科技英语翻译和写作简介PPT课件
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科技英语翻译(1)PPT教学课件
2020/12/11
科技英语写作与翻译
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2020/12/11
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically，“three peaks”in translation movements：东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片战争至 ‘五四“ 的西学翻译。（ First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842）
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2020/12/11
科技英语文体与其它英语文体的对比
1. 与文学文体的对比 Springs are not always the same. In some years, April
bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques(华丽乐章) of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight. In other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway.” I know you are out there,” I cry. “Come in!” and April slips into our arms.
科技英语写作与翻译
1
2020/12/11
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically，“three peaks”in translation movements：东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片战争至 ‘五四“ 的西学翻译。（ First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842）
5
2020/12/11
科技英语文体与其它英语文体的对比
1. 与文学文体的对比 Springs are not always the same. In some years, April
bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques(华丽乐章) of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight. In other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway.” I know you are out there,” I cry. “Come in!” and April slips into our arms.
科技英语的翻译PPT课件
• 例：camera + recorder → camcorder 摄 录机(一种把摄像和录像机二合一的产品)
• medical + care → medicare 医疗保健 • transfer + resistor → transistor 晶体管 • Web + log →blog (博客),
• 科技英语词汇借用的词有人名、地名、商标名。
• 借用人名：
• 物理学中的电力单位watt (瓦特)：英国科学家James Watt
• 电压单位volt (伏特) ：意大利科学家 Alexandro Volta
• 电 流 强 度单 位 ampere (安培 ) 法 国科 学 家 Andre Marie Ampere
• 我们经过研究并且设计了一套小型自行复叠制冷实验装置。经实验，得出了该循环方式不 受制冷剂配比影响的结论。使该技术可以方便地在大中型系统例如金枪鱼速冻与冷藏系统 中推广使用。
第5页/共20页
• In this application study, a small auto-cascade refrigeration system自行复叠制冷装置is designed and proved not to be interfered by the variable ingredient proportion of the refrigerants制冷剂. Thus it can be applied to large refrigeration systems大中型制冷系统 such as tuna refrigeration systems金枪鱼速冻与冷藏系 统.
• 此外，在EST中普遍采取以名词为中心构成的词组表达 动词概念，这些词组中的动词概念实际上是由其中做宾 语的名词来体现的，其中的动词被称为“空心动词” (empty verbs)，该动词着重体现语法功能，而非主 题功能 (thematic function)。
• medical + care → medicare 医疗保健 • transfer + resistor → transistor 晶体管 • Web + log →blog (博客),
• 科技英语词汇借用的词有人名、地名、商标名。
• 借用人名：
• 物理学中的电力单位watt (瓦特)：英国科学家James Watt
• 电压单位volt (伏特) ：意大利科学家 Alexandro Volta
• 电 流 强 度单 位 ampere (安培 ) 法 国科 学 家 Andre Marie Ampere
• 我们经过研究并且设计了一套小型自行复叠制冷实验装置。经实验，得出了该循环方式不 受制冷剂配比影响的结论。使该技术可以方便地在大中型系统例如金枪鱼速冻与冷藏系统 中推广使用。
第5页/共20页
• In this application study, a small auto-cascade refrigeration system自行复叠制冷装置is designed and proved not to be interfered by the variable ingredient proportion of the refrigerants制冷剂. Thus it can be applied to large refrigeration systems大中型制冷系统 such as tuna refrigeration systems金枪鱼速冻与冷藏系 统.
• 此外，在EST中普遍采取以名词为中心构成的词组表达 动词概念，这些词组中的动词概念实际上是由其中做宾 语的名词来体现的，其中的动词被称为“空心动词” (empty verbs)，该动词着重体现语法功能，而非主 题功能 (thematic function)。
科技英语翻译PPT课件
科技英语
Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed, more and more rubber was required. Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot, humid climate, but these still could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing industry.
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通顺
Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 物质是有重量和占据空间的任何东西。 [改]凡是物质，都具有重量和占有空间。
What is large and what is small is relative. 什么是大的和什么是小的是相对的。 [改]大和小是相对的。
Technology
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英语科技文献的翻译过程
理解阶段
结合上下文，推敲词义 辨明语法，弄清关系 理解原文所涉及的事物
表达阶段
直译 意译
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结合上下文，推敲词义
The rate of dissociation was followed by placing the unit on a scale and noting the weight loss due to chlorine evolution.
科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件
• Case 2: Translation of complex sentences: When translating complex sentences containing multiple subordinate clauses or long-winded expressions, it is necessary to break them down into simpler sentences or phrases for easier comprehension in the target language. For instance, the sentence "The study, which was conducted by a team of researchers from various disciplines, aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on biodiversity" can be translated as "The study, conducted by a team of researchers from different fields, aimed to assess the impact of climate change on biodiversity."
对于长句中的修饰语，可以根据中文的表达 习惯调整其顺序，以使译文更加通顺和自然 。
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Translation Techniques for Scientific
English Discourse
Cultural background considerations
了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景
对于长句中的修饰语，可以根据中文的表达 习惯调整其顺序，以使译文更加通顺和自然 。
04
Translation Techniques for Scientific
English Discourse
Cultural background considerations
了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景
科技英语翻译PPT课件
7
.
A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a reamer.
reamer /ˈriːmə/
N. a steel tool with a cylindrical or tapered shank
around which longitudinal teeth are ground, used for smoothing the bores of holes accurately to size 钻孔 器; 铰床
EST Translation
2017/03/08
1
.
Contents
Translation of nouns Practice and reflections
2
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第三章 名词和冠词的翻译
第1节 名词的译法
英语名词：普通名词、专有名词、集体名词、物 质名词和抽象名词等。
一般来说，物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词为不 可数名词，普通名词和集体名词为可数名词。
研究结果似乎表肽可以有助于控制失眠、疼痛、 和精神疾病。（ 抽象名词research 后增译名词 “结果”）
Observe the resin manufacturers’recommendations about mixing and application of the resin。
关于这种树脂的混合及涂敷，请采用树脂厂商 的推荐方法。（抽象名词recommendation后增 译了名词“方法”）
根据分子理论的观点（原理、主张），物体 的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.
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5）后置定语很常见
a. The connecting rod, in essence, is a bar or strut with a bearing at each end, whose purpose is to transmit the piston thrust to the crankshaft.
大量使用长句和逻辑关联词
• 原因：because of, due to, owing to, as, as a result of, caused by
• 转折：however, but, yet, nevertheless, otherwise
• 顺理连接：hence, consequently, accordingly, so, furthermore, in addition to
a. All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid , are made of atoms.
b. When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when steam was formed.
c. In the mean time, the development of the needed prediction methods requires the interactive use of experimental and analytical means.
4）广泛使用被动句
a. Air springs were once used in place of the other types of springs, but are now obsolete.
b. In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. 6）名词连用 a. computer programming teaching device manual
7）多用一般现在时和现在完成时
b. The directional motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system.
c. Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the electric machine.
d. When ignited, the exothermic reaction reaches the welding temperature within a few seconds.
• 限制：only, if only, expect, besides, unless • 假设：suppose, assuming
10）用图标和公式等非语言因素表达思想 11）有时采用日常用语
A paradox of manufacturing parts is that the faster the parts are made, the less accurate they are-and vice versa.
It can be concluded that the experiment was a failure. 3）大量使用名词化结构；
a. the discovery of electromagnetic wave=to discover electromagnetic wave
b. the generation of electricity by friction=to generate electricity by friction
课程要求及考核
• 期末总成绩=平时成绩（20%）+期末考 试成绩（80%）
• 平时成绩=课堂表现（20%）+平时测试 及作业（40%）+出勤考核（40%）
• 无故缺席一次扣1分，迟到或早退三次扣 1分，旷课4次以上出勤分记为0分。
科技英文翻译和写作简介
1.语言结构特点
1）大量使用专业术语 2）物称表达法
8）使用复合句与缩略词
9）经常使用长难句
a. An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it.
b. It is quite plausible that it is because of this attitude that the United States continues to lag behind Japan in improving manufacturing productivity.
汽车工程专业英语
课程学习目的
• 巩固词汇和语法知识； • 扩大本专业词汇量； • 提高阅读和翻译本专业英文资料的能力。
课程学习内容
• 科技英文翻译和写作简介 • 汽车工程专业英语阅读
教材及参考书目
• 教材： 李俊玲,罗永革主编. 汽车工程专业英语. 机械工业出 版社,2005
• 参考书目 1.刘伟,张良.汽车专业英语教程.清华大学出版社,2008 2.刘璇,于秀敏.实用汽车英语.北京理工大学出版 社,2008 3.戴文进.科技英语翻译理论与技巧.上海外语教育出 版社,2003 4.王卫平,潘丽蓉.英语科技文献的语言特点与翻译.上 海交通大学出版社,2009
e. Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings.
f. When the vehicle has an independent rear suspension system, coil springs, MacPherson struts, a sinห้องสมุดไป่ตู้le transverse leaf spring, or even torsion bars can be used.