2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able tosneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author belie ves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the prot ection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GD P measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case withall countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measu re of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as aRolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constit uents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying, and informati on about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step for ward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himselfshorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmout h, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Di ckens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his la bor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dich ens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English intothe primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefitsto your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared。

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author belie ves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the prot ection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GD P measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measu re of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constit uents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informati on about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment bygovernment—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step for ward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmout h, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even lessstatus, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Di ckens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his la bor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dich ens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and internationalbusiness process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of。

2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Text 1First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes答案：21-25 ACDDC21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。

2017年考研英语一（答案及解析）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually__14___ with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1. [A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite2. [A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior3. [A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice4. [A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep5. [A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving6. [A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of7. [A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed8. [A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out9. [A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated10. [A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required11. [A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even12. [A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests13. [A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized14. [A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared15. [A]assess [B]generate [C]moderate [D]record16. [A]in the name of [B] in the form of [C] in the face of [D] in the way of17. [A]attribute [B]commit [C]transfer [D]return18. [A]unless [B]because [C]though [D]until19. [A]remains [B]emerges [C]vanishes [D]decreases20. [A]experiences [B]combines [C]justifies [D]influences完型答案：1-5: ACBAD 6-10: ADCDC 11-15: DBBCB 16-20:CABADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly disputethis.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.答案 A[答案解释] 根据题干关键词 The Crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 定位到第一段第 3 句。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1helping you feel close and 2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,awarm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter.In a recent study5over400health adults,researchersfrom Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12.notes “Hugging p rotects people who are under stressfrom the13risk for colds that’ｓusually14with stress,”Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.”Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the releaseof oxytocin,often called 18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their“the b onding hormone”newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests1。

2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 diff iculty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since thebeginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sport s events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to theheavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longerenough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlyingr epresentative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption th at public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” broug ht tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by theten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his fa ther’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nich olas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )Answer1．【答案】[B] Besides2．【答案】[A] connected3．【答案】[D] host4．【答案】[C] avoid5．【答案】[B] involving6．【答案】[D] on7．【答案】[B] exposed8．【答案】[C] down9．【答案】[A] calculated10．【答案】[D] explained11．【答案】[A] Even12．【答案】[B] symptoms13．【答案】[D] increased14．【答案】[B] associated15．【答案】[C] generate16．【答案】[A] in the face of17. 【答案】[C] attribute18．【答案】[A] because19．【答案】[C] remains20．【答案】[D]influences21.【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.22.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.【答案】[A] faster.24.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25.【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution26.【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27.【答案】[A] its geographical features28.【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29.【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30.【答案】[D] full approval.31.【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP32.【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .33.【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .34.【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .35.【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson36.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37.【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.40.【答案】[D] supportive【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题精解S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n g l i s h总体分析来源:U S N e w s a n d W o r l dR e p o r t‘美国新闻与世界报道“2016.02.03㊂全文围绕 拥抱有益于身心健康 这一观点,从心理和生理两个角度分析了原因㊂试题精解1.与 不同[B]除 之外(还)[C]尽管[D]遍及;贯穿[解析]h e l p i n gy o u f e e l c l o s e(感到 亲密)与b r i n g a...o f h e a l t hb e n e f i t s(带来健康益处)对应上文k e e p t h e d o c t o r a w a y,故空格句与上文为解释说明关系,逗号前后均说明 拥抱益处 ,故为同向并列关系,[B]B e s i d e s符合要求,体现 居然还有益于 的意味,契合r e s o u n d i n g暗含的 惊诧 语气㊂2.[A]关系紧密的[B]受限制的,受约束的[C]平等的[D]差的,次的[解析]空格词和c l o s e由并列连词a n d连接,可以推知两者语义方向一致,表明拥抱使人们感到与其关心的人之间关系亲近,选项中符合要求的只有[A]c o n n e c t e d㊂3.[A]选择;选择范围[B]看法;方式[C]课;教训[D]大量,许多[解析]a o f后为复数形式(h e a l t hb e n e f i t s),因此空格部分在内容上应表示 多项健康益处 ,同时在语法上必须能够接复数,选项中符合要求的只有[D]h o s t㊂注:ah o s t o f表示 许多,大量 ㊂4.[A]回想,回忆起[B]忘记;遗忘[C]避免,防止[D]保持;继续[解析]B e l i e v e i t o r n o t表明尽管 每日拥抱让人远离医生(疾病) 会令人惊讶,但确凿无疑,e v e n递进表明 拥抱对远离疾病的神奇作用 ,因此空格部分只能表达 有助于不生病 之意,[C]a v o i d正确㊂5.[A]收集;使集合[B](使)参加,加入[C]带领;指导[D]影响;打动[解析]s t u d y㊁r e s e a r c h e r s㊁e x a m i n e d表明本句介绍实验内容,o v e r400h e a l t h y a d u l t s为实验 研究对象 ,[B]i n v o l v i n g(使某人参与某事)正确㊂[D]a f f e c t i n g表示 影响 ,但该句并非介绍实验影响㊂6.[A]表所属[B]表方位[C]表方位或时间[D]表对象[解析]由上段末 拥抱有助于避免生病 可知,研究者测试的是 社会支持与拥抱 对 感冒易感性 的影响,能与e f f e c t s连用,引出受影响对象的为[D]o n㊂[A](e f f e c t s)o f后为影响的施动者,非受动者㊂7.[A]奉献[B]使暴露于;使遭受[C]丢失;被打败[D]吸引[解析]由常识可知, 接触到病毒 会引发感冒㊂另外, 病毒 为负面事物,空格词还需要能接负面事物㊂[B](b e)e x p o s e d(t o s t h)表示 暴露于(不利情况) ,为正确项㊂8.[A]被理解;提供[B]偶尔出现;跟随[C]患;染上[D]说出[解析]上段表明 拥抱有助于人们避免生病 ,上句将 拥抱 和 感知社会支持 归于一类,故此处想说明 患病几率更低 ,c o m e w i t ha c o l d应表示 患感冒 ,[C](c o m e)d o w n(w i t hs t h)正确㊂9.[A]计算;估计[B]否认,否定[C]怀疑,不确信[D]想象;设想[解析]t h a t b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t回指 感知到更多社会支持的人得感冒的可能性更小 ,即 社会支持和拥抱对健康的积极影响 ,而由段首句研究目的 了解拥抱对患病几率的影响 以及本句r e s e a r c h e r s㊁32 p e r c e n t可知,该句为对 拥抱积极影响 的量化评估,即32%是由实验估算而来,[A]c a l c u l a t e d正确㊂10.[A]起作用[B]需要;要求[C]恢复;使复原[D]解释;说明 的原因[解析]s t r e s s i n g-r e d u c i n g e f f e c t s(内在具体作用)和b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t(外在宽泛影响)间为因果关系,即拥抱的 减压作用 说明其为何会 降低感冒几率 ,[D]e x p l a i n e d正确,表示 该作用占总影响的32% ㊂11.[A]甚至;即使[B]仍然;不过[C]更确切地说;相反,而是[D]因此;因而[解析]上句指出拥抱对 未患病人群 的疾病预防作用,本句针对 患病人群 ,由h a d l e s s s e v e r e...1推测本句表明拥抱对疾病的缓解作用,补充并强调出人意料的作用:就算已生病,仍有积极作用,符合文意的只有[A]E v e n㊂[B]S t i l l表强调时用于s t i l lm o r e/f u r t h e r(更多㊁更进一步)结构中,[C]R a t h e r用于 纠正或补充信息 或 提出不同观点 ,[D]T h u s引出结果,文中并非 纠正补充㊁对比 或 因果 逻辑㊂12.[A]失败;击败[B]症状;征兆[C]测验;考验[D]错误,谬误[解析]上题分析已知空格句表明 拥抱对感冒的缓解作用 ,h a d l e s s s e v e r e 和上句w e r e l e s s l i k e l y t o...相对,故空格词只能表示 (感冒的)具体病状 之意,[B]s y m p t o m s正确㊂13.[A]最小化的[B]突出的,强调的[C]限制的,控制的[D]增加的;增强的[解析]由p r o t e c t s...f r o m...(保护 免受 )可知,f r o m后应为 危险㊁伤害 等负面事物,再结合常识 压力大的人患病几率相对较高 ,[D]i n c r e a s e d语义等同于g r e a t e r㊁h i g h e r,为正确项㊂14.[A]配备;使能够胜任[B]联系;与 有关[C]提供;引起[D]比较;对比[解析]空格所在部分为t h a t定语从句修饰r i s kf o r c o l d s(患感冒的风险):增加的感冒风险通常压力㊂上段②句表明 拥抱的减压作用是降低感冒发生几率的部分原因 ,因此两者间存在因果关系,即压力越大,患病几率越大,[B]a s s o c i a t e d(有逻辑或因果关联)正确㊂[C]p r e s e n t e d表示 引起,造成 时,常用于p r e s e n t s bw i t hs t h/p r e s e n t s t h结构中, 给患病风险带来压力问题 显然错误㊂15.[A]评价;估计[B]缓和;使适中[C]产生,创造[D]记录;记载[解析]上段将 拥抱(h u g g i n g) 和 感受到社会支持(p e r c e i v e d s o c i a l s u p p o r t) 反复并提,说明它们对疾病的积极作用;本句引用专家说法重申拥抱的意义,只能表达 拥抱会让人们觉得时刻有外界的支持和帮助 的语义,即 产生㊁生成这种感觉 ,[C]g e n e r a t e正确㊂16.[A]面对[B]以 的形式[C]按照;关于[D]代表 ;为了[解析]从已知信息 他人随时会帮忙 和 困难 可大致推断f e e l i n g的具体内容为:在遇到困难时, (预感)外界会帮忙或支持;i n t h e f a c e o f表示 在面对问题/困难的情况下 ,故[A]正确㊂17.[A]转移;调动[B]承诺;忠于;投入[C]把 归因于 [D]返回;送回[解析]上文 拥抱表明关系亲密,有助于产生被支持感(从而减缓压力) 暗示 拥抱发挥作用的关键在于它能加强亲密感 ,再结合空格句后半句 荷尔蒙促进关系亲密感 ,推知 荷尔蒙是拥抱作用背后的生理因素 ,a t t r i b u t e表示 把 归因于 ,常用于a t t r i b u t eAt oB的结构,[C]符合文意㊂18.[A]因为;由于[B]除非;如果不[C]虽然;不过[D]直到 为止[解析]空格后说明 荷尔蒙对人际关系的积极影响 ,由上题得知空格前为 专家认为拥抱的积极作用得益于荷尔蒙 ,前后为因果关系,即拥抱时产生的荷尔蒙会加强亲密感(减压),[A]b e c a u s e正确㊂19.[A]出现;显露[B]突然不见,消失[C]仍然是;继续存在[D]减少,降低[解析]由s o m e o f i t和B u t s o m e o f i t可知,空格句与上句存在语义转折,因而本句应该符合 一些没有进入血液 的逻辑,[B]v a n i s h e s和[C]r e m a i n s似乎都符合,但空格后w h e r e i t(O x y t o c i n)...a n d p h y s i o l o g y暗示该激素还有其功用,不会突然消失,故文意只能是 一些留在大脑 ,[C]r e m a i n s正确㊂20.[A]经历;体验[B](使)结合[C]证明 正确[D]影响,对 起作用[解析]上文 拥抱的减压功能得益于催产素的释放 表明, 留在大脑中的催产素 和 心情㊁行为和生理机能 应该是 影响V S被影响 的关系,[D]i n f l u e n c e s符合文意㊂全文翻译能让你远离医生吗?答案也许是响亮的 是! 除了有助于让人们感到和自己关心的人亲密无间外,拥抱竟然能够给身心带来许多健康益处㊂信不信由你,一个热情的拥抱甚至可能有助于人们在这个冬天避免生病㊂在最近一项400余名健康成人参与的研究中,来自宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员就 感知到社会支持和受到拥抱 对参与者接触病毒后感冒易感性的影响进行了研究㊂当人们感知到更多社会支持时,他们患感冒的可能性更小,研究人员估算,在有助于降低感冒几率的有益影响因素中,拥抱的减压效果大约占了32%㊂甚至在那些患了感冒的人中,感受到更多社会支持且更频繁受到拥抱的人的症状也要更轻一些㊂2卡耐基大学的心理学教授谢尔登㊃科恩指出, 拥抱保护身处压力之下的人们免受更大的感冒风险,而这一风险通常与压力相关 ㊂拥抱 是亲密的标识,且在面对困难的时候有助于产生一种他人会施以援手的感觉 ㊂一些专家将拥抱的减压㊁与健康相关的益处归功于催产素(通常称作 黏合荷尔蒙 )的释放,因为它能促进人们关系的依恋,包括母亲和新生儿之间的依恋㊂催产素主要产于大脑的中下部,其中一些释放进入血液中㊂但是一些则留在大脑中,对情绪㊁行为和生理机能产生影响㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1总体分析来源:T h eW a s h i n g t o nP o s t‘华盛顿邮报“2016.05.22㊂全文围绕 机场安检耗时太久 这一民生问题展开讨论,敦促T S A以及国会积极解决问题提高安检效率㊂全文脉络:提出问题(第一段) 分析问题影响及原因(第二至四段) 提出建议(第五至七段)㊂试题精解21.作者提及埃及航空804航班是为了㊂[A]解释美国民众对于现行安检的容忍[B]强调加强全球安全的紧迫性[C]强调美国主要机场升级的必要性[D]强调隐私保护的重要性[锁定答案]由T h e c r a s h...定位至第二段②句㊂p r o v i d e s a n o t h e r t r a g i c r e m i n d e ro fw h y(A m e r i-c a n s a r ew i l l i n g t o t o l e r a t e t i m e-c o n s u m i n g s e c u r i t y p r o c e d u r e s)表明 因果 关联:坠机悲剧再次提示航空旅行风险,因此为了安全,美国人情愿忍受费时的安检程序,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]将 航空旅行安全问题 放大为 全球安全问题 ㊂[C]从第五段①句r e m o d e l i n g a i r-p o r t s推出 作者呼吁改造机场 ,但全句表示的是 无需改造机场或 的一项措施(w o u l dn o t r e-q u i r e...) ㊂[D]将第二段末句p r i v a t e l i v e s(个人生活)过度引申为p r i v a c y(个人隐私)㊂[提炼思路]事例的本质是 论据 ,因此解题切忌囿于事例本身,必须确定其所服务的对象(论点),通过体现 例证关系 的关键词搜寻观点句,最后结合主题验证判断㊂本题关键词p r o v i d e r e m i n d e ro f w h y为缩略形式,只能是承上文而来,由此推断事例在于解释 人们为何支持安检 ,再结合首段内容 安检日益费时 判断全文主题涉及 安检 ,干扰项均脱离该内容㊂22.以下哪项促成主要机场候机时间长?[A]针对随身携带行李的新限制措施㊂[B]T S A的效率降低㊂[C]旅客数量增加㊂[D]频繁的突击秘密调查㊂[锁定答案]第三段②句指出, 安检措施加强 ,连同 旅客人数增加 ,是导致候机时间长的原因, [C]符合其中第二项内容,为正确项㊂[排除干扰][A]把第四段③句 乘客随身行李过多 反向曲解为 针对随身行李有了新限制 ㊂[B]将第四段①句 T S A未及时配备足够安检员 曲解为 T S A效率降低 ㊂[D]将第三段①句 某次秘密调查 偷换为 多次㊁突击的秘密调查 ㊂[提炼思路]因果题解题关键在于要熟知各种因果标志词,确定孰因孰果,再与选项核对匹配㊂本题题干给出结果 主要机场等候时间长 ,就 原因 发问㊂第三段②句h a v e r e s u l t e d i n提示两个因素:1㊁安全措施加强;2㊁旅客人数增加,随后第四段的P a r t o f t h e i s s u e㊁A n o t h e r f a c t o r...又列举三个因素:1㊁管理部门准备不足;2㊁机场空间有限;3㊁乘客随身行李太多㊂最后逐一比对选项确定答案㊂23.e x p e d i t e d(第五段,第四行)的词义最接近㊂[A]更安静的[B]更便宜的[C]更宽的[D]更快的3[锁定答案]第五段③句介绍预检计划的具体内容,即 通过背景调查的乘客可使用 的安检通道 ,④句指出预检计划(背景调查)筛选出来的 高风险乘客 成为T S A的重点检查对象,最终 为所有人节省时间 ,可见e x p e d i t e d应与 节省时间有关 ,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]由 旅客人数激增 主观臆断而来,但通道 安静与否 与 解决安检费时问题 并无关联㊂[B]用第四段末句 旅客想规避的行李托运费 以及第六段所述问题 过高的预检计划加入费 干扰,但文中并未提及 机场安检通道需要收费 ㊂[C]把第四段②句 机场空间限制导致安检通道数量不足 偷换为 通道宽度不够 ㊂[提炼思路]词义推断题要求学生根据上下文语义或逻辑关系推断词义㊂第五段③④句分别介绍两种乘客情况:背景无问题的有权使用 特殊 通道;背景有问题的重点检查,从而为所有人节省时间;因此只有 特殊 对等 快速 ,才能契合上下文 预检计划有助提升安检效率 的主旨㊂24.预检计划的问题之一在于㊂[A]其规模大幅缩减[B]其实施受到错误的指导[C]政府不愿支持它[D]加入的费用不合理[锁定答案]第六段首句指出,预检计划远未达到预期目标,一大问题在于s t i c k e r s h o c k,由④句 即将进行的改革将使价格降至更合理水平 可反推s t i c k e r s h o c k意为 价格过高 ,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]中r e d u c t i o n涉及 由大到小 的过程,从①句前半句 预检实际参与人数远未达到预期 无从推知㊂[B]由③句 预检标价过高从一开始就很致命 而来,但末句建议 国会应为预检提供资金以降低价格 侧面表明标价高源于成本太高,并非是谁指导有误㊂[C]从⑤句建议内容C o n g r e s s s h o u l d...推出 国会不支持预检项目 ,但显然与④句 马上到来的改革可能会让价格合理 相矛盾㊂[提炼思路]事实细节题考查考生掌握文章细节的能力,干扰项通常歪曲原文细节,过度推断,或主观臆断㊂本题干扰项[A]将原文的 理想V S现实间的数量落差 曲解为 规模缩小 ,[B]主观臆断 T S A 指导不当 ,[C]把 作者敦促国会直接资助预检计划 歪曲为 国会不支持预检计划 ㊂25.下列哪项最适合做本文的标题?[A]为了更多安全,少些安检[B]预检 迟来的对策[C]困在安检队伍的长龙里[D]未被充分利用的预检通道[锁定答案]首段提出问题 机场安检越来越费时 ,第二段分析问题影响 对个人生活和经济都是拖累 ,第三㊁四段分析问题成因,第五至七段提出建议,因此全文围绕 安检等候时间太长,旅客苦不堪言 这一问题展开论述,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]中的f o rM o r eS a f e t y表明重心在于 安全 ,论述应该围绕 如何加强空旅安全 展开㊂[B]中B e l a t e d看似符合末段 早该让安检计划发挥效用(l o n gp a s t t i m e...) ,但该词针对 安检计划的作用 ,而非 计划本身 ,该计划早就存在,只是价格过高导致执行不力㊂[D]只是全文 解决问题 环节,无力涵盖全篇㊂[提炼思路]主旨题难点在于干扰项排除,可以借助 反向思考法 ,即反向思考选项所代表的文意重点,再和过滤出的主题进行比对㊂[A]对应 加强安全的办法 ;[B]对应 预检来得太晚了 ,暗示已无力回天,不符合文中事实以及积极立意;[D]对应 预检通道为何未被充分利用㊁如何改进 ㊂全文翻译起先是两小时,如今是三小时 这是官方建议搭乘国内航班的乘客需提前抵达机场的时间,至少在安检队伍越来越长的美国几大主要机场是如此㊂美国人愿意忍受费时的安检程序以换取更多安全㊂埃及航空公司804航班疑遭恐怖分子袭击而坠毁于地中海,这一悲剧再一次提醒人们为何支持安检㊂但是对航空旅客要求太多,或向他们提供的相应安全保障太少,都会削弱旅客对这一程序的支持㊂而这是理所应当的:浪费的时间拖累美国人民的经济生活和私人生活,更不必说还令人愤怒㊂去年,美国运输安全管理局(T S A)在一次秘密调查中发现,卧底调查员能够偷偷携带武器(不管真假)成功通过机场安检,几乎屡试不爽㊂自那以后,安全措施有所加强,加上选择航空旅行的人数也因经4济好转和低油价而有所增加,导致旅客在芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场等主要机场等候时间过长㊂航空安检的有效性提升了多少尚不清楚,但候机队伍(长)是显而易见的㊂部分问题在于政府没有预计到航空旅客人数激增的情况,因此运输安全管理局正仓促招募新的安检员㊂部分问题在于机场只有有限的空间用作安检通道㊂另一原因可能是更多旅客试图多带随身行李,以免去托运行李的费用,不过航空公司均强烈抵制这一做法㊂T S A可以采取一项措施,而无需改造机场或急聘员工:将更多人纳入预检计划㊂预检本该是对旅客和T S A都有利的办法㊂通过了背景调查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道㊂这能让管理局集中精力检查 高危 旅客,为所有相关人员节省时间㊂T S A欲将2500万人纳入预检计划㊂实际人数远未达到这一目标,一大原因在于标价冲击波㊂乘客每五年须缴纳85美元才能进行背景调查㊂从一开始,这个标价就一直是预检项目的致命弱点㊂即将进行的改革可能会使价格降至更合理的水平㊂但是国会应该考虑直接降低价格,可以通过向预检注册提供资金或削减其他方面的开支来实现㊂大多数旅客在不必要的排队中受苦之际,T S A不该继续将资源投入未充分利用的预检通道㊂早就该让预检计划发挥作用㊂T e x t2总体分析来源:S c i e n t i f i c A m e r i c a n‘科学美国人“2015.07.01㊂该文围绕 天文学TM T望远镜项目在夏威夷引发争议 展开,先介绍抗议团体观点,再引入作者论述 天文学界与抗议团体的矛盾可化解 ,传达作者对天文事业的支持㊂试题精解26.第一段中利留卡拉尼女王的言论表明㊂[A]她对天文学历史作用的保守看法[B]天文学在古代夏威夷社会的重要性[C]天文学在古代令人惋惜的衰落[D]她对其时代观星师功勋的赞赏[锁定答案]①句直引女王之言 古代夏威夷人都是天文学家 ,②句做出解释 古代夏威夷社会观星师极受尊敬 ㊂借由两句间语义关联可推断,女王之言实质表明了天文学家在古代夏威夷社会中的重要性,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]与 女王十分肯定天文学历史作用 相悖㊂[C]将③④句暗含的今日情形 夏威夷天文学地位衰落 偷换为女王之言所述的古代情形㊂[D]中 女王所处时代 与女王之言中 女王所处时代之前的古代时期 相悖㊂[提炼思路]写作意图题重在 点面结合 :先理解引语本身(点-①句),再根据引语关键词在上下文搜索近/同/反义表达以对其进一步解读(面-②句),最后结合点面信息推断正确答案㊂27.莫纳克亚山因被视为一个理想的天文观测场地㊂[A]其地理特征[B]其防护性环境[C]其宗教意义[D]其现有基础设施[锁定答案]第二段②句 莫纳克亚山也是数台世界顶尖级望远镜落脚之处 暗示该山是理想的天文观测场地;③句 该山山顶高耸于我们人类星球稠密大气层之上,其条件/环境非常有助于望远镜获取清晰的图像 则明确该山独特的地理特征非常适宜天文观测㊂故[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]将③句 地处太平洋有利于天文观测 曲解为 四面环海有助于保护天文观测台 ㊂[C]将①句 夏威夷人反对在山上建造望远镜㊁开展天文事业的原因(出于该山对夏威夷人的宗教意义) 扭曲为 该山被视为理想天文观测场地的原因 ㊂[D]由②句扭曲出 望远镜的存在使得该山成为理想天文观测基地 ,而事实是 正因为该山拥有优越天文观测条件,诸多世界顶尖级望远镜才坐落于此 ㊂[提炼思路]涉及多方的因果细节题的解题思路为:1㊁根据题干关键词锁定考查对象(矛盾双方中的哪一方:天文学界);2㊁借助逻辑词将语义按照论述对象(即矛盾双方)分层(借B u t分为①V S②③);3㊁在被考查对象所在语义层找寻因果关联词(③句a l l o w)㊂528.一些当地人反对建设T M T的部分原因是㊂[A]它可能会破坏他们的精神生活[B]它让他们回想起屈辱的历史[C]他们的文化将失去一次复兴机会[D]他们害怕失去对莫纳克亚山的控制[锁定答案]第三段②句细说望远镜一直遭反对的原因:反对者将其视为对圣地的亵渎㊁视为一个令人痛心的提醒物(让人想起曾经的主权国家被别国占领)㊂由此可见,TM T遭反对有一部分原因是由于它会令当地人回忆起屈辱历史,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将第三段②句 望远镜亵渎圣地,即影响宗教生活(s p i r i t u a l l i f e) 曲解为 破坏当地人精神生活(i n t e l l e c t u a l l i f e指与智力㊁脑力㊁知识等相关的生活,与宗教无关) ㊂[C]将第四段末句 抗议者指控天文学家将夏威夷文化视为死文化㊁没意识到它是正在历经复兴的活文化,意即,夏威夷文化正在复活 曲解为 夏威夷文化将失去复兴机会 ㊂[D]由第三段②句 曾经的主权国家遭到占领 首先捏造出 失去对莫纳克亚山的控制 ,然后推导出 当地人害怕失去对莫纳克亚山的控制 ,而文中并未涉及到对该山的控制问题,当前争议焦点并不在莫纳克亚山的控制/归属问题,而在其使用问题㊂[提炼思路]此题同上,考查因果细节,解答步骤为:1㊁由题干关键词划定被考查段落(群):第三㊁四段;2㊁于段落(群)中将反对意见划出层次:第三段②句㊁第四段②③句;3㊁将反对意见逐一与选项对比,正确项通常对应其中一个㊂29.从第五段可以推断,今天天文学取得的进步㊂[A]正在实现古代夏威夷人的梦想[B]帮助夏威夷文化传播到世界各地[C]可能会揭示夏威夷文化的起源[D]将最终缓和夏威夷人的敌意[锁定答案]第五段①句以 科学也有其文化历史 指出天文学和夏威夷文化具有相通之处,②③④句具体说明:探索人(天文学家㊁古代夏威夷人)好奇心相同㊁都在试图解答相同人类本源问题(我们是谁?从哪里来?到哪里去?)㊁文化使命一致(了解自己以及祖先的真正家园)㊂由此可知,当今天文学的进步实质上能够圆了古代夏威夷人的梦想,故[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]将②句旨在说明的 天文学家与古代夏威夷人之间的相通之处 曲解为 夏威夷文化的传播问题 ㊂[C]首先将③句断章取义为 夏威夷文化的起源问题 ,再将文意 天文学与夏威夷文化在本质使命上具有相通之处 扭曲为 天文学能够揭示夏威夷文化的起源 ㊂[D]将③句 天文学与夏威夷文化都在探索相同人类本源问题 臆断出 天文学进步将缓和夏威夷人敌意 ,而这实为作者期冀,并非事实㊂[提炼思路]段落推理题重在搞清段落中各句/句群与段落主旨的关系㊂正确项是对句群段落主旨的高度概括,具有抽象性㊂30.对选择莫纳克亚山作为T M T台址,作者持的态度㊂[A]严厉批评[B]被动接受[C]些许犹豫[D]完全赞同[锁定答案]第一段以S a d l y引出天文学TM T项目进展不顺,体现作者同情遗憾之意;第五段③④句指出抗议者忽视了 天文学家和夏威夷文化都在探索相同重大问题 这一现实,体现作者支持天文探索事业的立场;末段④句指出完全有理由欢迎任何人来莫纳克亚山探索星空,明确作者完全支持天文学家的态度㊂[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将第三㊁四段所述抗议者态度偷换为作者态度㊂[B]㊁[C]将第三㊁四段 抗议者呼声:望远镜亵渎圣山/勾起屈辱历史的回忆㊁天文学家自我/无视莫纳克亚山的脆弱生态环境及其在当地人中的神圣性 与第五㊁六段 天文学所探讨的问题有助于解答人类重大本源问题,而且天文学界正在做出相应让步 结合,将作者态度分别扭曲成:1㊁虽然莫纳克亚山上的望远镜百般不好,但其铸就的天文事业进步将有助于人类文明发展,故被动接受(无奈接受);2㊁鉴于天文事业的重大意义,其某些方面的不良影响可大而化小,故些许犹豫(大体支持)㊂[提炼思路]全篇作者态度题的解答关键:1㊁注重开篇,从开篇把握作者情感基调;2㊁结合各段语义重心及其用词特点把握作者态度;3㊁敏锐抓取集中表达作者观点态度的总结性/评述性的句子,如判断句式A i s B,T h e r e b e句式,包含因果逻辑的句式,包含强烈否定/肯定语气的句子,出现在b u t/y e t/h o w-6e v e等转折词之后的句子等㊂全文翻译, 利留卡拉尼女王,夏威夷最后一位执政君主,于1897年描写道㊂观星师曾是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的成员之一㊂遗憾的是,天文学现如今在夏威夷却不尽如人意㊂当地爆发了抗议活动,反对建造 三十米望远镜(TM T) :一个很可能会彻底改变人类宇宙观的巨型天文台㊂争论的焦点是TM T规划选址位于莫纳克亚山:一座休眠火山,被许多夏威夷人尊奉为连接夏威夷群岛与众天神的脐带㊂但是,莫纳克亚山也是多台国际顶尖望远镜坐落之地㊂高栖于太平洋中,莫纳克亚山顶峰高耸于地球大部分稠密的大气层之上,那里的条件使得望远镜能够获取无比清晰的图像㊂反对在莫纳克亚山建造望远镜并不是什么新鲜事㊂一个由夏威夷人和环保主义分子组成的人数虽少却敢于直言的群体一直以来都把这些望远镜的存在视为对圣地的亵渎㊁视为某个心痛的提醒,提醒其曾经的主权国家已被占领㊂当前争议的部分责任归于天文学家㊂在急切想要建造更大望远镜之时,他们忘记了科学不是了解世界的唯一方式㊂他们没有一直将保护莫纳克亚山脆弱的生态系统及它在岛上居民心中的神圣性列入优先考虑对象㊂夏威夷文化不是一个过去的遗物,而是一个鲜活的文化㊁正在历经复兴㊂然而,科学也有文化历史,其根源可以追溯至文明的开端㊂探索地平线以外世界的好奇心最先把早期的波利尼西亚人带到了夏威夷海岸,正是同样的好奇心激励着当今的天文学家去探索天空㊂拆卸莫纳克亚山上所有望远镜或者禁止在那里进一步开发的呼声忽视了这样一个现实:天文学和夏威夷文化两者都在设法回答我们是谁㊁我们从何而来以及我们要去往何处这几个重大问题㊂也许这就是我们探索星空的原因,仿佛在回应一个原始召唤,即了解我们自己和我们祖先的真正家园㊂天文学界正在做出让步,来改变其对莫纳克亚山的利用方式㊂TM T的选址将最大程度地降低望远镜在岛屿四周的能见度,同时避免对考古和环境造成影响㊂为了限制莫纳克亚山上的望远镜数量,旧望远镜在达到使用年限时将会被拆除,其原址将会被恢复到自然状态㊂完全有理由欢迎所有人到莫纳克亚山上拥抱其文化传统㊁研究星体㊂T e x t3总体分析来源:T h e I n d e p e n d e n t‘独立报“2016.07.22㊂作者以英国为戒,指出唯G D P论有其致命缺陷,一国高G D P不等于国民强幸福感㊂全文脉络:提出问题 G D P广受质疑 (第一㊁二段) 分析问题 近期研究结果表明英国等高G D P国家国民幸福感持续下降 (第三至五段) 提出正确思路 政策制定者须摒弃唯P论,关注民生福祉 (第六㊁七段)㊂试题精解文中援引罗伯特㊃F㊃肯尼迪是因为他㊂[A]赞扬了英国的G D P[B]认为G D P等同于幸福[C]误解了G D P的作用[D]对G D P评价低[锁定答案]第一段①句指出K e n n e d y观点:G D P可衡量一切,却将那些令人生真正有价值的东西排除在外㊂②句指出,鉴于英国当前做法 明知G D P会减缓却还执意脱欧 ,是时候考量K e n n e d y话语所指了㊂可见,作者引用意在K e n n e d y对G D P的低评/质疑,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]干扰源自第二段④句,但这是G D P最新计算结果,并非K e n n e d y评论对象㊂[B]将K e n n e d y 认为G D P不能衡量幸福 改为与之相悖的 将G D P等同于幸福 ㊂[C]将本文作者对肯尼迪观点的 赞同 改为 否定 ㊂[提炼思路]本题就 开篇人物话语 设置写作目的题,要求既读懂 人物观点本身(尤其要理解其中特殊句式;e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t...明褒实贬) ,又要辨清 其与文章主旨的关系(是援引入题?还是批驳立意?本文属于前者) ㊂7。

2017年考研英语一（答案及解析）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually__14___ with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1. [A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite2. [A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3. [A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice4. [A]avoid[B]forget[C]recall[D]keep5. [A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6. [A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7. [A]devoted[B]attracted[C]lost[D]exposed8. [A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out9. [A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10. [A]served[B]restored[C]explained[D]required11. [A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12. [A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests13. [A]highlighted[B]increased[C]controlled[D]minimized14. [A]presented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compared15. [A]assess[B]generate[C]moderate[D]record16. [A]in the name of[B] in the form of[C] in the face of[D] in the way of17. [A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return18. [A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19. [A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases20. [A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences完型答案：1-5: ACBAD6-10: ADCDC11-15: DBBCB16-20:CABADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly disputethis.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.答案 A[答案解释] 根据题干关键词 The Crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 定位到第一段第 3 句。

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author belie ves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the prot ection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GD P measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measu re of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constit uents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informati on about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment bygovernment—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step for ward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmout h, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even lessstatus, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Di ckens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his la bor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dich ens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and internationalbusiness process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of。

2017年考研英语一真题原文与答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word<s>for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"_____〔1〕helping you feel close and_____〔2〕to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____〔3〕of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____〔4〕getting sick this winter.In a recent study_____〔5〕over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants'susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____〔8〕with a cold,and the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._____〔11〕among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually_____〔14〕with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie,Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and help_____〔15〕the feeling that others are there to help_____〔16〕difficulty."Some experts_____〔17〕the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of itis released into the bloodstream.But some of it_____〔19〕in the brain,where it_____〔20〕mood,behavior and physiology.SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.〔40 points〕Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some majorU.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans'economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration<TSA>found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase inairline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is stickershock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word"expedited"<Liner 4,Para.5>is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,"wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii'slast reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope<TMT>,a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures"everything except that which makes life worthwhile."With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translatedinto meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"official acts,"or the former governor’s decisions on"specific"and"unsettled"issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is"distasteful"and"nasty."But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging ameeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an"official act."The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery."The basic compact underlying representative government,"wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,"assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types ofaccess for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence<Para.1>most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.〔10 points〕[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz"inThe Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.Thehumiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.InOliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums ofLondon.NicholasNickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of thesenovels consolidated Dickens'as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severalfuture.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. <47>His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have acompetitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,<48>many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.<49>The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:<50> It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead.Do not write the address.〔10 points〕52.DirectionsWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In y essay,you should1>describe the pictures briefly;2>interpret the meaning,and3>give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.<20 points>答案解析SectionⅠUse of English1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite[答案]A[解析]根据本句句内逻辑关系,"it turns out that hugs…"说明拥抱还有其他结果.因此,前文的逻辑关系应该为"除此以外",结合选项,A．Besides〔除此之外〕最为合适.2A．EqualB．RestrictedC．ConnectedD．inferior[答案]C[解析]本题实为逻辑关系题.根据句子前后结构"helping you feel closeand_____〔2〕",我们可以判断,由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接,说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义,并且要与后面介词to连用.因此,通过对于四个选项含义判断,C选项有"关联的"含义最为符合.3A．ViewB．HostC．LessonD．choice[答案]B[解析]此题为固定搭配."a host of"表示大量的.其他选项搭配不合理.4A．AvoidB．ForgetC．RecallD．keep[答案]A[解析]根据题干信息"a warm embrace might even help you_____〔4〕getting sick this winter."中,出现"even",表示"甚至",说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系.上一句话的语义表示"拥抱可以带来大量的好处",因此,这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处.根据四个选项含义,A．avoid〔避免〕B．forget〔忘记〕C．recall〔回忆〕D．keep〔保持〕,A选项"避免生病"最符合文意.5A．CollectingB．AffectingC．GuidingD．involving[答案]D[解析]本题考查现在分词做后置定语,需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的"study",因此,结合四个选项A．collecting〔收集〕B．affecting〔影响〕C．guiding<引导>D．involving〔涉与、卷入〕,根据句子含义,应该表达"关于涉与400人"的研究.因此正确选项应为D6A．OnB．InC．AtD．of[答案]A[解析]本题为固定搭配.根据句义"examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants'…"考查固定搭配"examined the effects…on sth"因此,本题正确选项为A.7A．DevotedB．AttractedC．LostD．exposed[答案]D[解析]根据句义"common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus.""通常感冒是在...细菌之后发生的."结合选项含义A．devoted〔致力于〕B．attracted〔吸引〕C．lost〔丢失〕D．exposed<暴露于>,D选项"暴露在细菌中…"符合文意.8A．AlongB．AcrossC．DownD．out[答案]C[解析]本题为固定搭配.A．come along with<和...相处的好>B．come across with〔偿付〕C．come down with〔得病,感染〕D．come out with〔出版,提出〕,结合语境,根据后面与cold〔感冒〕搭配,C选项"得感冒"搭配最为合理.9A．ImaginedB．DeniedC．DoubtedD．calculated[答案]D[解析]本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题.根据原文"the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect."动作的主语是"研究人员",连接后面的宾语从句"拥抱减小压力的作用",并且有数据支撑.从选项含义A．imagined〔想像〕B．denied〔否认〕C．doubted 〔怀疑〕D．calculated〔计算,推测〕来看,宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果.因此,选项D符合要求.10A．ServedB．RestoredC．ExplainedD．required[答案]C[解析]本题为动词含义考查.根据文章内容,"the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect."本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果,因此,结合选项含义A．served〔服务〕B．restored〔存储〕C．explained〔解释〕D．required〔要求〕,C选项"解释"符合语境要求.11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even[答案]D[解析]本题为逻辑关系题.A．Thus〔因此,表示因果关系〕B．Still〔仍然,表示强调关系〕C．Rather〔相反,表示对比关系〕D．Even〔甚至,表示递进关系〕根据文章上下文逻辑,下文是对上文做进一步说明,因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系.D为正确选项.12A．DefeatsB．SymptomsC．ErrorsD．tests[答案]B[解析]形容词与名词搭配问题.根据语境"the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕"所选词要与severe构成合理搭配,再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果.因此,B．symptoms<症状>符合语境要求.正确选项为B.13A．HighlightedB．IncreasedC．ControlledD．minimized[答案]B[解析]本题为形容词修饰.根据原文"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually_____〔14〕with stress,",需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk.在选项中,A．highlighted〔突出的〕B．increased〔增加的〕C．controlled〔被控制的〕D．minimized〔最小的〕,对比选项含义,B"增加的风险"更符合原文语境.14A．PresentedB．EquippedC．AssociatedD．compared[答案]C[解析]此题为固定搭配题.A和B选项不可以和with连接.C．associated可以和with连接,意为"与...有关联".D．compared和with连接表示"和..相比"不符合文章要求.因此,本题正确选项为C.15A．AssessB．GenerateC．ModerateD．record[答案]B[解析]此题考查动宾搭配.根据原文"Hugging is a marker of intimacy andhelp_____〔15〕the feeling…",需要选择一个动词能够和后文的"the feeling"搭配.分析选项含义：A．assess〔评估〕B．generate〔产生〕C．moderate〔缓和〕D．record 〔记录〕,四个选项中,B"generate the feeling"产生感觉搭配最为合理.因此正选为B.16A．in the name ofB．in the form ofC．in the face ofD．in the way of[答案]C[解析]此题为短语搭配题.分析选项含义A．in the name of〔以…为名〕B．in the form of〔以…的形式〕C．in the face of〔面对…〕D．in the way of〔以…的方式〕,结合文章语境,应为"面对困难"搭配最为合理.因此,正确选项为C.17A．AttributeB．CommitC．TransferD．return[答案]A[解析]此题为固定搭配题.即：attribute sth to sth.因此正确选项为A18A．UnlessB．BecauseC．ThoughD．until[答案]B[解析]此题为逻辑关系题.选项含义A．unless〔除非〕B．because〔因为〕C．though〔虽然〕D．until〔直到...才〕.结合原文语境,"often called"the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships,"〔经常被称之为"形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙"….它促进了关系的依赖.〕从本句来看,前后文属于因果逻辑关系.因此正确选项为B19A．RemainsB．EmergesC．VanishesD．decreases[答案]A[解析]本题为动词辨析.选项含义为A．remains〔仍然〕B．emerges〔出现〕C．vanishes〔消失〕D．decreases〔减少〕结合语境信息"But some of it_____〔19〕。

2017年考研英语一真题原文与答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word<s>for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"_____〔1〕helping you feel close and_____〔2〕to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____〔3〕of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____〔4〕getting sick this winter.In a recent study_____〔5〕over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants'susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____〔8〕with a cold,and the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._____〔11〕among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually_____〔14〕with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie,Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and help_____〔15〕the feeling that others are there to help_____〔16〕difficulty."Some experts_____〔17〕the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of itis released into the bloodstream.But some of it_____〔19〕in the brain,where it_____〔20〕mood,behavior and physiology.SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.〔40 points〕Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some majorU.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans'economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration<TSA>found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase inairline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is stickershock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word"expedited"<Liner 4,Para.5>is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,"wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii'slast reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope<TMT>,a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures"everything except that which makes life worthwhile."With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translatedinto meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"official acts,"or the former governor’s decisions on"specific"and"unsettled"issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is"distasteful"and"nasty."But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging ameeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an"official act."The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery."The basic compact underlying representative government,"wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,"assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types ofaccess for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence<Para.1>most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.〔10 points〕[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz"inThe Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.Thehumiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.InOliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums ofLondon.NicholasNickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of thesenovels consolidated Dickens'as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severalfuture.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. <47>His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have acompetitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,<48>many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.<49>The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:<50> It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead.Do not write the address.〔10 points〕52.DirectionsWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In y essay,you should1>describe the pictures briefly;2>interpret the meaning,and3>give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.<20 points>答案解析SectionⅠUse of English1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite[答案]A[解析]根据本句句内逻辑关系,"it turns out that hugs…"说明拥抱还有其他结果.因此,前文的逻辑关系应该为"除此以外",结合选项,A．Besides〔除此之外〕最为合适.2A．EqualB．RestrictedC．ConnectedD．inferior[答案]C[解析]本题实为逻辑关系题.根据句子前后结构"helping you feel closeand_____〔2〕",我们可以判断,由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接,说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义,并且要与后面介词to连用.因此,通过对于四个选项含义判断,C选项有"关联的"含义最为符合.3A．ViewB．HostC．LessonD．choice[答案]B[解析]此题为固定搭配."a host of"表示大量的.其他选项搭配不合理.4A．AvoidB．ForgetC．RecallD．keep[答案]A[解析]根据题干信息"a warm embrace might even help you_____〔4〕getting sick this winter."中,出现"even",表示"甚至",说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系.上一句话的语义表示"拥抱可以带来大量的好处",因此,这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处.根据四个选项含义,A．avoid〔避免〕B．forget〔忘记〕C．recall〔回忆〕D．keep〔保持〕,A选项"避免生病"最符合文意.5A．CollectingB．AffectingC．GuidingD．involving[答案]D[解析]本题考查现在分词做后置定语,需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的"study",因此,结合四个选项A．collecting〔收集〕B．affecting〔影响〕C．guiding<引导>D．involving〔涉与、卷入〕,根据句子含义,应该表达"关于涉与400人"的研究.因此正确选项应为D6A．OnB．InC．AtD．of[答案]A[解析]本题为固定搭配.根据句义"examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants'…"考查固定搭配"examined the effects…on sth"因此,本题正确选项为A.7A．DevotedB．AttractedC．LostD．exposed[答案]D[解析]根据句义"common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus.""通常感冒是在...细菌之后发生的."结合选项含义A．devoted〔致力于〕B．attracted〔吸引〕C．lost〔丢失〕D．exposed<暴露于>,D选项"暴露在细菌中…"符合文意.8A．AlongB．AcrossC．DownD．out[答案]C[解析]本题为固定搭配.A．come along with<和...相处的好>B．come across with〔偿付〕C．come down with〔得病,感染〕D．come out with〔出版,提出〕,结合语境,根据后面与cold〔感冒〕搭配,C选项"得感冒"搭配最为合理.9A．ImaginedB．DeniedC．DoubtedD．calculated[答案]D[解析]本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题.根据原文"the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect."动作的主语是"研究人员",连接后面的宾语从句"拥抱减小压力的作用",并且有数据支撑.从选项含义A．imagined〔想像〕B．denied〔否认〕C．doubted 〔怀疑〕D．calculated〔计算,推测〕来看,宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果.因此,选项D符合要求.10A．ServedB．RestoredC．ExplainedD．required[答案]C[解析]本题为动词含义考查.根据文章内容,"the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect."本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果,因此,结合选项含义A．served〔服务〕B．restored〔存储〕C．explained〔解释〕D．required〔要求〕,C选项"解释"符合语境要求.11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even[答案]D[解析]本题为逻辑关系题.A．Thus〔因此,表示因果关系〕B．Still〔仍然,表示强调关系〕C．Rather〔相反,表示对比关系〕D．Even〔甚至,表示递进关系〕根据文章上下文逻辑,下文是对上文做进一步说明,因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系.D为正确选项.12A．DefeatsB．SymptomsC．ErrorsD．tests[答案]B[解析]形容词与名词搭配问题.根据语境"the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕"所选词要与severe构成合理搭配,再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果.因此,B．symptoms<症状>符合语境要求.正确选项为B.13A．HighlightedB．IncreasedC．ControlledD．minimized[答案]B[解析]本题为形容词修饰.根据原文"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually_____〔14〕with stress,",需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk.在选项中,A．highlighted〔突出的〕B．increased〔增加的〕C．controlled〔被控制的〕D．minimized〔最小的〕,对比选项含义,B"增加的风险"更符合原文语境.14A．PresentedB．EquippedC．AssociatedD．compared[答案]C[解析]此题为固定搭配题.A和B选项不可以和with连接.C．associated可以和with连接,意为"与...有关联".D．compared和with连接表示"和..相比"不符合文章要求.因此,本题正确选项为C.15A．AssessB．GenerateC．ModerateD．record[答案]B[解析]此题考查动宾搭配.根据原文"Hugging is a marker of intimacy andhelp_____〔15〕the feeling…",需要选择一个动词能够和后文的"the feeling"搭配.分析选项含义：A．assess〔评估〕B．generate〔产生〕C．moderate〔缓和〕D．record 〔记录〕,四个选项中,B"generate the feeling"产生感觉搭配最为合理.因此正选为B.16A．in the name ofB．in the form ofC．in the face ofD．in the way of[答案]C[解析]此题为短语搭配题.分析选项含义A．in the name of〔以…为名〕B．in the form of〔以…的形式〕C．in the face of〔面对…〕D．in the way of〔以…的方式〕,结合文章语境,应为"面对困难"搭配最为合理.因此,正确选项为C.17A．AttributeB．CommitC．TransferD．return[答案]A[解析]此题为固定搭配题.即：attribute sth to sth.因此正确选项为A18A．UnlessB．BecauseC．ThoughD．until[答案]B[解析]此题为逻辑关系题.选项含义A．unless〔除非〕B．because〔因为〕C．though〔虽然〕D．until〔直到...才〕.结合原文语境,"often called"the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships,"〔经常被称之为"形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙"….它促进了关系的依赖.〕从本句来看,前后文属于因果逻辑关系.因此正确选项为B19A．RemainsB．EmergesC．VanishesD．decreases[答案]A[解析]本题为动词辨析.选项含义为A．remains〔仍然〕B．emerges〔出现〕C．vanishes〔消失〕D．decreases〔减少〕结合语境信息"But some of it_____〔19〕。

2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology.1. A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite2. A．equalB．restrictedC．connectedD．inferior3. A．viewB．hostC．lessonD．choice4. A．avoidB．forgetC．recallD．keep5. A．collectingB．affectingC．guidingD．involving6. A．onB．inC．atD．of7. A．devotedB．attractedC．lostD．exposed8. A．alongB．acrossC．downD．out9. A．imaginedB．deniedC．doubtedD．calculated10.A．servedB．restoredC．explainedD．required11.A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even12.A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests13.A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlledD．minimized14.A．presentedB．equippedC．associatedD．compared15.A．assessB．generateC．moderateD．record16. A．in the name ofB．in the form ofC．in the face ofD．in the way of17.A．attributeB．commitC．transferD．return18.A．unlessB．becauseC．thoughD．until19.A．remainsB．emergesC．vanishesD．decreases20.A．experiencesB．combinesC．justifiesD．influences1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite【答案】A【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。