step by step 3000 (Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping Personalities)

Book 2Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping PersonalityPart 1 Warming upⅠ. Vocabulary and background knowledge for this part:1. constellation: [kɒnstə'leiʃən] a configuration of stars as seen from the earth星座2. Taurus: ['tɔ:rəs] 金牛座3. Virgo: ['vɜ:ɡəʊ] 处女座4. Capricorn: ['kæprikɔ:n] 摩羯座5. Pisces: ['paisi:z] 双鱼座6. Aquarius: [ə'kweəriəs] 水瓶座7. Leo: ['li:əʊ] 狮子座8. Cancer: 巨蟹座9. Aries: ['eri:z] 白羊座10. Gemini: ['dʒeminai] 双子座11. Sagittarius: [sædʒi'teriəs] 射手座12. centaur: ['sentɔ:(r)]人马座13. Scorpio: ['skɔ:piəʊ] 天蝎座14. Libra: ['li:brə] 天秤座15. raise the roof : to complain loudly and bitterly; get very angry喧闹(吵翻天，大声抱怨)eg. Father will raise the roof when he hears what you have done.父亲要是知道你所做的事一定会大发雷霆。

16. identification: sth which is proof or a sign of identity身份证明; the feeling that one shares the ideas, feelings, problems, etc. of another person认同17. survey: ['sə:vei] a detailed critical inspection；short descriptive summary (of events) 调查(收入,民意等)Ⅱ. Key to this part:Section A: 1-h 2-d 3-j 4-k 5-b 6-i 7-g 8-e 9-l 10-f 11-c 12-aSection B: aggressive-very\selfish-not very \kind-extremely \patient-sort of \ jealous-veryAggressive Selfish Kind Patient Jealous Extremely √Very √√Sort of √Not very √Not at allSection C; George-ambitious, proud Karen-helpful, honest Pam-selfish, unreliableAggressive Selfish Kind Ambitious √Helpful √Honest √Proud √Selfish √Unreliable √III. Tapescript for this part:Section A:1. TAURUS: April 21 —May 21, represented by a bull2. VIRGO: August 23 —September 23, represented by a young woman3. CAPRICORN: December 22 —January 20, represented by a goat4. PISCES: February 20 —March 20, represented by two fish5. AQUARIUS: January 21 —February 19, represented by the water-bearer6. LEO: July 23 —August 22, represented by a lion7. CANCER: June 22 —July 22, represented by a crab8. ARIES: March 21 —April 20, represented by a ram9. GEMINI: May 22 —June 21, represented by twins10. SAGITTARIUS: November 23 —December 21, represented by a centaur (= half human and half horse) shooting an arrow11. SCORPIO: October 24 —November 22, represented by a scorpion12. LIBRA: September 24 —October 23, represented by a pair of measuring scales.Section B:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It’ll be fun.M: Oh, I don’t know…W: Oh, come on… OK, here’s the first one – what should I put for “aggressive”?M: Uh-oh … I … I’d say “very.”W：Very? Really?M：Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W：Well, OK, so I’m a very aggressive driver … but … you have to drive like that in this city, or you’re gonna be hit, because …M：Uh … what’s the next one?W：“Selfish.”M: Oh, not at all.W：Really? Well, … maybe just a little … I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: OK, OK, so put “not very.”W：OK.M: But you can put “extremely” for the next one.W：What? Oh, “Kind”?M: Yes. Don’t you think you’re a extremely kind person?W: I am? OK, if you say so. Oh, look at this next one.M: Oh, “patient”!W: Yeah.M: Hmm … I don’t know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you’re not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got …W: OK, OK. I get your point. I’ll put “sort of.”M: OK, that’s right.W: Next one … “jealous.” I guess I’m sort of jealous…M: Sort of? I’d put “very”. Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I thought you’re gonna raise the roof …W: All right, all right. “Very.”M: Oh, OK, what’s the next one?W: That’s all.M: That’s all?W: Yeah, but now it’s your turn.Section C:1. GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduate, George?G: I’m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven’t decided yet, but I know I’ll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I’m going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes — I’m smart, I can organize people. And I’m full of ideas that can make money.2. KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There’s lots of money in it… but no identification. Mmm … I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I’ll take it to the police station and see if anyone’s reported a lost wallet.3. PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don’t feel like going. I think I’ll go shopping instead.M: Won’t Bill get mad?P: Oh, I’m sure he can find something else to do.M: Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven’t bought any for nearly a month!M: Huh!Part II Self-esteemⅠ. Vocabulary for this part:1. self-esteem: [.selfis'ti:m] the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect自尊, 自尊心2. harsh: disagreeable to the senses; unpleasantly stern刺耳的，严厉的3. democratic: representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large民主的Ⅱ. Key to this part:Subject: young boysProcedure:1. testing (what?): measure the boys’ abilities and how they felt about their own abilities2. dividing (how?): 3 groups – those with high self-esteem / middle self-esteem / low self-esteem3. following-up study (where and when?): in all situations – at home / at work / in school / with friendsObservations: the behavior of the boys1. boys with high self-esteem: active / able to express ideas / successful in school and in relations with other people / creative / led in discussions / interested in world problems / seldom tired or sick2. boys with middle self-esteem: like the boys with high self-esteem / express ideas freely / saw the world as a good and happy place / not sure of their own value3. boys with low self-esteem: sad most time / afraid to start activities / felt no love / couldn’t express ideas / afraid of anger / no talk in discussionFindings:close between the boys and the parentsgood behavior demandeddefinite rules made by the parents: strict but not harsh & led in a kind and thoughtful way behavior corrected by rewardsdemocratic family life: children’s ideas respected by the parentsknowing their importance to the parents whose love for the children was never taken away allowed to do almost anythingno definite rulesmistakes corrected by harsh punishmentbelieving that their parents didn’t love themⅢ. Tapescript for this part:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies of two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These tests measured the boys’ abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups – those with high self-esteem, those with middle self-esteem and those with low self-esteem. The scientists continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientist made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem wereactive. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn’t just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired and sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. They boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of the time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn’t talk.The scientists asked, “How do some boys develop high self-esteem?” “What is different in their lives?” Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interests in them, and spent time with them. They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons’ friends. The sons knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They made definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons’ behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. The boys believed that their parents didn’t love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children’s ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III How to deal with depression and anger?Ⅰ. Vocabulary for this part:1. depression: the condition of feeling sad or despondent忧愁，沮丧2. drugs: a chemical substance, such as a narcotic or hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous system, causing changes in behavior and often addiction毒品3. psycho-therapy: the treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being personality growth and behavior modification. 精神疗法：通过用于鼓励冲突间的交流和对问题的了解的心理技巧来医治精神和情感失调，其目的是帮助患者的人格成长和对其行为的修正4. moderate: being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme有节制的，适度的5. tether: the extent or limit of one's resources, abilities, or endurance能力或忍耐力的程度或限度6. suppress: to curtail or prohibit the activities of抑制7. manifest: to show or demonstrate plainly; reveal清楚地显示;表明8. surly: sullenly ill-humored; gruff傲慢的；粗暴的9. cleanse: 清洗（伤口）；使清洁10. vent my anger on somebody: find an outlet for an emotion发泄11. ebb away: 消逝, 渐渐衰退12. dump: 倾倒(垃圾), 倾卸13. uptight: nervously tense14. punch: to hit with a sharp blow of the fist用拳头猛击Ⅱ. Keys to this part:Keys to Section A:sad temporary long mental anyone ten developing 80% drugs effective carefully without activity minor walking 30 four improve physical traditional hour talking doctors Discussion ways problems education understandKeys to Section B:B1 speaker1 manifest angerspeaker2 joyous/warm/loving vent anger on somebody dump angerB2 punch bags with picture of their boss laughing at itⅢ. Tapescript for this part:B1:Speaker 1I actually … I, I very rarely get angry, erm, I, I’ve quite a long tether when it comes to anger, erm, which doesn’t mean, I really don’t believe I’m suppressing any anger at all, er, but, it manifests itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, I’m I’m, if I’m buying a … railway ticket or something and the … the guy behind counter is very surly and er, you know refuses to treat me, er like a human being, I won’t be, get angry with him but I’ll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. (oh … yes, one of those, yes …) (laughter) And er that for me, that for me serves its purpose. I do feel er very … I feel very cleansed after a situation like that. Oh, I, of course I do sometimes, if it’s absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I’m taken that far. But I certainly don’t suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. (laughter) I mean, if I do not sleep well, I wake up the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on somebody. If I sleep well, then everything’s fine. I’m a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I’m full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that’s how I work. And it’s terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I’m looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, so, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.B2:A: Apparently, I don’t know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags there with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.A: Well, that’s one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is, again, one of the mostwonderful releases, and I mean I think that it’s actually been proved that you know the chemical that is released when you laugh is, life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.B: And it heals wounds.Part IV Short talks on listening skills: Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean --- Outlining Ⅰ. Key to this part:classifying and organizing ideas ability the facts or ideas are related to one another Roman Arabic letters standard form decreasing importance capital letters small letters to the left to the right equal the same distance easy to see the ideas before and after it No punctuation Outlining practice。

Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going.I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem didnot depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.。

Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor. Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last?8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one? What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Part III Anti-piracy missionAEU’s Naval Operationtheir skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. 28/08/1963)4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000) Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1 Warming upA1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse ...2. ...2000 delegates … northern Brazil … third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week ...5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges … 50 cubic kilometers … raise global sea level ...Tapescripts:1. Australia is the world‟s driest continent. There‟s general agreement tha t the country has to use water more efficiently. In many part supplies are i n crisis. At a meeting in Canberra, the Council of Australian Government s has approved national water plan. It attempts to balance environmental c oncerns and the needs of the community. The amount of water taken from rivers for commercial use is to be cut and farmers will be compensated.2. The disappearance and deformity of amphibians such as frogs and sala manders from rain forests and mountain lakes worldwide has attracted wi de-spread scientific attention over the last decade. Now a new study says reptile species including turtles, snakes, and alligators are in even greater tro uble. Twice as many reptiles as amphibians, or some 100 species, are curr ently listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union. The study s ays habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disease, climate change, and o ver-collection for food, pets and drugs are the major threat to reptiles.3. Four regional governors from Columbia, on a visit to Washington, have sharply criticized an American-backed aerial offensive to eradicate thousands of hectares of illegal coke and poppy plantations. At a news conference the governors called for a di fferent approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade, saying that the herbicides currently being used were harmful to public health and the en vironment.4. Much attention has been devoted to the threatened animal species. But what about plants which are the fundamental bases of life? One in every e ight species of plants is threatened with extinction. Since all food chains b egin in the sphere of plant life, this is bad news for the animals too, includ ing humans who depend on plants not only for food but also for medicine s, building materials, and other vital purposes.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware is now available, called the “Boulder County Green Pages.” The R otary Clubs in Boulder County got together with local recycling and environmental specialists to put together this firstever directory. It includes qui ck reference to green products and services for recycling, xeriscaping, ene rgy conservation, and more. The $5 cost helps raise funds for the sponsori ng groups.B1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Tapescript:An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute here in Washington says wit h the boom in the information economy, Americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet.State of the World 2000 says the fast growing information economy is aff ecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment.Lead author and Worldwatch President Lester Brown says while America ns generally feel a sense of optimism about the economy, the planet‟s hea lth is suffering. He says it is a mistake “to confuse the vibrancy of the virt ual world with the increasingly troubled state of the real world.”“We give the earth an annual physical, and this book is the result of that a nnual physical. We check its vital signs. And almost all those vital signs, whether it‟s the number of species, whether it‟s the stability of climate, w hether it‟s the number of species, whether it‟s the stability of climate, wh ether it‟s the health of coral reefs, all those trends show deterioration.” Lester Brown says other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling wa ter tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries. He says the major environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to sta bilize both climate and world population growth.Worldwatch Institute President Lester Brown also points out initiatives b y multinational corporations to seek energy alternatives. For example, Da imler-Chrysler and Shell Oil are working with the government of Iceland to tur n that country into the first hydrogen powered economy.Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthBSummary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1. 1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5. To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersTapescript:The UN water experts are warning that a severe water shortage will have what they call catastrophic consequences in some developing nations unless global solutions are found soon. One hundred and fifty experts aro und the world will discuss the water situation at a conference beginning Monday in Geneva.A top official from the World Meteorological Organization Arthur Askew says that by the year 2025, almost 1 billion people could be living in area s suffering from a scarcity of water. He says the number could double by the middle of the next century. Mr Askew says one area with serious wate r problems is the Middle East. But he says officials in the area are already working on ways to deal with the situation.Experts say water shortage problems also could develop in parts of Africa and western Asia as well as northeastern China, western and southern In dia, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, and parts of the Pacific coast of t he United States and South America. Mr Askew says there‟s a moral obli gation to treat water as a precious resource and a need to realize that large amounts of water are used often wastefully in food production and manuf acturing.“All commodities have used water in their production and you must be a ware therefore that if you‟re importing food from one country to another you are in fact importing part of the water resources of that country.” Mr Askew also says water shortages lead to a conflict between rural and urba n demands.“In many regions of the world, the water crisis is not coming because of human consumption directly for potable water, for drinking, or for sanitar y purposes, it‟s coming for agriculture. And in general about 80 percent o f the water, which is consumed, i. e., is extracted from the rivers or from underground resources and is not returned, is for agriculture. And there‟s considerable pressure now on the agricultural sectors to see if they cannot use that water ore efficiently.Mr Askew says it‟s estimated that a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person lives comfortably with about 50 liters a day. But he says peo ple in many countries are using 500 liters of water each day. He says way s must be found to reduce such overuse before it‟s too late.Part III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B1.130,000 / 80%2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers10. One of the top five in the USATapescript:The United States is running out of landfill space, places to put its trash. Because of that, more communities are encouraging their residents to rec ycle, to set aside certain materials that won‟t go to the landfill. One area t hat‟s met the recycling challenge head-on, is the southeast City of Charlotte, North Carolina. In just a few years, its recycling program has become one of the country‟s most successful. Catherine Smith lives in one of the 130,000 eligible recycling househol ds in Charlotte, North Carolina. Nearly 80 percent of the households parti cipate in the program. Each week, Smith goes to her front porch and fills her red plastic bin with recyclables. “You‟ve got any plastic containers m arked one or two. You‟ve got any glass. They also recycle tin cans and ne wspapers. So all of that can go in the curbside pick-up bin.”“Well, this is the easy part. Then someone, ah, driving a Charlotte Mec klenburg …Recycle Now‟ truck comes and, usually, at some point—tomorrow or Friday—and they pick it up at curbside. And that‟s it.”From there, Smith‟s cans, bottles, and newspapers are taken to oneof the community‟s recycling centers. The City of Charlotte actually cont racts with a private company to process the recyclables.This plant is operated by a company called FCR. The recycling trucks pull into FCR each weekday morning to drop off the used material. Inside, the processing center at FCR is bustling with activity. One of the first thin gs you notice in the 26,000-square-foot facility is a huge mound of materials called the “commingle area.” B asically, it‟s a big pile of assorted trash. There are forklifts transporting g arbage, and people sorting through it. Paula Hoffman is education coordin ator at FCR. She conducts tours of the plant for more than one thousand p eople a month.“The aluminum cans, the number one and number two plastic container s, the spiral cans, the glass bottles and jars are all mixed together into a hu ge pile. And…we are receiving about 100 tons a day, which is 200,000 po unds, so you can imagine how many bottles and cans are in that pile.”“Can we walk around a little bit?”“As you can see, the bottles and cans are riding up the conveyor belt, a nd they‟ll end up on a sorting station, where there are twelve workers that will hand-sort the bottles and cans and other containers. As you can see, from the sorting station, they drop their material down a chute into a large container below. The sorting station is on a raised platform.” Across from the sor ters and the commingle area is a mound ofnewspaper. Of the material brought to FCR, three quarters of it is newspri nt. It rides a separate conveyor belt, is checked, and is compacted into bal es, 11 to 12 hundred pounds each. Back in the quiet of FCR‟s auditorium, Paula Hoffman describes what happens to the sorted and processed recyc lables the company receives from Catherine Smith and the thousands of o ther area residents. Hoffman says they‟re sold to other companies that the n make them into different products.“Your food and beverage glass containers are always made into new fo od and beverage glass containers. Your aluminum beverage cans are, the biggest percentage of the time, made into new aluminum beverage cans. Twenty five percent of all beverage, Coca-Cola, Pepsi bottles are now made into new Pepsi or Coke bottles. Howeve r, a certain percentage is also made into other products such as the fuzz o n a tennis ball, carpeting…your number two plastic…a lot of it‟s made in to plastic wood.”Charlotte, the surrounding county, and FCR are glad to add new recycl ables to their program as long as there‟s a need for the recycled material.From its high participation rate to the quality end product, Charlotte‟s rec ycling program is considered one of the top five in the nation.But ultimately, the success of the Charlotte area recycling program can be traced to the curbsides of the many individual citizens who, like Catherine Smith, are active participants in program.Unit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced jobcuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.B1.Foreign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks= 126.9 Japanese yen1 pound =1.624 dollarsShare IndexDow Jones (up to) 6,783 (+45)London’s 100 (up to) 4,390 (+20)Nikkie closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones 10,116 (+96)Standrd and Poor’s 500 1,254 (+6)NASDAQ: (-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones 8,094 ( - 66 )NASDAQ 1,662 (- 3 )FT100 ( -36 )CAC Quarante ( -33, -1% )DAX ( -1% )4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45HSBC down $ 0.50Hutchison down $ 0.50 Shanglongkai Property up $ 2.25China Telecom down $ 1.50Chang Kong down $ 0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10CCT Telecom down $ 0.275New World CyberBase down $ 0.075Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2,670London gold: US $ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million) Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billionElectronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up)Tapescripts:1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. Earlier London's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents,Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S. dollars.5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourth quarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.Part II News reportsASummary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company-- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporationn Microsoft3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world.The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giantsCitigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.BSummary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market. Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components. Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oilprices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline. Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective……individual problems….Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):… bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T9. T10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. Voice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business jargonA1.…language shorthand….2.…overuse business jargon…a negative effect…3.…a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack of confidence…one in five …untrustworthy…cover something up.4.…an effective boss…can easily understand…of management jargon.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FC1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2.get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently3.brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject4.think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems5.the helicopter view: an overview6. a heads up: a warning7.that’s a real no-brainer: that’s simple英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA1. To Mars / March of next year.2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.1. An American spacecraft is traveling to Mars to collect information abo ut the red planet. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter left Cape Canaveral i n Florida on August 12th. The space vehicle is expected to arrive in March of next year. It is to orbit the planet for at least four years.2. The U.S. space shuttle Columbia has returned to Earth after an abbreviated stay in space because of a mechanical problem. The Space Agency o rdered the shuttle back to Earth after one of the three power generators fai led Sunday. The generators called “fuel cells” provide all of shuttle’s elec trical power, and NASA safety rules require the space ship to return to Ea rth if any fuel cell fails.3. US space shuttle Discovery has made a successful lift-off from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, en route to the International S pace Station. The shuttle with 5 male and 2 female astronauts onboard wil l take another section of the half-built International Space Station a little truss, or frame into orbits. It’s sch eduled to come back to earth on December 21.4.The United States Space Agency NASA says it’s given up any real hope of reviving its space probe on Mars. The spacecraft Pathfinder made its last transmission of scientific data from the surface of Mars at the end of September, 83 days after landing.5.The U.S. space shuttle Endeavor is preparing to return home in triumph after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope. The Endeavor’s schedu led to land Monday at the Kennedy Space Center on Florida’s Atlantic co ast, returning to the site where the mission began eleven days ago.BMir Facts15 years。

Step by step-3000第二册Unit2原文及答案Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1~ h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9~1, 10-f, 11-c, 12-&Tape script:1・ Taurus April 21一May12, is represented by a bull. 2・ Virgo is represented by a young woman.3. Capricorn ........... by a goat・4・ Pisces ................ by two fish・3. Aquarius ............. by the water-bearer・6・ Leo ..................... by a lion7.Cancer ................. by a crab8.Aries ..................... by a ram9.Gemini ................. by twins10.Sagitarus .............. by a centaur shooing an arrow 11.Scorpio .................. by a scorption12. Libra .................... by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey・ It'11 be fun.M: Oh, I don" t know.・.W: Oh, come on.・・ Ok, here's the first one一一what should I put for〃・aggressive rM：Oh, I.... I* d say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure・ Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so r m a very aggressive driver・・・ But・・ You have to drive like that in thiscity, or you' re gonna be hit, because・・・・M:Uh,・・・ What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just aare, right? Just a littlebit? You know, I mean, I try to I do just think ofmyself, I guess・M: Ok, Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "'extremely " "kind"?M: Yes・ Don't you think you are Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this little・・・ I mean, a lot of people think of other people, but sometimesfor the next one・ W: What? Oh,an extremely kind person? W: I am? next one・W: Yeah.M: Hmm.・・ I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but othertimes you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got・・・ W: Ok, ok, I get your point・ I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that, s right・W: Next one…"jealous"•… I guess I am sort of jealous・・・M: Sort of? r d put "very". Remember how angry you got when my exgirlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof・・・W： All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: r m going to start my own business・W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know V 11 be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years・ Just wait and see! I have everything it takes ——I am smart, I canorganize people・ And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK： Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk・ Wow! There" s lot of money in it.・・ But no identification. Mmm.・・ I wonder how I can find the owner? Iguess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet・PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P： Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going・ I think I will go shopping instead・M： Won，t Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:0h?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes・ I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1・ Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2. Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self- esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1・ Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick 2・ Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn, t express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb・ good behavior b・ almost anythingc. definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited・ rewards d・ harsh punishmente・ democratic, respectedf・ importance, taken away f・ didn, t love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions・ They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love・ In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does・ The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys・ They gave them many tests・ These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities・ After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups一一those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations.They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations・ Boys with highself-esteem were active・ They were able to express their ideas・ They were successful in school and in their relations with other people・ In discussions, they led・ They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems・ They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started・ They seldom became tired or sick・ In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place・ However, they were not sure of their own value as people・ They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them・ The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups・ They were sad most of them time・ They were afraid to start activities・They felt that no one loved them・ They could not express their ideas・ They were afraid of anger・ In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk・The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self- esteem?，z :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising・ High self-esteem didnot depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home・ The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents・ Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time ・ They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends・ The son knew that they were important to their parents・ These parents demanded good behavior・ They mad definite rules・ They were strict, but not harsh ・ They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment・ They never took away their love・ On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteemlet their sons do almost anything・ If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them・ There were no definite rules・ The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic・ The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children，s ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans・ These boys were productive citizens・ Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves・ In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand・Part III 一BlJoyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger・ T ve quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don, t believe I'm suppressing any anger atall, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if T m buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won, t get angry with him but r 11 get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks ・ And that for me severs its purpose・ I do feel cleansed after a situation like that・ Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if T m taken that far・ But I certainly don t suppress any anger・Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights・ I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine・ r m a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, Tm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that5 s how I work・ And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here・ If T m looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out・ I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying・ I believe in dumping it.Part III - BlPunch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of theirboss・ And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag・ And they go back to work and they feel great・B： Oh, God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh・ C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being・Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice・。

Step by step-3000 第二册 Unit2原文及答案Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1. Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2. Virgo is represented by a young woman.3. Capricorn......... by a goat.4. Pisces................by two fish.5. Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6. Leo.....................by a lion7. Cancer ...............by a crab8. Aries....................by a ram9. Gemini.................by twins10. Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow 11. Scorpio................by a scorption12. Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in thiscity, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a littlebit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think ofmyself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one. W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person? W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going. I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and inrelations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick 2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain andtheir functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studiesat two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief inhis ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studiedself-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with loveself-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they couldfinish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with highself-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem didnot depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that theywere important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problems Education, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him butI'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine.I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger issomething that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, iffactory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That mademe laugh. C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance,capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.。

Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1Warming upA1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse ...2. ...2000 delegates …northern Brazil … third United NationsConference on Desertification.3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week ...5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges … 50 cubickilometers … raise global sea level ...B1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needsof the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, calledthe “Boulder County Green Pages”.Tapescripts:1.Australia is the world’s driest continent. Ther e’s generalagreementthat the country has to use water more efficiently. In many part supplies are in crisis.At a meeting in Canberra, the Council of Australian Governments has approved national water plan. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community. The amount of water taken from rivers for commercial use is to be cut and farmers will be compensated.2.The disappearance and deformity of amphibians such as frogsand salamanders from rain forests and mountain lakes worldwide has attracted wide-spread scientific attention over the last decade.Now a new study says reptile species including turtles, snakes, and alligators are in even greater trouble. Twice as many reptiles as amphibians, or some 100 species, are currently listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union. The study says habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disease, climate change, and over-collection for food, pets and drugs are the major threat to reptiles.3.Four regional governors from Columbia, on a visit toWashington, have sharply criticized an American-backed aerial offensive to eradicate thousands of hectares of illegal coke and poppy plantations. At a news conference thegovernors called for a different approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade, saying that the herbicides currently being used were harmful to public health and the environment.4.Much attention has been devoted to the threatened animalspecies. But what about plants which are the fundamental bases of life? One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction. Since all food chains begin in the sphere of plant life, this is bad news for the animals too, including humans who depend on plants not only for food but also for medicines, building materials, and other vital purposes.5.A new local directory for the environmentally-aware is nowavailable, called the “Boulder County Green Pages.” The Rotary Clubs in Boulder County got together with local recycling and environmental specialists to put together this firstever directory. It includes quick reference to green products and services for recycling, xeriscaping, energy conservation, and more. The $5 cost helps raise funds for the sponsoring groups.Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthTapescript:An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute here in Washington says with the boom in the information economy, Americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet.State of the World 2000 says the fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment.Lead author and Worldwatch President Lester Brown says while Americans generally feel a sense of optimism about the economy, the planet’s health is suffering. He says it is a mistake “to confuse the vibrancy of the virtual world with the increasingly troubled state of the real world.”“We give the earth an annual p hysical, and this book is theresult of that annual physical. We check its vital signs. And almost all those vital signs, whether it’s the number of species, whether it’s the stability of climate, whether it’s the number of species, whether it’s the stabil ity of climate, whether it’s the health of coral reefs, all those trends show deterioration.”Lester Brown says other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling water tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries. He says the major environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth.Worldwatch Institute President Lester Brown also points out initiatives by multinational corporations to seek energy alternatives. For example, Daimler-Chrysler and Shell Oil are working with the government of Iceland to turn that country into the first hydrogen powered economy.BSummary…the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1. 1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, NortheasternChina, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5. To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersTapescript:The UN water experts are warning that a severe water shortage will have what they call catastrophic consequences in some developing nations unless global solutions are found soon. One hundred and fifty experts around the world will discuss the water situation at a conference beginning Monday in Geneva.A top official from the World Meteorological Organization Arthur Askew says that by the year 2025, almost 1 billion people could be living in areas suffering from a scarcity of water. He says the number could double by the middle of the next century.Mr Askew says one area with serious water problems is the Middle East. But he says officials in the area are already working on ways to deal with the situation.Experts say water shortage problems also could develop in parts of Africa and western Asia as well as northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, and parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America. Mr Askew says there’s a moral obligation to treat water as a precious resource and a need to realize that large amounts of water are used often wastefully in food production and manufacturing.“All commodities have used water in their production and you must be aware therefore that if you’re importing food from one country to another you are in fact importing part of the water resources of that country.”Mr Askew also says water shortages lead to a conflict between rural and urban demands.“In many regions of the world, the water crisis is not coming because of human consumption directly for potable water, for drinking, or for sanitary purposes, it’s coming for agriculture. And in general about 80 percent of the water, which is consumed, i. e., is extracted from the rivers or from underground resources and is not returned, is for agriculture. And there’s considerable pressure now on the agricultural sectors to see if they cannot use that water ore efficiently.Mr Askew says it’s estimated that a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person lives comfortably with about 50 liters a day. But he says people in many countries are using 500 liters of water each day. He says ways must be found to reduce such overuse before it’s too late.Part III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B1.130,000 / 80%2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers10. One of the top five in the USATapescript:The United States is running out of landfill space, places to put its trash.Because of that, more communities are encouraging their residents to recycle, to set aside certain materials that won’t go to the landfill. One area that’s met the recycling challenge head-on, is the southeast City of Charlotte, North Carolina. In just a few years, its recycling program has become one of the country’s most successful.Catherine Smith lives in one of the 130,000 eligible recycling households in Charlotte, North Carolina. Nearly 80 percent of the households participate in the program. Each week, Smith goes to her front porch and fills her red plastic bin with recyclables. “You’ve got any plastic containers marked one or two. You’ve got any glass. The y also recycle tin cans and newspapers. So all of that can go in the curbside pick-up bin.”“Well, this is the easy part. Then someone, ah, driving a Charlotte Mecklenburg ‘Recycle Now’ truck comes and, usually, at some point—tomorrow or Friday—and they pick it up at curbside. And that’s it.”From there, Smith’s cans, bottles, and newspapers are taken to one of the community’s recycling centers. The Cityof Charlotte actually contracts with a private company to process the recyclables.This plant is operated by a company called FCR. The recycling trucks pull into FCR each weekday morning to drop off the used material. Inside, the processing center at FCR is bustling with activity. One of the first things you notice in the 26,000-square-foot facility is a huge mound of materials called the “commingle area.” Basically, it’s a big pile of assorted trash. There are forklifts transporting garbage, and people sorting through it. Paula Hoffman is education coordinator at FCR. She conducts tours of the plant for more than one thousand people a month.“The aluminum cans, the number one and number two plastic containers, the spiral cans, the glass bottles and jars are all mixed together into a huge pile. And…we are receiving about 100 tons a day, which is 200,000 pounds, so you can imagine how many bottles and cans are in that pile.”“Can we walk around a little bit?”“As you can see, the bottles and cans are riding up the conveyor belt, and they’ll end up on a sorting station, where there are twelve workers that will hand-sort the bottles and cans and other containers. As you can see, from the sorting station, they drop their material down a chute into a large container below. The sorting station is on a raised platform.”Across from the sorters and the commingle area is a mound of newspaper. Of the material brought to FCR, three quarters of it is newsprint. It rides a separate conveyor belt, is checked, and is compacted into bales, 11 to 12 hundred pounds each. Back in the quiet of FCR’s audit orium, Paula Hoffman describes what happens to the sorted and processed recyclables the company receives from Catherine Smith and the thousands of other area residents. Hoffman says they’re sold to other companies that then make them into different products.“Your food and beverage glass containers are always made into new food and beverage glass containers. Your aluminum beverage cans are, the biggest percentage of the time, made into new aluminum beverage cans. Twenty five percent of all beverage, Coca-Cola, Pepsi bottles are now made into new Pepsi or Coke bottles. However, a certain percentage is also made into other products such as the fuzz on a tennis ball, carpeting…your number two plastic…a lot of it’s made into plastic wood.” Charlotte, the surrounding county, and FCR are glad to add new recyclables to their program as long as there’s a need for the recycled material. From its high participation rate to the quality end product, Charlotte’s recycling program is considered one of the top five in the nation.But ultimately, the success of the Charlotte area recycling program can be traced to the curbsides of the many individual citizens who, like Catherine Smith, are active participants in program.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

Unit 1 Happy Family Life SpeakingTopic 1春节词汇Spring Festival Words节日名Greeting season春节The Spring Festival农历lunar calendar正月lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar除夕New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year初一the beginning of New Year元宵节The Lantern Festival习俗Customs过年Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival对联poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry春联Spring Festival couplets剪纸paper-cuts年画New Year paintings买年货special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping敬酒propose a toast灯笼lantern: a portable light烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)舞狮lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龙dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲traditional opera杂耍variety show; vaudeville灯谜riddles written on lanterns灯会exhibit of lanterns守岁staying-up拜年pay New Year's call; give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit禁忌taboo去晦气get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one's ancestors压岁钱red envelopes/red packets/a cash gift; gift money; money given to children as lunar New Year gift辞旧岁bid farewell to the old year 扫房spring cleaning; general house-cleaning祝福语Blessings金玉满堂Treasures fill the home生意兴隆Business flourishes岁岁平安Peace all year round恭喜发财Wishing you prosperity和气生财Harmony brings wealth心想事成May all your wishes come true吉祥如意Everything goes well国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful一帆风顺Wishing you every success步步高升Promoting to a higher position出入平安Safe trip wherever you go祝您新的一年快乐幸福！Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year! 祝您事业成功，家庭美满Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!食品Food年糕Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake团圆饭family reunion dinner年夜饭the dinner on New Year's Eve饺子Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli汤圆Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings糖果盘candy tray什锦糖assorted candies - sweet and fortune 蜜冬瓜candied winter melon - growth and good health金桔cumquat - prosperity糖莲子candied lotus seed - many descendents to come糖藕candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship红枣red dates - prosperity花生糖peanut candy - sweetTraditions and cultures of Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing. Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad.According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished. China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.Useful words and expressionsf amily 家庭spouse 配偶single单身life span 寿命marriage life 婚姻生活bachelor 单身汉spinster 老处女courtship 求爱lad 少年, 少女female friend 女性朋友play house 过家家play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏puppy love初恋friendship 友谊engagement 订婚fiancé未婚夫fiancée 未婚妻wedding ceremony 婚礼honeymoon 蜜月newlyweds 新婚夫妇husband 丈夫wife 妻子happiness 幸福mother-in-law 婆婆dowry 嫁妆mama`s boy 没有男子气概的男人uxorious 疼爱妻子的twin 双胞胎daughter 女儿son 儿子maternal 母亲的paternal 父亲的children 子女parental 父母亲的filial 子女的divorce 离婚consolation money 抚慰金alimony 抚养费single parent 单亲fall in love 恋爱fight for divorce 提请离婚诉讼widow 寡妇widower 鳏夫separation 分居bridesmaid 女傧相best man 男傧相monogamy 一夫一妻制in laws 姻亲family tree 家谱ancestors 祖先descendant 后代1. 跟别人要钱mooch off someone我最讨厌跟别人要钱的人了。

Unit 1 Happy Family LifePart I Warming up / 1Part II All you need is love? / 4Part III First meetings / 9Part IV A Valentine story / 12Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping PersonalityPart I Warming up / 15 Part II Self-esteem / 19Part III How to deal with depression and anger? / 22 Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 25 Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean ?OutliningUnit 3 All Can SucceedPart I Warming up / 27Part II The road to success / 30Part III Good better best / 34Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 38Unit 4 Getting Ready for the Future CareerPart I Warming up / 41Part II Painting for pay / 46Part III Choosing a career / 49Part IV My pet hate / 52Unit 5 Creative MindsPart I Warming up / 55 Part II Scientists of the millennium (I) / 60 Part III Scientists of the millennium (II) / 63 Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 66Letting Things Go桽peed and VocabularyUnit 6 Its Great to Be a ChampionPart I Warming up / 68Part II They are the champion! / 72Part III Luck in the hat / 76Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 79Unit 7 Leisure TimePart I Warming up / 82Part II Mozart's music still alive today / 86Part III The man with the horn / 89Part IV Bank Holiday DIY / 92Unit 8 Everybody Can Help the EnvironmentPart I Warming up / 94Part II Campaign California Re-Leaf / 97Part III PBS梐biodegradable plastic product / 100 Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 102 The "Inverted Pyramid" in News ReportingUnit 9 News I: DisastersPart I Warming up / 104Part II News items / 108Part III Torrential storms in Kenya / 111Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 114Unit 10 News II: HealthPart I Warming up / 117Part II Hand washing / 123Part III Lifestyle & environmental factors vs cancers / 125Part IV Doctors on the Internet / 127Unit 11 News IlkPart I Warming up / 131Part II Astronomers discover solar system / 136Part III Compton Gamma Ray Observatory / 137Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 139Uit t 12 Dictation / 141 Vocabulary /147isiiPartHappy Family LifeWarming upKey words: family nameageVocabulary:architect WalesSupply the missing information about the Porter family according to what you hear.Family TreeName: Susan Age: 48Name: John Porter Age: 53Name: James Porter Age: 24Tape script;The Porter FamilyMr. William Porter is very old. He's 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he's a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she's an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Key words:dates specific protect talk understand respectVocabulary:fatigue / foxhole / distracted / abuseYou are going to hear some ideas that may help make a marriage work. Listen carefully. Complete the following seven tips, and decide whether you agree or disagree with the speaker. Check the appropriate box.Tips for a happy marriage Agree Disagreej Go on dates uith each other. Renew romantic feelings by spending special time together.Be as specific as you can vhen you complain, make a re-quest, or offer praise.When stressed by fatigue or your oiun insecurities, y imagine you and your partner in a foxhole, surrounded by danger. Instead of striking, out at your partner, find a way to protect the partnership!^ When you feel "distant," talk about it uith your part-ner.Be assured that partners in alt marriages sometimes gettired, irrital>le, or distracted. Work together to under-stand each other.Respect each other. Leave if danger exists. Find profes-signal help if physical, sexual, emotional, or verbal abuse occurs.Fight to " understand," not to " win."Tapescript;Here are a few general ideas I believe help make a marriage work;Go on dates with each other. Renew romantic feelings by spending special time together.Be as specific as you can when you complain, make a request, or of-fer praise.When stressed by fatigue or your own insecurities, imagine you andyour partner in a foxhole, surrounded by danger. Instead of striking out at your partner, find a way to protect the partnership!When you feel "distant," talk about it with your partner.Be assured that partners in all marriages sometimes get tired, irritable, or distracted. Work together to understand each other.Respect each other. Leave if danger exists. Find professional help if physical, sexual, emotional, or verbal abuse occurs.Fight to "understand," not to "win. "Key words:losing "lose-lose solutions control Vocabulary:attest / excel / reside in / configuration / spouseHere is a passage about how to excel in the art of domestic argument. Supply the missing words while listening.Tapescript:Having been married for more than 40 years, I can attest to the truth of the following statement: To excel in the art of domestic argument, one must master the art of losing.Modern psychologists are taken with the "win-win" solution. But in marriage, success resides more in "lose-lose" solutions. Out of these, both parties can win. For in the love configuration, losing gives a gift that always returns.The issues that people argue over most in marriage, such as how to spend money, often aren't the real ones. The key issue is: Who is going to be in control? When I was younger, my need to control arose out of fear, a lack of trust, insecurity. The day I finally realized I didn't need to control my wife梩hat, indeed, I ought not to control her, that I couldn't control her, and that if I tried to, I would destroy our marriage ?was the day our marriage began.What is it we want most from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy and secure. To grow to discover. A love relationship is the gar-den in which we plant, cultivate and harvest the most precious of crops, our own self, and in which our spouse is provided the same rich soil in which to bloom.Part JJWe cannot obtain what we want unless our partner also gets what he or she wants. So remember; if you want to feel loved and respected, give up control.All you need is love?Key words:social backgrounds race ethnic religion Vocabulary:pre-industrial / propose / criterionYou are going to hear a report on how people in different parts of the world choose their mates.A1 Before listening, think about some of the qualities you would look for in a mate.A2 As you listen, try to write down the three main criteria people usuallymaintain for choosing a mate. 1: Having similar social backgrounds. 2: Having the same race or same ethnic background. 3: Having the same religion.A3 Listen again. Answer the questions.Why does the speaker say that some of the past practices related to marriage customs are weakening?Japan / 9. 2% / arranged marriagesWhy does the speaker say that the races are still largely separate in marriage in the U. S. ?3% / between blacks and whitesTapescript;Many people in Western cultures choose their own wives and hus-bands. In many other cultures, spouses are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20 th century) , upper-class mar-riages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a" groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening; for instance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages梬hether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love梐re based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slightly lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose mar-riage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U. S. , where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In cultures in which religion is a very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Key words:physical appearance fall in love loving somebodyVocabulary:sustain / differentiateBarbara CartlandListen to a dialogue that discusses personal and family relationships.Complete the following main ideas expressed by the second speaker.Unfortunately, perhaps in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts.In fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond the physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and so on, the idea of falling in love is always emphasized. ?In fact I think we can proba-bly lay there the blame for the high percentage of divorces.I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts.Tapescript;A: What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?B: I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them梚t could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction 1 think is all-important.A: Why do you say"unfortunately"?B: Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is im-portant. You should be able to look beyond the physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they're selfish or selfless, whether they're kind, caring. But I think initially you're not bothered with that. That comes perhaps later.A: In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and so on, the idea of falling in love is always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?B: Yes I do, in fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorces梚t's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stories, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young peo-ple read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it, it's the beginning, they live happily ever after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that. A: So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, thatkeeps a relationship going? B: Well, 1 think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which 1 see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Key words:"just-right wife physical qualities athletic sports qualities nationalitiesVocabulary:vow / upper portion / designer clothingNow you are going to hear some views on men's "just-right" wives. Listen carefully. Complete the summary.SummaryFor years men and women have been getting married. When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees heras the "just-right" wife for him.Every man has his own definition of what the "just-right" wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their " just-right" wife according to her physical qualities but use different words. Although some men define the "just-right" wife by her physical qualities, other men describe their "just-right" wife by her athletic quali-ties. Both the outdoors man and the inside sportsman may define their "just-right" wife by her sports qualities but in two different atmospheres. Men from all nationalities also have their definitions of the "just-right" wife. But the Italian man's definition is different from the French man's. And similarly, the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Tapescript;For years men and women have been getting married. They say their wedding vows which bring them together as one. They promise to love and cherish each other until death do them part.When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest deci-sions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the "just-right" wife for him. Every man has his own definition of what the "just-right" wife is. For instance, the million-aire man and the poor man both may define their "just-right" wife accord-ing to her physical qualities.A millionaire may describe his "just-right" wife as charming, beauti-ful, sexy, intelligent, and well developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his "just-right" wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowl-edgeable, and shapely. Both men describe their "just-right" wife by the same physical qualities but use different words.Although some men define the "just-right" wife by her physical qual-ities, other men describe their "just-right" wife by her athletic qualities. For example, the outdoors man may define his "just-right" wife as a woman who loves to fish, to camp, to hunt, and to water ski, whereas the inside sportsman may define his "just-right" wife as a woman who enjoys watching football, basketball, baseball, and wrestling. Both of these men define their "just-right" wife by her sports qualities but in two different at-mospheres.Men from all nationalities also have their definition of the "just-right" wife. For example, the Italian man describes his woman as a woman who stands six feet one inch tall with blonde hair and blue eyes, and who is well developed in the upper portion of her body. On the other hand, the French man may describe his ideal woman as a woman who stands only five feet three inches with brown hair and green eyes, and who is moder-ately built.Other nationalities, such as the German man and the Spanish man, may define their"just-right" wife as a woman with style. The German man may describe his "just-right" wife as a woman who likes to drive expensive sports cars, a woman who visits a different foreign country every month and wears only the most expensive designer clothing. But the Spanish man may define his "just-right" wife as a woman who enjoys giving dinner parties every weekend, wearing a lot of jewelry, and drink-ing expensive wines.PartFirst meetingsKey words:baseball diamond pizza fancy-dress party film riverVocabulary:frizzly / yearbook / platonic / hit it off / chap / trip overYou are going to hear five people talking about their first meetings.A Before listening, read and consider the following questions.How easy is it in your city for young men and women to meet and spend time alone together?At what age do young men and women usually begin to date with each other"?At what age is it customary for people to get married and how long do engagements last?What do you think of the "boy-meets-girl" custom?What do you think of the arranged marriages?B Listen to five people describing their first meetings with their present partners. Listen carefully and take notes in the following chart.Tapescript;Ka Kate Ke桲erry Co桟oralynJ桱ill Ca桟aroleKa: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of mono-logue thing, which was great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and. . . we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a . . . friend of mine . . . a ... a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she . . . insisted on bringing this friend of hers which . . . who she said I'd like to meet and ... I thought she was trying to fix us upand I said, "Please don't!" Um ... but she did bring this friend. Um . . . and ... we hit it off. And . . . after the wine bar we went to . . . to have a pizza and we all got . . . had a few more drinks and ... the other woman who . . . ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that I really liked and she ... I ordered a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were. . . sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order re-ally any pizza on the menu and . . . we'd both be happy. And . . . anyway we ended up living together and still are.Co; Um ... we met at a party and it was a fancy-dress party. A friend of mine'stwenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Al-ice in Wonderland and . . . this person, this guy that ... I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.J: Well ... I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and . . . unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to the cinema on time, so all my friends had gone in and I was left standing outside梩he film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And . . . there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and ... we talked quite a bit and he said, "Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon. " So we went down there and . . . well, we've been go-ing out ever since!Ca; I . . . I first met my partner . . . when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said, "Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and res-cue me. And that was it!Part III I jf First meetings IPart |YA Valentine storyKey words:correspond romance first meeting red rose test wisdomVocabulary:intrigue / insightful / budding / lapel / provocative / tuck / plump / thrust / uphold / grip / square / saluteA Listen to the first part of a Valentine story, then write an ending for the story.B Now listen to the last part of the story. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear and make a comparison between the ending you designed and the one you heard.I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment: "I'm Lieutenant John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?" The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile. "I don't know what this is about, son," she answered, " but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!" It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. Tapescript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uni-form, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thir-teen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the m;irgin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the pre-vious owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to corre-spond. The next day he was shippedoverseas for service in World War II. During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she re-fused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting?:00 p. m. at the Grand Central Station in New York. "You will recognize me," she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel. " So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. "Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. APart IV A Valentine storywoman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. . . She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away.I felt as though I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment; "I'm Lieutenant John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?" The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile. "I don't know what this is about, son," she answered, "but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!" It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. Shaping and Reshaping PersonalityWarming upKey words:constellation months dates Vocabulary:Part Jconstellation / Taurus / Virgo / Capricorn / Pisces / Aquarius / Leo / Cancer / Aries / Gemini / Sagittarius / centaur / Scorpio / LibraColumn BThe constellations are totally imaginary things that poets, farmers and as-tronomers have made up over the past 6,000 years and probably even more. Listen to the following information about 12 constellations and match Column A with Column B.Column AVIRGOTAURUSSCORPIOSAGITTARIUSPISCESLIBRALEOGEMINICAPRICORNCANCERARIESAQUARIUSJanuary 21桭ebruary 19February 20桵arch 20March 21桝pril 20April 21桵ay 21May 22桱une 21June 22桱uly 22July 23桝ugust 22August 23桽eptember 23September 24桹ctober 23 j. October 24桸ovember 22k. November 23桪ecember 21 1. December 22桱anuary 201?h) 2?d) 3?j) 4?k) 5?b) 6?i) 7?g) 8?e) 9?1) 10?f) 11?c) 12?a)Tapescript:TAURUS April 21桵ay 21 , represented by a bullVIRGO August 23桽eptember 23, represented by a young womanCAPRICORN December 22桱anuary 20, represented by a goatPISCES February 20桵arch 20, represented by two fishAQUARIUS January 21桭ebruary 19, represented by the water-bearerLEO July 23桝ugust 22, represented by a lionCANCER June 22桱uly 22, represented by a crabARIES March 21桝pril 20, represented by a ramGEMINI May 22桱une 21 , represented by twinsSAGITTARIUS November 23桪ecember 21 , represented by a centaur (= half human and half horse) shooting an arrowSCORPIO October 24桸ovember 22, represented by a scorpionLIBRA September 24桹ctober 23, represented by a pair of meas-uring scalesKey words:personality survey aggressive selfish kind patient jealousVocabulary:aggressive / raise the roofIn the following short dialogue, a man is trying to help a woman do a per-sonality survey. Listen carefully and complete the survey below by putting checks where proper.Aggressive Selfish Kind Patient JealousTapescript:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun. M: Oh, I don't know . . . W; Oh, come on . . . OK, here's the first one ?what should I put for"aggressive" ? M: Uh-oh ... I . . . I'd say "very. " W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, OK, so I'm a very aggressive driver . . . but . . . you have todrive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because . . . M: Uh . . . what's the next one? W; "Selfish. " M: Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well, . . . maybe just a little ... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other peo-ple, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess. M: OK, OK, so put "not very. " W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely" for the next one. W; What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you're an extremely kind person? W: I am? OK, if you say so. Oh, look at this next one. M: Oh, "patient" ! W: Yeah.M: Hmm ... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you're not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got. . . W: OK, OK. I get your point. I'll put "sort of. " M: OK, that's right.W: Next one . . . "jealous. " I guess I'm sort of jealous . . . M: Sort of? I'd put "very. " Remember how angry you got when my ex- girlfriend called the other day? 1 thought you're gonna raise the roof . . .W: All right, all right. "Very. "Oh, OK, what's the next one? That's all. That's all?Yeah. But now it's your turn. Key words:business successful a lost wallet movie shoppingVocabulary:smart / identificationNow listen to three conversations. Check the two adjectives that best de-scribe George, Karen, and Pam.George Karen PamTypescript:GeorgeW梂oman G桮eorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduate, George?G: I'm going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I'm going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes?I'm smart, I can organize people. And I'm full of ideas that can make money.KarenM: W: M: W-cK桲aren。

UNIT1Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members.Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.B SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532.483.34. The United States5.Canada6.October 18th7.No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorForty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."MsHeuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last? 8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?UNIT2Part II News ReportsA ...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people couldsuffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50liters 8. 500 litersUNIT3Part II News reportsA Summary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup 4 HSBC Banking Company -- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler 1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft 3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan. Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components.Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline. Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."UNIT4Part II News reportsASummary :… the smallest a nd most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A reddwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 timesthe mass of the earth.BEvent : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008 First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997 • Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecr afts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December • Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust andcondensatesGrand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.UNIT5Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!” “and I really like the taste of it”But we’re not just talking about taste. Research now shows that some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil ---- are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that mayoffer your body great protection against chronic disease“Including cancer, obesity, heart disease. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals.”Natalie Ledsma is a registered dietician at U. C. S. F. she says compounds found in super foods --- called phytochemicals ---- can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.One her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosema ry and thyme, and any intensly colored spice, like turmeric or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.”Turmeric many reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies. But not just nay green veggy.“Brussels sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolis m.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.“it is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with pr ostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamins C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid ---- antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed ---- both are excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.“soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart fight cancer, and help with asthma.BI.Harvard Medical SchoolII.Borderline high blood pressureIII.10 /7IV.Cardiovascular / by a quarterChances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1V.A: no more than 3 gramsB: fast foodC: labelsD: fresh fruit and vegetables听力原文：Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. Many reports, researchers at Harvard Medical School say the significant reduction in salt intake can cut the chances of heart disease and strokes by a quarter. Here isour health correspondent, Adam Brimelow.It’s long been known that cutting salt can reduce blood pressure. But there has been much less evidence of what it means for cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The Harvard team followed up people with borderline high blood pressure, who had taken in part in two salt reduction studies, typically cutting intake from 10 to 7 grams a day. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next decade or so was cut by a quarter compared with those who did not reduce their salt intake. And their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease fell by 5/1. In developed countries such as the United States and the UK, the average adult daily salt intake is about 10 grams. Much of this is already in the food that people buy, including processed foods and bread. Many experts say no one should have more than 3 grams. They say the best way to cut salt, is to get away from fast food, check labels and have plenty of fresh fruit and vegetable. Adam Brimelow reporting.UNIT6Part IIA:1.identify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,0002.A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes in every cellsC: produce chemical instructions the cell needs in order to build and run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or prevent B: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mind D: a scientific description IV controversy Abuse 2.warfare听力原文：The goal of the human genome project initiated in the early 1990s is to identify, catalog, map and analyze every one of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human body. If the multi-billion-dollar project is successful, its effects may be as fundamental to the human future as the discovery of fire and seed agriculture once were.To understand the significance of the human genome project, it is necessary to know that each gene is a piece of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Genes are located on chromosomes that in turn reside in every cell in arrangements similar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladder. The sequence of genetic rungs produces the chemical instructions the cells need in order to build and run the human body. By identifying the location and makeup of each gene, the genome project should help scientists cure orUNIT7Part II New Ways to communicateA11.When a friend is online2. 1.6milion3.3,0004.you can only contact someone (on the same network asyou. )using the same programugh out loud.A2Online / popular / take off / signing up / by / make upObvious / one very important disadvantage / bright / voice converstation / swap / funnyWhen you meet someone for the first time，do you ask their ASL? Do you LOL if they come out with something funny, and say CU L8er when you finish the conversation? If you know what I’m talking about, then you are probably already a user of instant messaging, or IM.The idea behind IM is simple. A program on your computer tells you when a friend is online. You can then send a message to your friend, who can type a reply instantly. To do this, you need an IM program. Worldwide, AIM, the instant messaging service provided by AOL, is by far the most popular. It has 195 million users who send about 1.6 billion messages every day. ICQ, which is owned by AOL, has about 140 million messengers, and MSN and Windows IM make up about 75 million users. The advantage over e-mail is that with instant messaging you know you’re likely to get a reply. IM is already hugely popular in the USA, where people spend five times more time online than in Europe. However, IM is starting to take off in the UK, with over 3,000 people signing up to MSN Messenger alone every day. While the plus points of IM are obvious, there is one very important disadvantage: you can only contact someone on the same network as you. If your friend is using AIM, and you are using MSN, you cannot talk to each other. This makes IM less useful than it should be. Imagine if you couldn’t send an e-mail form hotmail to yahoo. However, things look like they’ll change soon. In general, the future looks bright for IM. Lots of programs also allow you to have voice conversations, video conferencing ---- this means you can see the other person using a webcam ---- and also let you swap pictures, music and other files.So, perhaps we’ll all soon be asking someone’s age, sex and location (ASL), and laughing out loud (LOL) when they say something funny. See you later (CU L8er).B: How do you meet new people, make new friends, or find out about the latest bands? Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However there is a new generation growing up that finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net, using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website ---- a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meet other like-minded people.The most successful social networking website in the UK is MySpac . as of July 2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website, attracting almost 3 million visitors per month. Myspace claims to have 95 million members with 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become to successful? Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity. Each new member can build their own page simply --- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files. Then they describe themselves, listing their likes, dislikes, favorite bands, relatio nship status, etc. it’s an easy way to hook up with people who share your interest.Briana Dougherty, a 25-year-old MySpace devotee, told us, “It’s a casual way to stay in contact without appearing weird. ” it seems that many people do not feel comfortable giving out their phone number or personal e-mail address to new acquaintances but are perfectly happy to trade MySpace profilesWhile socializing is the key to MySpace’s success, love of music is at the heart of the community. Indeed, most aspiring musicians in the UK upload their songs to the site, and with good reason: unsigned artists, Arctic Monkeys and Lilly Allen created such a buzz on the site that they were offered recording contracts and scored number one hits.Social network sites could be a great place to practice your English. Why not give it a try? You can tell us about your experience by filing in the new comments form at the top of the screen.Statements:1.Most young people in the UK make new friends at work.2.Yahoo and Google are social networking sites.3.MySpace is one of the top five English-language website.4.New brands put their music on the web for people to listen to.ers of social networks usually pay for the service.UNIT8Part II eco-conscious constructionA The world’s first eco-city / off the coast Agricultural land / half a million / $1.3 billion / a sustainability consultant Sustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model / minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power / power and fertilizers / electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck bya series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room -- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heat no furnaceno air-conditioning solar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobe thermal mass milk-based paintceiling: galvanized inside wall: plaster no carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A--Alan J--Jones L--LoganA: Many environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future won't be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones recently visited a building site near Boulder and brings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, he'll tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the building's many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls -- if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat, but Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.J: In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.L: This room and the inside of this room- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted. The ceiling is made out of galvanized metal and the walls are plaster. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry, it involves doing it over and over many times in the lifetime of the building.J: And don't look for any carpeting in Logan's house.L: Well even if carpet is made from recycled material, it still can't be recycled the second time currently, so carpet virtually always gets thrown away. Also, most carpet gives off volatile organic compounds.J: Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well. The house won't be connected to a city water system. But he says the roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use. Logan is paying $75 a square foot to build his house, and estimates environmental features added 10 - 15% to the up-front costs. But he says he'll save money in the long run.L: In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months. A low-flow showerhead in most situations will pay for itself in a month.UNIT9PART IIIn 1888, Boston, Massachusetts, became the first American city to replace horse-drawn trolleys with electric streetcars. Streetcars, which look similar to train passenger coaches, clanged their bells, rattled around the corners and crried almost 14 billion riders at their height in 1920.old photos show overhead vires crisscrossing almost every US city. Then streetcars ridership replaced trolleys steadily as Americans took to automobiles and communities replaced trolleys with buses. But now it seems cities can’t lay streetcars tracks fast enough.So why is the number of US cities running streetcars and other light rail systems now up to 19? Why are 43 other cities building or drawing plans for light rail lines?Dan Tangherlini is acting dicrestor of Wanshington D.C.’s Transportation Department.:Many cities are beginning to re-evaluate that decision to move away from streetcars. We look at current bus ridership members, and many of the routes that have the highest bus ridership were some of our most popular streetcar routes. So there goes the notiong that the buses are providing increased flexibility, at least on those roads. And so maybe there’s something between the very expensive subway systems, which cost between 140 and 200 million dollars a mile and the bus route. And that’s what we’re beginning to ask.Streetcar lines cost less than 10 million dollars a mile to build. Washington is the latest city to announce it is studying the feasibility of bringing back streetcars, even though it already it already enjoys a fast-moving regional subway system called “metro” that runs through several parts of the city.Across country in Washington D.C., Bill Lind works for a conservative think tank called the Free Congress Foundation. The organization has printed several studies supporting light rail transit, including streetcars.“The old rationale for getting rid of the streetcars is that they get in the way of the automobiles. But what we found is that the automobile, generally with one person per car, is probably the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space you have on urban streets. If you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar, you’re doing a lot better job of making use of the street space you have.”Even if Washington’s transit department gets the green light to bring back streetcars, it’s likely to be at least ten years before Mr. Lind and his neighbor will be riding them. The city has to secure federal funding for a。

Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. Joh n Porter and Mary are brother and sister. Joh n Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joa n Lee are cous ins. James Porter is 24 and Joa n Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, compla in ‘request, praise.3.fatigue, in securities, foxhole, strik ing out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, dan ger, professi on al, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argume nt, los ingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in con trol, fear, did n't n eed, ought not to , could n't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom. obta in, our part ner, loved and respected, con trol.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japa n / 9.2% / arran ged marriages3% / betwee n blacks and whitesMany people in Wester n cultures choose their own wives and husba nds. In many other coun tries,spouse are ofte n chose n by the pare nts. In China and Japa n before thisthcentury (20 century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2percent of Japanesemarriages are now arran ged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woma n and that a certa in amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 perce nt of all marriages are betwee n blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religio n; this is a third com mon criteri on for choos ing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differe nces.Part II - B1.physical appearanee;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearanee3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortun ately in the in itial stages it's the physical appeara nee that attracts. I thi nk uni ess you find somebody attractive, uni ess there's someth ing about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you in terested eno ugh to find out more about that pers on, uni ess that's there I thi nk you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortun ately"?Because in fact it should n't be what somebody looks like that is importa nt. You should be able to look bey ond he physical appeara nee and see what sort of a pers on he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magaz ines and n ewspapers and son on, the idea of falli ng love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall i n love. Do youthink this is mislead ing for people? Do you think people expect somethi ng that in fact does n't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think no w, is n't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relatio nship with a very roma ntic view of love which I think has bee n created by the pop son gs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartla nd no vels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet some one, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beg inning, they live happily eve n after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's no t like that.So what is it, do you thi nk, that really susta ins a relati on ship, that keeps a relati on ship goin g?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emoti on and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with sharedexperiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that n eeds time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I thi nk that's what makes a relati on ship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life, as the "just-right" wife for him,defi niti on of what the "just-right"wife is, the milli on aire man and the poor man , her physical qualities, differe nt words, by her physical qualities, in two differe nt atmospheres, also have their defi niti on of the "just-right" wife, the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ mono logue pizza the man dressed as Cheshire Cat coin cide nee/ he'd also missed the film fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herScript:Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diam ond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of in terest ing, so I stopped. There were n't very many people watch ing. And there was this guy and he was n't really very good-look ing, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry himafter talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was preside nt of the stude nt body and he asked me out an d...we've got our picture in the yearbook together hold ing han ds, Part IIIA baseball diam ondA wi ne barA fan cy-dress partyOutside a cin emaA boat/ the river bankand it's really ni ce.Ke: Well, I'd arran ged to have a drink with a frie nd of mine, a woma n frie nd of mine who's aplat on ic friend of mine. And she in sisted on bringing this frie nd of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woma n who en ded up orderi ng a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relatio nship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And any way we en ded up liv ing together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and en ded up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to sta nding outside--the film had started. So I was n't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one has n't started at the Odeon." So we went dow n there and we've bee n going out ever sin ce!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, sta nding and look ing gen erally into the dista nee and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catch ing this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaura nt, test, un dersta nd and admireScript:Joh n Bia nchard stood up from the ben ch, straighte ned his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he kn ew, but whose face he did n't, the girl with the rose. His in terest in her had beg un thirtee n mon ths before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and in sightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous own er's n ame, Miss Hollis May nell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falli ng on a fertile heart. A roma nee was buddi ng. Bla nchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it would n't matter what she looked like. When the day fin ally come for him to return from Europe,they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the stati on look ing for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd n ever see n. I' II let Mr Bla nchard tell you what happe ned.A young woma n was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked un der a worn hat. She was more tha n plump, her thick-a nkled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the gree n suit was wak ing quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gen tle and sen sible, her gray eyes had a warm and kin dly twin kle. I did not hesitate. My fin gers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-1, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn ....... by a goat.4.Pisces .......... by two fish.5.Aquarius ........ by the water-bearer.6.Leo ............. by a lion7.Cancer ............. by a crab8.Aries ............... by a ram9.Gemini .............. by twins10.Sagitarusby a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio ............by a scorption12.Libra ..............by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first on e--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next o ne?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You kno w, I mean, I try to thi nk of other people, but sometimes I do just thi nk of myself, I guess. M: Ok,Ok, so put " not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "ki nd"?M: Yes. Don't you thi nk you are an extremely kind pers on?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this n ext one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your poi nt.门I put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next on e..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and hon estSelfish and un reliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: r m going to start my own bus in ess.W: Oh, really? What type of busi ness?G: Well, I have n't decided yet, but I know ril be successful in any thi ng I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top bus in ess people in tow n in less tha n five years. Just wait and see! I have everythi ng it takes --I am smart, I can orga nize people. And I am full of ideas that can make mon ey.Kare nK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the policestation and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing toni ght, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going.I think I will go shopp ing in stead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really n eed some new clothes. I have n't bought any for n early a mon th! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1.Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3.In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1.Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussi ons/in terested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2.Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a goodand happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ could n't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussi ona. close nessb. good behaviorc. definite, strict, kind and thoughtfuld. rewardse. democratic, respectedf. importa nee, take n awayTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functionsThey have also studied the developme nt of the pers on ality, for example, how a baby lear ns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have in vestigated the developme nt of self-esteem. Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their frie nds.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relati ons with other people. In discussi ons, they led. They did n't just liste n. They were in terested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were differe nt from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of an ger. In a discussi on, they liste ned, but they did n't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depe nd upon physical appeara nee, or mon ey, or size of family. It did not depe nd upon how much the mother was at home. Thescientists found that there was a closenessbetween the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were importa nt to their pare nts. These pare nts dema nded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by puni shme nt. They n ever took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They b. a lmost any thi ng c. no definite d. harsh puni shme ntf. did n't love themboys believed that their pare nts did n't love them. There were no defi nite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their childre n's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these childre n can become productive citize ns too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from men tal,Anyone, ten , develop ing,80 perce nt, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walk ing, 30, four, improve, physical, traditi on al, hour, talk ing, doctors, Discussi on, ways, problemsEducati on, un dersta nd.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingMani fest an ger vent an ger on somebodyDump an gerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get an ger. 「ve quite a long tether whe n it comes to an ger, which does n't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppress ing any an ger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or somethi ng and the guy beh ind the coun ter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any an ger.Speaker 2Well, my an ger is tied up with my sleepless ni ghts. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the mornin g, I am an gry. I use any excuse to vent my an ger on an ybody.If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless ni ghts, I'm full of an ger and my an ger does not ebb away uni ess I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admissi on to make to everybody here. If rm look ing for excuses for hav ing woke n up in a particularly bad way, in a way, an geris someth ing that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weep ing, and like cryin g. I believe in dump ing it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaugh ing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or an gry, they can go out into the gym or someth ing which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spe nd twenty minu tes pun chi ng hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughi ng the n. That made me laugh. C:Well that's one way of deali ng with an ger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassify ing and orga nizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one ano therRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importanee, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distanee, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No pun ctuati onOutli ning, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1.in your imagi nati onthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the start ing point2.expect to winfulfill the visio n3.opport un ityrecog ni ze, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results orie nted3. ope n-min ded4. in the decisi on process5. pare ntal and citize n6. inno vati on and excelle nee7. the develpme nt8. Cooperati on9. stude nts n eeds10. ideas and pla ns11. high quality performa nee12. directly and clearly13. continu ous professi onal developme nt14. their backgro und or positi on15. a consen sus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the positi on19. pers onal in tegrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English uni versityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner,drugs, beaten, attacked,came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine stude nt, be rewardedbringing up 3 childre n physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her back a headmistress en ergy, self-publicistTape script: Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's man aged to bring up three childre n - excelle ntly - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The pers on that I can think of withi n my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold Part II - AA1mum,physical disabilities,an actorA2F T F Fher back any more than is obviously necessarybecauseof her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overco ming a difficulty.Speaker 3I th ink, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up hav ing a han dicap, so I've got quite a lot admirati on to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is un doubtedly a very good actor. I've not see n him on stage, I've see n him on film and he's got an eno rmous amount of en ergy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.Whe n the sec ond speaker was in terviewed, the successful pers on that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subord in ate positi ons, serious resp on sibility, threshold, broom, sweep ing out, salutary bran ch, future part ner, try his hand, sweepersobta in employme nt, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the top prime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the most scattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take no tice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concen trati onPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingMani fest an ger vent an ger on somebodyDump an gerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get an ger. 「ve quite a long tether whe n it comes to an ger, which does n't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppress ing any an ger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or somethi ng and the guy。

走一步再走一步英语作文Step by step, we navigate the twists and turns of life. Each stride we take shapes our journey, painting a vivid picture of our experiences and ambitions. The phrase "走一步再走一步" embodies the essence of perseverance and resilience. It underscores the importance of moving forward, even when the path seems uncertain or challenging.Life is a series of steps, each one propelling us closer to our goals. Just like climbing a staircase, we must ascend one step at a time, without rushing or faltering. Every step we take builds upon the last, creating a sturdy foundation for our dreams and aspirations. It is through this incremental progress that we inch closer to success, steadily advancing towards the life we envision for ourselves.In the face of adversity, the mantra "走一步再走一步" serves as a guiding light, reminding us to stay focused and determined. When obstacles loom large and doubts cloud our minds, it is crucial to maintain our composure and keep moving forward. By taking each step deliberately and with purpose, we demonstrate our resilience and commitment to overcoming any challenges that stand in our way.Moreover, the principle of "走一步再走一步" extends beyond individual pursuits to encompass collective endeavors as well. In a world marked by uncertainty and rapid change, progress isoften incremental, requiring patience and perseverance from all involved. Whether in the workplace, community, or society at large, the act of moving forward together, one step at a time, can lead to remarkable achievements and lasting impact.Ultimately, the journey of life is not a sprint but a marathon, demanding endurance and perseverance from start to finish. By embracing the philosophy of "走一步再走一步," we acknowledge the power of consistent effort and incremental progress in shaping our destinies. With each step we take, we chart a course towards a brighter future, fueled by our determination to forge ahead, no matter the challenges that lie ahead.In conclusion, "走一步再走一步" encapsulates the spirit of resilience, perseverance, and determination that propels us forward in life. By heeding this simple yet profound wisdom, we can navigate the complexities of existence with grace and fortitude, knowing that every step we take brings us closer to our goals. So let us embrace each moment, each stride, with unwavering resolve, for it is through these incremental movements that we shape our paths and fulfill our destinies.。

Unit 1 Happy Family LifeSp eakingTopic 1 春节词汇 Spring Festival Words 节日名 Greeting season 春节 The Spring Festival 农历 lunar calendar正月 lunar January; the first monili by lunarcalendar除夕 New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year 初一 the beginning of New Year 元宵节 TheLantern Festival 习俗 Customs过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对联pMic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in pociry 春联 Spring Festival couplets 剪纸 paper-cuts年画 New Year paintings 买年货 specialpurchascs for the Spring Festival: do Spring Festival shopping 敬洒 灯笼 烟花 爆竹propose a toast lantern: a portablc light fireworksfirecrackers (People scare off evilspirits and ghosts with the loud pop.) 舞狮 lion dance (Tlie lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.) 舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harves ⑸traditional operavariety show: vaudeville riddles written on lanterns exhibit of lanterns staying-up pay New Yeafs call: give New Year's 戏曲 杂耍灯谜 灯会 守岁 拜年greetings: New Year's visit禁忌taboo去晦气 gel rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors 压岁钱 red envelopes/red packels/a cash gift ： giftmoney; money given to children aslunar New Year gift 辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year 扫 房 sp ring cleaning: general house-cleaning 祝福语Blessings 金玉满堂 生意兴隆 岁岁平安 恭喜发财 和气生财 心想事成 吉祥如意Treasures fill the home Business flourishesPeace all year round Wishing you prosperity Harmony brings wealthMay all your wishes come true Everything goes well国泰民安 The country flourishes and people livein peace招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful 一帆风顺 步步高升 岀入平安Wishing you every success Promoting to a higher positionSafe trip wherever you go祝您新的一年快乐幸福！ Wish you happiness andprosperiiy in the coming year! 祝您事业成功，家庭美满Wish you success in your career andhappiness of your family!食品Food年糕 Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake 团圆饭family reunion dinner 年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve 饺子 Jiao-zi: Chinese meal ravioli汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumpHngs made of sweet rice,rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings 糖果盘candy tray什锦糖 assorted candies - sweet and fortune 蜜冬瓜 candied winter melon - growth and goodhealth金扌吉 cumquat ・prosperity 糖莲子 candiedlotus seed - many descendents to come糖藕 candied lotus root - fulfilling love rclationshipTraditions and cultures of Spring FestivalTlie Spring Festival is the most importam festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from (he Spring Festival Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar montlh often one month lalcr than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c ・ 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.Strictly spcaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese governmeni now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New YearMany customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened. On the Sth day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko,Tlie 23rd day of the 12lh lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year This is called "Seeing the New Year in".Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil. rice, flour chicken, duck, fish and meal, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as ihcir clothes, bedclothes and ail their utensils.Tlicn people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners* wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of (he god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.The Chinese character 'lu*" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character pul on papcr can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes”, both being pronounced as *'fudaole?' What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door Red paper-cutlings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be pin on the wall.People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations. respectively "'yu" and "doufu." mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner the whole family will sit together纟I ：枣 red dates ・prosperiiy 花生糖 peanut candy ・ sweetchatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up lo see the New Year in.Waking up on New Year everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi. or dumpHngs. for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi” in sound means "bidding farewell lo the old and ushering in the new”. Also, (he shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. S o people eat them and wish for money and treasure.Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a horn op hone, niangao means "higher and highe r. one year after another" The first five days after the Spring Fesiival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.Burning fireworks was once the most lypicai custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government look security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement. some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to. some break little balloons to get the sound too. while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.Tlie lively atmosphcrc not only fills every household, but permeates lo streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished. China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.Useful words and expressionsfamily 家庭 spouse 配偶 single 单身 life span 寿命 marriage life 婚姻生活 bachelor 单身汉 spinster 老处女 courtship 求爱lad 少年，少女female friend 女性 朋友 play house 过家家 hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 puppy love 初恋 friendship 友 谊 engagement 订婚 fianc6 未婚夫 fianede 未婚妻 wedding ceremony 婚礼honeymoon 蜜月newlyweds 新姬夫 妇 husband 丈夫 wife 妻子 happiness 幸 福 moiher-in-law 婆遊 dowry 嫁妆 mama's boy 没有男子气概的男人 1・跟别人要钱mooch off someone 我最讨厌跟別人要钱的人了。

Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom.obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In Chinaand Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other.I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's. Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herScript:Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standingoutside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fellin the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireScript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt thatif he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirelyforgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.......I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt chocked by the bitterness of my disappointment: “I’m Lieutenant John Blanchard. I’m so glad you could meet me; may I take you Take you to dinner?” The woman’s face broadened into a tolerate smile.. “I don’t know what this is about ,son ,” she answered, ‘but the young lady in the green suit who just went by ,she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said this is kind of test!Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun. M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are,right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got...W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner?I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reporteda lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going. I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month!M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problems Education, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punchbags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they goback to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imagination,/think into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to win/fulfill the vision3. opportunity/recognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance 12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her back a headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself isa deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2原文To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash fund; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure always within revenue; lastly, be not impatient, for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”Part III- A原文Adrienne, The United State sWhat are my best qualities? This is a difficult question for someone to answerI think, but I'll give it a shot. I think my best qualities are probably that I havea good sense of humor. I genuinely like people and I like talking to people and I like to be entertaining if i can possibly be.Conrad, The United StatesWhat is my best quality? I'd say my best quality is my friendliness. I always try to be positive and polite and friendly to people who I meet, especially the first time and I try to continue that but regardless of who they are I try to give them, you know, treat them friendly. I enjoy being friendly, so it's not really work to me. It's just part of my personality.Lisa, CanadaWhat are my best qualities? My best qualities are the fact that I am a good friend. I'm considerate and caring. I'm a good listener. I can always... I'm always there to hear if my friends having a bad day or just really needs to talk, and I think I'm just really nice, even though I'm not always nice to everyone. To the people I really care and love, I will always put them into an important.... I will always make them very important in my life.。

Unit 2 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:1. According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.2. When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.3. The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.4. The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 11Part ITask A8000 miles93 million miles365.25(365 1/4) days864,000 miles; more than 1 million timesaround 6000℃; over 10 million℃thermonuclear processesgives out light; reflects the rays of the sunTask B1. It was launched to fly to the International Space StationOne of Discovery’s fuel tank sensors failed a test2. It has made some of the most detailed pictures ever taken of the planet Jupiter3. They agreed to a new definition of planeteight instead of ninethe dwarf planet4. to make repairs and add new equipment5. small aircraft / very light jetThe new planes will cost up to 50% less than business jets now on the market 6. to provide electricity for science experimentsnext month7. a living room and a command center8. Pathfinder’s 30-day mission on Mars is a 100% success9. NASAat the end of September, 83 days after its landing10. to get a closer look at the most volcanic body in solar systemPart IITask A344 light years huge (like Jupiter)Task B1. F2. F3. T4. FPart IIIthe Compton Gamma Ray Observatoryfall from its orbita remote area in the Pacific Oceandeaths and injuries from the falling debris1. 9 years2. 16 metric tons3. 6 tons4. About 4000 kilometers southeast of Hawaii5. 4100 kilometers long and 26 kilometers wide6. Because one of its three stabilizing gyroscopes had failed in December7. It changed astronomer’s view of the heavens after showing that the entire universe is bathed in the invisible gamma rays.。