(完整word版)英语三大从句(word文档良心出品)
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英语三大从句主语从句用作主语,如::. 地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:?表语从句用作表语,如:. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(从句用于解释说明)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:. 回答问题的学生是.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:, I . 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语), . 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。
(引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:+状语从句,+主句)。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。
如:I a . 其中,I 是主语,是谓语,a 是表语。
. 其中,是主语,是谓语,是宾语,是状语。
名词性从句名词性从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
例如:宾语从句:I ’t .主语从句: .表语从句: .同位语从句: .下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:1.和都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时和可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用(不用)引导:(1)引导主语从句,且在句首时。
例: .(但).(2)引导表语从句时。
例 a .(3)引导同位语从句时。
例:I .(4)介词后的从句。
例:I I .2.位于句首引导主语从句的不可忘。
例如: .3.在“ …+从句”结构中,从句谓语有时用()这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如:() .a () ´s .(缺点).4.在“ … …”句式中不要误为.例如:´t .5.名词从句中用法比较:引导名词从句的是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而是连接代词,=(s) .例如:´s.I .I ...I (=).他和以前大不相同了。
英语三大从句在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目得、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
定语从句一、关系代词引导得定语从句关系代词代替前面得先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见得关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们得主格、宾格与所有格如下表所示:(一)关系代词who, whom与 whose得用法who代替人,就是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
An architect is a person who designs buildings、建筑师就是设计房屋得人。
whom代替人,就是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到得那位先生您认识吗?whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,就是所有格,在定语从句作定语。
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad、其父就是一位高级工程师得那个女学生过去在国外留学。
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能瞧到窗户得那个宾馆叫什么名字,您知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。
whose window=the window of which,意思就是:the window of the hotel。
)(二)关系代词which得用法which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
I do not like stories which have unhappy endings、我不喜欢有不幸结局得小说。
英语三大从句类型总结总结是在某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价,从而得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,他能够提升我们的书面表达能力,因此十分有必须要写一份总结哦。
总结怎么写才能发挥它的作用呢?下面是小编为大家整理的英语三大从句类型总结,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
英语三大从句类型总结PART1:英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.PART2:经典名词性从句主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
复合句【语法要点】复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。
从句只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立。
根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。
(一)名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
其关联词有连接词that、if、whether;疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。
1.名词性从句句法结构:2.名词性从句的其它用法:1)if不能引导表语从句。
连接代词who、what、whose、which不能引导同位语从句。
2)有时as、as if/though、because也可以引导表语从句,能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be、seem、look等。
例如:Things are not always as they seem to be.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。
It looks as if it were going to rain. It is because you eat too much.3)介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。
例如:We can learn what we did not know. He will talk to us about what he saw in the .4)连词that引导的名词性从句除能用在except、but、in后之外很少作介词的宾语,。
其它一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。
例如:He is a good student except that he is careless.You may depend on it that they will support you.5)若主句谓语动词是及物动词make、find、think、see、hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
初中英语必会三大从句讲解1. 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)名词性从句用来在主句中充当名词的作用,有以下三种类型:a. 主语从句(Subject Clauses):主语从句用来作为主句中的主语,通常以连接词从属连词"that"引导,也可以用连接代词"what"、"whatever"、"whoever"、"which"等引导。
例如:-What you said at the meeting is very important.(你在会议上说的话很重要。
)b. 宾语从句(Object Clauses):宾语从句用来作为主句中的宾语,通常以连接词从属连词"that"引导,也可以用连接代词"what"、"whatever"、"whoever"、"which"等引导。
例如:-I believe that he will succeed.(我相信他会成功。
)-She doesn't know what she should do.(她不知道她应该做什么。
)c. 表语从句(Predicate Clauses):表语从句用来作为主句中的表语,通常以连接词从属连词"that"引导,也可以用连接代词"what"、"whatever"、"whoever"、"which"等引导。
例如:-Her dream is that she can travel around the world.(她的梦想是能够周游世界。
)2. 定语从句(Adjective Clauses)定语从句用来修饰或限制名词或代词,通常以关系代词"who"、"whom"、"which"、"whose"、"that"等引导。
英语中必考知识点---------三大从句英语中三大从句在英语中,三大从句分别是名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)。
下面我将分别为这三种从句提供定义,并各举10个例句。
(一)名词性从句1. **主语从句**:- That he finished the project on time surprised everyone.- 他按时完成了项目,这让每个人都感到惊讶。
2. **宾语从句**:- She believes that honesty is the best policy.- 她相信诚实是最好的策略。
3. **表语从句**:- The fact is that we are running out of time.- 事实是我们快没时间了。
4. **同位语从句**:- We heard the news that our team had won the championship.- 我们听到了我们团队赢得冠军的消息。
5. **主语从句**:- Whether he will come to the meeting is uncertain.- 他是否会来开会还不确定。
6. **宾语从句**:- I don't know who broke the window.- 我不知道谁打破了窗户。
7. **表语从句**:- My idea is that we should start earlier.- 我的想法是我们应该早点开始。
8. **同位语从句**:- The suggestion that we take a break was accepted by everyone.- 我们休息一下的建议得到了大家的认可。
9. **主语从句**:- What you need is more practice.- 你需要的是更多的练习。
10. **宾语从句**:- They haven't decided when to hold the party.- 他们还没决定什么时候举行聚会。
英语三大从句三大从句包括名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句 (Noun Clause):英文:A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as a noun within a sentence. It can act as the subject, object, or complement of the main clause.中文:名词性从句是一种在句子中起名词作用的从属从句。
它可以充当主句的主语、宾语或补语。
形容词性从句 (Adjective Clause):英文:An adjective clause is a dependent clause that describes or gives more information about a noun in the main clause. It usually begins with a relative pronoun (such as who, which, that) or a relative adverb (such as when, where, why).中文:形容词性从句是一个描述或提供更多信息关于主句中名词的从属从句。
它通常以关系代词(如who, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)开头。
副词性从句 (Adverbial Clause):英文:An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb in the sentence. It provides information about the time, place, manner, reason, orcondition of the action in the main clause.中文:副词性从句是一个在句子中起副词作用的从属从句。
中考英语三大从句知识点总结精品|初中三大从句总结:定语从句精讲,必须收藏!定义在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
(简单来讲,就是用一个句子充当了另一个句子的宾语)如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.“that the teacher had seen the film”做knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
分类1.动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法。
2.介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
3.形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
I am afraid that I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。
语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:1)连接词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语。
常见的连接词有:who,what,which等。
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?2)连接词+名词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语的定语。
常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法。
三大从句讲解一、宾语从句——完满句子做宾语You told me where you live.二、定语从句——完满句子做定语,修饰前面的名词I know the lady who is in pink.She gave me the book which is in English.三、状语从句——完满句子做状语,修饰动词或一整个句子I want be a doctor when I grow up.练习 1——判断以下从句种类1.You know how I feel.2.Can you tell me where my uncle is?3.I don’tknow the place you asked me.4.If you go abroad, I will go with you.5.I went to the restaurant where you asked me to.6.She is the lady who you are looking for.练习 2——请找出从句中含有的疑问词1.Sally told me where she would go.2.Do you know when she will be back?3.She is the person who(that) helped me a lot.4.This is the bike which(that) I bought last week.5.When he was a child, his parents went to America.6.Can she understand how we can pass the exam?练习 3——请依照上面的规律,填空。
1.Miss White is a teacher teaches us English.2.Tom gave me a present was a toy car.3.Can you tell my she lives?4.This is the book I lent you last week.5.My mother introduces a girl is in the same school to me.。
(完整)⾼中英语主要要掌握三⼤从句⾼中英语主要要掌握三⼤从句。
分别是:1、定语从句(形容词从句)2、名词词从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)3、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,⽬的,原因等)⼀、定语从句:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰⼀个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先⾏词。
定语从句通常出现在先⾏词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先⾏词是⼈或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持⼀致。
(1), who, whom, that这些词代替指⼈,“whom”作宾语指⼈,“that”既可作主语⼜可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指⼈也可以指物。
(2),Which ⽤来指⼈或物(⽤作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略)(3),whose“whose”表⽰谁(可以为⼈也可以为物)的(东西)2、关系代词引导的定语从句(1),关系副词why主要⽤于修饰表⽰原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中⽤作原因状语。
(2),关系副词when主要⽤于修饰表⽰时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中⽤作时间状语。
(3),关系副词where主要⽤于修饰表⽰地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中⽤作地点状语。
3、⾮限制性定语从句它起补充说明作⽤,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在⾮限制性定语从句的前⾯往往有逗号隔开。
⼆、名词性从句在句⼦中起名词作⽤的句⼦叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句⼜可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:1、连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)whether,if (均表⽰“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表⽰“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句状语从句(Adverbial Clause)状语从句指句⼦⽤作状语时,起副词作⽤的句⼦。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which whichwhoseof which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
三大从句的区分首先三大从句是形容词性从句(即定语从句);副词性从句(即状语从句);和名词性从句(包括:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man。
We are all looking forward to the day when 2008 Olympic Games begin in Beijing.修饰一个句子的从句是状语从句When he was walking in the street yesterday, he met with a friend of his。
在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句,That he came home late at night worried his parents.在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句,I don't know why he came home late at night.在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,It looks as if it is going to rain。
在句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句I have no idea why he came home late at night。
定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版中考英语必考的3大从句中考英语必考的3大从句导语:宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句是初中阶段必须会学到的内容,从句对于同学们来说有一些难度,因为之前没有接触过这个名词。
下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!中考英语必考的3大从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。
例如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.他说长大后想当一名老师。
①宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
②宾语从句的语序:A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。
例如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否能来。
B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词。
例如:She asked me who had helped him.她问我谁帮助了他。
③宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了。
“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。
例如:He tells me he studied English in England last year.他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。
B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。
例如:He told me that he liked playing football.他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。
C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
例如:He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。
初中英语语法三大从句初中英语语法三大从句英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。
英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。
下面是给大家带来的初中英语语法三大从句,欢迎大家阅读参考,我们一起来看看吧!一、初中英语语法——三大从句之定语从句在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
【定语从句】一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributiveclause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that,which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人who whom whose物which which whose of which人、物that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year ofmy senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
高考英语三大从句复习一、专题详解一、名词性从句解题技巧1.正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。
2.连接词的特点:that 没有意义,在从句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;whether, if 表“是否”,在从句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;what, which, how, where, when, whatever 等,有各自的意义,在从句中担任成分。
3.that 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时不省略;有多个that 引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that 可省略;引导的宾语从句中含有从句时,也不省略。
4.介词后一般不接that 引导的宾语从句,此时需要用it 作形式宾语;某些动词enjoy, hate, have, like, love, appreciate, take 也不能接that 引导的宾语从句,此时需要用it 作形式宾语。
如:You may rely on it that he will come on time. 5. reason 做主语时,表语从句只能用that 引导。
6.d oubt 在肯定句中其后的宾语从句常用whether, if 引导;doubt 在否定和疑问句中其后的宾语从句常用that 引导。
如:There is some doubt whether he will come tomorrow.7.与if 相比较,whether 引导所有名词性从句,也可用于连接介词后的宾语从句,可以discuss, decide 后引导宾语从句,还可与or not 连用。
*考题检验1.Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.3.World Aids day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away, and the re are many things still to be done.4.News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Universit y.5. I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at I thought was a dangerous speed.6.There is no doubt John will support you.7.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?8.We have offered her the job, but I don’t know she will accept it.9.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.10.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finish anything.答案:1,what 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. what 6.that 7. whoever 8. whether/if 9. how 10. why二、定语从句解题技巧1.正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。
英语三大从句主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的建议是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于讲解说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
〔that从句用于讲解说明the fact〕定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John. 答复以下问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我平时坐公共汽车上学。
〔时间状语〕If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 若是他明天来,你就可以看见他。
〔 if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为: if + 状语从句,+主句〕。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规那么是“主将从现〞,即主句是将来时,那么从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
主句和从句的划分方法是同样的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较简单。
谓语动词前面的局部是主语,后边常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,假设谓语是系动词,那么系动词后的局部是表语。
如:I am a teacher. 其中, I 是主语, am 是谓语, a teacher 是表语。
He likes playing football very mucy.其中, he 是主语, likes 是谓语, playing football 是宾语,very much 是状语。
英语三大从句在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:(一)关系代词who, whom和whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗?whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。
whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。
)(二)关系代词which的用法which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。
(which可以换成that)(三)关系代词that的用法that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
:Is she the girl that sells newspapers?她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who)Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了?(that可以换成which)Is this the book that you want to buy?这是你要买的那本书吗?(that可以换成which,在定语从句作宾语,还可以省略)二、关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。
(一)关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。
(when先行词是months)(二)关系副词where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。
(where的先行词是town)(三)关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语。
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。
(why先行词是reason,当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why 省略)三、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句(一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引导定语从句You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少。
(第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语)(二)独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句As we know/ As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转。
(As we know和As is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句。
)Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
(关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语。
)四、关系代词who, which与that的区别(一)关系代词who与that的区别1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who。
He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切。
(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时,多用who)I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语。
(在非限制性定语从句中,用who)2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that。
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。
(介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who)注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词。
因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法:(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that。
He is a man that is never afraid of failure.他是个从不怕失败的人。
(that用来泛指人)4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that。
例如:Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁?(避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清)(二)关系代词which与that的区别1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时,关系代词多用that。
All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。
She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时,关系代词一般都用that。
This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说。
He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。
3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时,应用that。
Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆?(这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which)4. 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词一般只用which。
Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都,将主办2008年奥运会。
5. 介词后的关系代词用which,而不用that。
She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票,其中60%是德国邮票。
五、定语从句的位置如前所述,定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。
有时候,定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语,这样它们被分隔了,这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。
There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.楼上有一个女孩,大喊大叫。
很明显,她疯了。
(定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl,被upstairs所隔开)A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。
(定语从句置于句末以示强调)名词性从句宾语从句一、引导词(1)由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。