名词变复数、动词三单形式现在分词过去分词过去式变化及形容词副词级别变化
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一、现在分词变化规则1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)2.去e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)3.重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例:sit+t+ing sitting)4.特殊变化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)(2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)(3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)(4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成.happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)(5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)(6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)more beautiful(比较级) more difficult (比较级)most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)good(原级)—better(比较级)--best(最高级)many(原级)—more(比较级)--most(最高级)bad(原级)—worse(比较级)--worst(最高级)far(原级)--farther(further)(比较级)--farthest(furthest)(最高级)ill(原级)--worse(比较级)--worst(最高级)(1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)(2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
词尾变化规则总表:名复单三现形过词尾情况名(词)复(数) 单三现(分) 形(副等级) 过(式,分) 一般+s +s +ing +er, est +eds,x,sh,ch +es +es 同上同上同上e +s +s 哑e 去,+ing +r, st +d单元音+1个辅音ⅹⅹ双写词尾+ing 双写词尾+er, est 双写词尾+ed 辅+y y—i,+es y---i,+es ⅹy---i,+er(est) y---i,+edmore, most +…..名复单三不双写现分没有y变i 形过变化样样有词尾变化规则总表:名复单三现形过词尾情况名(词)复(数) 单三现(分) 形(副等级) 过(式,分)1、一般+scat month ticket KoreanAmerican Australian IndianRussian Canadian ItalianGerman JewEuropean human boymonkey day way keyphoto piano radio zookilo mango(少用)+sopenlistencleanplaystaysay+inggo study seeopen fix openlisten cleansneeze (打喷嚏)see+er, esthard quick cold clever new narrow sourround smart loud mean stupid wild dullquiet black warm sick bright cool nearweak bald young straight tall short longcalm deep cheap strong high slow darkgreat blind dumb deaf full poor real fewgray polite(少用) often(2)+edplay help open stay fix cleanlisten finish borrow join returnpour perform rain work checkwait pick laugh mix end fear callhappen fail fold answer returnlook talk plant annoy knockreview hang(绞死)2、 e e +s e +shopecome哑e 去,+inglive come writetake havee +r, stfine free close nice able white blondesore true large safe handsome lame truesure cute(2种)e +dskate love like dance changepractice close die live receiveretire advice argue hate smileexchange smoke agree lie (说谎)sneeze打喷嚏3、单元音+ 1个辅音名复单三不双写双写词尾+ingsit begin shoprun forget planhit put set clapstar主演hiccup打嗝双写词尾+er, estred big hot thin fat sad slim flat mad双写词尾+edstop plan fit drop shop chat(聊天)trip(绊倒)kid (欺骗)star 主演hiccup打嗝4、辅+y,y—i y—i,+escity factory country babyfamily library dictionaryy---i,+escarrystudy现分没有y变i y---i,+er(est)easy happy healthy early busy ugly curlyfunny scary pretty angry cloudy sunnyrainy windy lovely friendly unfriendlyunhappy unlucky furry tiny guilty greedyheavy moody lively thirsty lazy hungrysorry empty crazy silly pushy luckyshy(2种)y---i,+edstudy cry marry carry worry5、s,x,sh,ch,o+esglass box watch dishwish busnegro hero potatotomato mango+escatchwatchfixbrushgo do名词变复数不规则变化f,fe---v+es thief—thieves (小偷)self—selves(自己)leaf—leaves(叶子) life---lives (命)half---halves;(一半)wife---wives (妻子)shelf—shelves(架)knife---knives(刀)wolf—wolves(狼)roof—roofs(屋顶)chef—chefs(厨师) scarf—scarfs,scarves( 围巾) 词形不变Chinese Japanese sheep deer Swiss 中日羊鹿瑞士人变成e man---men Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen foot---feet tooth---teeth只有复数clothes pants trousers shorts scissors (剪刀)compasses (圆规) glasses(眼镜)形复实单news maths politics physics形单实复cattle people police 谓语用复数特殊变化child---children mouse--mice合成名词只变一词boy student---boy students night school---night schools pencil sharpener-- sharpeners 两词都变woman doctor---women doctors man singer---men singers动词的现在分词形式不规则变化词尾情况规则例词ie ie----y,+ing die tie lie 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级形式不规则变化不规则变化多数多音节词more,most+原级useful famous quickly beautiful creative serious outgoing amazing awful exciting excited interested famous intelligentexpensive inexpensive tired honest wonderful interesting fantastic sadly beautifully delicious slowly open difficult carefullybeautifully deeply careless active athletic original foolish wrong right casual casually nervous unusual usual modest naturalpleased realistic popular loving inexpensive comfortable convenient crowded truly exhausted embarrassed convincing carelesscareful carefully enormous completely particularly quickly quietly aggressive specifically disappointed disgusted successfulsuitable educational gradually unpleasant pleasant polite(2种) common(2种)原级比较级最高级词义good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthest 距离further furthest 程度late later latest 时间latter last 顺序old older oldest 年龄关系elder eldest 兄弟姐妹关系GO FOR IT PT PPmeaning root form pt pp meaning root form pt pp让允许let let let 喂feed fed fed阅读read read read 遇见meet met met放置put put put 感觉feel felt felt花费cost cost cost 嗅,发出smell smelt smelt打hit hit hit 拼写spell spelt spelt砍切割cut cut cut 损坏,宠坏spoil spoilt spoilt伤害弄伤hurt hurt hurt 发现,找到 find found found撒抛投cast cast cast 举着,握着hold held held关闭 shut shut shut 听见hear heard heard沉入安置set set set 有,吃have/has had had传播展开spread spread spread 丢失,失去lose lost lost使阴暗overcast overcast overcast 离开,留下leave left left广播broadcast broadcast broadcast 制造,使得make made made预测forecast forecast forecast 射击射伤shoot shot shot爆炸burst burst burst 照耀发光shine shone shone捕捉赶上catch caught caught 坐sit sat sat教书教学teach taught taught 临时照顾babysit babysat babysat 想认为think thought thought 吐,吐唾液spit spat spat买buy bought bought 打赢,获胜win won won搜寻追求seek sought sought 出血bleed bled bled打架打仗fight fought fought 逃跑flee fled fled带来bring brought brought 改建rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 扫sweep swept swept 睡过头oversleep overslept overslept 哭泣流泪weep wept wept 挖dig dug dug保持keep kept kept 撒谎lie lied lied睡觉sleep slept slept 放置下蛋lay laid laid梦到,做梦dream dreamt dreamt 躺lie lay lain学习,学会learn learnt learnt 敲打,振翅beat beat beaten 燃烧burn burnt burnt 编织weave wove woven 建设build built built 上升,升起rise rose risen弯曲,弯腰bend bent bent 发生,呈现arise arose arisen花费,度过spend spent spent 驱使驱赶drive drove driven 发送,派遣send sent sent 拿走,带走take took taken付钱pay paid paid 误认为mistake mistook mistaken 说say said said 摇动挥动shake shook shaken 站立stand stood stood 刮风,吹blow blew blown明白understand understood understood 生长,种植grow grew grown 误解misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 知道,了解know knew known 卖sell sold sold 画,拖,拉draw drew drawn给give gave given 投掷抛throw threw thrown 原谅forgive forgave forgiven 飞行fly flew flown告诉tell told told 展示show showed shown 处置,对付deal dealt dealt 看见,看望see saw seen7下不规则动词的过去式汉语1 A-A 必让放读花打砍伤2 –ew 画长知扔示飞3-ought 想来买4-aught 教抓5 –o- 断忘说动词原形1 A--Amustletputreadcosthitcuthurt2 –ewdrawgrowknowthrowshowfly3 –oughtthinkbringbuy4 –-aughtteachcatch5 -o--breakforgetspeak过去式1 A—Amustletputread[♏]costhitcuthurt2 –ew[◆:]drewgrewknewthrewshowedflew3 –ought[ :]thoughtbroughtbought4-aught[[ :]taughtcaught5 –o—[☯☺]brokeforgotspoke写拿卖诉弄骑开站懂6 –e—留见意睡离握扫感落喂7 –-a--始喝跑唱游给坐writetakeselltellgetridedrivestandunderstand6–e—keepmeetmeansleepleaveholdsweepfeelfallfeed7 –-a--begindrinkrunsingswimgivesitwrotetooksoldtoldgotrodedrovestoodunderstood6 –e—[♏]keptmetmeantsleptleftheldsweptfeltfellfed7 –-a--[✌]begandrankransangswamgave[♏✋]sat8 be动词是是是9 助动词可能将将做做10----t花建丢11其他来去生有有看听说吃找花躺8 be动词amisare9 助动词maycanwillshalldodoes10----tspendbuildlose11其他comegobearhavehasseehearsayeatfindpaylie8 be动词waswaswere9 助动词mightcouldwouldshoulddiddid10----tspentbuiltlost[ ]11其他camewentbore [ :]hadhadsawheardsaidatefound[ ☺]paidlay GO FOR IT PT PP (八下常用)meaning root form pt pp meaning root form pt pp让允许let let let 到达get got got阅读read read read 绞死hang hanged hanged 放置put put put 悬挂hang hung hung 花费cost cost cost 照亮light lit lit打hit hit hit 撒谎lie lied lied砍切割cut cut cut 躺lie lay lain伤害弄伤hurt hurt hurt 下蛋lay laid laid沉入安置set set set 敲打beat beat beaten 关闭 shut shut shut 来come came come 抓catch caught caught 成为become became become 教teach taught taught 跑run ran run认为think thought thought 给give gave given 买buy bought bought 驾驶drive drove driven 打架fight fought fought 拿走take took taken规则与不规则的动词过去式、过去分词(八下常用)leave lie(说谎) like make lie mistake sit lay shake become beat berun come let give swim read hurt put love set blow cost shut drive hit grow take cut know catch fall think teach eat buy die get。
一、英语动词动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
1. 第三人称单数的构成方法与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样,即:(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成:work / works,read / reads等。
(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词,后加-es:guess / guesses, mix / mixes, go / goes, buzz / buzzes, finish / finishes, catch / catches等。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-es:fly / flies, study / studies等。
【注】①有个别的变化不规则,如have / has, be / is等。
②词尾-s和-es 读音规则是:在s, x, z, sh, ch 后的es读作[iz],其余的读作[z]。
2. 过去式和过去分词的构成方法分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
不规则变化需逐个记忆,规则变化遵循以下原则:(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。
(2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d:close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled 等。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed:study / studied, carry / carried等。
(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。
【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加-ed,如control / controlled,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ed。
小学英语动名词相第三人称单数动词ing等变化总结一、名词复数的变化规律1、规则变化1) 一般情况直接在词尾加-s . 如:chair—chairs;apple—apples;grape—grapes;desk—desks等。
2)以s、sh、ch、x等结尾的词加–es .如:bus—buses;watch—watches;box—boxes;brush—brushes等。
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y 为i 再加es,baby—babies;city—cities;family—families等。
4)以f或fe结尾的将f或fe直接换成ves. 如:knife—knives;thief—thieves;shelf—shelves等。
2、不规则变化1)没有规律的变化。
如:child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth;mouse—mice;woman—women等。
2)单复同形。
如:deer—deer;sheep—sheep;fish—fish;yuan—yuan;tofu—tofu;pork—pork等。
3)以o结尾的名词有的加es有的加s. 如:potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes;Hero—heroes等。
二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则1)直接在动词后+s. 如:like—likes;play—plays;read—reads;get—gets;help—helps;ski—skis等。
2)以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词:+es. 如:wash—washes;wacth—watches;teach—teaches;brush—brushes等。
3)以辅音+o接尾的动词:+es. 如:go—goes;do—does等。
4)以辅音+y接尾的动词:变y为i+es. 如:fly—flies;study —studies;carry—carries;sky—skies等。
名动形副变化规则总结一、名词复数变化规则:(-s)规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况加s :book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls2.以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es :class--- classes box----boxes match----matches3.辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es:city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories4.以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词:heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros negroes5.以f,fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es :thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:1. man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—children, mouse—mice,2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss.3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.mam\woman doctor— men\women doctors boys/girl students二、动词第三人称单数变化规则:(-s)1、一般情况下,动词后直接加s,如:works, gets, reads等。
2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在后面加es,如:goes, teaches, washes,watches等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,y变为i,再加es,如:study--studies, try--tries, carry—carries。
一、名词变复数规则:1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags,book-books等;2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses,watch→watches, box-boxes等;3.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,去掉f,fe 加ves的名词有:half→halves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:a)加s的名词有:photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios,zoo→zoosb)加es的名词有:potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes5.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,如baby→babies, family-families, study-studies等;以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays,store y→storeys(楼层);6. oo变ee的单词:foot-feet, goose-geese,tooth-teeth;7. a变e的单词:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen;8. 复数与原形一致的单词:fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese;9.最特殊的一个:German-Germans.二、第三人称单数时动词变化规则:1、一般现在时主语为第三人称单数时的动词变化①在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,动词要用“s”型(即第三人称单数形式)。
②所谓动词“s”型的构成,可按名词变复数的规则来记,即:1. 在动词尾直接加s。
动词、名词、形容词、副词的各种变化形式★动词一.正常情况下,动词变第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词,直接加-s,-ed,-ed,-ing, 例如:look→looks;look→looked;look→looked;look→looking。
二.以不发音的-e结尾时,直接加-s,-d,-d,或去e加-ing,例如:live→lives;live→lived;live→lived;live→living。
三.结尾为只有一个辅音的重读闭音节词,直接加-s,或双写此辅音,再加-ed,-ed,-ing,例如:stop→stops;stop→stopped;stop→stopped;stop→stopping。
四.1.结尾为辅音+y的结构时,把y变i加-es,-ed,-ed,或直接加-ing,例如:study→studies;study→studied;study→studied;study→studying2.结尾为元音+y的结构是,直接加-s,-ed,-ed,-ing,例如:play→plays;play→played;play→played;play→playing。
五.结尾为-ie,去ie变y+ing,例如:lie→lying;die→dying。
(另:lie,lies,lied,lied,lying说谎lie,lies,lay,lain,lying 躺,平放,位于lay,lays,laid,laid,laying 放置,产卵)六.以r音节结尾的词,直接加-s,双写r加-ed,-ed,-ing,例如:prefer→prefers;prefer→preferred;prefer→preferred;prefer→preferring。
(另:以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,变第三人称单数时,加-es,例如:misses,fixes,teaches,washes,goes。
动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is。
高中英语各种变化规则总结(附高考真题考查示例)名词的复数一、可数名词的复数变化规则1、一般情况加s book--books mouth--mouths house--houses girl--girls time--times(2014辽宁)change--changes(2014 I卷)hour--hours(2014 II卷改错) painting--paintings(2015 I卷) day--days(2016 I卷) year--years(2016 III卷改错)effect--effects(2017 I卷)parent--parents(2015 II卷改错)2、以s, sh, ch, x结尾的加es class--classes box--boxes match--matches注意:stomach的复数形式直接加s3、以y结尾辅音字母+ y结尾的,变y为i加es city--cities country--countries party--parties study--studies(2016 II卷)enemy--enemies(2016江苏)元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s day--days(2016 I卷) boy--boys key--keys toy--toys4、以o结尾少数(4个),加es Negroes heroes potatoes tomatoes其他,加s radios zoos bamboos pianos kilos photos5、以f或fe 结尾多数,变f或fe为ves thief wife wolf leaf knife life half shelf loaf selfThe thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.其他,加s belief--beliefs roof--roofs safe--safes gulf--gulfs二、不规则的复数变化ox--oxen child--children foot--feet tooth--teeth goose--geese mouse--mice louse--liceman--men woman--women Englishman--Englishmen Dutchman--Dutchmen注意:Germans, Americans, Russians英语中的某些外来词,其复数变化很特殊:phenomenon--phenomena现象penny--pennies/pence便士formula--formulae公式bacterium--bacteria细菌medium--media媒体datum--data资料crisis--crises危机basis--bases基础thesis--theses论文三、单复同形deer, sheep, fish(条数), bison(野牛), works(工厂)people(人), series(系列), species(种类)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, means, crossroads, headquarters(总部)spacecraft, aircraftin the 1980s 或1980’s 在二十世纪八十年代形容词变副词1、一般情况,直接加ly quick--quickly actual--actually(2014 I卷) regular--regularly(2015 I卷) official--officially(2016 I卷) serious--seriously(2015 I卷改错) gradual--gradually(2016 III卷) free--freely(2016 III卷改错) recent--recently(2016江苏) slow--slowly(2015 II卷) wonderful--wonderfully(2014 I卷改错) sudden--suddenly(2014 II 卷) helpful---helpfully(2014 II卷改错) soft--softly(2014辽宁)2、以y结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将y改成i,再加-ly;若读音为/ai/,则直接加-ly.happy--happily lucky--luckilyheavy-heavily,angry-angrily,busy-busily,dry-dryly,shy-shyly.steady--steadily(2016 I卷改错)3、以e结尾元音加e结尾,去e加ly true-truly辅音加e结尾,直接加ly polite--politely fortunate--fortunately immediate--immediately4、以l结尾一个l结尾的,直接加ly careful--carefully wonderful--wonderfully两个l结尾的,直接加y5、以le结尾的,去e加y possible--possibly terrible--terribly(2015 II卷改错)gentle--gently simple--simply6、以ic结尾的词,加-ally,如:economic-economically,scientific-scientifically,energetic-energetically.7、特殊的副词变形good--well注意:1、以ly结尾的形容词friendly, lovely, weekly, timely, lively, lonely, likely, deadly, ugly, silly2、fast, early, straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly。
现在分词、名词比较级、最高级、形容词、副词等十一种变化规则一、现在分词变化规则1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)2.去e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)3.重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例:sit+t+ing sitting)4.特殊变化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)(2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)(3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)(4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成.happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)(5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)(6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)more beautiful(比较级) more difficult (比较级)most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)good(原级)—better(比较级)--best(最高级)many(原级)—more(比较级)--most(最高级)bad(原级)—worse(比较级)--worst(最高级)far(原级)--farther(further)(比较级)--farthest(furthest)(最高级)ill(原级)--worse(比较级)--worst(最高级)(1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)(2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
分词,动名词/三单/形容词变副词的变化规则复习一.现在分词,动名词(V-ing)的变化形式1 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing2 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing4 以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-ing二. 规则动词的过去式变化如下:一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加–ed注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
三.单数第三人称的变化形式①在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,动词要用“s”型(即第三人称单数形式)。
②所谓动词“s”型的构成,可按名词变复数的规则来记,即:i)在动词尾直接加s。
如:ii)以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es;如:iii)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es。
如:四.形容词变副词的规则:1.一般情况下直接加“ly”2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,3. 以ue结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。
4. 以le结尾的词去e加y5. 以ll结尾的词只加y6. 以ic结尾的词加ally练习:一.写出下列动词的ing 形式work ---- sleep ----- study ----- take ----- make ----- dance ----- cut --- lie -----die ----- begin ------ put ----- tie -----二.写出下列动词的过去式。
act ---- live--- judge---- fret----drag---- drop ---- plan---- work----do---- cry---- carry---- embody---- empty---- move---- try---- copy----study--- decide----- decline---- drip----hope ---- play---- beg ---- stop----want---- dot---- raise ---- wipe ---- justify----三.写出下列单词的第三人称单数形式play—worry—help—want—work—study—guess—fix—brush—get—know—go—do—catch—carry—teach—fly—watch—四.写出下列形容词的副词形式。
单三形式现在分词过去式主语是第三人称单数形式时,动词的变化1.一般在词尾加-s get、make、cook、need2.以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,在词尾加-es go、do、miss、pass、teach、watch、catch、match、touch、wash、fish、finish、smash、box、relax、mix、fax3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改i再加es fly、fry、try、cry、dry、carry、study、worry、embody体现具体表达、justify证明、empty、4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,直接加s play、stay、buy、pray、pay、say、lay下蛋5.不规则变化have-has、动词的ing形式构成法1.一般在词尾加-ing do、meet、watch、wash、read2.以(不发音的)e结尾的词,去e加-ing close、dance、live、like、love、bore、phone、ride、move、hope、decide、write3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,呈现“辅+元+辅”结构需双写最后一个字母再加-ing 1、一个m、两个d、两个g(swim / nod , rid / dig, beg)2、三个n,四个p、11个t(run,win,begin)(dip,drop,mop,stop)(sit,hit,fit,set,get,let,put,cut,regret,forget,pat)4.以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y再加-ing lie-lying、die-dying动词的过去式的构成法1.一般在词尾加-ed watch、wash、open、play2.以(不发音的)e结尾的词,在词后直接加-d close、dance、live、like、love、bore、phone、ride、move、hope、decide、write3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改i再加ed fly、fry、try、cry、dry、carry、study、worry、embody、justify、empty、4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,呈现“辅+元+辅”结构需双写最后一个字母再加-ed shop、stop、plan、trip、beg、hop、skip、drag、drop、dot、drip、fret、5.不规则变化规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音:1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。
专题08 变化规则之名词单数变复数+动词变第三人称单数+动词的分词+比较级+基数词变序数词+形容词变副词的变化规则目录一名词单数变复数规则二动词变第三人称单数规则三单词结尾双写的规则四现在分词的构成规则五过去分词的构成规则六-ed结尾单词的读音规则七比较级的构成规则八基数词变序数词的规则九形容词变副词的规则一名词单数变复数规则1.一般情况下直接加s;apple--apples2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加es;boss, box, watch, dish,stomach例外加s.truth, mouth, month 加s .3. 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的,y变i加es;baby, city, family, story. toy, boy, day, ray.直接加s4. 以“f或fe” 结尾的, 变f或fe为v,再加es;knife,thief,wife,life,leaf,wolf,half,shelf,self,handkerchief(手帕)(也可直接加s)belief, roof, cliff, proof, chief, gulf 直接加s5. 以o结尾加es的有“两人两菜火山蚊子”;两人:Negro黑人hero 英雄两菜:potato 土豆tomato 西红柿piano, radio, photo, kilo, bamboo, zoo 加s.火山volcano 蚊子mosquito es 和s 都可以吧6. oo变ee的有:foot—feet 脚,英尺tooth--- teeth 牙齿goose--- geese7. man, woman及其合成词,把a变e; two women doctors.8. 单复数同形的有:-ese结尾且表示人的名词,如:Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,means方式,species物种,series系列。
名词变复数名词变复数的规则变化1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags等;2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses,watch→watches等;3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为“i”加“es”,如baby→babies等;以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加“s”变复数,如monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays;4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:a)无生命的加“s”,名词有:photo→photos,piano→pianos,radio→radios,zoo→zoos b)有生命的加“es”,名词有:potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes;5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a)加“s”的名词有:belief→beliefs,roof→roofs,safe→safes,gulf→gulfsb)去掉f,fe加“ves”的名词有:half→halves knife→knives,leaf→leaves,wolf→wolves,wife→wives,life→lives,thief→thieves;名词变复数的不规则变化1)child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,man→men,woman→women (注意:由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
).2)单复同形,如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese.3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
例如:people,police,cattle等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a herd of cattle. 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:A. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
B. news 为不可数名词。
C. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
D.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting storybook.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜),trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)、suit(套)→a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers等。
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思.如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
7)有些表示生物的名词,其复数形式与单数相同。
如:fish→fish,sheep→sheep,deer→deer。
这类名词还有aircraft, means等。
动词第三人称单数变化动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:1. 一般情况下,直接在动词词尾加“s”,如:work→works,take→takes,say→says.2. 以s,sh,ch,x或o结尾的动词,在词尾加“es”,如guess→guesses,wash→washes,teach→teaches,fix→fixes,go→goes/do→does.3. 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加“es”,如:study→studies,try→tries,carry→carries,fly→flies.动词现在分词变化动词现在分词的变化规律如下:1.一般情况下,直接在动词后加“ing”,如work→working,sleep→sleeping,study→studying. 2.动词以不发音的e结尾,要去e加“ing”,如take→taking,make→making,dance→dancing. 3.重读闭音节或r音节结尾(“辅音+元音+辅音”)且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词要双写末尾辅音字母再加“ing”,如swim→swimming,run→running,put→putting,sit→sitting,begin→beginning,plan→planning,cut→cutting,get→getting,stop→stopping.4. 以“ie”结尾的动词,要把ie变成“y”再加“ing”,如lie→lying,tie→tying,die→dying.【注】1)以字母l结尾动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再“ing”,如control→controlling;但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ing.2)名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y 规则”,但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”.动词过去式、过去分词变化动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律分规则和不规则两种,不规则的变化需逐个记忆,规则变化的规律如下:1.一般情况下,在动词词尾直接加“ed”,如work→worked,stay→stayed,shout→shouted. 2.以e结尾动词只在词尾加“d”,如close→closed,like→liked,live→lived,smile→smiled. 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词将y改为“i”再加“ed”,如study→studied,carry→carried. 4.重读闭音节或r音节结尾(即辅音+元音+辅音)且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加“ed”,如stop→stopped,admit→admitted,prefer→preferred. 【注】1)以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加“ed”,如control →controlled;但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel→travel(l)ed.2)词尾加“ed”读音规则是:在清辅音后读作[t],元音和浊辅音后读作[d],在辅音[t]或[d]后读作[id].形容词/副词比较级、最高级变化形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1.一般单音节词和少数以er,ow结尾的双音节词,直接在词尾加“er”构成比较级,最高级则在词尾直接加“est”:a)单音节词,如:small→smaller→smallest,short→shorter→shortest,tall→taller→tallest b)双音节词,如:clever→cleverer→cleverest,narrow→narrower→narrowest.2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单音节词,直接在词尾加“r”构成比较级,最高级则在词尾加“st”,如:large→larger→largest,nice→nicer→nicest,able→abler→ablest.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,把y改为“i”,比较级加“er”,最高级加“est”,如:easy→easier→easiest,heavy→heavier→heaviest,busy→busier→busiest.4.重读闭音节单词中(即辅音+元音+辅音),先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加“er”,最高级加“est”,如:big→bigger→biggest,hot→hotter→hottest,fat→fatter→fattest. 5.多音节词和部分双音节词,比较级在单词前面直接加more,最高级在其前面加most,如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful,different→more different→most different,easily→more easily→most easily,slowly→more slowly→most slowly.6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.如:good/well→better→best,bad/ill→worse→worst,many/much→more→most,little→less→least,old→older/elder→oldest/eldest,far→farther/further→farthest/furthest.【注】1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用.如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. He runs fastest of the three.2)形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.3)可修饰比较级的词,有even,a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far等.4)序数词通常只修饰最高级,如Africa is the second largest continent.5)要避免重复使用比较级.(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is more clever than his brother.(对)He is cleverer than his brother.1. 词汇考点:a)名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的相互转换。
b)转换后词形的变化,比如名词变复数,所有格;动词的三单形式、现在分词、过去分词、过去式;形容词、副词的比较级最高级变化。
●单词的掌握,拼写是根本。
2. 知识点考察:知识点的运用,转换能力。
●知识点的识记是根本。
3. 语法知识:语法的运用,能力贯穿在词汇与知识点中。
4. 阅读部分内容:培养学生的逻辑思维能力,分析推断以及综合理解能力!●词汇,知识点,语法必不可少。