二专考试(商学院2014年3月)

工商管理类专业技能测试样卷注：样卷（样题）只供考生作参考，不具有任何内容导向。

请考生遵循考生大纲进行备考。

考生形式为机试，请考生同时关注后续官方发布的练习网址。

一、单项选择题（第1题～30题。

选择一个正确的答案，将对应的字母填入题内的括号中。

每题4分，满分120分）1.职业生涯规划的前提是（）。

A、确定职业发展的目标B、认识自我C、努力学习和工作D、挖掘个人的潜能2.以下不利于树立正确的就业观的是（）。

A、关注市场需求和行业发展趋势，了解就业形势B、把工资待遇放在第一位，不考虑自己的职业发展前景和个人成长C、重视个人兴趣和职业发展方向，不断调整自己的职业目标D、积极参与社会实践和志愿者活动，增加工作经验和人脉资源3.下列关于根据职业选择进行专业知识学习的描述，不正确的是（）。

A、职业选择是学习专业知识的前提和基础B、学习专业知识是实现职业发展的必要条件C、只有具备了足够的专业知识，才能在职场中获得成功D、学习专业知识不需要考虑市场需求和职业发展趋势4.以下不属于职业观基本要素的是（）。

A、赚更多的钱B、维持生活C、发展个性D、承担社会义务5.日常生活中所见到的广告属于4P策略中的（）。

A、产品策略B、渠道策略C、促销策略D、价格策略6.在SWOT分析法中,“T”代表的是（）。

A、优势B、劣势C、机会D、威胁7.以下关于消费者满意度的描述，不正确的是（）。

A、满意度是一种影响态度的情感反应B、满意度是一种对产品或服务性能的评价C、当消费者没有达到最初期望时，满意度会降低D、满意度即为忠诚度8.在下列消费需求中，属于最基础层次需求的是（）。

A、生理需求B、安全需求C、归属需求D、自尊需求9.以下不属于促销活动作用的是（）。

A、提升店铺人气B、为新品销售做预热C、维护老顾客D、降低获客成本10.为了解江西省老年人的身体健康状况，以下适合作为抽样调查样本的是（）。

A、100位女性老人B、庐山脚下100位老人C、在该省范围内城市和乡镇选10个点，每个点任选10位老人D、在全国范围内随机选100位老人11.“酒香不怕巷子深”这句话体现的营销观念是（）。

对外经济贸易大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：434国际商务专业基础—、名词解释（每题3分，共5题，共15分）1、多国企业理论同国际直接投资和国际生产有关的理论或者框架，按照产生的时间顺序，主要有垄断优势理论、内部化理论、国际生产折衷范式、和资源观—能力观—知识观的理论四大类。

习惯上，我们把从事国际直接投资的实体称为跨国公司，而当涉及跨国公司的理论时，则称多国企业理论。

这些理论都是侧重回答问题的某一方面。

2、跨文化风险由于文化环境的不同产生，指在异质文化的共处中由文化误解导致人们价值观产生冲突进而使得跨国公司实际收益与预期收益发生偏离的可能性。

应对跨文化风险的措施主要有：①了解另一种文化，尽量使用该国语言；②避免文化歧视，培养全球中心思想；③决策过程中充分考虑文化距离3、技术性贸易壁垒是指一国以维护国家安全、保障人类健康和安全、保护动植物健康和安全、保护环境、防止欺诈行为、保证产品质量等为由制定的一些强制性和非强制性的技术法规、标准及检验商品的合格性评定程序所形成的贸易障碍。

简言之，TBT是通过技术标准实现对贸易的限制。

TBT正在成为发达国家限制市场准入的重要手段。

4、跨国战略全球战略选择之一，企业选取跨国战略是试图取得低成本优势、产品差异化优势和转移核心能力。

通过区位经济、规模经济和学习效应获得低成本；通过为不同市场提供差异化产品来应对当地差异；在公司的全球营运网中，通过子公司之间创新流动来实现核心能力的转移。

5、收妥结汇信用证项下的制单结汇方式，是指信用证议付行收到出口企业的出口单据后，经审核无误，将单据寄交国外付款行索取货款的结汇做法。

这种方式下，议付行都是待收到货款后，即从国外付款行收到该行账户的贷记通知书时，才按当日的外汇牌价，按照出口企业的指示，将货款折成本币拨入出口商的账户。

二、不定项选择（每题2分，共10题，共20分）1、属于普通法系的地区包括（）A 新加坡B 苏格兰C日本D印度【答案】AD【解析】普通法系分布范围主要包括英国（苏格兰之外）、美国（路易斯安那州除外）、加拿大（魁北克除外）、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、巴基斯坦、新加坡、南非等国和中国香港地区。

茂名市第二职业技术学校2022—2023学年第一学期期末考试市场营销科一.判断题（正确选A,错误选B，每题2分，共20分，）1.市场营销就是推销和广告。

[单选题] *AB(正确答案)2.只要企业制定好营销组合策略，做好内部营销，企业的营销活动就一定能够取得很好的营销效益。

[单选题]AB(正确答案)3.产品生命周期不同阶段的市场特点与新产品的市场扩散过程密切相关。

[单选题] A(正确答案)B4.消费者通常会买那些与隔离群体有关的产品。

[单选题]AB(正确答案)5.中间商倾向于跟供应商签订短期合同。

[单选题]AB(正确答案)6.产品差异化营销以市场需求为导向。

[单选题]A(正确答案)B7.世界各国的经济技术环境不同，导致不同的市场需求，从而对产品和服务的数量.质量.价格提出不同的要求。

[单选题]A(正确答案)B8.消费者的购买决策过程早已在实际购买发生之前就开始了。

[单选题]A(正确答案)B9.各方利益关系的协调本质上仍然是以顾客满意为核心的。

[单选题]A(正确答案)B10.企业应攻击“坏”竞争者，支持“好”竞争者。

[单选题]A(正确答案)B二.选择题（每题2分，共70分）1.调查方法按照调查方式分，不包括（） [单选题] *A.记录法(正确答案)B.观察法C.A询问法D.邮寄法2.下列不属于营销大环境的是（） [单选题] *A竞争者(正确答案)B社会文化环境C 经济环境D 人口环境3.人员推销活动的主体是（）。

[单选题] *A．推销人员(正确答案)B．推销品C．推销市场D．推销条件4.市场营销组合中的4P指（） [单选题] *A.样品B.价格(正确答案)C.发展D.市营5.消费品按消费者购买习惯不包含（） [单选题] *A.日用品B.夜用品(正确答案)C.选购品D.特殊品6.企业最显著.最独特的首要核心职能是（）。

[单选题] *A.市场营销(正确答案)B.生产功能C.财务功能D.推销功能7.从企业价值链及其构成看，下游环节的中心是（）。

四川省2024年高三上学期中职对口升学财经商贸类模拟试卷一、单项选择题（每题2分，共40分）1.下列会计要素中，反映企业经营成果的是（）A.资产B.负债C.所有者权益D.利润2.企业在进行会计核算时，应当遵循（）的基本要求。

A.相关性原则B.重要性原则C.谨慎性原则D.以上都是3.下列账户中，属于资产类账户的是（）A.应付账款B.预收账款C.应收账款D.实收资本4.会计凭证按照填制程序和用途不同，可以分为（）A.原始凭证和记账凭证B.外来凭证和自制凭证C.一次凭证和累计凭证D.通用凭证和专用凭证5.在借贷记账法下，账户的哪一方记增加，哪一方记减少，取决于（）A.账户的格式B.账户的结构C.账户的性质D.账户的名称6.某企业“应收账款”账户期初借方余额为8000元，本期借方发生额为10000元，本期贷方发生额为6000元，则期末余额为（）A.借方12000元B.借方10000元C.贷方12000元D.贷方10000元7.下列经济业务中，会引起资产和负债同时增加的是（）A.以银行存款购买原材料B.向银行借款存入银行C.以银行存款偿还前欠货款D.接受投资者投入的固定资产8.企业期末结账后，（）账户一般无余额。

A.生产成本B.主营业务收入C.应付账款D.累计折旧9.按照规定，企业应当编制（）财务报表。

A.月度、季度、半年度和年度B.月度、季度和年度C.季度、半年度和年度D.半年度和年度10.下列各项中，不属于流动资产的是（）A.库存现金B.应收账款C.固定资产D.存货11.在物价持续上涨的情况下，采用（）计价方法会使期末存货价值最大。

A.先进先出法B.后进先出法C.加权平均法D.个别计价法12.某企业原材料采用计划成本核算，计划成本为100元/千克，实际成本为105元/千克，购入100千克。

则材料成本差异为（）A.借差500元B.贷差500元C.借差5元D.贷差5元13.企业销售商品一批，售价为10000元，增值税税率为13%，款项已存入银行。

信业商厦考试试题题库信业商厦考试试题题库涵盖了商业管理、市场营销、客户服务、商业伦理、财务管理等多个方面，旨在帮助员工提高专业技能和业务素养。

以下是部分试题示例：一、单选题1. 商业管理中，以下哪项不是有效的团队激励方法？A. 公开表扬B. 个人奖励C. 团队建设活动D. 强制加班2. 在市场营销策略中，4P理论指的是以下哪四个方面？A. 产品、价格、地点、促销B. 产品、价格、促销、人员C. 产品、价格、人员、地点D. 产品、地点、促销、人员3. 以下哪项不是商业伦理的基本原则？A. 诚实守信B. 公平竞争C. 追求利润最大化D. 尊重他人权利二、多选题1. 以下哪些因素是影响消费者购买决策的？A. 产品价格B. 产品质量C. 个人偏好D. 社会影响2. 商业谈判中，以下哪些技巧有助于达成协议？A. 明确目标B. 倾听对方需求C. 适时让步D. 坚持己见三、判断题1. 良好的客户服务可以提高顾客满意度和忠诚度。

（）2. 所有商业决策都应该以追求最大利润为唯一目标。

（）3. 商业活动中，保护环境和社会责任是次要的。

（）四、简答题1. 简述商业管理中团队沟通的重要性及其作用。

2. 描述市场营销中的STP策略（市场细分、目标市场、市场定位）。

五、案例分析题案例：信业商厦近期推出了一项新的客户忠诚度计划，旨在提高顾客的回头率和消费频次。

请分析该计划可能面临的挑战，并提出你的改进建议。

结束语：通过这些试题的练习，信业商厦的员工可以更好地理解商业运作的各个方面，提升个人能力，为公司的发展做出更大的贡献。

希望每位员工都能在考试中取得优异的成绩，不断进步，共同推动信业商厦的繁荣发展。

河南省2023年普通高等学校对口招收中等职业学校毕业生考试国际商务类专业课一、选择题：商务英语函电1-20题；进出口贸易实务21-40题。

每小题2分，共80分。

每小题中只有一个选项是正确的，请将正确选项涂在答题卡上。

1. 交货A.draftB.dockC.delayD.delivery2. 订单A.formB.orderC.termD.offer3. 实盘A.bidB.firm offersC.inquiryD.quotation4. 购货合同A.purchase contractB.sales contractC.price termsD.terms and conditions5. 延期付款A.pay by installmentsB.payment at sightC.deferred paymentD.payment against documents6. 装运港A.shipping spaceB.port of loadingC.shipping marksD.port of destination7. 短装A.short-paidB.short-weightC.short-invoicedD.short-shipped8. 折扣A.discountB.debitC.dispatchmission9. 质量A.quantityB.qualityC.inquiryD.quiz10. 一式三份A.three detailsB.three copyC.in triplicateD.in three parts11. 保兑信用证A.clean L/CB.revolving L/CC.confirmed L/CD.irrevocable L/C12. 受盘人A.offerB.officialC.offererD.offeree13. 装船通知A.shipping adviceB.shipping termsC.shipping marksD.shipping space14. 汇付A.cashB.remittanceC.collectionD.the letter of credit15. 提货单A.D/AB.S/CC.B/LD.T/T16. 检验费A.check cashB.check chequeC.survey cashD.survey charge17. 保险人A.insureB.insurerC.insuranceD.the insured18. 共同海损A.total lossB.partial lossC.general averageD.particular average19. 运输标记A.shipping marksB.packing listC.shipping documentsD.shipping instructions20. 促进业务关系A.widen business relationshipB.establish business relationshipC.interrupt business relationshipD.promote business relationship21. 适用于马口铁、钢板等固定规格的商品，可以从商品件数推算商品总重量的计重方法是A. 公量B. 净重C. 毛重D. 理论重量22. 贸易术语中“1000 MT AT USD 258 CIF NEW YORK”所使用的重量单位是A. 吨B. 短吨C. 公吨D. 长吨23.FOB 贸易术语下，买方如果委托卖方代为租船、订舱，租船订舱费用由买方负担。

SYB一、判断题：（每小题2分共计14分）1、创业是一个发现和捕捉机会并由此创造出新颖的产品或服务进而实现其潜在价值的过程。

（√）2、创业项目可以不根据创业者本人的技能资金和对市场的调研结果来选择而是请个能人替自己选个好项目。

（×）3、现代连锁加盟店不仅沿用总部的店名，商标和商品，还沿袭总部的全套经营制度但不得自行其是。

（√）4、企业融资只有两种方法；一是债务融资，二是权益融资。

在实施融资活动时只能用其中一种方法。

（×）5、企业可以按销售净额或业务收入总额。

按国家规定和比例在费用中据实例支招待费。

（√）6、“会计”是以货币计量为基本形式，运用专门方法为政业单位的经济活动进行核算和监督的一种管理活动。

（√）7、“物流”是通过有效地安排商品仓储、转移；使商品在需要的时间内到达需要的地点的经营管理活动。

（√）二、选择题：（每小题2分共计12分）1、股份有限公司与有限责任公司相比，它们的区别是：（c）A、公司财务公开；B、公司所有权与经营权分离；C、股份以股票形式发行，可以自由转让；D、建立董事会；2、具有下列情况之一者，允许变更和解除经济合同：（ΑΒc）A、双方当事人协商同意；B、由于发生不可抗力；C、一方当事人严重违约；D、合同本身不合法；3、产品的包装的作用是：（ΑΒc）A、保护产品；B、促进销售；C、提高产品质量；D、增加利润；4、微利企业在为产品定价时，要考虑：（c）A、产品的数量；B、产品的品种；C、产品的成本；D、产品的质量；5、开办一家杂货店要考虑：（ΑΒc D）A、是否雷同；B、产品质量；C、产品价格；D、营销方式；E、房租；6、开店选址对创业者来说十分重要，它包括：（ΑΒc D）A、房屋的区位；B、房屋的产权属性；C、房屋的建筑质量；D、社区物业发展规划；三、问答题（12分）1、什么是创业培训? （7分）答: 创业培训是向有志创办企业的创业者提供创办企业与管理企业的系统知识与技能培训。

2014 Text 3（英语⼆）⼈与机器The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.⼈与机器的概念⾄少与⼯业⾰命⼀样古⽼，但在经济低迷和脆弱的复苏期间，这种现象往往最为明显。

然⽽，如果认为我们现在只是在经历繁荣和萧条周期的痛苦⼀⾯，那将是错误的。

某些⼯作已经永远消失了，被机器淘汰了。

由于技术对吞噬⼈类⼯作如此贪得⽆厌，这种现象将继续以我们⽆法⽴即预⻅的⽅式重组我们的经济。

When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.当技术的价格和性能迅速提⾼时，曾经被认为不受⾃动化影响的⼯作突然受到威胁。

2014年全国国际商务单证专业考试国际商务单证缮制与操作试题（考试时间：6月21日下午16∶00——18∶00）一、根据下述合同内容审核信用证，指出不符之处，并提出修改意见。

（36分）SHANGHAI ANDYS TRADING CO., LTD.SALES CONTRACTTHE SELLER: SHANGHAI ANDYS TRADING CO., LTD. NO. AD13007NO. 126 Wenhua Road, Shanghai,China DATE: MAR. 16, 2013 SIGNED AT: SHANGHAI, CHINA THE BUYER: HAZZE AB HOLDINGBOX 1237, S-111 21 HUDDINGE, SWEDENThis contract is made by and between the Seller and Buyer, whereby the Seller agree to sell and the Buyer agree to buy the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:Commodity & specification Quan. Unit price Amount Gas DetectorsART NO.BX616 ART NO.BX319 50pcs50pcsFOB SHANGHAIUSD380.00/pcUSD170.00/pcUSD19,000.00USD 8500.00Total 100pcs USD27,500.00 Total Amount: SAY U.S. DOLLARS TWENTY SEVEN THOUSAND AND FIVE HUNDRED ONLY PACKING: In Carton. SHIPPING MARKS:TIME OF SHIPMENT:During July,2013. HAZZEPLACE OF LOADING AND DESTINATION: AD2013007From Shanghai, China to Stockholm, Sweden STOCKHOLM, SWEDENPartial shipment and transshipment are allowed. NOS.1- UPINSURANCE: To be effected by the Buyer.TERMS OF PAYMENT: By irrevocable L/C at sight which should be issued before May 31,2013, valid fornegotiation in China for further 15 days after time of shipment.INSPECTION: In the factory.This contract is made in two original copies and become valid after signature, one copy to be held by each party.Signed by:THE SELLER THE BUYERSHANGHAI ANDYS TRADING CO., LTD. HAZZE AB HOLDINGHazze信用证：MT 700 ISSUE OF A DOCUMENTARY CREDITSENDER SWEDBANKRECEIVER BANK OF CHINA, SHANGHAI, CHINASEQUENCE OF TOTAL 27： 1 / 1FORM OF DOC.CREDIT 40A：IRREVOCABLEDOC. CREDIT NUMBER 20：BCN1008675DATE OF ISSUE 31C：130612APPLICABLE RULES 40E：UCP LATEST VERSIONDATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY. 31D：DATE 130630 PLACE IN SWEDENAPPLICANT 50：HAZZE ABC HOLDINGBOX 1237, S-111 21 HUDDINGE, SWEDENBENEFICIARY 59：SHANGHAI ANDY TRADING CO., LTD.NO. 126 WENHUAROAD,SHANGHAI, CHINA.AMOUNT 32B：CURRENCY EUR AMOUNT 27,000.00A V AILABLE WITH/BY 41D：ANY BANK IN CHINA,BY NEGOTIATIONDRAFTS AT ... 42C：30 DAYS AFTER SIGHTDRAWEE 42A：HAZZE AB HOLDINGPARTIAL SHIPMTS 44P：NOT ALLOWEDTRANSSHIPMENT 44T：NOT ALLOWEDPORT OF LOADING 44E：TIANJIN, CHINAPORT OF DISCHARGE 44F：STOCKHOLM, SWEDENLATEST SHIPMENT 44C：130615DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 45A：1000 PCS OF GAS DETECTORS AS PER S/C NO.AD13007CIF STOCKHOLMPACKED IN CARTONSDOCUMENTS REQUIRED 46A：+ COMMERCIAL INVOICE SIGNED MANUALLY INTRIPLICATE.+ PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE.+ CERTIFICATE OF CHINESE ORIGIN CERTIFIED BYCHAMBER OF COMMERCE.+ INSURANCE POLICY/CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATEENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 110% INVOICE V ALUE,COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK OF CIC OF PICC(1/1/1981).+ FULL SET OF CLEAN ‘ON BOARD’ OCEAN BILLS OFLADING MADE OUT TO ORDER MARKED FREIGHTPREPAID AND NOTIFY APPLICANT.ADDITIONAL CONDITION 47A：+ ALL PRESENTATIONS CONTAINING DISCREPANCIESWILL ATTRACT A DISCREPANCY FEE OF USD50.00. THISCHARGE WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM THE BILL AMOUNTWHETHER OR NOT WE ELECT TO CONSULT THEAPPLICANT FOR A WAIVER.CHARGES 71B：ALL CHARGES AND COMMISSIONS ARE FOR ACCOUNT OFBENEFICIARY.CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTION 49：WITHOUT二、根据下面相关资料指出下列进口单据中错误的地方，并改正。

2024年同等学力人员申请硕士学位工商管理学科综合水平全国统一考试一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分。

请从A、B、C、D中选择一个正确的答案）1、提出管理14条原则的是（）A.泰罗B.巴纳德C.法约尔D.马斯洛2、组织层次产生的原因（）A.管理幅度B.部门化C.沟通D.专业化分工3、房地产开发企业的社会文化环境不包括（）A.消费收入水平B.人口规模C.消费者宗教信仰D.当地风俗习惯4、制造业与全国性物流企业签约，后期物流企业负责对外物流服务，属于（）A.外包战略B.整合战略C.多元化战略D.竞争战略5、低机会和低威胁业务被称为（）。

A.理想业务B.冒险业务C.成熟业务D.困难业务6、包装一定数量的牙膏进行纸盒包装，属于（）。

A.首要包装B.次要包装C.差异包装D.装运包装7、与某企业争夺同一顾客群的其他企业是（）A.愿望竞争者B.一般竞争者C.产品形式竞争者D.品牌竞争者8、下列选项中，属于非系统风险的是（）A.经济衰退B.税法变化C.货币正常变化D.公司投资失败9、某企业2023年年初存货余额550万,年末存货余额650万，2023年度销售收入3600万，其中赊销收入占比80%，销售毛利率40%。

该2023年存货周转次数（）A.2.4B.3.6C.4.8D.6.010、下列选项中，属于终结现金流量的是（）A.固定资产投资B.残值收入C.营业活动中付现成本D.支付的所得税二、多项选择题（每题2分，共8分。

请从A、B、C、D、E中选择所有你认为正确的答案）1、组织维持生存和发展必须实现的平衡为（）。

A.组织内部个人与整体之间的平衡B.组织内部个人与个人之间的平衡C.组织与环境之间的平衡D.组织的动态平衡E.社会社会系统与技术系统的平衡2、差异化战略取得成功的最佳时机包括（）。

A.价格竞争非常激烈B.技术变革与产品创新很快C.产品转换成本低D.购买者需求较大差异E.有多种方法实现产品差异化3、根据竞争者对相关企业营销竞争举措的不同反应可分为（）。

2014年管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though theirpercentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most peopl e. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries Text 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average ef fect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the mostpositively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the fi ndings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sen se that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. Thecommunities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new afforda ble housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exact ly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)1.【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

过过掌MBA 2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）真题Part ADirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign 20 childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied[B] concluded[C] doubled[D] ensured2. [A] protective[B] dangerous[C] sufficient[D] troublesome3. [A] Instead[B] However[C] Likewise[D] Therefore4. [A] indicator[B] objective[C] origin[D] example5. [A] impact[B] relevance[C] assistance[D] concern6. [A] in terms of[B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in respects of7. [A] measures[B] determines[C] equals[D] modifies8. [A] in essence[B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated[B] conservative[C] variable[D] straightforward10. [A] so[B] while[C] since[D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance[D] taste12. [A] start[B] quality [C] retire[D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal[D] constant14. [A] option[B] reason [C] opportunity[D] tendency15. [A] employed[B] pictured[C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] compared[B] combined[C] settled[D] associated17. [A] Even[B] Still [C] Yet[D] Only18. [A] despised[B] corrected[C] ignored[D] grounded19. [A] discussions[B] businesses[C] policies[D] studies20. [A] for[B] against [C] with[D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time — as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house[B] A special tour[C] A stylish car[D] A rich meal22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ___________.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] sympathetic[D] ambiguous23. Mc Rib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that___________.[A] consumers are sometimes irrational[B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are often effective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money___________.[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US.[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to___________.[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We becomedefensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation.” If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image— which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,” says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level, they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves.”26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ___________.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s ___________.[A] rapid matching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defense28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to ___________.[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29. The word “viscerally” (Para. 5) is closest in meaning to __________.[A] instinctively[B] occasionally[C] particularly[D] aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer’s paradise because people can __________.[A] present their dishonest profiles[B] define their traditional lifestyles[C] share their intellectual pursuits[D] withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and An drew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That’s not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would .[A] ease the competition of man vs. machine[B] highlight machines’ threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that .[A] technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often .[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed .[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B] Machines Will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy, the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which wouldhave a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government’s commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.36. The author believes that the housing sector __________.[A] has attracted much attention[B] has lost its real value in economy[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] involves certain political factors37. It can be learned that affordable housing has __________.[A] suffered government biases[B] increased its home supply[C] offered spending opportunities[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may __________.[A] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[B] release a lifted GDP growth forecast[C] allow greater government debt for housing[D] stop local authorities from building homes39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would __________.[A] lower the costs of registered providers[B] relieve the ministers of responsibilities[C] contribute to funding new developments[D] lessen the impact of government interference40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may __________.[A] implement more policies to support housing[B] stop generous funding to the housing sector[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme[D] review the need for large-scale public grantsPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to itscorresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British land art, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him an email to1) tells him about your living habit, and2) ask for advice for living thereDo not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 Points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.20年间中国城镇人口、乡村人口变化图（单位：百万）过过掌MBA 2014年考研英语(二)真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5 BACAD6-10 ACCDB11-15 ABCDB16-20 DADCBSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart A (40 points)21-25 BADBC26-30 ACBAD31-35 BADDC36-40 DACCBPart B (10 points)41-45 DEGCASection III Translation46. 大多数人都会把乐观定义为永远快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。

机密*启用前四川省2014年普通高校职教师资和高职班对口招生统一考试财经商贸类专业综合本试题卷分第I卷(选择题）和第II卷（非选择题），第I卷第1〜4页，第II卷第5〜10 页，共10页。

考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

满分 350分。

考试时间150分钟。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题共150分）注意事项：1.必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑。

2.第I卷共50题，每题3分，共150分。

一、单项选择题（每题3分，共66分。

每题所给的四个选项中，只有一个正确答案，请在答题卡上将该项涂黑）1. “对过程的控制和观念的总结”是马克思对会计基本职能的高度概括，其中“过程的控制”主要指会计基本职能中的（）。

A.监督职能B.预测职能C.核算职能D.分析职能2. 下列经济业务中，不会导致资产内部同时增减变动的是（）。

A.从银行提取现金B.接受投资者货币资金投资C.用银行存款购买材料(不考虑增值税）D.车间生产产品领用材料3. 根据借贷记账法的账户结构，下列各项中，期末一般无余额的是（）。

A.收入类账户B.资产类账户C.所有者权益类账户D.负债类账户4. 下列各项中，不属于普通发票基本联次的是（）。

A.存根联B.发票联C.记账联D.抵扣联5. 关于账簿的启用，下列说法错误的是（）。

A.启用账簿时，应在账簿封面上写明账簿名称和单位名称B. 启用账簿时，应在账簿扉页上附上“账簿使用登记表”C.记账人员或会计机构负责人等更换或调动工作时，应做好相应的交接手续，完成账簿使用登记表中交接记录的填制D.订本式账簿与活页式账簿的启用相同，都必须在启用时按顺序从第一页到最后一页编写页数，不得跳页、缺号6.下列各账户中，用来核算企业收到投资者出资额超过其享有的注册资本（或股本）的部分的是（）。

A.实收资本B.股本C.资本公积D.利润分配7. 下列各项中，在批准转销时，一般应计入“营业外支出”的是（）。

XXX 外国语职业学院20XX-20XX 学年第二学期 XX 级 高职高专英语综合教程（2）试卷ADirections: Choose the correct explanations for the words on the right.1. opportunity A. world-wide2. chief B. admit; express thanks to3. create C. a purpose, goal, aim4. globle D. make; produce5. debate E. a good chance6. acknowledge F. working together to the same end7. cooperation G . most important8. document H. get by effort9. achieve I. a legal or official paper 10. objective J. a discussion involving opposite viewpointsDirections: Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the words given inparentheses.11. He gives very little money to his wife out of . (selfish)12. In most Middle East countries, politics has close (associate) with religion. 13. A (brutality) person is one who is cruel or savage.14. The travelers (undergo) many difficulties on their trip to the Middle East. 15. They had not dared to (opposition) what the people so plainly desired.Directions: Translate the Chinese into English.16. 虽然下着大雨，他们肯定会来参加这次会议。

广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料国际商务英语试题（二）参考答案课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1.寄售2.不可抗力3.联合国大会4.经济全球化5.价值链6.可保利益7.购买力平价8.技术转让9.私营经济10.面值Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%）11.national treatment12.tax holiday13.inventory14.customer mobility15.direct quote16.par valuemission18.shipper/ consignor19.open account positionsⅢ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%）21.c 22. a 23.e 24. b 25.i26.d 27.g 28. f 29. j 30.hⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English（10%）31. The bank that adds its confirmation to the credit is called confirming bank whichis undertaking either by the advising bank or another prime bank.32. Draft, which, also referred to as the bill of exchange, is an unconditional order to abank or a customer to pay sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.33. Generally called “the invoice”for short, this document is the general descriptionof the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.34. Loans with good repayment prospects are called hard loans35. Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, wherebyresidents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.Ⅴ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. The Special Drawing Right is sometimes called paper gold and used to settleofficial transactions at the IMF.37. The Bill of Lading is one of the most important documents and has three majorfunctions: 1) It serves as a cargo receipt signed by the carrier and issued to the shipper or consignor; 2) It constitutes a contract of carriage between the carrier and the consignor; 3) It is a document of title to the goods, and the legal holder of the bill of lading is the owner of the goods it covers.38. JIT is Abbr. for “Just in Time”, and (in manufacturing) ref ers to making orordering only just enough parts or materials for the factory’s immediate needs, so avoiding the expense of keeping stocks (inventories).39. Greenfield strategy refers to building new enterprises. The firm builds newfacilities on land bought or leased in a foreign country before starting its new operation.Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（15%）40. 保险授权书是让经纪人进行投保的指令，它可以直接通过口头传达或通过电话传达，也可以通过书信或电传以书面形式传达。