2020年职称英语考试综合类A级阅读理解练习题6

2020年职称英语考试《综合A》阅读理解真题及答案Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life,as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail,and found that even when their effects are included,the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "Therewill be an explosion of the star-it will be completelydestroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart,its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.36.【题干】Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?【选项】A.The black hole could tear apart the star.B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D.The black hole could devour the star.【答案】C【解析】37.【题干】According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of_____【选项】A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C.whether shock waves would occur.D.whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.【答案】A【解析】38.【题干】According to the fourth paragraph, which ofthe following is NOT true?【选项】A.No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B.The star would be destroyed completely.。

2020年职称英语完形填空练习题综合类A级(6)A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells__1__ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells __2__ when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal __3__ the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur__4__ the number of hours of daylight. In the short __5__ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration __6__ twice each year. Birds __7__ from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, __8__ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which __9__ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain __10__ to control the timing of some of our actions. These __11__ tell a person when to __12__, when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying __13__ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. __14__ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said __15__ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory's production.1. A) scientists B) humans C) plants D) animals2. A) insects B) birds C) fish D) snakes3. A) effect B) affect C) effected D) affected4. A) because B) for the reason that C) because of D) since5. A) months B) days C) minutes D) weeks6. A) flight B) fly C) movement D) transportation7. A) prevented from B) ordered by C) helped by D) intruded on8. A) and B) but C) therefore D) however9. A) portions B) parts C) sections D kinds10. A) try B) tries C) seem D) seems11. A) things B) parts C) cells D) actions12. A) awaken B) wake C) awake D) wake-up13. A) how B) why C) where D) what14. A) We B) It C) They D) You15. A) so B) with C) such D) if KEYS： CABCB AABBD CAABC。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they comein the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel healt h. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistantstarch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。

2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。

2020年职称英语真题及答案：《综合A》阅读判断For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to register one's annual earnings with the US government.That last item is the law, though sometimes it's ahassle(难事)to obey.Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system "amazingly complicated". But he adds that "very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just beginning their careers". According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the system's complications.Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilbert's. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents' lead when filling their income forms."Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so," said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State."On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick 'refund' with the help of a tax advisor".In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference.Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.Thalman called the whole process a "hassle", but added that he didn't wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers."I'm worried about what would happen if I failed to file," he said. "I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and he's now in federal prison. I certainly don’t want that."16.【题干】A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】The US income tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】18.【题干】It's pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】When young people file their income tax form, they will often follow in their parents' footsteps.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】。

职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案(阅读理解)试题及答案下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇The Smell of MoneyFor many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (香气) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism.But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food.It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰子) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (自动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Evenprestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats.“The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “ There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.”31. Artificial smells have NOT been used inA cafesB banksC travel agenciesD supermarkets32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage peopleA to spend moneyB to feel confident about banksC to earn more moneyD to withdraw money from banks33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in thatA people’s attitudes toward money are differentB it’s hard to identify and analyze itC no technology can do itD experts have no motive34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toA seeB studyC controlD understand35. Researchers thinkA artificial smells help to improve people’s memoryB the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stageC artificial smells are harmfulD the production of artificial smells is profitably第二篇Spoilt for Choice(A级)Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, createdby companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.The main impact of endless choice in people’s lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work —a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility ofpeople is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down.36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions becauseA the decisions may have serious impact on their livesB only professionals have the right to do thatC they have sufficient money to payD they have emotional problems37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?A Giving upB Walking awayC Buying an unsuitable itemD Seeking advice38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?A They are of poor quality.B They are quickly replaced with new ones.C They have too many versions.D They are not designed by computers.39. How does migration today differ from that of the past?A People now migrate to find better jobs.B People now migrate for better life.C People now migrate for better environments.D People now have more choice about where to migrate.40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice?A Better more choice than no choiceB Better no choice than more choiceC All choice is easyD More choice, more anxiety第三篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation.High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA they’re popularB they’re cheapC they’re usefulD they’re convenient42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA curedB removedC discoveredD caused43. The salesman retired young becauseA he disliked using mobile phonesB he was tired of talking on his mobile phoneC he couldn’t remember simple tasksD his employer’s doctor persuaded him to44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companiesA deny the existence of mobile phone radiationB develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiationC try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to healthD hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise peopleA to buy mobile phonesB to update regular phonesC to use mobile phones less oftenD to stop using mobile phones答案解析：第一篇阅读理解：the smell of money31. Artificial smells have been used in ___.答案为B：banks32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people ___.答案为B。

2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard ofB rubbed outC looked atD spoken out2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.A exhaustedB scaredC worriedD frightened3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slimB tallC weakD pale4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almostB probablyC evidentlyD completely5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking aboutB took advantage ofC paid no attention toD cared nothing about6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A lateB suddenC unfriendlyD untold7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A decisionB mistakeC promiseD plan8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believedA predictB thinkC suggestD argue9 My room is really very cosy.A coolB coldC cleanD comfortable10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.A curiousB courteousC quietD shy11 He never grumbled about working overtime.A complainedB talkedC wroteD spoke12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A heldB embracedC kissedD patted13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentencesB commentsC theoriesD conclusions14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A courageousB angryC greedyD glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A attendB celebrateC chairD prepare第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题库：A级阅读理解Viral and Bacterial Bronchitis Revealing The DifferencesDiseases affect the lives of people in an adverse way. Therefore, it is necessary to develop healthy habits in order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Diseases are caused by both virus and bacteria； however, in certain cases, environmental conditions also play a major role in causing certain ailments. For instance, bronchitis, an ailment of the respiratory system, is both viral and bacterial bronchitis.Not many people can tell the difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis. Only a medical practitioner will beable to point out the differences between viral and bacterial bronchitis after a careful examination of the patient and the results of laboratory tests.Commonly, viruses cause bronchitis. People with viral bronchitis suffer from difficulties in breathing, headache, pain, wheezing, and other symptoms, such as low-grade fever. Patients will have a persistent, nonproductive cough and will not feel that ill. Bacterial bronchitis, on the other hand,is a more dangerous condition. You will suffer from a high fever and a persistent, productive cough with dark, discolored, and thick mucus.Just as there is a difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis, there is also a difference between the treatments of these conditions. Viral bronchitis does not really require any treatment. Home remedies can successfully heal a person from this condition. However, it cannot and should not be neglected.Care should be taken during the healing process. You need to take a lot of rest and increase your fluid intake. Taking more liquids such as fruit juices, water, and soup helps liquefy the phlegm and makes it easier for the body to expel it. In case of muscle pains, take acetaminophen. If the symptoms cause a great deal of distress, take cough suppressants or expectorants in order to liquefy the mucus. Taking a warm shower or a hot bath also facilitates the expulsion of mucus.In case of bacterial bronchitis, your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, and erythromycin. The antibiotic to be taken depends on thestrain of the bacteria infecting your bronchial tubes. When you are on antibiotic therapy, you may have side effects characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Some bacteria are drug resistant, and recently, the FDA approved the use of a drug called gemiflaoxacin mesylate for such bacteria. It comes in the form of an oral tablet that has to be taken daily for five days. The side effects of this drug are diarrhea, skin rashes, and nausea.It is not possible to treat a viral infection with antibiotics； attempts to do so will worsen your condition. Before using any drug, consult your doctor and find out if it is safe for you to use that drug. Cardio respiratory exercises help to regain normal lung function and to expel any excess mucus after the completion of the healing process36.Bronchitis isA.viral only.B.bacterial only.C.both viral and bacterial.D.neither viral nor bacterial准确答案：C37.Which of the followings is NOT a symptom of viral bronchitisA.Difficulties in breathing and wheezing.B.Headache and pain.C.A low-grade fever.D.A persistent, productive cough准确答案：D38.What can be done to relieve the symptoms during the healing processA.Taking more dry solid food helps to liquefy the mucus.B.Taking a warm shower or a hot bath facilitates the expulsion of mucus.C.Taking acetaminophen help liquefy the mucus.D.Taking cough suppressants or expectorants controls muscle pain准确答案：B39.The side effects of antibiotic therapy includes the following EXCEPTA.abdominal pain, , and nausea.。

2020年职称英语模拟试题：综合类阅读理解2020年职称英语模拟试题：综合类阅读理解短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相对应的位置上。

Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.‘Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。

职称英语考试综合类(A级)试题及答案6第三篇The World CupThis summer’s World Cup competition will see teams competing to play the world’s best football.But the football they play will not all be of the same kind.The fans expect different styles of play from Brazil,Germany,or Italy.What makes Brazilian football Brazilian?Our style of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise,accuracy and good judgment.This style has won Brazil five world cups.Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these victories.In 1994,the team abandoned this style for modern,scientific training and tactics.The team won the cup,but in a boring way.The ltalians think differently.“To many ltalians,the score 0-0 has a glorious quality,sugg esting perfection,”says the British football writer Simon Kuper.In the ltalian culture,the idea of face is very important.This is why ltalian teams are traditionally built around strong defences.The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that ltalian teams never exactly beat you.It’s just that you often lose to them.In Holland,there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion.It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view.“Every Dutch player wants to control the game,”says Arnold Muhren.“You play football with your brains and not your feet.”“A Dutch player argues,”says Simon Kuper.“An English player obeys his superior.He is a soldier.”The qualities valued in English football are military-strength,aggression and courage.This can make for exciting football.But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players.David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend-despite the fact that he is an attacker.If the English like to fight,the Germans like to win.In recent years,Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs.But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team.“Football is a simple game,”Gary Lineker once said.“You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win.”It’s difficult to predict who will win this year’s World Cup.There is no strong favorite.But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform best.It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top.41.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Brazilian style of playing football?A.Accuracy.B.Surprise.C.Good judgment.D.Ruthless efficiency.42.Why do many lialians think that the score 0-0 has a glorious quality?A.Because it makes no one lose face.B.Because the ltalian team is not very strong.C.Because ltalians are nice people.D.Because that score is what their team could obtain.43.What is one expected to do in Holland?A.To play football.B.To express his or her opinion freely.C.To make a fuss about nothing.D.To beat his or her opponents ruthlessly.44.Which of the following is NOT true of the British football players?A.They are aggressive.B.They are courageous.C.They play football for friendship.D.They obey their superiors.45.Who will win this year’s World Cup?A.The Brazilian team.B.The ltalian team.C.The German Team.D.It is unpredictable.。

全国职称英语等级考试试题及答案综合类A级职称英语考试综合类(A级)试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 these are the motives for doing it.a reasonsb excusesc answers 13 replies2 the river widens considerably as it begins to turn westa extendsb stretchesc broadensd bends3 many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics．a errorb puzzlec attractiond contradiction4 with immense relief i stopped runninga nob 1ittlec scarced enormous5 a great deal has been done to remedy the situationa maintainb improvec preserved protect6 john is collaborating with mary in writing an articlea cooperatingb marryingc combiningd arguing7 he will consolidate his power．a strengthenb winc abandond unite8 many scientists have been probing psychological problemsa solvingb exploringc settlingd handling9.hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits．a removedb curedc treated d lessened10 the conclusion can be deduced from the premisesa goneb derivedc doned come11 the food is insufficient for three peoplea scarceb shortc marginald inadequate12 most of the butterflies perish in the first frosts of autumna dieb disappearc migrated vanish13 but ultimately he gave in．a undoubtedlyb certainlyc finallyd necessarily14 it is a complicated problem．a strangeb complexc difficultd unusual15 in britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management-a evaluationb productionc efficiencyd publicity第2部分：阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard ofB rubbed outC looked atD spoken out2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.A exhaustedB scaredC worriedD frightened3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slimB tallC weakD pale4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almostB probablyC evidentlyD completely5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking aboutB took advantage ofC paid no attention toD cared nothing about6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A lateB suddenC unfriendlyD untold7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A decisionB mistakeC promiseD plan8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believedA predictB thinkC suggestD argue9 My room is really very cosy.A coolB coldC cleanD comfortable10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.A curiousB courteousC quietD shy11 He never grumbled about working overtime.A complainedB talkedC wroteD spoke12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A heldB embracedC kissedD patted13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentencesB commentsC theoriesD conclusions14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A courageousB angryC greedyD glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A attendB celebrateC chairD prepare第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2020年职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解练习题(6) Plants and MankindBotany(植物学), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many propertiesof each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become thefarther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered thatcertain grasses could be harvested and their seeds plantedfor richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture：cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasinglytake their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulatedknowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2.People cannot survive without plants.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：Plants and Mankind1. A. 问题句说“‘关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久’这种说法是合乎逻辑的。

目　录第一部分　历年真题及详解2016年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2015年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2014年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2013年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2012年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2011年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2010年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2009年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2008年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2007年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2006年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2005年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第二部分　模拟试题及详解全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）模拟试题及详解（一）全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）模拟试题及详解（二）全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）模拟试题及详解（三）第一部分　历年真题及详解2016年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A 级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l 分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Only people over 18 areeligible to vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD. clever 2. The latest car modelembodies the new research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD. broadensB【答案】句意：只有超过18岁的人有资格投票。

eligible 合适的；在（法律上或道德上）合格的。

qualified 有资格的，胜任的，适当的。

二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选B 项。

英语a级试题及答案2020英语A级试题及答案2020一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。

A. 他正在图书馆。

B. 他正在去图书馆的路上。

C. 他刚从图书馆回来。

[答案] B2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。

Q: 为什么Tom决定去学习法语？A. 因为他对法国文化感兴趣。

B. 因为他需要为即将到来的考试做准备。

C. 因为他想在法国旅行。

[答案] A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1:The Importance of BilingualismBilingualism is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized world. It not only opens up more opportunities for individuals but also enhances cognitive abilities.3. 根据第一段，为什么双语能力在当今世界变得越来越重要？A. 因为它可以提高个人的认知能力。

B. 因为它为个人提供了更多的机遇。

C. 因为它是全球化世界的标志。

[答案] B4. 第二段中提到的“cognitive abilities”指的是什么？A. 语言能力。

B. 认知能力。

C. 社交能力。

[答案] BPassage 2:A Journey to the AmazonLast summer, I embarked on a journey to the Amazon rainforest. It was an unforgettable experience that taught me the importance of preserving nature.5. 作者去亚马逊雨林是为了什么？A. 探险。

B. 学习。

C. 工作。

[答案] A6. 作者从这次旅行中学到了什么？A. 如何在雨林中生存。