoping to do in the future?l What qualifications will you need to do that?(For Interlocutor)Part B: Collaboration (5 minutes)Topic: Reasons for the popularity of online gamesNow, (say the names of Candidate A and Candidate B), here is a list of reasons for the popularity of online games. (Hand out the list to the candidates and let them read it through.) Why are online games so popular?Choose three from the list and tell each other why. If you hold different opinions you may argue and you may also add your own ideas that are not listed here. You just talk to each other and I won’t join you. You have 5 minutes.All right. Would you begin? (The interlocutor may sit back and intervene only when necessary.)Reasons for the popularity of online gamesl To kill timel To make more friendsl To experience a different life stylel To earn pocket moneyl To relieve oneself of stressl To entertain oneselfl To escape from reality(For Interlocutor)Part C: Presentation (8 minutes)Interlocutor:Now, in this part of the test I’m going to give each of you a list of three different topics. I’d like you to select one of the topics and give a short presentation of about 2 minutes.When (say the name of Candidate A) has finished talking, I’d like you, (say the name of Candidate B), to ask him/her one or two questions. You may make notes while you are preparing and take notes while the other person is talking.All right? Here are your topics.Hand over the Topic Card, A & B,and some blank paper and a pencil to each candidate.Now you’ll have 2 minutes to prepare.The candidates are given 2 minutes.(For Interlocutor)Only for 3-candidate Format Part C: PresentationTopic CardC(PP 6-8 for Assessor)Part B: Collaboration (5 minutes)Topic: Reasons for the popularity of online gamesNow, (say the names of Candidate A and Candidate B), here is a list of reasons for the popularity of online game. (Hand out the list to the candidates and let them read it through.) Why are online games so popular?Choose three from the list and tell each other why. If you hold different opinions you may argue and you may also add your own ideas that are not listed here. You just talk to each other and I won’t join you. You have 5 minutes.All right. Would you begin? (The interlocutor may sit back and intervene only when necessary.)Reasons for the popularity of online gamesl To kill timel To make more friendsl To experience a different life stylel To earn pocket moneyl To relieve oneself of stressl To entertain oneself(PP 9-12 for Candidate)Part B: Collaboration (5 minutes)Topic: Reasons for the popularity of online gamesThe following is a list of reasons for the popularity of online games. Why are online games so popular?Choose three from the list and tell each other why. If you hold different opinions you may argue and you may also add your own ideas that are not listed here.Reasons for the popularity of online gamesl To kill time(For Candidate) Part C: Presentation Topic CardB。

Passage Four (It Is Bush)On the 36th day after they had voted, Americans finally learned Wednesday who would be their next president: Governor George W. Bush of Texas.Vice President Al Gore, his last realistic avenue for legal challenge closed by a U. S. Supreme Court decision late Tuesday, planned to end the contest formally in a televised evening speech of perhaps 10 minutes, advisers said.They said that Senator Joseph Lieberman, his vice presidential running mate, would first make brief comments. The men would speak from a ceremonial chamber of the Old Executive office Building, to the west of the White House.The dozens of political workers and lawyers who had helped lead Mr. Gore’s unprecedented fight to claw a come-from-behind electoral victory in the pivotal state of Florida were thanked Wednesday and asked to stand down.“The vice president has directed the recount committee to suspend activities,”William Daley, the Gore campaign chairman, said in a written statement.Mr. Gore authorized that statement after meeting with his wife, Tipper, and with top advisers including Mr. Daley.He was expected to telephone Mr. Bush during the day. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved gingerly, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.Yet, at the end of a trying and tumultuous process that had focused world attention on sleepless vote counters across Florida, and on courtrooms form Miami to Tallahassee to Atlanta to Washington the Texas governor was set to become the 43d U. S. president.The news of Mr. Gore’s plans followed the longest and most rancorous dispute over a U. S. presidential election in more than a century, one certain to leave scars in a badly divided country.It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 271votes to 267-the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of 1876.Mr. Gore was said to be distressed by what he and many Democratic activists felt was a partisan decision from the nation’s highest court.The 5-to -4 decision of the Supreme Court held, in essence, that while a vote recount in Florida could be conducted in legal and constitutional fashion, as Mr. Gorehad sought, this could not be done by the Dec. 12 deadline for states to select their presidential electors.James Baker 3rd, the former secretary of state who represented Mr. Bush in the Florida dispute, issued a short statement after the U. S. high court ruling, saying that the governor was “very pleased and gratified.”Mr. Bush was planning a nationwide speech aimed at trying to begin to heal the country’s deep, aching and varied divisions. He then was expected to meet with congressional leaders, including Democrats. Dick Cheney, Mr. Bush’s ruing mate, was meeting with congressmen Wednesday in Washington.When Mr. Bush, who is 54, is sworn into office on Jan.20, he will be only the second son of a president to follow his father to the White House, after John Adams and John Quincy Adams in the early 19th century.Mr. Gore, in his speech, was expected to thank his supporters, defend his hive-week battle as an effort to ensure, as a matter of principle, that every vote be counted, and call for the nation to join behind the new president. He was described by an aide as “resolved and resigned.”While some constitutional experts had said they believed states could present electors as late as Dec. 18, the U. S. high court made clear that it saw no such leeway.The U.S. high court sent back “for revision”to the Florida court its order allowing recounts but made clear that for all practical purposes the election was over.In its unsigned main opinion, the court declared, “The recount process, in its features here described, is inconsistent with the minimum procedures necessary to protect the fundamental right of each voter.”That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court’s proceedings bore a political taint.Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in an angry dissent:”Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year’s presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation’s confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the law.”But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen in more than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.The Bush team welcomed the news with an outward show of restraint and aplomb. The governor’s hopes had risen and fallen so many times since Election night, and the legal warriors of each side suffered through so many dramatic reversals, that there was little energy left for celebration.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. Bush’s victory in presidential election bore a political taint.[B]. The process of the American presidential election.[C]. The Supreme Court plays a very important part in the presidential election.[D]. Gore is distressed.2. What does the sentence “as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next step”mean[A]. Bush hopes Gore to join his administration.[B]. Bush hopes Gore to concede defeat and to support him.[C]. Bush hopes Gore to congraduate him.[D]. Bush hopes Gore go on fighting with him.3. Why couldn’t Mr. Gore win the presidential election after he outpolled Mr. Bush in the popular vote? Because[A]. the American president is decided by the supreme court’s decision.[B]. people can’t directly elect their president.[C]. the American president is elected by a slate of presidential electors.[D]. the people of each state support Mr. Bush.4. What was the result of the 5-4 decision of the supreme court?[A]. It was in fact for the vote recount.[B]. It had nothing to do with the presidential election.[C]. It decided the fate of the winner.[D]. It was in essence against the vote recount.5. What did the “turbulent election of 1876”imply?[A]. The process of presidential election of 2000 was the same as that.[B]. There were great similarities between the two presidential elections (2000 and 1876).[C]. It was compared to presidential election of 2000.[D]. It was given an example.Vocabulary1. avenue 通向成功/获取成功的途径/手段2. running mate 竞选伙伴，3. 如作为总统的竞选伙伴，4. 获胜后为副总统5. pivotal 重要的，6. 枢纽的7. gingerly=carefully 小心翼翼地8. tumultuous 吵闹的，9. 骚动的，10. 激动的11. rancorous 充满仇恨的12. elector 总统选举团成员13. elector college 美国选举总统的选举团14. leeway 风压差，15. 余地16. for all practical purpose 事实上，17. 实际18. fracture 断裂，19. 折断20. taint 污点，21. 败坏，22. 感染23. dissent 不同24. 意，25. 异议26. provisionally 暂时的，27. 临时的28. aplomb 镇静，29. 沉着30. restraint 抑制，31. 克制，32. 谨慎难句译注1. stand down 退出竞争/竞选，辞职，推出法庭。

公共英语五级分类模拟题8Section I Use of EnglishMachines and foreign competition will replace 1 of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for peop 1 e 2 in the occupations of the future. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United States in 1995, 3 service-industry jobs growing three times 4 rapidlyas factory jobs < 11Work will shift its emphasis from the fatigue and 5 of the production line and the typing pool to the more interesting challenge of the electronic service center, the design studio, the research laboratory, the education institute, and the training school, H predicts Canadian economist Calvert.Jobs in high-tech fields will multiply fastest, 6 from a low base.In 7 of actual numbers, more mundane occupations will experience the biggest surge: custodians, cashiers, secretaries, waiters and clerks. Yet much of the drudge work will be taken 8 by robots.The 9 of robots performing blue-collar tasks will increase 10 3 000 in 1981 to 40 000 in 1990 z says John E. Taylor of the Human Resources Research Organization in Alexandria, Va. Robots might also be found on war zones, 11 space-even in the office, perhaps 12 coffee, opening mall anddelivering messages.One unsolved problem： what to do 13 workers displaced by high technology and foreign competition14 the world 11 the likelihood of growing permanent unemployment is becoming 15 accepted as a reality among social planners,n notes David Macarov z associate professor of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Meantime, the percentage of time peop 1 e 16 on the job is 17 to continue to fall• Robert Theobald, 18 of Avoiding 1984, fears that joblessness will 19 to increasing depression, bitterness, and unrest. 11 The dramatic consequences of such a shift on the Western psyche, 20 has made the jobthe way we value human beings, are almost incalculable z n he comments.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1From China to America, political leaders are wondering how to handle with the newly-elected Russian President Vladimir V. Putin. The 47-year-old leader has not yet to reveal details of his foreign-policy vision, but this is much clear. He wants Russia to stand tall—or at least, taller—in the world. ,!It would be unreasonable to be afraid of a strong Russia, but one should reckon with it, "he declared in an n open letter11 to voters shortly after they elected him on March 26. "One can insult us only at one1s own peril•HThe important point is whether Putin1s efforts to build new respect for Russia will lead to confrontation with the West. For now, Putin seems hopeful of putting Russian—Western relations on a better standing— despite U.S. and European criticism of the Chechen War • Putin is the one taking the initiative, media say, for a tete-a-tete withU. S . President Bill Cl in ton • The pair discussed a possible meeting when Clinton called Putin on March 27 to congratulate him. They hope to meet before the July Group of Eight meetimg in Okinawa • Putin wants it to be constructive, n says Robert Legvoid, a Russia watcher at Columbia University.The newpresident, Putin seems willing to negotiate arms control and security issues with Washington. Clinton wants Russia 1s agreement to revise the 1972 anti-ballistic missile treaty so that the U. S. can build a limited national missile d efense• Putin would want something in return—perhaps the right to sell its missile-defense technology to potential customers such as South Korea . Putin is also looking for a deal from the Paris Club of creditor governments23> Which of the following was born in is often considered as the one who takes advantage of any gain power or money < has shown details of his foreign-policy attitude• is very powerful. the last paragraph imply?A. B.opportunity c. D. He He to He He24N What doesstatements about Putin is true? 1950 .A.B.C.D. is vital to Russia•on reducing $40 billion in Soviet debt. Encouraged by Putin1s promises to enforce the rule of law, the creditors are likely to give him a break•Any sober calculation of Russia 1s global status suggests that Russia needs the West more than the West needs Russia • And whatever is general ly thought, Russia has more to gain from America and Europe than it does from China • That1 s why the West should be unafraid of laying down rules for Putin—and brace for a time of testing. Putin is often described as both an opportunist and a cynic, but there is no doubt one attribute that he respects: power.21> What does the sentence "one can insult us only at one 1 s own peril n mean in the first paragraph?A.One can insult us only when one is in peril.B.Anyone who offends us will be in danger•C.Anyone who is in peril can insult us.D.We111 never offend those who are in danger•22、According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true?A.Putin was elected on March 26.B.Clinton called Putin on March 27 to congratulate him.C.Clinton wants Putin to maintain the 1972 anti-ballistic missiletreaty.D.Putin wants the fight to sell its missile-defence technology to will-be customers.China Russia is a threat to China. Russia needs the West in some aspects. Russia is a threat to the West. 25N In the last sentence of the last paragraph the word 11cynic n is closest inmeaning toA.n a fault-finding critic".B . 11 a peace-loving man11 .C . 11 an outgoing man H•D . 11 a favorite companion n .Text 2Standard English is that variety of English which is usually used in print, and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers studying the language. It is also the variety which is normally spoken by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other similar situations . The difference between standard and non-standard, it should be noted, has nothing in principle to do with differencesbetween formal and colloquial language ； Standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.Historically, the standard variety of English is derived from the London dialect of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one preferred by the educated, and it was developed and promoted as a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the norm that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export • Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used：variation among local standards is really quite minor, so that the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very little different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are concerned. Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous pressure on all local varieties, to the extent that many of the long-established dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to converge toward the standard. This latter situation is not unique to English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are under way. But it sometimes brings problems to speakers who try to strike some kind of compromisebetween local norms and national, even supranational ones.26、What are the characteristics of Standard English?A.It is usually used in print•B.It is normally taught in schools•C.It is used in news broadsts•D.A z B and C.27> Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?A.Standard English is better than non-standard English.B.Standard English does not differ from non-standard English in principle.C. Standard English can be both formal and colloquial.D. Non-standard English is the same as colloquial English.28> Which of the following factors did not contribute to the London dialect becoming Standard English?A.The court moved from Winchester to London.B.The dialect was used by educated people.C• The dialect remained unaffected by foreign trade.D. The dialect was gradually accepted and spoken by more and more people.29^ In terms of grammar and vocabulary, Standard EnglishA.differs greatly from dialects in the United Kingdom. B・ differs greatly from varieties outside U. K.C.differs little from any variety in the world• D・ is the same with any variety of English.30> The strong influence of Standard English is causingA.many new varieties to appear.B• many dialects to lose their uniqueness.C• variation among dialects to grow.D• different local standards to diverge•Text 3Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year 1s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they1 re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. 11This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,n says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, n and the lack of redundancy in our system. 11Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response• Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year 1s flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers ( Chiron and Aventis Pasteur) - - and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn f t much the other can do about it • H A vaccine maker can11 just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs, H says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There's a whole industry that1s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. HSleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year1s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines • Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals 1 Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply.The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That1 s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.31> Shortages of flue vaccine show that .A.America relies too much on foreign suppliersB.the demand of flue vaccines is high this yearC.quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine productionD.the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-upmeasures to make it up32、The word "cleared” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) might mean .A. permitted B . removed C . proved D. produced33> Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of .A. complicated process, high cost, low profit and high riskB・ shortages of fertilized chicken eggsC・ difficulty in growing live virusD・ fast changing of flu virus34^ From the last paragraph we can infer that ・A.the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictionsB.more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shotscan not get them this yearC.America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year D .normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccineshots each year35> According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year•B.The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.C.More flu vaccines can not be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.D.Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures. Part BIt was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window • In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly upon me. I was annoyed at his interest • I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing• But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn1t see why I shouldn 1t write my letters by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and released the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write•36III She 1 s gone to the market, H Gertha said. H She 1 11 be back in half an hour. n 37"I shall tell Frau Chef/" she said.Something in her manner made me ask, H Has t his ever happened before • ! ?H11 Once or twice this year, n she said. H1111 speak to Frau Chef.” And she added, with her music-hall grimace, H He was probably counting your eyelashes . H38now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes • There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an in ch of his face, the fury on mine • It was too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Frau Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our side approached the Stroh premises • I continue to stare, and Herr Stroh continued to goggle through his glasses.Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by aninvisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared•39H Did she telephone to his house?n11 No, Frau Chef doesn11 use the phone；it mixes her up.”11 Who protested, then? n"Frau Chef."11 But she hasn11 been across to see him. 11 ve been watching the house. n11No, Frau Chef doesn11 visit with him. But don 11 worry, he knows all right that he mustn1t annoy our guests.nWhen I looked out of the window again, I saw that the blind of Herr Stroh1 s room had been pulled down, and so it remained for the rest of my stay.Meantime, I went out to post my letters in the box opposite our hotel, across the path. The sun had come out more strongly, and Herr Stroh stood in his doorway blinking up at the roof of the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. He was engrossed, he did not notice me at all.40Like most of the roofs in that province, the Lublonitsch roof had a railed ledge running several inches above the eaves, for the purpose of preventing the snow from falling in heavy thumps during the winter• On this ledge, just below an attic window, stood the gold-and-rose ormolu clock that I had seen in Frau Lublonitsch1s splendid bedroom.I turned the corner just as Herr Stroh gave up his gazing；he went indoors, sullen and bent. Two car-loads of people who had moved into the hotel that morning were now moving out z shifting their baggage with speed and the signs of a glad departure. I know that his house was nearly empty.A.I didn1 t want to draw his attention by following the line of his gaze but 1was curious as to what held him staring so trancelike up at our roof• On my way back from the postbox I saw what it was•B.I caught sight of a tiled stove constructed of mosaic tiles that were not a local type. 1 also noticed, standing upon the cabinet, a large ornamental clock；each curve and twirl in the case of this clock was overlaid with that gildedbronze alloy which is known as ormolu < The clock twinkled in the sunlight which slanted between the window hangings.C.I looked up a few moments later, and this time Herr Stroh was seated on a chair a little way back from the window• He was facing me squarely and holding tohis eyes a pair of field-glasses.D.I returned to my room. Herr Stroh still sat inposition, the field-glassesin his hands resting on his knees • As soon as I came within view, he raised the glasses to his eyes. I decided to stare him out until such time as Frau Lublonitsch should return and take the matter in hand.E.Just then Gertha knocked at my door. n Frau Chef has protested, and you won11 have any more trouble,H she said.F.So I lodged my complaint with Gertha.Part CAHydro powerIntroductionWe have used running water as an energy source for thousands of years, mainly to grind com.The first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectricity was Cragside House, in Northumberland, England, in 1878 . In 1882 on the Fox River, in the USA, hydroelectricity produced enough power to light two paper mills and a house.Nowadays there are many hydro-electric power stations, providing around 20% of the world1 s electricity. The name comes from u hydro z,, the Greek word for water.How it worksA dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake .Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.AdvantagesOnce the dam is built, the energy is virtually free.No waste or pollution produced.Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave power.Water can be stored above the dam ready to cope with peaks in demand.Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly, unlike other power stations.DisadvantagesThe dams are very expensive to build.Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream, causing problems for animals that used to live there.Finding a suitable site can be difficult--the impact on residents and the environment may be unacceptable.Water quality and quantity downstream can be affected, which can have an impact on plant life.Is it renewable?Hydro-electric power is renewable.The Sun provides the water by evaporation from the sea, and will keep on doing so•BNuclear powerIntroductionNuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world•The first large-scale nuclear power station opened at Calder Hall in Cambria, England, in 1956.Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plants for engines .How it worksNuclear power stations work inpretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a u chain reaction,/inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission. Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half an d release energy in the form of heat•Carbon dioxide gas is pumped through the reactor to take the heat away, and the hot gas then heats water to make steam.AdvantagesNuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it1 s not expensive to make .Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel.Produces small amounts of waste.DisadvantagesAlthough not much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous.It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away.Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety.Is it renewable?Nuclear energy from Uranium is not renewable.Once we' ve dug up all the Earth1 s uranium and used it. there isn * t any more .cSolar powerIntroductionWe * ve used the Sun for drying clothes and food for thousands of years. but only recently have we been able to use it for generating power.The Sun is 150 million kilometers away, and amazingly powerful•Just the tiny fraction of the Sun's energy that hits the Earth (around a hundredth of a millionth of a percent) is enough to meet all our power needs many times over.How it worksThere are three main ways that we use the Sun1s energy：Solar Cells (really called u photovoltaic,z or u photoelectric,z cells) that convertlight directly into electricity.In a sunny climate, you can get enough power to run a 100W light bulb from just one square meter of solar panel.This was originally developed in order to provide electricity for satellites,but these days many of us own calculators powered by solar cells.Solar water heating, where heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glasspanels on your roof.This means you don11 need to use so much gas or electricity to heat your waterat home.Solar Furnaces use a huge array of mirrors to concentrate the Sun 1 s energyinto a small space and produce very high temperatures.AdvantagesSolar energy is free-it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pol lution•In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity to a remote place.Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers.DisadvantagesDoesn1t work at night.Very expensive to build solar power stations.Solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they111 produce in their lifetime•Can be unreliable unless you1re in a very sunny climate•Is it renewable?Solar power is renewable < The Sun will keep On shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it•DWind powerIntroductionWe 1 ve used the wind as an energy source for a long time. The Babylonians and Chinese were using wind power to pump water for irrigating crops 4,000 years ago,and sailing boats were arou nd long before that •Wind power was used in the Middle Ages z in Europe, to grind corn. which iswhere the term''windmill" comes from.How it worksThe Sun heats our atmosphere unevenly, so some patches become warmer than others.These warm patches of air rise, other air blows in to replace them—and we feel a wind blowing•We can use the energy in the wind by building a tall tower, with a large propeller on the top . The wind blows the propeller round, which turns a generator to produce electricity.The more towers, the more wind, and the larger the propellers, the more electricity we can make.AdvantagesWind is free, wind farms need no fuel.Produces no waste or greenhouse gases.The land beneath can usually still be used for farming.Wind farms Can be to urist attractions•A good method of supplying energy to remote areas.DisadvantagesThe wind is not always predictable—some days have no wind.Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive.Can kill birds—migrating flocks tend to like strong winds•Section I Use of English millions 2 > trainedbut making likely Section7、8、terms13 with18、authoron14、3、withnumber Around19、lead4、as10> from15^ more20^ which5、monotony11> in16^ spend6、12、17、II Reading ComprehensionText 121> A Text 2 22、 C 23、 B 24、C 25、ACan affect television reception if you live nearby•Is it renewable?Wind power is renewable. Winds will keep on blowing； it makes sense to use them.41> was developed to provide electricity for satellites at the beginning?42、can promote tourism development?43、may give off dangerous radioactive pollution into the air?44、may affect the downstream water quality and have an impact on plant life?45、stations can increase to full power very quickly?46、produces small amounts of waste?47、is a good method of supplying energy to remote areas?48、provides around 20%of the world's electricity?49、can be used to heat your water at home instead of so much gas or electricity?50> is not renewable?Section III Writing51、With the widespread computers, there is an increase in the number of people making use of internet. Some people believe that internet will bring great benefits to people while others think Internet may cause depression.Write an article about it to clarify your own points of view towards this issue .You should write no less than 250 words • Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.答案:Part A26、D［解析］由短文第一段中的"Standard English is that variety of English which isusually used in prints and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers studying the language in news broadcasts …•〃可•知答案为D。