动词和短语动词知识网络
动词的分
类行为动词（实义动词）
①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop;
②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come
③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）
助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）
be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
情态动词
can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.
晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）
注意：
①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间
She gave them away.她送掉了它们。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异
ring back回电话ring off挂断电话ring up打电话
put away放好put on穿，上演put up挂起，举起。
④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异
break out发生，爆炸carry out进行，开展go out熄灭
hand out分发le t out放出look out当心
sell out卖完set out出发,take out取出
work out算出
动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
look after照料，look at看，look for寻找
动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain a nd vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
考点聚焦及解题点拨
(单个动词)同义词近义词辨
析从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及物动词还是不及物动词）
系动词的用法状态系动词be
持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest
表象系动词seem,appear
感官/感觉系动词look,sme ll,taste,sound,feel
变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come
终止系动词p rove,turn out
解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：go hungry,come true,turn writer
接双宾语的动词give sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb
但是我们只能说：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.
短语动词
的辨析
熟记常考的短语动词的意义
容易被我们忽视的知识点sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式
常用动词短语
考点1.break相关短语
break down （机器、车辆）停止运转；（健康、精神）崩溃；（系统、讨论等）出问题；分解
break away 打破陈规，放弃习惯；奋力挣脱break out （战争、疫情、火灾等）爆发
break in/into 破门而入
break up 打碎、分裂；分手
1.He had to pause from time to time to wipe the
sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system ______.
A. broke in
B. broke up
C. broke out
D. broke down
2.Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless
works ______ in disasters.
A. turn down
B. turn out
C. break down
D. break out
4.—I’ m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul
have ______.
—So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A. broken up
B. finished up
C. divided up
D. closed up
5.The computer system ______ suddenly while
he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in
6.I was still sleeping when the fire ______, and
then it spread quickly.
A. broke out
B. put out
C. came out
D. got out
