2021-2022学年上海市普陀区高三（上）期末英语试卷1.Billionaires Race to Space In late July 2021，Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-worldambition.The billionaire founder of Amazon (1) （fly）to the edge of space-62 miles （above Earth's surface-on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.100 kilometers）"Best day ever," Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, （2）______ others weren't so impressed.They called the mission an enormous waste of money.Bezos,they argued, (2) be spending his billions to improve things onEarth.Bezos wasn't the first billionaire to set his sights on space.Nor was he the first （4）______ （criticize ）about wasting enormous personal wealth.A week (3) the Amazon founder made history,business owner Richard Branson did,too.Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, (4) （develop）by his company Virgin Galactic.Critics say that the money（7）______ （go）toward commercial space travel would be better spent on (5) they see as more important pursuits.These include working to cure diseases,reducing poverty,and helping to solve the climate crisis.Besides,launchingspacecrafts is harmful to the planet,critics declare. （9 ）______ naturalist HollyHaworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, "traveling in rockets is arguably the mostcarbon-emitting thing an individual can do."But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity.Personal funds（10）______ （put）toward high-paying jobs and a new industry.That's money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves,supporters say.Plus,their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and driveinnovation in other areas as well.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(10)Rainwater pouring into the New York City subway.Towns and roads in Pennsylvania overtaken by floodwater.These dramatic scenes made (1) in September 2021.As many as 40.5 million people have already been (2) by the effects of the climate crisis.Rising sea levels,along with extreme flooding,are putting more and more coastal residents and others at risk.By 2050，more than 1 billion people will live in countries that lack the basic systems and services to (3) sea-level rise,according to the Institute for Economics and Peace.And all these climate refugees will need to seek out new homes on dry land.One solution architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years (4) is to build floating cities.In 2019，the United Nations brought together a group of innovators.Scientists,and marine engineers to discuss the future of (5) sea-based communities. "As our climate and water ecosystems are changing,the way our cities retake to water needs to change,too," said U.N.Deputy Secretary-General AminaJ.Mohammed. "Floating cities are a means of ensuring climate adaption,as buildings can rise along with the sea."These cities can be designed as climate (6) .They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity,and grow food using hydroponics（水耕法）. "From traditional houseboat communities to high-tech experiments,there are many examples to learn from," she added.Some of these experimental floating cities are already in development.Another planned community that's attracting a lot of attention is Oceanix City,which is (7) to have one-third of its 118 islands below sea level within 60 years.Plans for Oceanix City (8) groups of hexagon-shaped（六边形）islands powered by solar and water energy.Tied to the seafloor,each human-made island would (9) around 300 people；the islands would be (10) together in communities of about 10，000 residents.Oceanix citizens would drink processed ocean water and extracted humidity from the air,and dine on a ready supply of seafood.(1)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane.Your train has no wheels,produces no (3)，makes its own electricity,and isn't affected by bad weather.This is the hyperloop,a new vision for the world's(4)，safest,and greenest form of transportation.Many have(5) this new technology,but others say the hyper loop vision is just a bunch of hot air.Hyperloop developers plan to use the properties of magnets to float,stabilize,and drive the capsules or pods for hundreds of mites through(6) tubes.Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles,what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion,engineers promise.Supporters of the technology promote additional(7) of transporting passengers and cargo by hyperloop.For example,they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's(8)，such as planes or trains,hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed,like Ubers and taxis.While the(9) would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each,developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50，000 people an hour.That's more than twice the passenger(10) of the world's fastest trains.Developers also say that hyperloop tubes would be(11) so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife.And tubes would be covered with solar panels to power the hyperloop's systems.(12)，advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.But not everyone is on board.Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned,and otherwise they won't be(13) for passengers.This would add several miles to the proposed tube tracks,Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations.Someengineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the(14)out of the tubes before each vehicle's departure.Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised,making them(15) existing high-speed transportation options. Hyperloop companies say they're (16) these concerns.They claim that they can safely maintain high speeds by having the vehicles bank around the turns as a plane does.And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer to(17) vehiclesquickly,frequently,and safely.2. A. pollution B. sound C. energy D. wind3. A. cleanest B. lightest C. latest D. fastest4. A. adapted B. explored C. embraced D. developed5. A. totally hollow B. nearly airlessC. steadily narrowD. highly flexible6. A. advantages B. costs C. qualities D. situations7. A. in constant demands B. on strict timetablesC. in changeableD. on essential services8. A. cabins B. lorries C. tubes D. vehicles9. A. fare B. capacity C. speed D. comfort10. A. underground B. parallel C. elevated D. shared11. A. However B. Therefore C. Beside D. Otherwise12. A. available B. economic C. easy D. safe13. A. force B. air C. heat D. water14. A. most popular of B. superior toC. no better thanD. least profitable15. A. addressing B. causing C. voicing D. releasing16. A. ride B. pilot C. park D. alertDFrida Kahlo was one of the most influential Latin American figures of the 20th century.As the daughter of a German father and a Mexican mother,she was born on July 6，1907.She grew up in Coyoacan,on the outskirts of Mexico City.When she was seven,a viral disease called polio made her very sick,weakening the muscles in her right leg.While in school.Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution.It was essentially a fight for better livingconditions for the disadvantaged.Because of her experiences in Mexico City,Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasants' ter,in 1925，she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone,dislocated her shoulder,and caused other terrible injuries.To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident,he began to paint.In her paintings,Kahlo really explored her identity.Her Work deals wither status as a woman,her mixed ancestry,her turbulent marriage to Mexican communist painter Diego Rivera,the pain of her injuries,and her commitment to revolutionary politics.Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism,since much of what she painted was fantastical,but Kahlo never considered herself a surrealist.Kahlo's work is unique because she took the bright colors and dramatic symbolism of Mexican culture and combined them with traditions from European art.In the most famous painting called "Two Fridas," she paints two versions of herself,one in traditional Mexican clothes and another in European clothes of an earlier century.A vein（静脉）connects the hearts of the two women,and blood is dripping out from one end.This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced.If you look closely.you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera.Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt.Check out how one of the hearts is broken.and the other one's whole.She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers.In a lot of ways,Kahlo had an unhappy life.She died when she was only 47 years old.Her art is filled with sadness,but it also expresses pride in her Mexican heritage and the joy of being a woman.17.What led Kahlo to support the rights of poor laborers？______A. The fact that her father was a German migrant laborer.B. The time she spent working as a laborer during the 1920s.C. Her marriage to the Mexican nationalist painter Diego Rivera.D. Her experiences in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution.18.Placethefollowingeventsintimeorder：① Kahlowashurtinabus accident；②Kahlowitnessed the Mexican Revolution；③ Kahlobegan painting. ______A. ①②③B. ②①③C. ②③①D. ③①②19.The underlined word "turbulent" in Paragraph 3 most probably means. ______A. artistically well-matchedB. fantastic and extremely lovingC. filled with dramatic ups and downsD. very politically conscious20.How were Frida Kahlo's paintings similar to those of the surrealists？______A. They both focused on gender identity.B. They both promoted socialist politics.C. They both contained dreamlike imageryD. They both combined Mexican and European art.EAussie Walkabout Experience21.All the participants are required to ______ .A. pay for the photos recorded onto a CDB. attend a talk on security before the tourC. pick up the guide in the car park near the entranceD. assist in the feeding of different species during the tour22.If a couple with their children,aged 5.8.and 10 want to take part in this activity,how muchwill they pay？______A. ＄220.B. ＄230.C. ＄260.D. ＄270.23.Which of the following is true according to the brochure？______A. There is a free car park for visitors to the zoo.B. Latecomers will be granted entry to the next tour.C. A minimum of four people are permitted on each tour.D. The tour takes place when the zoo is closed to the publicFA few years ago,Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models.Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps.highest must aim highest.and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms.It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection.That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes,the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels.I personally have many heroes,from my mother,Lucy,to my favorite law professor,Howard.But these are personal contacts,people who have-actuallytouched my hand and my heart,and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations.To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time,but it's dangerous.The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores.That was Barkley's point,not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north. Recently on a television program I participated in,the discussion turned to KathleenKane.Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney genera（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office.I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks.After the show aired,I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traito（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model"，or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing!Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people？The answer is obvious：Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General.She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures,many of whom look and sound like us,we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know,and the heroic potential within ourselves.Or,perhaps,the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.24.Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because ______ .A. he broke fundamental principles in lifeB. he was not good enough to be a role modelC. he doubted the perfection of some sports figuresD. he thought sports figures could have weaknesses25.According to Barkley,why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes？______A. Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B. Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C. Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D. Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.26.From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was ______ .A. unfairly criticized due to being femaleB. the first female attorney general in the USC. less qualified than the public had expectedD. a role model for women seeking elected office27.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？______A. Be Our Representatives for PerfectionB. Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC. Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public FiguresD. Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianMotivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one.When organizations are expanding,promotional opportunities,pay rises,and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism.When an organization is shrinking,the best a nd mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily. (1) .The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.Morale（士气）also suffers during decline.People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary.Productivity often Suffers,as employees spend their time sharing rumors and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs.(2) .Pay cuts,unheard of during times of growth,may even be imposed.The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.(3) .For example,if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business,high achievers should be sought.High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals.Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management's perceptions of the employee's ability,if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. (4) .Since employees have different needs,managers should use their knowledge of each employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control.Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay,promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F32.Can Birdsong Make You Happier？If you are able to step outside and hear many types ofbirds,you might also have a greater feeling of well-being.Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.One study was done by the researchers at California Polytechnic State University.The team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the U.S.state of Colorado.Danielle Ferraro,who led the Cal Poly study,says that there could be anevolutionary reason why we like birdsong.The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us.There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather.Bird diversity,she adds,can also mean a healthy environment.Similarly,scientists in Germany examined for the first time whether a diverse nature alsoincreases human well-being across Europe.The researchers looked at the EuropeanQuality of Life Survey to study the connection between the different kinds of birds in their surroundings and life satisfaction.They looked at more than 26，000 adults from 26European countries. "Europeans are particularly satisfied with their lives if theirsurroundings have a high species diversity," explains the study's lead author,JoelMethorst,a researcher at the Goethe University in Frankfurt.He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life,or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.So,if birdsong is good for our mental health,how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear？Scientists also mentioned, "We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities.And they might look nice to us,but birds can't necessarily use them.So,we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity."________________________33.李华习惯每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板。
