(完整版)Unit8TheDiscusThrower课文翻译综合教程四

全新版大学英语综合教程4课后翻译Unit 11. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。

2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。

3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.菲尔已经三个月没有找到工作了,正在变得越来越绝望。

4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。

5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.既然已经证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。

Unit 21.There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.空气有一种不寻常的寂静,只有远处响着大炮的声音。

2. The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problems.在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已经引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。

Unit--The-Discus-Thrower课文翻译综合教程四————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 8The Discus ThrowerRichard Selzer1 I spy on my patients. Ought not a doctor to observe his patients by any meansand from any stance that he might take for the more fully assemble evidence? So I stand in the doorways of hospital rooms and gaze. Oh, it is not all that furtive an act.Those in bed need only look up to discover me. But they never do.2 From the doorway of Room 542 the man in the bed seems deeply tanned. Blueeyes and close-cropped white hair give him the appearance of vigor and good health.But I know that his skin is not brown from the sun. It is rusted, rather, in the last stage of containing the vile repose within. And the blue eyes are frosted, looking inward like the windows of a snowbound cottage. This man is blind. This man is also legless ― the right leg missing from midthigh down, the left from just below the knee.It gives him the look of a bonsai, roots and branches pruned into the dwarfed facsimile of a great tree.3 Propped on pillows, he cups his right thigh in both hands. Now and then heshakes his head as though acknowledging the intensity of his suffering. In all of this he makes no sound. Is he mute as well as blind?4 The room in which he dwells is empty of all possessions ― no get-well cards,small, private caches of food, day-old flowers, slippers, all the usual kickshaws of the sick room. There is only the bed, a chair, a nightstand, and a tray on wheels that can be swung across his lap for meals.5 “What time is it?” he asks.“Three o’clock.”“Morning or afternoon?”“Afternoon.”He is silent. There is nothing else he wants to know.“How are you?” I say.“Who are you?” he asks.“It’s the doctor. How do you feel?”He does not answer right away.“Feel?” he says.“I hope you feel better,” I say.I press the button at the side of the bed.“Down you go,” I say.“Yes, down,” he says.6 He falls back upon the bed awkwardly. His stumps, unweighted by legs and feet,rise in the air, presenting themselves. I unwrap the bandages from the stumps, and begin to cut away the black scabs and the dead, glazed fat with scissors and forceps.A shard of white bone comes loose. I pick it away. I wash the wounds withdisinfectant and redress the stumps. All this while, he does not speak. What is he thinking behind those lids that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when his body was not a rotting log?7 He lies solid and inert. In spite of everything, he remains impressive, as thoughhe were a sailor standing athwart a slanting deck.“Anything more I can do for you?” I ask.For a long moment he is silent.“Yes,” he says at last and without the least irony. “You can bring me a pair of shoes.”In the corridor, the head nurse is waiting for me.“We have to do something about him,” she says. “Every morning he orders scrambled eggs for breakfast, and, instead of eating them, he picks up theplate and throws it against the wall.”“Throws his plate?”“Nasty. That’s what he is. No wonder his family doesn’t come to visit. They probably can’t stand him any more than we can.”She is waiting for me to do something.“Well?”“We’ll see,” I say.8 The next morning I am waiting in the corridor when the kitchen delivers hisbreakfast. I watch the aide place the tray on the stand and swing it across his lap. She presses the button to raise the head of the bed. Then she leaves.9 In time the man reaches to find the rim of the tray, then on to find the dome ofthe covered dish. He lifts off the cover and places it on the stand. He fingers across the plate until he probes the eggs. He lifts the plate in both hands, sets it on the palm of his right hand, centers it, balances it. He hefts it up and down slightly, getting the feel on it. Abruptly, he draws back his right arm as far as he can.10 There is the crack of the plate breaking against the wall at the foot of his bed andthe small wet sound of the scrambled eggs dropping to the floor.11 And then he laughs. It is a sound you have never heard. It is something newunder the sun. It could cure cancer.Out in the corridor, the eyes of the head nurse narrow.“Laughed, did he?”She writes something down on her clipboard.12 A second aide arrives, brings a second breakfast tray, puts it on the nightstand,out of his reach. She looks over at me shaking her head and making her mouth go. I see that we are to be accomplices.13 “I’ve got to feed you,” she says to the man.“Oh, no, you don’t,” the man says.“Oh, yes, I do,” the aide says, “after the way you just did. Nurse says so.”“Get me my shoes,” the man says.“Here’s the oatmeal,” the aide says. “Open.” And she t ouches the spoon to his lower lip.“I ordered scrambled eggs,” says the man.“That’s right,” the aide says.I step forward.“Is there anything I can do?” I say.“Who are you?” the man asks.14 In the evening I go once more to that ward to make my rounds. The head nursereports to me that Room 542 is deceased. She has discovered this by accident, she says. No, there had been no sound. Nothing. It’s a blessing, she says.15 I go into his room, a spy looking for secrets. He is still there in his bed. His faceis relaxed, grave, dignified. After a while, I turn to leave. My gaze sweeps the wall at the foot of the bed, and I see the place where it has been repeatedly washed, where the wall looks very clean and white.掷铁饼者理查德·塞尔泽1 我窥探我的病人。

Unit 8The Discus ThrowerRichard Selzer1 I spy on my patients. Ought not a doctor to observe his patients by any meansand from any stance that he might take for the more fully assemble evidence? So I stand in the doorways of hospital rooms and gaze. Oh, it is not all that furtive an act.Those in bed need only look up to discover me. But they never do.2 From the doorway of Room 542 the man in the bed seems deeply tanned. Blueeyes and close-cropped white hair give him the appearance of vigor and good health.But I know that his skin is not brown from the sun. It is rusted, rather, in the last stage of containing the vile repose within. And the blue eyes are frosted, looking inward like the windows of a snowbound cottage. This man is blind. This man is also legless ― the right leg missing from midthigh down, the left from just below the knee.It gives him the look of a bonsai, roots and branches pruned into the dwarfed facsimile of a great tree.3 Propped on pillows, he cups his right thigh in both hands. Now and then heshakes his head as though acknowledging the intensity of his suffering. In all of this he makes no sound. Is he mute as well as blind?4 The room in which he dwells is empty of all possessions ― no get-well cards,small, private caches of food, day-old flowers, slippers, all the usual kickshaws of the sick room. There is only the bed, a chair, a nightstand, and a tray on wheels that can be swung across his lap for meals.5 “What time is it?” he asks.“Three o’clock.”“Morning or afternoon?”“Afternoon.”He is silent. There is nothing else he wants to know.“How are you?” I say.“Who are you?” he asks.“It’s the doctor. How do you feel?”He does not answer right away.“Feel?” he says.“I hope you feel better,” I say.I press the button at the side of the bed.“Down you go,” I say.“Yes, down,” he says.6 He falls back upon the bed awkwardly. His stumps, unweighted by legs and feet,rise in the air, presenting themselves. I unwrap the bandages from the stumps, and begin to cut away the black scabs and the dead, glazed fat with scissors and forceps.A shard of white bone comes loose. I pick it away. I wash the wounds withdisinfectant and redress the stumps. All this while, he does not speak. What is he thinking behind those lids that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when his body was not a rotting log?7 He lies solid and inert. In spite of everything, he remains impressive, as thoughhe were a sailor standing athwart a slanting deck.“Anything more I can do for you?” I ask.For a long moment he is silent.“Yes,” he says at last and without the least irony. “You can bring me a pair of shoes.”In the corridor, the head nurse is waiting for me.“We have to do something about him,” she says. “Every morning he orders scrambled eggs for breakfast, and, instead of eating them, he picks up the plate and throws it against the wall.”“Throws his plate?”“Nasty. That’s what he is. No wonder his family doesn’t come to visit. They probably can’t stand him any more than we can.”She is waiting for me to do something.“Well?”“We’ll see,” I say.8 The next morning I am waiting in the corridor when the kitchen delivers hisbreakfast. I watch the aide place the tray on the stand and swing it across his lap. She presses the button to raise the head of the bed. Then she leaves.9 In time the man reaches to find the rim of the tray, then on to find the dome ofthe covered dish. He lifts off the cover and places it on the stand. He fingers across the plate until he probes the eggs. He lifts the plate in both hands, sets it on the palm of his right hand, centers it, balances it. He hefts it up and down slightly, getting the feel on it. Abruptly, he draws back his right arm as far as he can.10 There is the crack of the plate breaking against the wall at the foot of his bed andthe small wet sound of the scrambled eggs dropping to the floor.11 And then he laughs. It is a sound you have never heard. It is something newunder the sun. It could cure cancer.Out in the corridor, the eyes of the head nurse narrow.“Laughed, did he?”She writes something down on her clipboard.12 A second aide arrives, brings a second breakfast tray, puts it on the nightstand,out of his reach. She looks over at me shaking her head and making her mouth go. I see that we are to be accomplices.13 “I’ve got to feed you,” she says to the man.“Oh, no, you don’t,” the man says.“Oh, yes, I do,” the aide says, “after the way you just did. Nurse says so.”“Get me my shoes,” the man says.“Here’s the oatmeal,” the aide says. “Open.” And she touches the spoon to his lower lip.“I ordered scrambled eggs,” says the man.“That’s right,” the aide says.I step forward.“Is there anything I can do?” I say.“Who are you?” the man asks.14 In the evening I go once more to that ward to make my rounds. The head nursereports to me that Room 542 is deceased. She has discovered this by accident, she says. No, there had been no sound. Nothing. It’s a ble ssing, she says.15 I go into his room, a spy looking for secrets. He is still there in his bed. His faceis relaxed, grave, dignified. After a while, I turn to leave. My gaze sweeps the wall at the foot of the bed, and I see the place where it has been repeatedly washed, where the wall looks very clean and white.掷铁饼者理查德·塞尔泽1 我窥探我的病人。

新标准大学英语综合教程4（unit-8）课后答案及课文翻译应K e y t o b o o k4u n i t1- 4 Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four yearsaway, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or(b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or(b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without makinga decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of anevent (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problem s. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place lookbrighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discour se marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in use word formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view(a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook) try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should getthe job.3 Since we’r e all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rat her late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, orinteresting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But m y parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetablesthrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is no t all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this r ate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

Unit 8 The Discus ThrowerKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI . Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F (Refer to Paragraph 1.)2. F (Refer to Paragraph 2. Here it is stated that the patient's skin is not brown from the sun, though it looks deeply tanned from a distance. Rather, his skin becomes reddish because he was in his last stage of life, that is, he was approaching death.)3. F (Refer to Paragraph 7. When the doctor offered his help, the patient remained silent for a long time, and then in real earnest he asked for a pair of shoes, hoping against hope that the doctor would make him a whole being again.)4. T (Refer to Paragraph 7.)III. A nswer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 1. No, he doesn't. Instead, he finds the activity justifiable. For one thing, he thinks the activity is well-meant, i.e. he wants to collect more pathological evidence in order to give the patients more effective treatment. For another, his activity is not spying in the true sense, for the act is far from furtive.2. Refer to Paragraph 2. The fact that there are no get-well cards, no small, private caches of food and day-old flowers shows that he has been abandoned by his family and friends.3. Refer to Paragraph 7. As a blind man, he is restrained in activity. Now without legs he is completely confined to bed. Like a caged bird, he longs for freedom and dreams of going back to his career. Thus it is understandable why he repeatedly asks for shoes.4. Refer to Paragraphs 9?0. This is the way he expresses his wrath with the unfair fate. He is deprived of sight and now his legs. Deserted by society, he is left with very little. Indignant as he is, he can avenge himself upon nobody. What he can do is only to crash his plate against the wall to vent his anger and despair. Moreover, he would rather die ina stroke like the plate than linger in agony.5. Refer to Paragraph 11. The laughter is unique as is indicated in Paragraph 11. It comes both from the pleasure after revenge by crashing the plate and the hope to extricate himself from his agony by means of an abrupt death like the plate. Since freedom in this material world is impossible to him, he wishes to have it in the other world.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. "Yes, I am going down," he says, meaning literally that he is going down with the bed but metaphorically that his physical condition is going from bad to worse.2. The wild, relaxed laughter is a totally new sound in the world that nobody has ever heard. The joyful laughter could even give a promising future to cancer patients.3. The aide looks across at me, shaking her head to express her frustration and pursing her lips to signal her annoyance.Structural analysis of the textThis text can be divided into three parts. Part 1, i.e. Paragraph 1, serves as an introduction to the background of the story. Part 2, i.e. Paragraphs 2?3, describes the strange behaviour of a particular patient dubbed "the discus thrower" and his conflict with the health workers. Part 3, i.e. Paragraphs 14?5, tells the reader about the death of the patient. Here are the suggested headlines for the three parts: Part 1: Spying on Patients: a Habit of Mine; Part 2: Encounters with a Particular Patient; Part 3: The Death of the Patient.Rhetorical features of the text1. The questions he asks himself:Ought not a doctor to observe his patients by any means and from any stance, that he might the more fully assemble evidence?Is he mute as well as blind?What is he thinking behind those lids that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when his body was not a rotting log?These questions call for no answer but they reveal the inner thoughts of the narrator. He seems to be trying to place himself in the position of the patient for a better understanding of the patient's psychology.2. The questions he asks in his dialogue with the patient:"How are you?""How do you feel?""Anything more I can do for you?"These questions help to show that the narrator is very patient with and responsible for his patient.Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. reddish brown2. low-growing3. almost unbearable degree4. brings the spoon into light contact with5. visit the patientsII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word from the box in its appropriate form. 1. accomplice 2. probing3. furtive4. solid5. pruned6. acknowledging7. hefted 8. unwrappedIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. peculiar2. impression3. dwellings4. delivery5. disinfectants6. assembly7. probings 8. awkwardlyIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. B2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C7. A8. AV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: stare (watch, look)2. Synonym: live (reside, inhabit, lodge, stay)3. Synonym: sway4. Synonym: satire (sarcasm, derision, ridicule)5. Antonym: tense (nervous, stressed, anxious)6. Synonym: remarkable (extraordinary, notable, striking)7. Antonym: desirable (pleasant, agreeable)8. Synonym: stretch (extend)VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1. location2. praises3. much4. Supporting5. usually6. bring togetherGrammar exercisesI. Make comments on the following situations, using the words and structures given.1. you have enjoyed it2. she needs a good rest3. you have had a good time4. someone has / had smoked in here5. I had run a marathon6. Susan isn't coming7. he were an old man8. the world were coming to an endII. Complete the following sentences according to the situations given in italics.1. I were/was a child2. it happened only yesterday3. she knew everything4. to let the painful memories pass5. awakened from some dream6. searching for something7. she were the Queen8. he were a patientIII. M atch the sentences or sentence fragments in Column A with those in Column B. 1. J 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. G6. H7. E8. F9. I 10. CIV. Rewrite the following sentences, putting as many words as possible in the plural with other necessary changes.1. Apes are the animals nearest to men in appearance.2. These articles are well written, but there is still room for improvement.3. Crises often occur in the best-regulated families.4. The passers-by stopped and put their hands into their trouser pockets.5. Traffic accidents often occur at crossroads.6. Telephones are a necessity in the modern world.7. The storms did great damage to the crops.8. We have a very high opinion of the old professors.V. Fill in the blanks with is or are.1. are2. is3. are / is4. is5. is / are6. is / are7. are 8. IsVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.(Reference version)1. When she came in from the rainstorm, she looked as though she had just taken a shower with her clothes on.2. Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her sides, heels slightly raised, every muscle anticipating action.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 这让他看上去像一盘盆景，树根和树枝都被修剪掉了，一棵大树只剩下矮小的树干。

UNIT 8 THE DISCUS THROWERWords and Expressionsspy: v. noticeCollocation:spy on:secretly or furtively observe sb. or sth.e.g.The children loved spying on the grownups.Blank filling:The US. government the movements of the terrorists since 9.11. (Answer: has been spying on)stance: n.an attitude or view about an issue that you state clearlyCollocation: stance on/toward/againste.g.Tell us what your stance is on capital punishment.furtive:a.done on the sly or in a sneaky waye.g.The thief gave a furtive glance at the defense attorney when the judge read the charges.Synonym:secret, stealthy, covert, clandestine, surreptitious, underhand Comparison:Secret is the most general.e.g.a desk with a secret compartment; secret negotiationsStealthy suggests quiet, cautious deceptiveness intended to escape notice.e.g.Paul heard stealthy footsteps on the stairs.Covert describes something that is concealed or disguisede.g. Every measure, both overt and covert, is being taken against terrorists. Clandestine (a.&n.) implies stealth and secrecy for the concealment of an often illegal or improper purposee.g.clandestine intelligence operationsFurtive suggests the slyness, shiftiness, and evasiveness of a thief.e.g.Chris kept stealing furtive glances at me.Surreptitious is stealthy, furtive, and often unseemly or unethical.e.g.His surreptitious behavior naturally aroused suspicion.Underhand implies unfairness, deceit, or slyness as well as secrecy.e.g.He’s a gentleman and wou ld never say anything underhand about me.frosted:a.covered with frost or something like froste.g. a frosted windowfrosted glassfrosted blue eyesbonsai:n.an ornamental tree of shrub grown in a pot and artificially prevented from reaching its normal sizedwarf:n. & a. (of) sth. or sb. much shorter than the normale.g.dwarf tree, plant, animalv.to cause to appear small by comparisone.g.Together these two big men dwarfed the tiny Broadway office. buildings dwarfedby the surrounding hillsfacsimile:n.an exact copy of sth., especially a book or documente.g.He spread out several facsimile weather charts.prop (up): v.support by placing against sth. solid or rigid; shore upe.g.Try to prop up the tent with the branch from the tree.He can’t always expect his colleagues to prop him up.to prop up a new regime扶植一个新政权cup:v.support or hold sth. with the hands that are curved like a dishe.g.He cupped her chin in the palm of his hand.Make a sentence with the following key words: kneel, cup, hand, river water. Answer: David knelt, cupped his hands and splashed river water onto his face.swing: v. (swung, swung) move sth. from side to sidee.g. A large pendulum swung back and forth inside the grandfather clock.His mood swings between elation and despair.probe:v.physically explore or examine sth. with the hands or an instrumente.g.Detectives questioned him for hours, probing for any inconsistencies in his story. Collocation:probe in/intoe.g.The official enquiry will probe into alleged corruption within the Defence Ministry.They probed in/into the mud with a special drill, looking for a long-buried shipwreck.heft: v. lift or hold sth. in order to test its weighte.g.I watched him heft the heavy sack onto his shoulder.accomplice:n.sb. who helps another person to do sth. illegal or wronge.g.He is suspected as an accomplice of the murder.Derivation:complicity:n. (formal) the act of taking part with another person in a crimee.g. complicity in a crimeConfusing words:accomplice, accomplishgo/make one’s rounds(1) deliver mail door to door; go round (esp. a hospital ward); inspecte.g.make/go the rounds of the wards（医院）查房(2) spreade.g. a paragraph going the rounds of various journalsWar rumors are going the rounds.deseased: a. deade.g.flowers on the grave of deceased relativesthe deseased:(formal and legal) person(s) who has(have) recently diede.g.The deceased was a highly respected member of the farming community. Confusing words:deceased, diseased。

第一单元大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21 岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始消退。

总算熬到头了。

等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。

这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了哼哼一代的成员。

他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65 万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5 个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更清晰的计划。

他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。

他们给的年薪是1 万8 千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国国论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”。

他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。

跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。

其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市摆货，其余的都是白天9 点到5 点“无所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打发时间。

Unit 8 The Discus ThrowerKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI . Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F (Refer to Paragraph 1.)2. F (Refer to Paragraph 2. Here it is stated that the patient's skin is not brown from the sun, though it looks deeply tanned from a distance. Rather, his skin becomes reddish because he was in his last stage of life, that is, he was approaching death.)3. F (Refer to Paragraph 7. When the doctor offered his help, the patient remained silent for a long time, and then in real earnest he asked for a pair of shoes, hoping against hope that the doctor would make him a whole being again.)4. T (Refer to Paragraph 7.)III. A nswer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 1. No, he doesn't. Instead, he finds the activity justifiable. For one thing, he thinks the activity is well-meant, i.e. he wants to collect more pathological evidence in order to give the patients more effective treatment. For another, his activity is not spying in the true sense, for the act is far from furtive.2. Refer to Paragraph 2. The fact that there are no get-well cards, no small, private caches of food and day-old flowers shows that he has been abandoned by his family and friends.3. Refer to Paragraph 7. As a blind man, he is restrained in activity. Now without legs he is completely confined to bed. Like a caged bird, he longs for freedom and dreams of going back to his career. Thus it is understandable why he repeatedly asks for shoes.4. Refer to Paragraphs 9?0. This is the way he expresses his wrath with the unfair fate. He is deprived of sight and now his legs. Deserted by society, he is left with very little. Indignant as he is, he can avenge himself upon nobody. What he can do is only to crash his plate against the wall to vent his anger and despair. Moreover, he would rather die ina stroke like the plate than linger in agony.5. Refer to Paragraph 11. The laughter is unique as is indicated in Paragraph 11. It comes both from the pleasure after revenge by crashing the plate and the hope to extricate himself from his agony by means of an abrupt death like the plate. Since freedom in this material world is impossible to him, he wishes to have it in the other world.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. "Yes, I am going down," he says, meaning literally that he is going down with the bed but metaphorically that his physical condition is going from bad to worse.2. The wild, relaxed laughter is a totally new sound in the world that nobody has ever heard. The joyful laughter could even give a promising future to cancer patients.3. The aide looks across at me, shaking her head to express her frustration and pursing her lips to signal her annoyance.Structural analysis of the textThis text can be divided into three parts. Part 1, i.e. Paragraph 1, serves as an introduction to the background of the story. Part 2, i.e. Paragraphs 2?3, describes the strange behaviour of a particular patient dubbed "the discus thrower" and his conflict with the health workers. Part 3, i.e. Paragraphs 14?5, tells the reader about the death of the patient. Here are the suggested headlines for the three parts: Part 1: Spying on Patients: a Habit of Mine; Part 2: Encounters with a Particular Patient; Part 3: The Death of the Patient.Rhetorical features of the text1. The questions he asks himself:Ought not a doctor to observe his patients by any means and from any stance, that he might the more fully assemble evidence?Is he mute as well as blind?What is he thinking behind those lids that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when his body was not a rotting log?These questions call for no answer but they reveal the inner thoughts of the narrator. He seems to be trying to place himself in the position of the patient for a better understanding of the patient's psychology.2. The questions he asks in his dialogue with the patient:"How are you?""How do you feel?""Anything more I can do for you?"These questions help to show that the narrator is very patient with and responsible for his patient.Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. reddish brown2. low-growing3. almost unbearable degree4. brings the spoon into light contact with5. visit the patientsII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word from the box in its appropriate form. 1. accomplice 2. probing3. furtive4. solid5. pruned6. acknowledging7. hefted 8. unwrappedIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. peculiar2. impression3. dwellings4. delivery5. disinfectants6. assembly7. probings 8. awkwardlyIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. B2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C7. A8. AV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: stare (watch, look)2. Synonym: live (reside, inhabit, lodge, stay)3. Synonym: sway4. Synonym: satire (sarcasm, derision, ridicule)5. Antonym: tense (nervous, stressed, anxious)6. Synonym: remarkable (extraordinary, notable, striking)7. Antonym: desirable (pleasant, agreeable)8. Synonym: stretch (extend)VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1. location2. praises3. much4. Supporting5. usually6. bring togetherGrammar exercisesI. Make comments on the following situations, using the words and structures given.1. you have enjoyed it2. she needs a good rest3. you have had a good time4. someone has / had smoked in here5. I had run a marathon6. Susan isn't coming7. he were an old man8. the world were coming to an endII. Complete the following sentences according to the situations given in italics.1. I were/was a child2. it happened only yesterday3. she knew everything4. to let the painful memories pass5. awakened from some dream6. searching for something7. she were the Queen8. he were a patientIII. M atch the sentences or sentence fragments in Column A with those in Column B. 1. J 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. G6. H7. E8. F9. I 10. CIV. Rewrite the following sentences, putting as many words as possible in the plural with other necessary changes.1. Apes are the animals nearest to men in appearance.2. These articles are well written, but there is still room for improvement.3. Crises often occur in the best-regulated families.4. The passers-by stopped and put their hands into their trouser pockets.5. Traffic accidents often occur at crossroads.6. Telephones are a necessity in the modern world.7. The storms did great damage to the crops.8. We have a very high opinion of the old professors.V. Fill in the blanks with is or are.1. are2. is3. are / is4. is5. is / are6. is / are7. are 8. IsVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.(Reference version)1. When she came in from the rainstorm, she looked as though she had just taken a shower with her clothes on.2. Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her sides, heels slightly raised, every muscle anticipating action.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 这让他看上去像一盘盆景，树根和树枝都被修剪掉了，一棵大树只剩下矮小的树干。

莫扎特的力量总部设在巴黎的艺术家卡蒂亚·埃利亚（Katia Eliad）陷入困境。

她觉得自己的创意被阻挡了，与自己脱节，并且有些莫名的原因无法在她的抽象绘画中使用绿色或蓝色。

所以去年春天，她开始了一个不寻常的对待：莫扎特的音乐每两个小时，一次三个星期的时间，通过特殊的振动耳机过滤，有时会削减最低的音调。

她说，影响是戏剧性的。

“我更加放心自己，和人一起，一切都好，”埃利亚德说，“我觉得在短短8个月内已经做了10年的精神分析。

”蓝色和绿色回到了她的调色板。

至于莫扎特，“当噩梦中醒来时，他就像一个爷爷，平静下来。

沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特出生于250年前，1756年1月27日，并在世界各地庆祝庆祝周年庆典。

今年将充满他的音乐，但也将是时候重新审视他三十五年生活的矛盾和矛盾的解释。

他的角色很多，他的父亲利奥波德在欧洲法庭上游行，那个肮脏的小女孩的信件证明了喜欢淡色的实用笑话。

一个普遍的误解是他被埋在维也纳圣马克思公墓的贫民窟。

另一个未经证实的传奇，由于受到电影Amadeus的影响，得到了广泛的信赖，他将他视为嫉妒法庭对手Antonio Salieri的受害者。

热心崇拜者认为他是神圣的启发，但是一些现代心理学家发现了一种婴儿回归的个性。

如果他今天还活着，萨尔茨堡旅游局的赫伯特·布鲁格（Herbert Brugger）说，他将是“一个流行歌星，在王子，迈克尔·杰克逊和罗比·威廉姆斯之间。

关于这种类型转换有一点新鲜事。

但在过去十年中，莫扎特越来越多地被置于一个可能是最有争议的角色：作为心灵和身体的治疗者。

在这个新时代的解读中，莫扎特是最终的作曲家治疗师，音乐可以帮助治疗从痤疮到阿尔茨海默病的疾病，甚至声称让你和你的孩子更聪明。

其中一些索赔是基于科学的。

芝加哥的一名神经外科医生进行了研究，显示某些莫扎特片段可以降低某些患者癫痫发作的严重性和频率，而加利福尼亚州尔湾的研究人员发现，有些阿尔茨海默病患者在听莫扎特后能够更好地进行心理测试10分钟但是大部分配套材料都是轶事。

Unit 8 The Discus ThrowerKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI . Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F (Refer to Paragraph 1.)2. F (Refer to Paragraph 2. Here it is stated that the patient's skin is not brown from the sun, though it looks deeply tanned from a distance. Rather, his skin becomes reddish because he was in his last stage of life, that is, he was approaching death.)3. F (Refer to Paragraph 7. When the doctor offered his help, the patient remained silent for a long time, and then in real earnest he asked for a pair of shoes, hoping against hope that the doctor would make him a whole being again.)4. T (Refer to Paragraph 7.)III. A nswer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 1. No, he doesn't. Instead, he finds the activity justifiable. For one thing, he thinks the activity is well-meant, i.e. he wants to collect more pathological evidence in order to give the patients more effective treatment. For another, his activity is not spying in the true sense, for the act is far from furtive.2. Refer to Paragraph 2. The fact that there are no get-well cards, no small, private caches of food and day-old flowers shows that he has been abandoned by his family and friends.3. Refer to Paragraph 7. As a blind man, he is restrained in activity. Now without legs he is completely confined to bed. Like a caged bird, he longs for freedom and dreams of going back to his career. Thus it is understandable why he repeatedly asks for shoes.4. Refer to Paragraphs 9?0. This is the way he expresses his wrath with the unfair fate. He is deprived of sight and now his legs. Deserted by society, he is left with very little. Indignant as he is, he can avenge himself upon nobody. What he can do is only to crash his plate against the wall to vent his anger and despair. Moreover, he would rather die ina stroke like the plate than linger in agony.5. Refer to Paragraph 11. The laughter is unique as is indicated in Paragraph 11. It comes both from the pleasure after revenge by crashing the plate and the hope to extricate himself from his agony by means of an abrupt death like the plate. Since freedom in this material world is impossible to him, he wishes to have it in the other world.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. "Yes, I am going down," he says, meaning literally that he is going down with the bed but metaphorically that his physical condition is going from bad to worse.2. The wild, relaxed laughter is a totally new sound in the world that nobody has ever heard. The joyful laughter could even give a promising future to cancer patients.3. The aide looks across at me, shaking her head to express her frustration and pursing her lips to signal her annoyance.Structural analysis of the textThis text can be divided into three parts. Part 1, i.e. Paragraph 1, serves as an introduction to the background of the story. Part 2, i.e. Paragraphs 2?3, describes the strange behaviour of a particular patient dubbed "the discus thrower" and his conflict with the health workers. Part 3, i.e. Paragraphs 14?5, tells the reader about the death of the patient. Here are the suggested headlines for the three parts: Part 1: Spying on Patients: a Habit of Mine; Part 2: Encounters with a Particular Patient; Part 3: The Death of the Patient.Rhetorical features of the text1. The questions he asks himself:Ought not a doctor to observe his patients by any means and from any stance, that he might the more fully assemble evidence?Is he mute as well as blind?What is he thinking behind those lids that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when his body was not a rotting log?These questions call for no answer but they reveal the inner thoughts of the narrator. He seems to be trying to place himself in the position of the patient for a better understanding of the patient's psychology.2. The questions he asks in his dialogue with the patient:"How are you?""How do you feel?""Anything more I can do for you?"These questions help to show that the narrator is very patient with and responsible for his patient.Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. reddish brown2. low-growing3. almost unbearable degree4. brings the spoon into light contact with5. visit the patientsII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word from the box in its appropriate form. 1. accomplice 2. probing3. furtive4. solid5. pruned6. acknowledging7. hefted 8. unwrappedIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. peculiar2. impression3. dwellings4. delivery5. disinfectants6. assembly7. probings 8. awkwardlyIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. B2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C7. A8. AV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: stare (watch, look)2. Synonym: live (reside, inhabit, lodge, stay)3. Synonym: sway4. Synonym: satire (sarcasm, derision, ridicule)5. Antonym: tense (nervous, stressed, anxious)6. Synonym: remarkable (extraordinary, notable, striking)7. Antonym: desirable (pleasant, agreeable)8. Synonym: stretch (extend)VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1. location2. praises3. much4. Supporting5. usually6. bring togetherGrammar exercisesI. Make comments on the following situations, using the words and structures given.1. you have enjoyed it2. she needs a good rest3. you have had a good time4. someone has / had smoked in here5. I had run a marathon6. Susan isn't coming7. he were an old man8. the world were coming to an endII. Complete the following sentences according to the situations given in italics.1. I were/was a child2. it happened only yesterday3. she knew everything4. to let the painful memories pass5. awakened from some dream6. searching for something7. she were the Queen8. he were a patientIII. M atch the sentences or sentence fragments in Column A with those in Column B. 1. J 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. G6. H7. E8. F9. I 10. CIV. Rewrite the following sentences, putting as many words as possible in the plural with other necessary changes.1. Apes are the animals nearest to men in appearance.2. These articles are well written, but there is still room for improvement.3. Crises often occur in the best-regulated families.4. The passers-by stopped and put their hands into their trouser pockets.5. Traffic accidents often occur at crossroads.6. Telephones are a necessity in the modern world.7. The storms did great damage to the crops.8. We have a very high opinion of the old professors.V. Fill in the blanks with is or are.1. are2. is3. are / is4. is5. is / are6. is / are7. are 8. IsVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.(Reference version)1. When she came in from the rainstorm, she looked as though she had just taken a shower with her clothes on.2. Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her sides, heels slightly raised, every muscle anticipating action.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 这让他看上去像一盘盆景，树根和树枝都被修剪掉了，一棵大树只剩下矮小的树干。

the discus thrower课文主旨大意
《掷铁饼者》这篇课文主要讲述了一个濒临死亡的年老患者在心灵与肉体遭受双重折磨的苦难中，试图保持尊严的故事。

故事的开始是医生以叙述者的身份悄悄地观察躺在医院的病床上一位年老患者。

这位病人形象与古希腊雕塑《掷铁饼者》形成鲜明对比。

古希腊雕塑赞美了人体的美和运动所饱含的生命力，被看作古希腊雕塑美的典范。

作者用它做题目来描写一个肢体残缺的老者，旨在刻画出老者在苦难中仍试图保持尊严的形象。

以上内容仅供参考，建议查阅《掷铁饼者》课文原文，获取更准确的信息。

Unit1 Text A人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。

人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。

人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。

人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。

然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。

在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。

森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。

这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。

科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。

生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。

人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。

清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。

人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。

年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。

Unit 8The Discus ThrowerRichard Selzer1 I spy on my patients. Ought not a doctor to observe his patients by any meansand from any stance that he might take for the more fully assemble evidence? So I stand in the doorways of hospital rooms and gaze. Oh, it is not all that furtive an act.Those in bed need only look up to discover me. But they never do.2 From the doorway of Room 542 the man in the bed seems deeply tanned. Blueeyes and close-cropped white hair give him the appearance of vigor and good health.But I know that his skin is not brown from the sun. It is rusted, rather, in the last stage of containing the vile repose within. And the blue eyes are frosted, looking inward like the windows of a snowbound cottage. This man is blind. This man is also legless ― the right leg missing from midthigh down, the left from just below the knee.It gives him the look of a bonsai, roots and branches pruned into the dwarfed facsimile of a great tree.3 Propped on pillows, he cups his right thigh in both hands. Now and then heshakes his head as though acknowledging the intensity of his suffering. In all of this he makes no sound. Is he mute as well as blind?4 The room in which he dwells is empty of all possessions ― no get-well cards,small, private caches of food, day-old flowers, slippers, all the usual kickshaws of the sick room. There is only the bed, a chair, a nightstand, and a tray on wheels that can be swung across his lap for meals.5 “What time is it?” he asks.“Three o’clock.”“Morning or afternoon?”“Afternoon.”He is silent. There is nothing else he wants to know.“How are you?” I say.“Who are you?” he asks.“It’s the doctor. How do you feel?”He does not answer right away.“Feel?” he says.“I hope you feel better,” I say.I press the button at the side of the bed.“Down you go,” I say.“Yes, down,” he says.6 He falls back upon the bed awkwardly. His stumps, unweighted by legs and feet,rise in the air, presenting themselves. I unwrap the bandages from the stumps, and begin to cut away the black scabs and the dead, glazed fat with scissors and forceps.A shard of white bone comes loose. I pick it away. I wash the wounds withdisinfectant and redress the stumps. All this while, he does not speak. What is he thinking behind those lids that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when his body was not a rotting log?7 He lies solid and inert. In spite of everything, he remains impressive, as thoughhe were a sailor standing athwart a slanting deck.“Anything more I can do for you?” I ask.For a long moment he is silent.“Yes,” he says at last and without the least irony. “You can bring me a pair of shoes.”In the corridor, the head nurse is waiting for me.“We have to do something about him,” she says. “Every morning he orders scrambled eggs for breakfast, and, instead of eating them, he picks up the plate and throws it against the wall.”“Throws his plate?”“Nasty. That’s what he is. No wonder his family doesn’t come to visit. They probably can’t stand him any more than we can.”She is waiting for me to do something.“Well?”“We’ll see,” I say.8 The next morning I am waiting in the corridor when the kitchen delivers hisbreakfast. I watch the aide place the tray on the stand and swing it across his lap. She presses the button to raise the head of the bed. Then she leaves.9 In time the man reaches to find the rim of the tray, then on to find the dome ofthe covered dish. He lifts off the cover and places it on the stand. He fingers across the plate until he probes the eggs. He lifts the plate in both hands, sets it on the palm of his right hand, centers it, balances it. He hefts it up and down slightly, getting the feel on it. Abruptly, he draws back his right arm as far as he can.10 There is the crack of the plate breaking against the wall at the foot of his bed andthe small wet sound of the scrambled eggs dropping to the floor.11 And then he laughs. It is a sound you have never heard. It is something newunder the sun. It could cure cancer.Out in the corridor, the eyes of the head nurse narrow.“Laughed, did he?”She writes something down on her clipboard.12 A second aide arrives, brings a second breakfast tray, puts it on the nightstand,out of his reach. She looks over at me shaking her head and making her mouth go. I see that we are to be accomplices.13 “I’ve got to feed you,” she says to the man.“Oh, no, you don’t,” the man says.“Oh, yes, I do,” the aide says, “after the way you just did. Nurse says so.”“Get me my shoes,” the man says.“Here’s the oatmeal,” the aide says. “Open.” And she touches the spoon to his lower lip.“I ordered scrambled eggs,” says the man.“That’s right,” the aide says.I step forward.“Is there anything I can do?” I say.“Who are you?” the man asks.14 In the evening I go once more to that ward to make my rounds. The head nursereports to me that Room 542 is deceased. She has discovered this by accident, she says. No, there had been no sound. Nothing. It’s a ble ssing, she says.15 I go into his room, a spy looking for secrets. He is still there in his bed. His faceis relaxed, grave, dignified. After a while, I turn to leave. My gaze sweeps the wall at the foot of the bed, and I see the place where it has been repeatedly washed, where the wall looks very clean and white.掷铁饼者理查德·塞尔泽1 我窥探我的病人。

8A1|一小时的故事| 凯特·肖邦（1）因为知道马拉德太太患有心脏病，所以在告诉她丈夫死亡的消息时特别小心，尽量委婉。

2把这个坏消息透露给她的是她姐姐约瑟芬。

她说话时断断续续，只能半遮半掩地给她一些暗示。

她丈夫的朋友理查兹也在场，就在她身边。

铁道事故的消息传来时，理查兹正好在报社办公室，布伦特利·马拉德的名字排在“死亡”名单的首位。

第二封电报让他相信确有此事，于是他便立刻动身，赶在那些粗心大意、考虑不周的朋友之前把这个不幸的消息带了回来。

3许多女人听到这样的噩耗都会神情恍惚，麻木地接受现实。

马拉德太太却不然。

她猛地一下扑倒在姐姐怀里，号啕大哭起来。

这阵暴风雨般的悲痛过去之后，她独自一人回到了自己的房间，不让任何人跟着她。

4房间里放着一把舒适、宽大的扶手椅，对着敞开的窗户。

她一屁股坐在扶手椅上，身体的疲惫使她心力交瘁，这种疲惫似乎也侵入了她的灵魂。

5透过窗户，她看到了房前空旷广场上的树枝充满着新春的活力，空气中弥漫着清新的雨的气息。

楼下的街上有一个小贩正在叫卖。

远处的歌声隐隐约约地飘过来，数不清的鸟儿也叫个不停。

6从窗口望出去，西边的天空上层层叠叠的云团之间露出一片片蔚蓝。

7她坐在椅子里，头靠在椅垫上，非常平静。

只是偶尔抽泣一下，全身颤抖，好像一个哭着入睡的孩子在梦里仍在抽泣一样。

8她很年轻，面容白皙而安详。

但她脸上的线条却显示着一种压抑，甚至是一种力量。

但此时，她目光茫然，呆呆地望着远处的一片蓝天。

这并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥，而是她许久没有深思熟虑的体现。

9（2）有一种感觉正在向她靠近，那正是她充满恐惧等待着的感觉。

是什么感觉呢？她不知道，因为这种感觉太微妙，太难以捉摸，她说不清楚。

但她能感受得到，它正在空中蔓延，穿过弥漫于空中的声音、气味和色彩慢慢向她靠近。

10此时，她内心骚动不安，胸脯上下起伏。

她开始意识到了向她步步逼近并将渐渐征服她的感觉是什么。

她想尽力用自己的意志把这种感觉压下去——可是她的意志就像她那双白嫩纤细的手一样软弱无力。