The economics of heritage

呼吁人们保护文化遗产的英语作文英文回答：Protecting cultural heritage is of utmost importance as it plays a significant role in preserving our history, traditions, and identity. Cultural heritage includestangible assets such as historical buildings, artifacts,and monuments, as well as intangible assets liketraditional customs, languages, and knowledge systems. Itis our responsibility to safeguard these treasures forfuture generations.Preserving cultural heritage is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it allows us to maintain a connectionwith our roots and understand our ancestors' way of life. For example, visiting ancient ruins or museums can give us insights into the architectural styles, artistic techniques, and social structures of past civilizations. This knowledge helps us appreciate our cultural diversity and fosters a sense of pride in our heritage.Secondly, cultural heritage attracts tourists and boosts local economies. Many people travel to experience different cultures and explore historical sites. By protecting our cultural heritage, we can attract more visitors, generate revenue, and create job opportunities. This not only benefits the tourism industry but also supports local businesses and communities.Furthermore, cultural heritage plays a crucial role in education. It provides valuable learning resources for students and researchers. For instance, historical documents, artworks, and archaeological findings offer insights into the past and enable us to study various aspects of our society, including politics, economics, and social structures. By preserving cultural heritage, we ensure that future generations have access to these resources and can continue to learn from them.In addition to these reasons, protecting cultural heritage is a way of preserving our cultural diversity. Each culture has its unique traditions, rituals, andbeliefs, which contribute to the rich tapestry of human civilization. By safeguarding cultural heritage, we ensure that these diverse expressions of humanity are not lost or forgotten. This promotes tolerance, understanding, and respect among different cultures and fosters a sense of global unity.中文回答：保护文化遗产对于保存我们的历史、传统和身份认同至关重要。

理论与方法 / Theoretical and Method86国际非物质文化遗产研究知识图谱可视化分析吴晓晨，王春燕（塔里木大学经济与管理学院，新疆 阿拉尔 843300）摘 要: 非遗是以非物质形态存在于民间、世代相承的传统文化表现形式。

文章通过梳理国际非遗研究文献，客观掌握国际非遗研究方向，以“Web of science核心集合”为数据库，利用Cite Space软件对索引出来的1 304篇文献进行国际、地区、机构、作者网路共现、文献共被引以及关键词聚类等系统化分析，得出国际有关于“intangible cultural heritage”的研究知识图谱。

研究发现，非遗的研究内容方向可以分为3类：民族非遗文化产业管理研究（主要包括区域历史文化、专业科目以及原生态识别）、传承创新与保护政策研究（包括传播表达以及可持续发展保护）、文化旅游的研究（包括标志地区、地方性艺术、空间市场分析）。

研究涉及的学科领域广、分布不均衡、科研力量地域空间上不平衡。

研究的热点随着时间变化，主要有3个研究热点：有非遗概念界定、非遗保存、非遗开发管理。

通过得到的知识图谱可以掌握非遗研究的现状与发展趋势，为今后的研究方向提供数据支持。

关键词：非物质文化遗产；Cite Space软件；文化旅游；可视化中图分类号：G122 文献标志码：AVisualization Analysis of Knowledge Map of International Intangible Cultural HeritageWU Xiaochen, WANG Chunyan（College of Economics and Management, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China）Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage is a form of traditional culture, which exists in non-material form in folk and generation by generation. Through combing the research literature of international non-material cultural heritage, the research direction of international intangible cultural heritage is grasps objectively, and some objective data are provided for future research.This paper uses "Web of science core collection" as the database, and uses Cite Space software to study the 1304 documents which are indexed by international, regional, organization, author network co-occurrence, literature co citation, and keyword cluster analysis.It is concluded that there is an international knowledge map of "intangible cultural heritage". The research found that the research content of intangible cultural heritage can be divided into three categories: the study of national cultural heritage, the research of heritage innovation and protection policy, and the study of cultural tourism. The research covers a wide range of disciplines, uneven distribution, and uneven geographical distribution of research forces. With the change of time, there are three main research hot spots: the definition of intangible cultural heritage, the protection and preservation of intangible cultural heritage, and the development and management of intangible cultural heritage. Through the knowledge map, we can grasp the current situation and development trend of intangible cultural heritage research, so as to provide data support for future research directions.Keywords: intangible cultural heritage; Cite Space software; culture travel; visualization作者简介：吴晓晨（1998-），女，本科，主要研究方向为旅游管理。

2023届高三英语晚自习限时训练一、阅读理解（一）The Huaqing Palace Heritage SiteStar PoolIt was built in 644 A．D．for Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). It is said that at first there was no cover for the pool so that he could enjoy the shining stars of the night while taking a bath.Tang WellIt has a long history of over 1,300 years and measures 1.9 meters long, 1.26 meters wide and 8.3meters deep. It was used just by Yang Yuhuan for drinking water.Huaqing Hot SpringsThey were named “The Fi Hot Springs in the World” in the Tang Dynasty by Emperor Xuanzong.The water temperature stays at 43℃ all year round. It was first used as an imperial pool during the Zhou Dynasty (1036B．C．-256 B．C．).Imperial Concubine Pool (贵妃池)It was built in 747A．D．for the famous beauty Yang Yuhuan. It takes the shape of a Chinese crabapple (海棠) flower, and is where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Yuhuan took baths together every winter.Address: At the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong, 30 kilometers east of Xi’an. Opening hours: From March to November: 7:00-18:00;From December to February: 7:30-18:30.Bus routes: 914, 915, U5, and 306.1. Which of the following has the longest history?A．Star Pool. B．Tang Well.C．Huaqing Hot Springs. D．Imperial Concubine Pool.2. What is special about Imperial Concubine Pool?A．It is half-divided. B．It is flower-shaped.C．It is for drinking. D．It has no cover.3. Where is this text most likely from?A．A diary. B．A guidebook.C．A news report. D．A story book.（二）During the COP27 climate conference (会议) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, an important deal on “loss and damage” was reached. This was a big step forward because at COP26 conference in Glasgow, Scotland, there were no talks on loss and damage at all. The plan is that richer countries will pay money into a special fund that will be used to help poor countries.Loss and damage means the damaging impact of climate change on developing countries. For nearly 30 years, poorer countries have been asking richer countries formoney to help to protect communities from the effects of climate change. Richer countries have produced the most greenhouse gases, but poorer countries are often the worst affected by extreme weather conditions because they are less well equipped to face extreme climate events.Brazil’s newly elected President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva made a speech about preserving the largest rainforest on Earth, the Amazon. During the last 50 years, more than 17% of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed to make way for farms and towns. However, in his speech, Lula promised that there would be zero deforestation (伐树) in the Amazon by 2030. The conference didn’t just focus on world leaders. It brought together more than 45,000 people to discuss how climate change is affecting their lives. Climate refugees (难民) also had their voices heard. Tshilombo from the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya said, “Refugees don’t only flee becaus e of war or conflict. It’s also about drought, the effects of climate change.”Some countries weren’t happy with the overall outcome of COP27 because decisions weren’t made on cutting the use of fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and oil, etc. The UK Governme nt’s Alok Sharma said, “I’m incredibly disappointed.”However, this deal was a great achievement for developing countries. Sherry Rehman, the climate minister for Pakistan, said, “I am confident we have tuned a comer in how we work together to achieve clim ate goals.”；4. What is a successful outcome of the COP27 climate conference?A．The deal on loss and damage.B．The deal on using fossil fuels.C．The deal on rainforest preservation.D．The deal on helping climate refugees.；5. What has made it difficult for developing countries to fight against climate change? A．More greenhouse gases.B．Massive deforestation.C．Shortage of money and supplies.D．Terrible weather conditions.；6. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A．Climate change is influencing people’s live s.B．17% of the Amazon rainforest was destroyed.C．Many factors lead to the appearance of refugees.D．There will be less deforestation in the Amazon by 2030.；7. What would Sherry Rehman probably agree with?A．Never put off till tomorrow.B．Many hands make light work.C．Knowledge starts with practice.D．No way is impossible to courage.（三）What are you doing this weekend? Perhaps you're spending time with family, hanging out with friends, or maybe you're going to play a sport. All around the world, people chill out at the end of the working week and take part in leisure activities. In many countries, the weekend consists of Saturday and Sunday, while in others Friday and Saturday are the days of rest. In Afghanistan, Thursday and Friday form the weekend, while in one country, Brunei, Friday and Sunday are the days off.Have you ever stopped to wonder, though, exactly where it originated? And how is the concept going to change? The modern weekend took shape during the Industrial Revolution. In the early 19 century, in areas such as the north of England, people began to leave the countryside to work in towns and cities. There, new factories were springing up. Their working lives were once ruled by nature, with the amount of work depending on the changing seasons. Now, their employers demanded a different rhythm-a six-day week of up to 12 hours a day, followed by one day of rest.Campaigns for workers' rights appeared. By the end of the century they had managed to reduce the working week to five and a half days. This meant that working people could take an interest in hobbies such as photography, which was very new at the time. In the US in the 1920s, the industrialist Henry Ford helped to create the weekend. He gave all his workers Saturday and Sunday off work. His factories manufactured cars, and he wanted to allow his employees time to purchase and enjoy the cars they were producing.These days, in many countries, working a 40-hour week is normal. Many people have a nine-to-five job, but even that is rapidly changing. Technology enables more people to work from home and plan their own use of time. This means that an official period away from work is becoming less important. Perhaps in the future we will work fewer hours altogether. If we become more productive, we should be able to afford the same lifestyle by working fewer hours. It has been estimated, for example, that a worker in the US can achieve a 1950s standard of living by working just 1l hours a week. Some people have recommended a 21-hour working week to help with unemployment, climate change and inequality. However, a change like that may mean more leisure time but it will probably limit people's ability to earn money to enjoy it.8. What does the underlined word “originated” in the second paragraph me an? A．Relaxed. B．Started. C．Appeared suddenly. D．Stopped. 9. What happened as a result of campaigns on behalf of workers?A．People became more inventive.B．People worked fewer hours per day.C．People worked fewer hours overall.D．People found employment in leisure industries.10. The writer says an American businessman gave his workers time off so that A．he could produce more cars.B．they could spend money on cars.C．he didn’t have to pay them to drive.D．they would enjoy working with him.11. Why does the writer suggest the weekend may be less important now? A．Because we start work later than we used toB．Because nobody works over 40 hours a week.C．Because technology empowers individuals to arrange their own time. D．Because people are out control of their working week.二、七选五阅读Mondays are kind of annoying. 12 A recent survey says that most people get the pre-work “Sunday blues”. Starting your Monday feeling sad, anxious and unorganized is hardly the way to kick off a healthy week.The solution? Set aside a little time on Sunday to purposefully prepare yourself for the five days ahead, suggests women’s health expert Marsha Hudnall. 13Do some meal preparations.Figuring out what to have for dinner on weeknights can be surprisingly stressf ul. Stretching out a menu plan on Sunday and swinging by the grocery store for ingredients will help you eat well. Go a step further by chopping and cooking vegetables and a protein (like a roast chicken or scrambled eggs). 14 Or finally attempt a di fferent diet you’ve been meaning to try. For easy dinner planning, just order, and you’ll have a week’s worth of raw materials for delicious and healthy meals.Start a Sunday stress-relief habit.“To be healthy, we have to take care of body and mind,” says Hudnall. Stress has a major impact on health and our ability to concentrate. 15 Four ideas to try: a guided meditation with the help of an app; forest bathing－a practice known as shinrin-yoku in Japan, which basically means taking a long walk or hik e in a wooded area; gentle exercise like yoga; or time cuddling and playing with your pet.16Why not prepare your favorite clothes for Monday? Studies show that what you wear can have a significant effect on your mood. So make Monday the day you wear your favorite clothes or show the latest addition to your wardrobe (衣橱). It’s also a good idea to get some nice coffee or music ready, which will give you something to look forward to on your Monday commute.A．Give yourself something to look forward on Monday.B．Even Sunday afternoons turn sour as we think of the workweek ahead.C．Then all you have to do is heat and plate when you come home from work. D．Therefore, starting a Sunday stress-relieving habit can begin a week feeling strong and focused.E．Try creating a relaxing and winding down Sunday night so that you can recharge and get ready for Monday.F．Taking on just a few of these simple tips every Sunday will help you launch a productive, less stressful week.G．Wailing until the last moment to do weekend chores like paying bills or doing laundry can leave you anxious and stressed on Sunday.三、完型填空The stage lights dimmed (变昏暗), and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the audience. Blinded by the lights, I quickly 17 . It seems that a great number of eyes were looking at me. I took a deep 18 as the music of my dance began to play. I entered the stage and began my 19 , the graduation test of the classical Indian dance.After a decade of learning, I was finally ready to take on the most difficult act. The test is the most important 20 in a dancer’s life as it pays respect to all the factors in one’s life that 21 the dance form: one’s culture and family.The performance is undertaken only by the most 22 and determined students. It is a difficult process that requires much 23 . For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day 24 these dances. Many times, I 25 myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to 26I discovered a lot about myself in those tiring hours. I learned that I was far too stubborn to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself wrong after I had set an unrealistic goal. Even with physical pain and mental stress, I forced myself to meet my 27 . Even when I was at the end of my limit, there was always something28 me on, forcing me not to give up.Fortunately, I made it. What I had done 29 the success. It was in those hours that I learned what a dancer 30 is. Those time was evidence that I could achieve something I 31 out to do.17. A．pulled back B．set off C．reached out D．broke away18. A．sleep B．thought C．breath D．sorrow19. A．career B．understanding C．response D．performance20. A．routine B．lesson C．accident D．event21. A．develop B．purchase C．introduce D．promote22. A．focused B．beautiful C．intelligent D．considerate23. A．talent B．strength C．devotion D．cooperation24. A．recording B．practicing C．discussing D．designing25. A．applied B．addicted C．treated D．pushed26. A．forget B．design C．learn D．research27. A．explanation B．expectation C．expense D．impression28. A．driving B．competing C．benefiting D．representing29. A．increased B．deserved C．expanded D．exposed30. A．completely B．mainly C．truly D．distantly31. A．put B．carry C．turn D．set四、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I am speaking to you at what I know is an increasingly challenging time. A time of disruption in the life of our country; a disruption that has brought grief to some, financial difficulties to many, and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all.I want to thank everyone on the NHS front liens, 32 care workers and those carrying out essential rules, who selflessly continue 33 day-to-day duties outside the home in support of as all.I am sure the nation will join me in assuring you that what you do 34 (appreciate) and every hour of your hard work brings us 35 (close) to a return to more normal times.I also want to thank these of you who are staying at home, thereby helping to protect the vulnerable and sparting many family the pain already 36 (feel) by those who have lost loved ones.Together we are tackling this disease, and I want to reassure you that if we remain united and resolute, we will overcome it.I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in 37 they responded to this challenge. And those who come after us will say the Britons of this generation were as strong as any.The moments when the United Kingdom has come together to applaud its care and essential workers will be remembered 38 an expression of our national spirit; and its symbol will be the rainbows drawn by children.Across the Commonwealth and around the world, we have seen heart-warming stories of people 39 (come) together to help others, be it through delivering food parcels and medicines, checking on neighbours, or converting businesses to help with the relief effort.And though self-isolating at times 40 be hard, many people of all faiths, and of none, are discovering that it presents an opportunity to slow down, pause and reflect, in prayer or meditation.But now, as then, we know, deep down, that it is the right thing to do.We will succeed - and that success will belong to every one of us.We should take comfort that while we may have more still 41 (endure), better days will return: we will be with our friends again: we will be with our families again: we will meet again.But for now, I send my thanks and warmest good wishes to you all.五、写作42. 假如你是李华，近段时间以来政府加大了文物保护的力度。

遗产的社会价值是一个复杂的概念，它与遗产地的历史环境、地方归属感、文化认同、集体记忆，以及人与遗产之间的日常互动等因素相关[1]。

遗产地社区群众的类型、居民对遗产的记忆，以及与遗产的亲密程度等都直接影响着社会价值的评定，因此社会价值的认定一直较为模糊且有争议[2]。

随着2015年中国古迹遗址保护协会（ICOMOS China）通过修订版的《中国文物古迹保护准则》，将“社会价值”纳入遗产价值，并指出了公众参与以及记忆、情感等社会因素对遗产保护与传承的重要性[1]，遗产的社会价值逐渐受到国内学者的关注。

现有研究讨论了遗产社会价值的分类、社会价值与社区居民的集体记忆、社会身份及归属感等多个方面的关系。

遗产的社会价值主要偏向对当代居民或社会产生的影响，是直接作用于人的一种价值属性[3]，遗产社区居民作为与遗产关系密切的群体，关注他们对社会价值的认知是十分必要的。

因此，本研究将扎根理论引入遗产社会价值的认知分析中，以大庆石油工业遗产为例，从遗产社区的角度出发，基于居民对社会价值的认知，构建其对大庆石油工业遗产社会价值的认知模型，在此基础上，研究大庆石油工业遗产社会价值的构成，并讨论影响其构成的因素。

1 研究对象大庆作为中华人民共和国成立后的首批大型油田城市，是中国现代工业史的重要组成部分，经历60多年的发展，留存了具有较高历史、科技、社会、文化等价值的工业遗存。

目前为止，大庆被正式列入文物保护单位摘要 遗产的社会价值与遗产地的历史环境、社区居民的情感和记忆等因素相关，具有明显的地方性特征，因此最好将遗产的社会价值放到一定的地方情境中进行研究。

基于此，文章从社区的研究角度出发，运用扎根理论的研究方法，以大庆石油工业遗产为例，基于遗产地居民对社会价值的认知，研究大庆石油工业遗产的社会价值，并讨论影响社会价值构成的因素。

研究表明，大庆石油工业遗产社会价值由遗产认知、文化记忆、情感认同、文化环境、城市意象和遗产利用六方面构成，其价值构成会随着认知主体的社会背景、个体需求及认知主体与遗产时间间距的不同发生改变，具有多元、流动的特性。

美国财政部长盖特纳北京大学演讲中英文全文The United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and GrowthThe United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and GrowthTreasury Secretary Timothy F. GeithnerSpeech at Peking University - Beijing, ChinaIt is a pleasure to be back in China and to join you here today at this great university.I first came to China, and to Peking University, in the summer of 1981 as a college student studying Mandarin. I was here with a small group of graduate and undergraduate students from across the United States.I returned the next summer to Beijing Normal Univ ersity.We studied reasonably hard, and had the privilege of working with many talented professors, some of whom are here today. As we explored this city and traveled through Eastern China, we had the chance not just tounderstand more about your history and your aspirations, but also to begin to see the United States through your eyes.Over the decades since, we have seen the beginnings of one of the most extraordinary economic transformations in history. China is thriving. Economic reform has brought exceptionally rapid and sustained growth in incomes. China¡¯s emergence as a major economic force more fully integrated into the world economy has brought substantial benefits to the United States and to economies around the wor ld.In recognition of our mutual interest in a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship, President Hu Jintao and President Obama agreed in April to establish the Strategic and Economic Dialogue. Secretary Clinton and I will host Vice Premier Wang and State Councilor Dai in Washington this summer for our first meeting. I have the privilege of beginning the economic discussions with a series of meetings in Beijing today and tomorrow.These meetings will give us a chance to discussthe risks and challenges on the economic front, to examine some of the longer term challenges we both face in laying the foundation for a more balanced and sustainable recovery, and to explore our common interest in international financial reform.Current Challenges and RisksThe world economy is going through the most challenging economic and financial stress in generations.The International Monetary Fund predicts that the world economy will shrink this year for the first time in more than six decades. The collapse of world trade is likely to be the worst since the end of World War II. The lost output, compared to the world economys potential growth in a normal year, could be between three and four trillion dollars.In the face of this challenge, China and the United States are working together to help shape a strong global strategy to contain the crisis and to lay the foundation for recovery. And these efforts, the combined effect of forceful policy actions here inChina, in the United States, and in other major economies, have helped slow the pace of deteriorat ion in growth, repair the financial system, and improve confidence.& nbsp;In fact, what distinguishes the current crisis is not just its global scale and its acute severity, but the size and speed of the global response.At the G-20 Leaders meeting in London in April, we agreed on an unprecedented program of coordinated policy actions to support growth, to stabilize and repair the financial system, to restore the flow of credit essential for trade and investment, to mobilize financial resources for emerging market economies through the international financial institutions, and to keep markets open for trade and investment.That historic accord on a strategy for recovery was made possible in part by the policy actions already begun in China and the United States.China moved quickly as the crisis intensified with a very forceful program of investments and financial measures to strengthen domestic demand.In the United States, in the first weeks of the new Administration, we put in place a comprehensive program of tax incentives and investments ¨C the largest peace time recovery effort since World War II - to help arrest the sharp fall in private demand. Alongside these fiscal measures, we acted to ease the housing crisis. And we have put in place a series of initiatives to bring more capital into the banking system and to restart the credit markets.These actions have been reinforced by similar actions in countries around the world.In contrast to the global crisis of the 1930s and to the major economic crises of the postwar period, the leaders of the world acted together. They acted quickly. They took steps to provide assistance to the most vulnerable economies, even as they faced exceptional financial needs at home. They worked to keep their markets open, rather than r etreating into self-defeating measures of discrimination and protect ion.And they have committed to make sure this programof initiatives is sustained until the foundation for recovery is firmly established, a commitment the IMF will monitor closely, and that we will be able to uate together when the G-20 Leaders meet again in the United States this fall.We are starting to see some initial signs of improvement. The global recession seems to be losing force. In the United States, the pace of decline in economic activity has slowed. Households are saving more, but consumer confidence has improved, and spending is starting to recover. House prices are falling at a slower pace and the inventory of unsold homes has come down significantly. Orders for goods and services are somewhat stronger. The pace of deterioration in the labor market has slowed, and new claims for unemployment insurance have started to come down a bit.&nb sp;The financial system is starting to heal. The clarity and disclosure provided by our capital assessment of major banks has helped improve market confidence in them, making it possible for banks thatneeded capital to raise it from private investors and to borrow without guarantees. The securities markets, including the asset backed securities markets that essentially stopped functioning late last year, have started to come back. The cost of credit has fallen substantially for businesses and for families as spreads and risk premia have narrowed.These are important signs of stability, and assurance that we will succeed in averting financial collapse and global deflation, but they represent only the first steps in laying the foundation for recovery. The process of repair and adjustment is going to take time. ;China, despite your own manifest challenges a s a developing country, you are in an enviably strong position. But in most economies, the recession is still powerful and dangerous. Business and households in the United States, as in many countries, are still experiencing the most challenging economic and financial pressures in decades.The plant closures, and company restructuringsthat the recession is causing are painful, and this process is not yet over. The fallout from these events has been brutally indiscriminant, affecting those with little or no responsibility for the events that now buffet them, as well as on some who played key roles in bringing about our troubles.The extent of the damage to financial systems entails significant risk that the supply of credit will be constrained for some time. The constraints on banks in many major economies will make it hard for them to compensate fully for the damage done to the basic machi nery of the securitization markets, including the loss of confidence in credit ratings. After a long period where financial institutions took on too much risk, we still face the possibility that banks and investors may take too little risk, even as the underlying economic conditions start to improve.And, after a long period of falling saving and substantial growth in household borrowing relative to GDP, consumer spending in the United States will be restrained for some time relative to what is typicallythe case in recoveries.These are necessary adjustments. They will entail a longer, slower process of recovery, with a very different pattern of future growth across countries than we have seen in the past several recoveries.Laying the Foundation for Future GrowthAs we address this immediate financial and economic crisis, it is important that we also lay the foundations for more balanced, sustained growth of the global economy once this recovery is firmly established.A successful transition to a more balanced and stable global economy will require very substantial changes to economic policy and financial regulation around the world. But some of the most important of those changes will have to come in the United States and China. How successful we are in Washington and Beijing will be critically important to the economic fortunes of the rest of the world. The effectiveness of policies will depend in part on Chinas, and the effectiveness of yours on ours.Although the United States and China start from very different positions, many of our domestic challenges are similar. In the United States, we are working to reform our health care system, to improve the quality of education, to rebuild our infrastructure, and to improve energy efficiency. These reforms are essential to boosting the productive capacity of our economy. These challenges are at the center of your reform priorities, too.We are both working to reform our financial systems. In the United States, our challenge is to create a more stable and more resilient financial system, with stronger protections for consumer and investors. As we work to strengthen and redesign regulation to achieve these objectives, our challenge is to preserve the core strengths of our financial system, which are its exceptional capacity to adapt and innovate and to channel capital for investment in new technologies and innovative companies. You have the benefit of being able to learn from our shortcomings, which have proved so damaging in the present crisis, as well as f rom our strengths.Our common chall enge is to recognize that a more balanced and sustainable global recovery will require changes in the composition of growth in our two economies. Because of this, our policies have to be directed at very different outcomes.In the United States, saving rates will have to increase, and the purchases of consumers cannot be as dominant a driver of growth as they have been in the past.In China, as your leadership has recognized, growth that is sustainable growth will require a very substantial shift from external to domestic demand, from an investment and export intensive driven growth, to growth led by consumption. Strengthening domestic demand will also strengthen Chinas ability to weather fluctuations in global supply and demand.If we are successful on these respective paths, public and private saving in the United States will increase as recovery strengthens, and as this happens, our current account deficit will come down. And in China, domestic demand will rise at a faster rate than overallGDP, led by a gradual shift to higher rates of consumption.Globally, recovery will have come more from a shift by high saving economies to stronger domestic demand and less from the American consumer.The policy framework for a successful transition to this outcome is starting to take shape.In the United States, we are putting in place the foundations for restoring fiscal sustainability.The President in his initial budget to Congress made it clear that, as soon as recovery is firmly established, we are going to have to bring our fiscal deficit down to a level that is sustainable over the medium term. This will mean bringing the imbalance between our fiscal resources and expenditures down to the point - roughly three percent of GDP -- wh ere the overall level of public debt to GDP is definitively on a dow nward path. The temporary investments and tax incentives we put in place in the Recovery Act to strengthen private demand will have to expire, discretionary spending will have to fall back to a moremodest level relative to GDP, and we will have to be very disciplined in limiting future commitments through the reintroduction of budget disciplines, such as pay-as-you go rules.The President also looks forward to working with Congress to further reduce our long-run fiscal deficit.And, critical to our long-term fiscal health, we have to put in place comprehensive health care reform that will bring down the growth in health care costs, costs that are the principal driver of our long run fiscal deficit.The President has also proposed steps to encourage private saving, including through automatic enrollment in retirement savings accounts.。

试卷第一套1.汉英口译中外合资是一种互补互惠的合作关系。

外国在华投资可以最大限度地发挥各自的优势。

我国幅员辽阔、资源丰富、劳动力低廉、消费市场潜力大。

此外我们还有稳定的政治社会环境和优惠的投资政策。

2.英汉口译It’s my honor to offer a toast to our guests from China. On behalf of the American people, Laura and I welcome you to the United States. This is not only a state dinner; it’s like a family gathering. The most important ties between your country and mine go beyond economics and politics and geography. They are the ties of heritage, culture and family. This is true for millions of Chinese and American families, including my own.第二套1.汉英口译我们在合资企业的合作伙伴是经历了严格的评估才挑选出来的，它提出的方案在技术和资金的综合评估中位列第一。

深圳市网络科技公司的合作双方：Star公司和Digital科技公司都有很强的科技、营销实力和资金背景。

2．英汉口译The achievements of the reform have been there for all to see. But, as the economic climate changes, there are now new problems. These include the reform of the state-owned enterprises, substantial unemployment, the polarization of income, corruption, risks in the financial sector and ecological and environmental damage. All of them require our immediate attention and effective solutions in the shortest time possible.第三套1.汉英口译我刚刚听到我们两家公司已达到建立合资公司的协议。

一篇介绍地方的英语作文模板英文回答：Introduction。

A place is a geographical area with a unique set of characteristics that distinguish it from other areas. It can be a city, a town, a village, a country, or even a continent. A place can be defined by its physical features, such as its climate, vegetation, and landforms, or by its cultural and historical features, such as its language, religion, and traditions.Body。

When describing a place, it is important to consider the following factors:Physical features: What is the climate like? What is the vegetation like? What are the landforms like?Cultural features: What is the language spoken? What is the religion? What are the traditions?Historical features: What is the history of the place? What major events have occurred there?Economic features: What is the economy of the place? What are the major industries?Social features: What is the population of the place? What is the quality of life?It is also important to consider the perspective from which you are describing the place. Are you describing it as a tourist, a resident, or a historian? Your perspective will influence the way you choose to describe the place.Conclusion。

美国财政部长盖特纳北京大学演讲中英文全文The United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and GrowthThe United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and GrowthTreasury Secretary Timothy F. GeithnerSpeech at Peking University - Beijing, ChinaIt is a pleasure to be back in China and to join you here today at this great university.I first came to China, and to Peking University, in the summer of 1981 as a college student studying Mandarin. I was here with a small group of graduate and undergraduate students from across the United States. I returned the next summer to Beijing Normal Univ ersity.We studied reasonably hard, and had the privilege of working with many talented professors, some of whom are here today. As we explored this city and traveled through Eastern China, we had the chance not just to understand more about your history and your aspirations, but also to begin to seethe United States through your eyes.Over the decades since, we have seen the beginnings of one of the most extraordinary economic transformations in history. China is thriving. Economic reform has brought exceptionally rapid and sustained growth in incomes. China¡¯s emergence as a major economic force more fully integrated into the world economy has brought substantial benefits to the United States and to economies around the wor ld.In recognition of our mutual interest in a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship, President Hu Jintao and President Obama agreed in April to establish the Strategic and Economic Dialogue. Secretary Clinton and I will host Vice Premier Wang and State Councilor Dai in Washington this summer for our first meeting. I have the privilege of beginning the economic discussions with a series of meetings in Beijing today and tomorrow.These meetings will give us a chance to discuss the risks and challenges on the economic front, toexamine some of the longer term challenges we both face in laying the foundation for a more balanced and sustainable recovery, and to explore our common interest in international financial reform.Current Challenges and RisksThe world economy is going through the most challenging economic and financial stress in generations.The International Monetary Fund predicts that the world economy will shrink this year for the first time in more than six decades. The collapse of world trade is likely to be the worst since the end of World War II. The lost output, compared to the world economys potential growth in a normal year, could be between three and four trillion dollars.In the face of this challenge, China and the United States are working together to help shape a strong global strategy to contain the crisis and to lay the foundation for recovery. And these efforts, the combined effect of forceful policy actions here in China, in the United States, and in other major economies, have helped slow the pace of deterioration in growth, repair the financial system, and improve confidence.& nbsp;In fact, what distinguishes the current crisis is not just its global scale and its acute severity, but the size and speed of the global response.At the G-20 Leaders meeting in London in April, we agreed on an unprecedented program of coordinated policy actions to support growth, to stabilize and repair the financial system, to restore the flow of credit essential for trade and investment, to mobilize financial resources for emerging market economies through the international financial institutions, and to keep markets open for trade and investment.That historic accord on a strategy for recovery was made possible in part by the policy actions already begun in China and the United States.China moved quickly as the crisis intensified with a very forceful program of investments and financial measures to strengthen domestic demand.In the United States, in the first weeks of the new Administration, we put in place a comprehensiveprogram of tax incentives and investments ¨C the largest peace time recovery effort since World War II - to help arrest the sharp fall in private demand. Alongside these fiscal measures, we acted to ease the housing crisis. And we have put in place a series of initiatives to bring more capital into the banking system and to restart the credit markets.These actions have been reinforced by similar actions in countries around the world.In contrast to the global crisis of the 1930s and to the major economic crises of the postwar period, the leaders of the world acted together. They acted quickly. They took steps to provide assistance to the most vulnerable economies, even as they faced exceptional financial needs at home. They worked to keep their markets open, rather than r etreating into self-defeating measures of discrimination and protect ion.And they have committed to make sure this program of initiatives is sustained until the foundation for recovery is firmly established, a commitment the IMF will monitor closely, and that wewill be able to uate together when the G-20 Leaders meet again in the United States this fall.We are starting to see some initial signs of improvement. The global recession seems to be losing force. In the United States, the pace of decline in economic activity has slowed. Households are saving more, but consumer confidence has improved, and spending is starting to recover. House prices are falling at a slower pace and the inventory of unsold homes has come down significantly. Orders for goods and services are somewhat stronger. The pace of deterioration in the labor market has slowed, and new claims for unemployment insurance have started to come down a bit.&nb sp;The financial system is starting to heal. The clarity and disclosure provided by our capital assessment of major banks has helped improve market confidence in them, making it possible for banks that needed capital to raise it from private investors and to borrow without guarantees. The securities markets, including the asset backed securities markets that essentially stoppedfunctioning late last year, have started to come back. The cost of credit has fallen substantially for businesses and for families as spreads and risk premia have narrowed.These are important signs of stability, and assurance that we will succeed in averting financial collapse and global deflation, but they represent only the first steps in laying the foundation for recovery. The process of repair and adjustment is going to take time. ;China, despite your own manifest challenges a s a developing country, you are in an enviably strong position. But in most economies, the recession is still powerful and dangerous. Business and households in the United States, as in many countries, are still experiencing the most challenging economic and financial pressures in decades.The plant closures, and company restructurings that the recession is causing are painful, and this process is not yet over. The fallout from these events has been brutally indiscriminant, affecting those with little or no responsibility for the events that nowbuffet them, as well as on some who played key roles in bringing about our troubles.The extent of the damage to financial systems entails significant risk that the supply of credit will be constrained for some time. The constraints on banks in many major economies will make it hard for them to compensate fully for the damage done to the basic machi nery of the securitization markets, including the loss of confidence in credit ratings. After a long period where financial institutions took on too much risk, we still face the possibility that banks and investors may take too little risk, even as the underlying economic conditions start to improve.And, after a long period of falling saving and substantial growth in household borrowing relative to GDP, consumer spending in the United States will be restrained for some time relative to what is typically the case in recoveries.These are necessary adjustments. They will entail a longer, slower process of recovery, with a very different pattern of future growth across countries than we have seen in the past several recoveries.Laying the Foundation for Future Growth As we address this immediate financial and economic crisis, it is important that we also lay the foundations for more balanced, sustained growth of the global economy once this recovery is firmly established.A successful transition to a more balanced and stable global economy will require very substantial changes to economic policy and financial regulation around the world. But some of the most important of those changes will have to come in the United States and China. How successful we are in Washington and Beijing will be critically important to the economic fortunes of the rest of the world. The effectiveness of policies will depend in part on Chinas, and the effectiveness of yours on ours.Although the United States and China start from very different positions, many of our domestic challenges are similar. In the United States, we are working to reform our health care system, to improve the quality of education, to rebuild our infrastructure, and to improve energy efficiency. These reforms areessential to boosting the productive capacity of our economy. These challenges are at the center of your reform priorities, too.We are both working to reform our financial systems. In the United States, our challenge is to create a more stable and more resilient financial system, with stronger protections for consumer and investors. As we work to strengthen and redesign regulation to achieve these objectives, our challenge is to preserve the core strengths of our financial system, which are its exceptional capacity to adapt and innovate and to channel capital for investment in new technologies and innovative companies. You have the benefit of being able to learn from our shortcomings, which have proved so damaging in the present crisis, as well as f rom our strengths.Our common chall enge is to recognize that a more balanced and sustainable global recovery will require changes in the composition of growth in our two economies. Because of this, our policies have to be directed at very different outcomes.In the United States, saving rates will have toincrease, and the purchases of consumers cannot be as dominant a driver of growth as they have been in the past.In China, as your leadership has recognized, growth that is sustainable growth will require a very substantial shift from external to domestic demand, from an investment and export intensive driven growth, to growth led by consumption. Strengthening domestic demand will also strengthen Chinas ability to weather fluctuations in global supply and demand.If we are successful on these respective paths, public and private saving in the United States will increase as recovery strengthens, and as this happens, our current account deficit will come down. And in China, domestic demand will rise at a faster rate than overall GDP, led by a gradual shift to higher rates of consumption.Globally, recovery will have come more from a shift by high saving economies to stronger domestic demand and less from the American consumer.The policy framework for a successful transition to this outcome is starting to take shape.In the United States, we are putting in place the foundations for restoring fiscal sustainability.The President in his initial budget to Congress made it clear that, as soon as recovery is firmly established, we are going to have to bring our fiscal deficit down to a level that is sustainable over the medium term. This will mean bringing the imbalance between our fiscal resources and expenditures down to the point - roughly three percent of GDP -- wh ere the overall level of public debt to GDP is definitively on a dow nward path. The temporary investments and tax incentives we put in place in the Recovery Act to strengthen private demand will have to expire, discretionary spending will have to fall back to a more modest level relative to GDP, and we will have to be very disciplined in limiting future commitments through the reintroduction of budget disciplines, such as pay-as-you go rules.The President also looks forward to working with Congress to further reduce our long-run fiscal deficit.And, critical to our long-term fiscal health, wehave to put in place comprehensive health care reform that will bring down the growth in health care costs, costs that are the principal driver of our long run fiscal deficit.The President has also proposed steps to encourage private saving, including through automatic enrollment in retirement savings accounts.。

Unit11. 对一些人来说，婚姻是爱情的坟墓；而对另一些人来说，婚姻是拯救那些过着孤独单调生活的人的好办法。

（salvation）For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for those who lead a solitary life.2. 此次会议肩负着重大的历史责任，必然将对该组织的发展产生深远（be destined to do sth）Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching impact on the developm ent of the organization.3. 所有这些都寄寓着人们对美好生活的向往，因此得以代代相传。

（yearning）All of these show peoples yearning for a better life, so they have been carried forward generation after generati on.4. 总统警告说，如果国会现在通过这一法案，那么他一直努力维护的脆弱的和平进程可能就会破裂。

（fall apart）If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is trying to keep could fall apart.5. 夫妻之间必须能够容忍彼此性格上的一些瑕疵，否则的话他们的婚姻很可能会以离婚而告终。

（imperfection）The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfections in each others character, otherwise their marriage may end up in divorce.Wondrous peril emeritus yearning erode nibble strandErupt shackle salvation devastation imperfection1. During the Gulf War, the Chinese Embassy helped Taiwanese labour service personnel stranded in Kuwait pull out of dan gerous places safety.2. While conventional wisdom-holds that conflicts in a relationship slowly erode-the bonds that hold partners together, co uples who are happy in the long term turn out to have plenty of conflicts, too.3. G. Wilson Knight,emeritus Professor at the University of Leeds, has had a long and prolific career as a critic.4. She let her joyous eyes rest upon him without speaking, as upon some wondrous thing she had created out of chaos.5. She drew him towards her with all her might, seeking to know him in the depths of his heart, with a(an) yearning to lose herself in him.6. Many Americans have misunderstandings about China, believing its a closed country and that the people’s thinking is shackled.7. Government loans have been the salvation of several shaky business companies.8. Her teeth having all dropped out, Granny Li could only nibble away at her food.9.If_you_aim_at_imperfection, there are some chances of your getting it; whereas if you aim at perfection, there is none.10. Some of his peers were convinced that the early stages of the illness manifested themselves in graduate school, but the full-blown symptoms did not erupt until he was 30.1. It is becoming increasingly clear that as many as 80 percent of people who are obese are predisposed genetically.A. ThinB. fatC. crazyD. lazy2. The IT industry is developing so fast that an advanced computer program today may be obsolete next week.A. DesiredB. qualifiedC. outdatedD. frightened3. In such dry weather, if a forest fire cannot be extinguished ,devastation is sure to ensue.A. DestructionB. salvationC. associationD. communication4. I should like to put forward a proposal; merge the two firms into a big one.A. InterrelateB. associateC. defineD. combine5. Utilization of the land which leaves it in an infertile condnition is considered pollution.A. SterileB. richC. productiveD. destructive6. Dont cling to you old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwise you will always lag behind others.A. Put forward toB. hold on toC. run toD. put up with7. In modern society, the world’s transport systems would fall apart without a supply ofelectricity.A. Come upB. step upC. split upD. warm up8. Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage--- I was expected to be an actor.A. Fated to beB. up to beC. made up forD. derived from9. We don’t think he is a dependable person because he acted counter to his promise.A. Similar toB. according toC. up toD. contrary to10. In order to finish the task in time, he wat out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold.A. Resulted fromB. resulted inC. brought upD. gave up.Tend strand tough bored conduct fulfillingaffiliate reveal pressure condition ranging validA recent survey of woman in 20 large and medium-ized cities across the country revealed that about half of the respo ndents were happy with their marriages and relationships, while nearly 30_percent_said_they_were_bored_and 3.4perce nt they were in agony. 3percent said they were worried about their relationships and 12percent said they did not know ho w to describe their mixed_feelings.The_Huakun_Woman_Survey_Center,_a(n)_affiliate_of the All-China Womens Federati on,_conducted_the survey of 2,000 women aged between 20 and 40 at the end of last year, Altogether_1,955_valid_quest ionnaires were collected. The average age of the surveyed woman was 35, and 70percent were married. About 57percent of the respondents had monthly incomes ranging-from 1,000yuan to 3,000yuan. Woman in Shanghai seemed to have the most-fulfilling-love lives, with more than 70 percent saying they felt happy. They were followed by woman in Beijing, Qing dao, Ningbo and Tianjin in terms of fulfillment. The survey also-revealed-that_marriages_tend_to_get_less_happy_the_lo nger_they_lasted .Pressure from work, problems with their childrens education and tough personal relationships were t he main causes of tension, according to the results of the survey.Unit 21. 因为对文化和艺术的热爱，让我们通过提高中文水平来利用我们的文化遗产吧。

（15）《经济学人》中英对照TEXT 1 Rebuilding the American dream chine 重建美国梦机器 Jan 19th xx | NEW YORK From The Economist print edition FOR America's colleges, January is a month of reckoning. Most applications for the next academic year beginning in the autumn have to be de by the end of De mber, so a university's popularity is put to an objective standard: how ny people want to attend. One of the more unlikely offi s to have been flooded with il is that of the City University of New York (CUNY), a public college that lacks, among other things, a famous sports team, bucolic campuses and raucous parties (it doesn't even have dorms), and, until re ntly, academic credibility. 对美国的大学而言，一月是一个清算的月份。

大多数要进入将于秋季开学的下一学年学习的申请必须在12月底前完成，因此一所大学的声望就有了客观依据：申请人的多少。

纽约城市大学，一所公立学院，与其他学校相比，它没有一支声名显赫的运动队，没有田园诗一般的校园，也没有喧嚣嘈杂的派对——甚至连宿舍都没有，而且，直到最近也没取得学术上的可信度，可就是这所大学的办公室塞满了学生们寄来的申请函，这简直有些令人难以置信。