02级II-1A卷期末答案
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2024/2025学年第一学期联盟校第一次学情调研检测高二年级数学试题(答案在最后)(总分150分考试时间120分钟)注意事项:1.本试卷中所有试题必须作答在答题纸上规定的位置,否则不给分.2.答题前,务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在试卷及答题纸上.3.作答非选择题时必须用黑色字迹0.5毫米签字笔书写在答题纸的指定位置上,作答选择题必须用2B 铅笔在答题纸上将对应题目的选项涂黑。
如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,请保持答题纸清洁,不折叠、不破损。
第I 卷(选择题共58分)一、单项选择题:(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项2.若直线20ax y +=与直线2(1)(1)0x a y a +++-=平行,则a 的值是()A.1或-2B.-1C.-2D.2或-13.已知圆1C :()()()222120x y r r -++=>与圆2C :()()224216x y -+-=外切,则r 的值为()A.1B.5C.9D.2110=的化简结果是()A.22153x y += B.22135x y += C.221259x y += D.221925x y +=5.已知直线l 方程:()220kx y k k R -+-=∈,若l 不经过第四象限,则k 的取值范围为()A.1k ≤B.1k ≥C.0k ≤D.0k ≥6.直线220x y +-=与曲线(10x y +-=的交点个数为()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个7.已知圆C 经过点()()3,5,1,3M N --,且圆心C 在直线350x y ++=上,若P 为圆C 上的动点,则线段(OP O 为坐标原点)长度的最大值为()A. B.5+ C.10D.108.实数x ,y 满足224690x x y y -+-+=,则11y x -+的取值范围是()A.5,12⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭B.12,5⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭C.50,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D .120,5⎡⎤⎢⎣⎦二、多项选择题:(本大题共3个小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分,请在答题纸的指定位置填涂答案选项.)9.已知直线l 过点()1,3,若l 与x ,y 轴的正半轴围成的三角形的面积为S ,则S 的值可以是()A.3 B.6 C.7 D.910.下列四个命题中正确的是()A.过点(3,1),且在x 轴和y 轴上的截距互为相反数的直线方程为20x y --=B.若直线10kx y k ---=和以(3,1),(3,2)M N -为端点的线段相交,则实数k 的取值范围为12k ≤-或32k ≥C.若三条直线0,0,3x y x y x ay a +=-=+=-不能构成三角形,则实数a 所有可能的取值组成的集合为{1,1}-D.若直线l 沿x 轴向左平移3个单位长度,再沿y 轴向上平移2个单位长度后,回到原来的位置,则该直线l 的斜率为23-11.已知圆221:20x y x O +-=和圆222:240O x y x y ++-=的交点为A ,B ,则下列结论中正确的是()A.公共弦AB 所在的直线方程为0x y -=B.公共弦AB 的长为22C.线段AB 的中垂线方程为10x y +-=D.若P 为圆1O 上的一个动点,则三角形PAB +第II 卷(非选择题共92分)三、填空题:(本大题共3小题,每小题5分,计15分.不需要写出解答过程,请把答案写在答题纸的指定位置上.)12.两条平行直线1l :3450x y +-=与2l :6850x y +-=之间的距离是.13.已知圆22:4210C x y x y +--+=,圆C 的弦AB 被点()1,0Q 平分,则弦AB 所在的直线方程是.14.古希腊著名数学家阿波罗尼斯发现了平面内到两个定点A B ,的距离之比为定值(1)λλ≠的点的轨迹是圆,此圆被称为“阿波罗尼斯圆”.在平面直角坐标系中,已知()1,0A ,()4,0B ,若动点P 满足12PA PB =,设点P 的轨迹为C ,过点(1,2)作直线l ,C 上恰有三个点到直线l 的距离为1,则直线l 的方程为.四、解答题:(本大题共5小题,共77分,请在答题纸指定的区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)15.(本小题满分13分)分别求符合下列条件的椭圆的标准方程:(1)过点P (-3,2),且与椭圆22194x y +=有相同的焦点.(2)经过两点(2,,141,2⎛- ⎪⎝⎭.16.(本小题满分15分)已知直线:210l x y +-=和点()1,2A (1)求点A 关于直线l 的对称点的坐标;(2)求直线l 关于点A 对称的直线方程.17.(本小题满分15分)已知半径为4的圆C 与直线1:3480l x y -+=相切,圆心C 在y 轴的负半轴上.(1)求圆C 的方程;(2)已知直线2:30l kx y -+=与圆C 相交于,A B 两点,且△ABC 的面积为8,求直线2l 的方程.18.(本小题满分17分)如图,已知圆22:10100C x y x y +++=,点()0,6A .(1)求圆心在直线y x =上,经过点A ,且与圆C 相外切的圆N 的方程;(2)若过点A 的直线m 与圆C 交于,P Q 两点,且圆弧 PQ恰为圆C 周长的14,求直线m 的方程.19.(本小题满分17分)已知圆M :()2244x y +-=,点P 是直线l :20x y -=上的一动点,过点P 作圆M 的切线PB P A ,,切点为B A ,.(1)当切线P A 的长度为时,求点P 的坐标;(2)若P AM ∆的外接圆为圆N ,试问:当P 运动时,圆N 是否过定点?若存在,求出所有的定点的坐标;若不存在,说明理由;(3)求线段AB 长度的最小值.2024/2025学年第一学期联盟校第一次学情调研检测高二年级数学参考答案及评分标准一、单项选择题1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B6.B7.B8.D二、多项选择题9.BCD10.BD11.AC三、填空题12.1213.x+y-1=014.1x =或3450x y -+=四、解答题15.(1)因为所求的椭圆与椭圆22194x y +=的焦点相同,所以其焦点在x 轴上,且c 2=5.设所求椭圆的标准方程为()222210x y a b a b+=>>.因为所求椭圆过点P (-3,2),所以有22941a b+=①又a 2-b 2=c 2=5,②由①②解得a 2=15,b 2=10.故所求椭圆的标准方程为2211510x y +=.…………………………………………6分(2)设椭圆方程为22221x y m n +=,且(2,,141,2⎛- ⎪⎝⎭在椭圆上,所以222222421817412m m n n mn ⎧+=⎪⎧=⎪⇒⎨⎨=⎩⎪+=⎪⎩,则椭圆方程22184x y +=.………………………………13分16.(1)设(),A m n ',由题意可得211121221022n m m n ⎧-⎛⎫⨯-=- ⎪⎪⎪-⎝⎭⎨++⎪+⨯-=⎪⎩,…………………………4分解得3565m n ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,所以点A '的坐标为36,55⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭.……………………………………………7分(2)在直线l 上任取一点(),P x y ,设(),P x y 关于点A 的对称点为()00,P x y ',则001222x xy y +⎧=⎪⎪⎨+⎪=⎪⎩,解得0024x x y y =-⎧⎨=-⎩,………………………………11分由于()2,4P x y '--在直线210x y +-=上,则()()22410x y -+--=,即290x y +-=,故直线l 关于点A 的对称直线l '的方程为290x y +-=.………………………………15分17.(1)由已知可设圆心()()0,0C b b <4=,解得3b =-或7b =(舍),所以圆C 的方程为22(3)16x y ++=.………………………………………6分(2)设圆心C 到直线2l 的距离为d,则182ABC AB S AB d d ==⨯= ,即4216640d d -+=,解得d =……………………………………………10分又d =272k =,解得142k =±,所以直线2l的方程为260y -+=260y +-=…………………………15分18.(1)由22:10100C x y x y +++=,化为标准方程:()()225550x y +++=.所以圆C 的圆心坐标为()5,5C --,又圆N 的圆心在直线y x =上,所以当两圆外切时,切点为O ,设圆N 的圆心坐标为(),a a ,=解得3a =,………………………………6分所以圆N 的圆心坐标为()3,3,半径r =故圆N 的方程为()()223318x y -+-=.………………………………………8分(2)因为圆弧PQ 恰为圆C 周长的14,所以CP CQ ⊥.所以点C 到直线m 的距离为5.……………………………………10分当直线m 的斜率不存在时,点C 到y 轴的距离为5,直线m 即为y 轴,所以此时直线m 的方程为0x =.………………………………………12分当直线m 的斜率存在时,设直线m 的方程为6y kx =+,即60kx y -+=.5=,解得4855k =.所以此时直线m 的方程为486055x y -+=,即48553300x y -+=,…………………16分故所求直线m 的方程为0x =或48553300x y -+=.………………………………17分19⑴由题可知,圆M 的半径2=r ,设()b b P ,2,因为P A 是圆M 的一条切线,所以︒=∠90MAP ,所以=MP 4==,解得580==b b 或,所以()⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛585160,0,或P P .………………………………5分⑵设()b b P ,2,因为︒=∠90MAP ,所以经过M P A ,,三点的圆N 以MP 为直径,其方程为:()()222244424b b b x b y +-+⎛⎫-+-=⎪⎝⎭,即()22(24)40x y b x y y +--+-=………………………………8分由2224040x y x y y +-=⎧⎨+-=⎩,解得04x y =⎧⎨=⎩或8545x y ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,所以圆过定点84(0,4),,55⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭.……11分⑶因为圆N 方程为()()222244424b b b x b y +-+⎛⎫-+-=⎪⎝⎭即222(4)40x y bx b y b +--++=.圆M :()2244x y +-=,即228120x y y +-+=.②-①得圆M 方程与圆N 相交弦AB 所在直线方程为:2(4)1240bx b y b +-+-=点M 到直线AB的距离d =,相交弦长即:AB ===…14分当45b =时,AB.……………………………………17分。
二年级期末考试卷答案【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 下列哪个选项是描述专业课原理的正确说法?A. 专业课原理是研究学科基本规律的学科B. 专业课原理是研究学科应用技术的学科C. 专业课原理是研究学科历史发展的学科D. 专业课原理是研究学科理论体系的学科2. 专业课原理的学习目的是什么?A. 培养学生的实践能力B. 培养学生的理论素养C. 培养学生的创新能力D. 培养学生的领导能力3. 专业课原理的研究方法主要包括哪些?A. 实证研究法和案例研究法B. 理论研究法和实验研究法C. 文献研究法和比较研究法D. 定性研究法和定量研究法4. 专业课原理的基本内容包括哪些?A. 学科的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法B. 学科的基本理论、基本技术和基本应用C. 学科的基本历史、基本现状和基本趋势D. 学科的基本体系、基本分支和基本问题5. 专业课原理的应用领域主要包括哪些?A. 科学研究、教育教学和社会实践B. 技术开发、经济管理和文化艺术C. 政策制定、战略规划和组织管理D. 市场营销、人力资源和企业运营二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. 专业课原理是研究学科基本规律的学科。
()2. 专业课原理的学习目的是培养学生的实践能力。
()3. 专业课原理的研究方法主要包括实证研究法和案例研究法。
()4. 专业课原理的基本内容包括学科的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法。
()5. 专业课原理的应用领域主要包括技术开发、经济管理和文化艺术。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. 专业课原理是研究学科____、____和____的学科。
2. 专业课原理的学习目的是培养学生的____、____和____。
3. 专业课原理的研究方法主要包括____、____和____。
4. 专业课原理的基本内容包括____、____和____。
5. 专业课原理的应用领域主要包括____、____和____。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. 简述专业课原理的研究对象。
2002年英语专业四级考试试卷及答案Part ⅠWRITING [45 MIN.]SECTION A COMPOSITIONNowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy?Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:THE BEST WAY TO STAY HEALTHYYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state what you think is the best way.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN.]Write a note of about 50 - 60 words based on the following situation:You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.一.听力Part ⅡDICTATION [15 MIN.]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Part Ⅲ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements .At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.1. The speaker is most probably a(n) ___.A. architectB. construction workerC. tourist guideD. housing agent2. What does the statement mean?A. Travel is much faster and convenient now than before.B. People are now travelling much more than in old days.C. Traveling to far-away places has become very common.D. It used to take two more weeks to travel by coach than now3. The speaker feels sorry because___.A. he can’t attend tomorrow’s dinner.B. his wife can’t attend tomorrow’s dinner.C. the couple can’t attend tomorrow’s dinner.D. the couple would be unable to cook the dinner.4. Where is the speaker?A. In the zoo.B. In the classroom.C. In the library.D. At a meeting.5. What does the statement mean?A. One’s success is largely dependent on intelligence.B. Low motivation may lead to poor performance.C. Motivated people are more likely to succeed.D. Both motivation and intelligence are important.6. What does the speaker suggest?A. We should read word by word to get his meaning.B. We should read line by line to get his meaning.C. We should try to find the hidden meaning.D. We should try to find the lines and read them aloud.7. How much does the overcoat cost at the regular price?A. 120. . . .8. What does the speaker mean?A. The sports meet has been cancelled.B. The sports meet has been held despite the rain.C. The time has been set for the sports meet.D. When the sports meet will be held is yet to be known.SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. 9. What are the speakers probably going to do?A. To persuade Mary to spend more time on her lessonsB. To help Mary to prepare for the upcoming concert.C. To talk with Mary about going to the concert.D. To ask Mary to stop worrying about the exam10. What can we learn about the man?A. He firmly believes in UFOs.B. He is doubtful about UFOs.C. He is sure many people have seen UFOs.D. He thinks many people have lied about UFOs.11. Which of the following has the man never been interested in?A. Electronic music.B. Civil engineering.C. Electronics.D. Electronic engineering.12. What does the man mean?A. The milk is safe to drink.B. The milk is not safe to drink.C. She s houldn’t have bought the milk.D. He wouldn’t have milk for breakfast.13. How many people were caught in the fire?. . . .14. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman will attend her course at 7:45.B. The woman will be late for the blood test.C. The woman will have her blood tested before the first class.D. The woman decides to miss the first class for her blood test.15. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Salesman and customer.B. Expert on jewelry and his wife.C. Estate agent and client.D. Husband and wife.16. How does the man probably feel?A. Nervous.B. Uninterested.C. Confident.D. Upset.17. What do we know about Bill?A. He is thoughtful.B. He is forgetful.C. He is careless.D. He is helpful.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 18 and 19 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.18. Which of the following is NOT a condition for the reduction of debts?A. Poverty elimination.B. Good government.C. Fight against corruption.D. Poor living standard.19. By cancelling the debts owed to her, Britain intends to ___a similar scheme proposed by the International Monetary Fund.A. rejectB. restartC. followD. reviewQuestions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.20. What happened during the accident?A. A train hit another train.B. A train killed 23 people.C. A train went off its tracks.D. A train was trapped inside the station.21. Which of the following statements best describes the condition of the passengers?A. No one was fatally injured.B. There were many heavy casualties.C. No one was hurt during the accident.D. Someone was killed during the accidentQuestions 22 and 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.22. The civil servants held a strike to protest___.A. spending cuts.B. reform measuresC. pay cuts.D. low pay.23. The civil servants’ strike was staged ___the general strike.A. a few days afterB. a few days beforeC. a few weeks afterD. a few weeks beforeQuestions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.24. Which is the main idea of the news?A. Industrial relations in Germany.B. The German energy industry.C. Coalition in the government.D. Closure of nuclear reactors.25. The decision to shut down nuclear reactors resulted from the demand from___.A. the GovernmentB. the energy industryC. a party in the coalitionD. a declining need for nuclear energy三.完型填空Part Ⅳ CLOZE [15 MIN.]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ( 26 ) a very simple affair in the beginning.( 27 ), when we observe the language behaviour of ( 28 )we regard as primitive cultures, we find it ( 29 )complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000words ( 30 ) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English.( 31 ), these Eskimo words are far more highly infleeted (词尾转变的) than ( 32 ) of any of the well -known European languages, for a( 33 )noun can be spoken or written in ( 34 ) hundred different forms, each ( 35 )a precise meaning different from that of any other.The forms of the verbs are even more ( 36 ). The Eskimo language is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn,( 37 ) the result that almost no traders or explorers have( 38 )tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon ( 39 )to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually( 40 ) by travellers as “the Eskimo langua ge〞.26. A. must be B. must have beenC. ought to beD. should be27. A. However B. ThereforeC. ProbablyD. Undoubtedly28. A. whose B. thatC. whichD. what29. A. conspicuously B. usuallyC. surprisinglyD. sufficiently30. A. so as B. so thatC. as suchD. as well as31. A. However B. MoreoverC. ThoughD. Therefore32. A. the others B. all othersC. theseD. those33. A. single B. singularC. pluralD. compound34. A. some B. severalC. variousD. varied35. A. getting B. causingC. havingD. owning36. A. endless B. multipleC. uncountableD. numerous37. A. with B. forC. owing toD. as38. A. still B. indeedC. justD. even39. A. alike B. similarC. relatedD. relevant40. A. referred to B. talked aboutC. spokenD. told三.选择Part Ⅴ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY [15 MIN.]There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.41. She did her work ___her manager had instructed.A. asB. untilC. whenD. though42. ___of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. NoneB. BothC. NeitherD. All43. For some time now, world leaders___ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.A. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed44. Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?A. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where45. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ___should make great differences in our life next summer.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. they46. AIDS is said ___ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been47. She managed to save ___she could out of her wages to help her brother.A. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. such little moneyD. what little money48. Fool ___Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. thatD. like49. The experiment requires more money than___.A. have been put inB. being put inC. has been put inD. to be put in50. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not51. “What courses are you going to do next semester?〞“I don’t know. But it’s about time ___on something.〞A. I’ d decideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I’ m deciding52. The police have offered a large___ for information leading to the robber’s arrest.A. awardB. compensationC. prizeD. reward53. I arrived at the airport so late that I ___missed the plane.A. onlyB. quiteC. narrowlyD. seldom54. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely___.A. unjustifiedB. unjustC. misguidedD. unaccepted55. The head of the Museum was ___and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.A. promisingB. agreeingC. pleasingD. obliging56. The multinational corporation was making a take-over ___for a property company.A. applicationB. bidC. proposalD. suggestion57. The party’ s reduced vote was ___ of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident58. There has been a___ lack of communication between the union and the management.A. regretfulB. regrettableC. regrettingD. regretted59. The teacher ___expects his students to pass the university entrance examination.A. confidentiallyB. proudlyC. assuredlyD. confidently60. The ___family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.A. normalB. average C usual D. general61. The new colleague ___to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.A. confessesB. declares C claims D. confirms62. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few___ from the novel.A. piecesB. essays C fragments D. extracts63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) ___ room in the hotels here.A. emptyB. vacantC. freeD. deserted64. The old couple will never ___the loss of their son.A. get overB. get away C get off D. get across65. Scientific research results can now be quickly___ to factory production.A. usedB. applied C tried D. practiced四.阅读理解APart Ⅵ READING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN.]SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AMany of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simple change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. Ifone compares the i mage of the woman in the women’s magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals; one realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to be struck: if you show a labour-saving device, follow it up with a complicated’ recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce “that lovely homo-baked flavour the family love〞, and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work.66. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to liberate woman___.A. remove unpleasant aspects of houseworkB. save the housewife very little timeC. save the housewife’s time but not her moneyD. have absolutely no value for the housewife67. According to the context, “capital investment〞 refers to money___.A. spent on a washing machineB. borrowed from the bankC. saved in the bankD. lent to other people68. The goods advertised in women’s magazines are really meant to ___.A. free housewives from houseworkB. encourage housewives to go out to workC. make housewives into excellent cooksD. give them a false sense of fulfillmentTEXT BThe “standard of living〞of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’ s standard o f living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth〞 in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods〞such as food and clothing, and “services〞 such as transport and entertainment.A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most ofwhich have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favourable climate; other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth thananother country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled.A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.69. The standard of living in a country is determined by ___.A. its goods and servicesB. the type of wealth producedC. how well it can create wealthD. what an ordinary person can share70. A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT ___.A. people’s share of its goodsB. political and social stabilityC. qualities of its workersD. use of natural resources71. According to the passage, ___ play an equally important rule in determining a country’s standard of living.A. farm productsB. industrial .goodsC. foodstuffsD. export and import TEXT CHow we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up inthe same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy〞 look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!72. The author thinks that people are ___.A. satisfied with their appearanceB. concerned about appearance in old ageC. far from neglecting what is in fashionD. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion73. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to___.A. confidence in lifeB. personal dressC. individual hair styleD. personal future74. Causes of fashions are ___.A. uniformB. variedC. unknownD. inexplicable.75. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes___.A. uniformityB. formalityC. informalityD. individuality76. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Care about appearance in formal situations.B. Fashion in formal and informal situations.C. Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D. Ignoring appearance in all situations.TEXT DMassive changes in all of the world’s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it’s one of London’s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders.The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Cola or Budweiser as well.The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $ 10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $ 100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine howmuch that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of asport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Tide〞 fight, and this means that the titlefights have to be held in different countries around the world!77. Globalization of sporting culture means that ___.A. more people are taking up sports.B. traditional sports are getting popular.C. many local sports are becoming internationalD. foreigners are more interested in local sports78. Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?A. Good economic returns.B. Revival of sportsC. Communications technology.D. Marketing strategies.79. What is the author’s attitude towards the sug gestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?A. Favourable.B. Unclear.C. Reserved.D. Critical.80. People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because___.A. they become more professional than ever.B. they regard sports as consumer goods.C. there exist few world-class championshipsD. sports events are exciting and stimulating听力原文及解析PART II DICTATIONDisappearing ForestsThe world’s forests are disappearing. As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world’s species, thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet, as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop-growing. By the 1990’ s less than half of the earth’ s original rain forests remained, and they continued to dis appear at an alarming rate every year. As a result the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction.PART Ⅲ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1. Next I’d like to show you a three-bedroom apartment on the second floor which is a newly built one we have for rent.2. It used to take a fortnight to travel from London to Edinburgh by coach. However, you could never travel many times around the world in that time.3. Jack, thank you for inviting us to dinner in your house tomorrow. But I’m e xtremelysorry that my wife and I won’t be able to make it.4. Last time we discussed some patterns of animal behavior and in today’s lecture you’ll concentrate on the methods used in the study of animals.5. In my opinion motivation, rather than intelligence, often decides how far a person can go in his career.6. In order to understand this writer thoroughly, you have to read between the lines.7. Last week at the sale Jane bought herself an overcoat for 30 pounds which was one quarter of the regular price.8. Due to the continual rain the school sports meet has been postponed again till further notice from the principal’s office.SECTION B CONVERSATION9. M: I’m really getting worried about Mary. She was sitting in for the exam in two weeks’ time. But all she is talking about now is nothing but an upcoming concert.W: She may fail along that line. Let’s try to talk some sense into her.10. W: Tony, do you have a belief in UFOs?M: Me? Well, I have never seen. But there are a lot of people who have, or they think they have, seen.11. M: You know, I started out in civil engineering, then I switched to electronic engineering. But what really interests me is electronic music.W: Well, that’s a long way away from civil eng ineering.12. W: How about a pound of milk for our breakfast? But it doesn’t seem to look fresh now. Do you think it is still all right to drink?M: Let me smell it. Well, it has gone off. If I were you, I wouldn’t even think of it. 13. M: Is it true that all of them survived the fire last night?W: Yes, a miracle, isn’t it? There was a couple on the second floor and two women and three kids on the ground floor. But no one was badly hurt.14. M: I’m going to take a blood test at 7:45 tomorrow mor ning.W: In that case, you won’t miss any courses tomorrow morning then.15. M: I’m not really an expert on precious stones, but these are superb. Don’t you like them?W: Have you looked at the price tag? It costs almost twice as much as a house where we。
2002年高考英语真题及答案全国卷第一卷(三部分,共115分)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分) 省略第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things .A. stoleB. missingC. missedD. stealing22. Be quiet, everybody. The students of Class Two _______ a listening test.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. are having23. She earns a good salary, so she _______ be deep in debt.A. can’tB. mustC. needn’tD. should24. Their play _______ great success and brought a large profit to the theatre.A. appreciatedB. enjoyedC. expectedD. seized25. He pressed the button and _______ a loud sound was heard in the distance.A. finallyB. actuallyC. completelyD. immediately26. _______ road out of town is good, but this one is better than the other.A. BothB. AnyC. NoneD. Neither27. --Mike bought her mother a bunch of flowers today.--Yes. He _______ yesterday too.A. didB. hadC. wouldD. bought28. _______ so much electrical equipment, wood and paper in one place, there is a danger of fire.A. ForB. InC. WithD. By29. Espresso coffee makers require more attention than _______ .A. drip coffee makers areB. drip coffee makersC. are other drip coffee makersD. so are drip coffee makers30. Birds make nests in trees _______ they can hide their young in the leaves and branches.A. howB. whichC. whereD. by31. Physical fitness exercise can cause injuries _______ the participants are not careful.A. thisB. untilC. even ifD. if32. You asked us to send you our price and catalogue for the season. I’m sure you’ll find plenty tointerest you in _______ .A. thisB. itC. oneD. those33. There being nothing to say, the secretary got to his feet, _______goodbye and left the room.A. thisB. sayingC. saidD. to say34. If the work _______by the end of this month is delayed, the construct ion company will be fined.A. is completedB. to be completedC. has been completedD. being completed35. --Do you think our basketballers played well last night?-- _______ .A. There were quite youngB. They couldn’t have done betterC. They played regularly and naturallyD. They were not nervous at all第二节完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2002年职称英语考试综合类A级试题第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.A jumpsB risesC fallsD changes2 Did you do that to irritate her?A teaseB attractC annoyD protect3 Mary looked pale and weary.A illB tiredC worriedD peaceful4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage(污水).A pollutedB downgradedC mixedD blackened5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive.A very boringB verythoroughC very interestingD very touching6 Alice is a fascinating girl.A a beautifulB a prettyC an attractiveD a pleasant7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.A displayedB shownC provedD assessed8 The old lady let her flat to an English couple.A offeredB rentedC providedD sold9 She stood there crying and trembling with fear.A shakingB staggeringC strugglingD murmuring10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.A ranB rolledC walkedD raced11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.A arguedB derived12 I can no longer tolerate his actions.A put up withB acceptC takeD suffer from13 Our plan is to a11ocate one member of staff to handle appointmentsA askB persuadeC assignD order14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage.A extensiveB negativeC responsiveD explosive15 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.A supplyB reachC provideD meet第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的信息是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)理科综合能力测试第I 卷(选择题 共120分)7.(02全国理综)0.01 mol ·L -1的某一元弱酸溶液 pH =4,则它的电离度为 A .1% B .2% C .5% D .10%8.(02全国理综)某温度下,100 g 饱和氯化钠溶液中含有氯化钠26.5 g 。
若向此溶液中添加3.5 g 氯化钠和6.5 g 水,则所得溶液的溶质质量分数是A .30%B .5.61005.35.26++×100%C .26.5%D .5.35.61005.35.26+++×100% 9.(02全国理综)有人曾建议用AG 表示溶液的酸度(acidity arede ),AG 的定义为AG =lgc(H +)/c(OH -)。
下列表述正确的是A .在25℃时,若溶液呈中性,则pH =7,AG =1B .在25℃时,若溶液呈酸性,则pH <7,AG <0C .在25℃时,岩溶液呈碱性,则pH >7,AG >0D .在25℃时,溶液的pH 与AG 的换算公式为AG =2(7-pH)10.(02全国理综)常温下,将甲酸和氢氧化钠溶液混合,所得溶液 pH =7,则此溶液中A .c(HCOO -)>c(Na +)B .c(HCOO -)<c(Na +)C .c(HCOO -)=c(Na +)D .无法确定HCOO -与Na +的浓度关系11.(02全国理综)两种元素原子的核外电子层数之比与最外层电子数之比相等,则在周期表的前10号元素中,满足上述关系的元素共有A .1对B .2对C .3对D .4对12.(02全国理综)用足量的CO 还原32.0 g 某种氧化物,将生成的气体通入足量澄清石灰水中,得到60 g 沉淀,则该氧化物是A .FeOB .Fe 2O 3C .CuOD .Cu 2O13.(02全国理综)化合价为n 的某元素的硝酸盐的式量为x ,其氢氧化物的式量为y ,则n 的值是A .45yx - B .45x y - C .79yx - D .79xy -14.(02全国理综)L 多巴是一种有机物,它可用于帕金森综合症的治疗,其结构简式如下:这种药物的研制是基于获得2000年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖和获得2001年诺贝尔化学奖的研究成果。
2002年能力考2级真题详解(词汇语法篇)問題Ⅳ1.試験の結果を気にする_______、夜眠れなくなってしまった。
1まで2わけ3あまり4ばかり※考点解析:测试点是「あまり」的用法。
「あまり」接表示感觉或情感的名词或动词后,表示其极端的程度,后半句叙述因而产生的不良结果。
可译为“过度、过于、太”。
·母は悲しみのあまり、病気の床に就いてしまった。
/ 母亲由于过于悲伤,病倒在床上。
选项2「わけ」也可以表示原因,但它以「~わけだ」的形式表示从已知事项而导出的合乎规律的逻辑关系。
选项1「まで」和选项4「ばかり」是副助词,因意思不通都不能用。
正确答案是:3译文:由于太在意考试的结果,晚上都睡不着觉了。
2.雨が_______、家帰った方がいい。
1降らなくて2降らないで3降らない先に4降らないうちに※考点解析:测试点是「~うちに」的用法。
「~うちに」多接「名词+の」或表示状态的动词、形容词的连体形或持续动词的「~ている」或「~ない」后。
表示在产生变化,或与现在相反的状态出现前做某动作。
可译为“趁着……”,该题选项「降らないうちに」(趁雨还没下起来)就是此用法。
即一旦前项发生了变化,后项的实现将出现困难。
「ないうちに」可以与「~する前に」互换。
·若いうちに一生懸命勉強しなさい。
/ 趁着年轻努力学习吧。
选项3「降らない先に」的「先に」一般以独立的形式出现,若替换成「前に」,该句成立。
选项1「降らなくて」、选项2「降らないで」都表示原因,因意思不通都不能用。
正确答案是:4译文:趁着雨还没下,赶紧回家吧。
3.家の近くに新しい駅ができた_______便利になってうれしい。
1ためには2おかげで3せいで4ためで※考点解析:测试点是「おかげで」的用法以及与其他表示原因的用法的区别。
「おかげで」接「名词+の」或用言连体形后,表示原因、理由。
可译为“多亏、幸亏、由于” 。
·今年は夏が涼しかったおかげで、冷房はほとんど使わずにすんだ。
2002年全国二卷物理真题1、82.甲、乙两球的质量相等,体积关系为V甲=6V乙,构成两球物质的密度关系为ρ乙=3ρ甲。
如果两球中有一个是空心的,另一个是实心的,则下列说法中正确的是()[单选题] *A.甲的空心部分体积为V乙B.甲的空心部分体积为3V乙(正确答案)C.乙的空心部分体积为1/4V乙D.乙的空心部分体积为3/4V乙2、16.为测量某种液体的密度,小明利用天平和量杯测量了液体和量杯的总质量m及液体的体积V,得到了几组数据并绘出了m﹣V图像。
下列说法正确的是()[单选题] *A.该液体密度为lg/cm3B.该液体密度为33g/cm3C.量杯质量为80gD.100cm3的该液体质量为80g(正确答案)3、40.小明家的厨房里有一个恰好能装下1kg水的玻璃瓶子,现有汽油、酒精和硫酸三种液体,它能够装下1kg的哪种液体()(已知ρ汽油<ρ酒精<ρ水<ρ硫酸)[单选题] *A.汽油B.酒精C.硫酸(正确答案)D.都能装下4、在科学实践课上,老师将一只模型鸟的尖嘴支在矿泉水瓶盖上,模型鸟的整个身体就能悬空保持平衡,如图64所示。
下列说法正确的是()[单选题]A.模型鸟的重心在它的尾部B.模型鸟的重心在它的中部C.模型鸟的重心在它所受支持力的作用线上(正确答案)D.模型鸟所受重力和支持力不在同一条直线上5、87.把一个实心铁块放入盛满水的容器中,溢出水的质量是5g,若把铁块放入盛满酒精的容器中,则溢出酒精的质量是()(ρ酒精=8×103kg/m3,ρ水=0×103kg/m3)[单选题] *A.5gB.5gC.4g(正确答案)D.36g6、用如图所示的装置做“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”实验:1.小车从靠近定滑轮处释放.[判断题] *对错(正确答案)7、磁场的基本性质是对放入其中的导体有力的作用[判断题] *对错(正确答案)答案解析:磁场的基本性质是对放入其中的磁体有力的作用8、4.研究地球的公转及自转时地球都可视为质点.[判断题] *对错(正确答案)9、关于家庭电路和安全用电,下列说法正确的是()[单选题] A.我国家庭电路电压为380VB.发生短路会导致家庭电路中总电流过大(正确答案)C.用湿布擦正在发光的台灯D.在未断开电源开关的情况下更换灯泡10、66.下列“粘”的现象,与静电有关的是()[单选题] * A.湿餐布贴在冰冷的食品表面,可将食品粘住B.两个铅柱底面削平挤压后,能粘在一起C.在干燥的天气里,穿在身上的化纤衣服易粘住毛线(正确答案) D.用硬纸片盖住装满水的玻璃杯,倒置后,纸片粘在杯口不落下11、5.下列关于声音的说法错误的是()[单选题] *A.音调是由发声体振动频率决定的B.“公共场所不要大声说话”是要求人们说话的声音音调要低一些(正确答案)C.“响鼓也要重锤敲”,说明声音是由振动产生的,且振幅越大响度越大D.学业考试期间,学校路段禁止汽车鸣笛,这是在声源处控制噪声12、43.在试管中放少量碘,塞紧盖子放入热水中,当固态碘变为紫色的碘蒸气并充满试管后,将试管从热水中取出,放入凉水中,碘蒸气又会变为固态碘附在试管内壁上,关于碘的物态变化过程,下列说法正确的是()[单选题] *A.先升华后凝华(正确答案)B.先汽化后凝固C.先升华后凝固D.先汽化后凝华13、图66是我国早期的指南针——司南,是把天然磁石磨成勺子的形状,把它放在水平光滑的“地盘”上,东汉学者王充在《论衡》中记载:“司南之杓(用途),投之于地,其柢(握柄)指南”。
2002年全国高考英语试题及答案第一卷〔三局部, 共115分〕第一局部:听力〔共两节, 总分值30分〕做题时, 先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容完毕后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节〔共5小题;每题15分, 总分值75分〕听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.£19. 15.B. £9. 15.C. £9. 18.答案是B 。
1. Who is Chris Paine?A. A computer engineer.B. A book seller.C. A writer.2. What are the two speakers talking about?A. A football player.B. A football team.C. A football match.3. Why did the woman buy a heavy coat for Jimmy?A. Winter is coming soon.B. Jimmy'll go into the mountains.C. Jimmy has caught a cold.4. Where is the woman?A. In a soap factory.B. In her house.C. At an information desk.5. When is the man checking in?A. Friday.B. Thursday.C. Tuesday.第二节〔共15小题;每题1.5分, 总分值225分〕听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
一二二年级下册期末试卷【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 下列哪项是X原理的核心概念?A.B.C.D.2. 在X过程中,以下哪种情况最不可能发生?A.B.C.D.3. 关于X原理,以下哪项描述是正确的?A.B.C.D.4. 在X实验中,通常用来表示的符号是什么?A.B.C.D.5. X理论的主要贡献者是谁?A.B.C.D.二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. X原理只适用于小型系统。
()2. 在X过程中,温度的升高总是导致反应速率的增加。
()3. X理论和理论是相互矛盾的。
()4. 在X实验中,控制变量法是一种常用的研究方法。
()5. X原理最早是由中国的科学家提出的。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. X原理是研究________的一种基本方法。
2. 在X过程中,________是影响结果的关键因素。
3. X理论认为,________是系统稳定性的基础。
4. 在X实验中,________是用来测量的仪器。
5. X原理在________领域有着广泛的应用。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. 简述X原理的基本概念。
2. X过程的主要步骤有哪些?3. X理论的主要观点是什么?4. 在X实验中,如何控制实验误差?5. X原理在现代社会中的应用有哪些?五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)1. 假设一个X系统,根据X原理,计算其输出结果。
2. 在X过程中,如果改变了某个条件,预测结果会如何变化?3. 利用X理论,分析一个实际系统的稳定性。
4. 设计一个X实验,验证X原理。
5. 结合X原理,探讨其在某个具体领域的应用。
六、分析题(每题5分,共10分)1. 分析X原理在解决实际问题中的作用和局限性。
2. 结合实例,探讨X过程在不同领域中的应用和影响。
七、实践操作题(每题5分,共10分)1. 设计一个X实验,通过实验数据验证X原理。
2. 结合X原理,设计一个解决实际问题的方案,并评估其可行性。
全国英语等级考试⼆级真题及答案 Keep on going never give up.以下是⼩编为⼤家搜索整理的全国英语等级考试⼆级真题及答案,希望能给⼤家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业⽣考试⽹! 全国英语等级考试⼆级真题及答案篇1 第⼀部分听⼒ 第⼀节听下⾯5段对话。
每段对话后有⼀个⼩题,从题中所给的A.、[B1、C.三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。
每段对话仅读⼀遍。
1. What are the speakers talking about? A. Holiday plans. B. Moving to New York. C. A party with old friends. 2. What is the woman going to do on Sunday? A. Go to the beach with the man. B. Have a dinner with her family. C. Receive' some guests at home. 3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Neighbors. C. Strangers. 4. What do we know about John's new job? A. It is well paid. B. It is near his home. C. It has long working hours. 5. What does Kate promise to do? A. Answer phone calls for Jim. B. Go to a meeting with Jim. C. Send a message to Jim. 第⼆节听下⾯5段对话或独⽩。
期末测试卷第一部分:听力(共两节,每小题1分,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡。
第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)回答听力部分时,请先将答案标在试卷上,听力部分结束前,你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观答题卡上第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍1. What time is it?A. 11:15.B. 11:30.C. 12:15.2. What will the woman probably do?A. Wait to see if the problem will disappear.B. Ask the man to repair her fridge.C. Call a repairman soon.3. What does the woman mean?A. She is too busy.B. She will type the work plan.C. She wants to be the man’s secretary.4. What are the speakers probably?A. Workers.B. Students.C. Sales people.5. What do we know about the man?A. He doesn’t surf online very much.B. His friends have stopped phoning him.C. He spent much time on the Internet.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听下面4段对话或独白。
2年级期末测试卷【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 下列哪项是X原理的核心概念?A.B.C.D.2. 在X过程中,以下哪个因素是最关键的?A.B.C.D.3. 关于X原理,以下哪项描述是正确的?A.B.C.D.4. 在X实验中,通常用来表示X的符号是什么?A.B.C.D.5. X原理在哪个领域应用最为广泛?A.B.C.D.二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)6. X原理是由X科学家在20世纪初提出的。
()7. X现象可以通过X原理来解释。
()8. 在X过程中,温度是一个无关紧要的因素。
()9. X原理只适用于微观系统。
()10. X实验是验证X原理的经典实验。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)11. X原理是描述_________的一种基本理论。
12. 在_________过程中,X原理起着关键作用。
13. X实验通过_________来验证X原理。
14. X现象的发生,是基于_________的原理。
15. X原理的提出,为_________领域的发展奠定了基础。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)16. 简述X原理的基本内容。
17. X原理在现实生活中的应用有哪些?18. 描述X实验的基本步骤和结果。
19. 解释X现象与X原理之间的关系。
20. X原理对未来科技发展有何重要意义?五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)21. 假设一个X系统,根据X原理,计算其X值。
22. 分析一个X现象,使用X原理进行解释。
23. 设计一个实验来验证X原理在X情况下的有效性。
24. 根据X原理,预测X现象在X条件下的变化。
25. 通过X原理,解决一个X问题。
六、分析题(每题5分,共10分)26. 分析X原理在X领域的具体应用,并举例说明。
27. 讨论X原理对未来科技发展的潜在影响。
七、实践操作题(每题5分,共10分)28. 设计一个实验来验证X原理。
29. 通过实际操作,观察X现象,并使用X原理进行解释。
答卷时应注意事项1、拿到试卷,要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。
2、拿到试卷不要提笔就写,先大致的浏览一遍,有多少大题,每个大题里有几个小题,有什么题型,哪些容易,哪些难,做到心里有底;3、审题,每个题目都要多读几遍,不仅要读大题,还要读小题,不放过每一个字,遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目,手指点读,多读几遍题目,就能理解题意了;容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍,比如从小到大,从左到右这样的题;4、每个题目做完了以后,把自己的手从试卷上完全移开,好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题;试卷第1页和第2页上下衔接的地方一定要注意,仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题;5、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题,注意安排好时间,先把后面会做的做完,再来重新读题,结合平时课堂上所学的知识,解答难题;一定要镇定,不能因此慌了手脚,影响下面的答题;6、卷面要清洁,字迹要清工整,非常重要;7、做完的试卷要检查,这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题,检查的时候,用手指点读题目,不要管自己的答案,重新分析题意,所有计算题重新计算,判断题重新判断,填空题重新填空,之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。
亲爱的小朋友,你们好!经过两个月的学习,你们一定有不小的收获吧,用你的自信和智慧,认真答题,相信你一定会闯关成功。
相信你是最棒的!高一年级第二学期期末测试物 理 试 卷(A卷)满分100分,考试时间100分钟学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷 选择题(共46分)评卷人得分一、单选题(共30分)1.(本题3分)一辆汽车在水平公路上转弯,沿曲线由M点向N点行驶,速度逐渐减小。
图中分别画出了汽车转弯时所受合力F和速度的方向,其中正确的是( )A.B.C.D.2.(本题3分)下列各种运动中,属于匀变速曲线运动的有( )A.匀速直线运动B.匀速圆周运动C.平抛运动D.竖直上抛运动3.(本题3分)许多科学家在物理学发展过程中做出了重要贡献,下列表述正确的是( )A.牛顿第一定律是通过多次实验总结出来的一条实验定律B.开普勒三大定律揭示了行星的运动规律,为万有引力定律的发现奠定了基础C.库仑通过著名的扭秤实验测出了引力常量的数值D.亚里士多德发现了力是改变物体运动状态的原因,而不是维持物体运动的原因4.(本题3分)一物理学习小组在竖直电梯里研究超重失重现象:力传感器上端固定在铁架台上,下端悬挂一个质量为m的钩码。
上海十二年级期末试卷【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 下列哪个选项是描述该专业课基本原理的正确说法?A.B.C.D.2. 在该专业课的学习中,下列哪项是核心概念之一?A.B.C.D.3. 关于该专业课的基本原理,以下哪个描述是错误的?A.B.C.D.4. 以下哪项是该专业课在实际应用中的一个重要体现?A.B.C.D.5. 在该专业课的学习中,下列哪项技能被认为是最关键的?A.B.C.D.二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)6. 该专业课的原理在现代社会中已经不再重要。
()7. 该专业课的学习主要依赖于记忆而非理解。
()8. 该专业课的原理可以直接应用于解决实际问题。
()9. 该专业课的学习只需要关注理论,不需要实践操作。
()10. 该专业课的原理是其他相关领域的基础。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)11. 该专业课的核心原理是______。
12. 在该专业课的学习中,______是一个重要的环节。
13. 该专业课的原理在______领域有广泛的应用。
14. 通过学习该专业课,学生能够掌握______的基本技能。
15. 该专业课的学习有助于培养学生的______能力。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)16. 简述该专业课的一个基本原理。
17. 解释该专业课在实际生活中的应用。
18. 描述该专业课学习的重要性。
19. 举例说明该专业课的一个核心概念。
20. 讨论该专业课对未来职业发展的影响。
五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)21. 假设你遇到一个与该专业课原理相关的问题,请描述你的解决思路。
22. 设计一个实验来验证该专业课的一个原理。
23. 分析一个与该专业课原理相关的案例。
24. 解释如何将该专业课的原理应用于你的日常生活中。
25. 讨论该专业课原理在当前社会中的一个具体应用。
六、分析题(每题5分,共10分)26. 分析该专业课原理在历史和现代社会的演变。
27. 论述该专业课原理对未来科技发展的影响。
2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末考前必刷卷物理(考试时间:75分钟试卷满分:90分)注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.测试范围:八年级下册(人教版)。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~7题只有一项符合题目要求,第8~10题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得3分,选对但不全的得1分,有选错或不答的得0分。
1.如图所示,一根羽毛放置在长木片上,并保持静上状态。
下列对羽毛受到重力的分析中错误的是()A.重力是由于地球的吸引而受到的力B.重力方向是竖直向下的C.重心位置在羽毛上的a点D.重心位置在羽毛上的b点【答案】D【详解】A.重力都是受地球的吸引而获得的,重力的施力物体是地球,故A正确,不符合题意;B.重力的方向的应用,重锤线检验墙壁的是否竖直,原因重力的方向总是竖直向下,故B正确,不符合题意;CD.支持力的作用点在a点,羽毛保持静止状态,说明受力平衡,根据二力平衡条件知,所以重心在a点,故C正确,不符合题意,D错误,符合题意。
故选D。
试卷第2页,共24页2.月球对其表面物体的引力只有地球对地面物体引力的六分之一。
设想我们乘宇宙飞船到达月球后,下列说法中正确的是()A .地球上质量为60kg 的物体,在月球上质量只有10kgB .在地球上重为600N 的人,在月球上重为100NC .一根轻弹簧,在地球表面将它拉长1cm 需要6N 的拉力,在月球上只需要1N 的拉力D .一个金属球在月球上的密度仅为它在地球上的六分之一【答案】B【详解】A .质量是物体的固有属性,不会随着位置、形状、状态的改变而改变,地球上质量为60kg 的物体,在月球上质量还是60kg ,故A 错误;B .月球对其表面物体的引力只有地球对地面物体引力的六分之一,在地球上重为600N 的人,在月球上重为100N ,故B 正确;C .弹簧的伸长量与弹簧受到的拉力成正比,在地球表面将它拉长1cm 需要6N 的拉力,在月球上也需要6N 的拉力,故C 错误;D .密度是物质的一种特性,物体的密度等于其质量与体积之比,金属球从地球运到月球,它的质量和体积都不变,所以密度不会改变,故D 错误。
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海)物理本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分150分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共40分)一、(40分)选择题.本大题共8小题,每小题5分.每小题给出的四个答案中,至少有一个是正确的.把正确答案全选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内.每一小题全选对的得5分;选对但不全,得部分分;有选错或不答的,得0分.填写在方括号外的字母,不作为选出的答案.1.图中P为放在匀强电场中的天然放射源,其放出的射线在电场的作用下分成a、b、c三束,以下判断正确的是A.a为α射线、b为β射线B.a为β射线、b为γ射线C.b为γ射线、c为α射线D.b为α射线、c为γ射线2.下列各图中,p表示压强,V表示体积,T表示热力学温度,t表示摄氏温度,各图中正确描述一定质量理想气体等压变化规律的是3.在如图所示电路中,当变阻器R3的滑动头P向b端移动时,A.电压表示数变大,电流表示数变小B.电压表示数变小,电流表示数变大C.电压表示数变大,电流表示数变大D.电压表示数变小,电流表示数变小4.如图所示,S1、S2是振动情况完全相同的两个机械波波源,振幅为A,a、b、c三点分别位于S1、S2连线的中垂线上,且ab=bc.某时刻a是两列波的波峰相遇点,c是两列波的波谷相遇点,则A.a处质点的位移始终为2AB.c处质点的位移始终为-2AC.b处质点的振幅为2AD.c处质点的振幅为2A5.如图所示,A、B为大小、形状均相同且内壁光滑,但用不同材料制成的圆管,竖直固定在相同高度.两个相同的磁性小球,同时从A、B管上端的管口无初速释放,穿过A管的小球比穿过B管的小球先落到地面.下面对于两管的描述中可能正确的是A.A管是用塑料制成的,B管是用铜制成的B.A管是用铝制成的,B管是用胶木制成的C.A管是用胶木制成的,B管是用塑料制成的D.A管是用胶木制成的,B管是用铝制成的6.如图所示,在粗糙水平面上固定一点电荷Q,在M点无初速释放一带有恒定电量的小物块,小物块在Q的电场中运动到N点静止,则从M点运动到N点的过程中A.小物块所受电场力逐渐减小B.小物块具有的电势能逐渐减小C.M点的电势一定高于N点的电势D.小物块电势能变化量的大小一定等于克服摩擦力做的功7.一航天探测器完成对月球的探测任务后,在离开月球的过程中,由静止开始沿着与月球表面成一倾斜角的直线飞行,先加速运动,再匀速运动.探测器通过喷气而获得推动力.以下关于喷气方向的描述中正确的是A.探测器加速运动时,沿直线向后喷气B.探测器加速运动时,竖直向下喷气C.探测器匀速运动时,竖直向下喷气D.探测器匀速运动时,不需要喷气8.太阳从东边升起,西边落下,是地球上的自然现象,但在某些条件下,在纬度较高地区上空飞行的飞机上,旅客可以看到太阳从西边升起的奇妙现象.这些条件是A.时间必须是在清晨,飞机正在由东向西飞行,飞机的速度必须较大B.时间必须是在清晨,飞机正在由西向东飞行,飞机的速度必须较大C.时间必须是在傍晚,飞机正在由东向西飞行,飞机的速度必须较大D.时间必须是在傍晚,飞机正在由西向东飞行,飞机的速度不能太大第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共110分)二、(20分)填空题.本大题共5小题,每小题4分.答案写在题中横线上的空白处,不要求写出演算过程.9.研究物理问题时,常常需要忽略其些次要问题,建立理想化的理想模型.例如“质点”模型忽略了物质的体积、形状,只计其质量.请再写出两个你所学过的物理模型的名称:___________和___________模型.10.完成核反应方程:→+___________.衰变为的半衰期是1.2min,则64g经过6min还有___________g尚未衰变.11.按照有关规定,工作场所受到的电磁辐射强度(单位时间内垂直通过单位面积的电磁辐射能量)不得超过0.50W/m2.若某一小型无线通讯装置的电磁辐射功率是1W,那么在距离该通讯装置___________m以外是符合规定的安全区域(已知球面面积为S=4πR2).12.在与x轴平行的匀强电场中,一带电量为1.0×10-8C、质量为2.5×10-3kg的物体在光滑水平面上沿着x轴做直线运动,其位移与时间的关系是x=0.16t-0.02t2,式中x以米为单位,t以秒为单位.从开始运动到5s末物体所经过的路程为___________m,克服电场力所做的功为___________J.13.磁场具有能量,磁场中单位体积所具有的能量叫做能量密度,其值为B2/2μ,式中B是磁感应强度,μ是磁导率,在空气中μ为一已知常量.为了近似测得条形磁铁磁极端面附近的磁感强度B,一学生用一根端面面积为A的条形磁铁吸住一相同面积的铁片P,再用力将铁片与磁铁拉开一段微小距离Δl,并测出拉力F,如图所示,因为F所做的功等于间隙中磁场的能量,所以由此可得磁感应强度B与F、A之间的关系为B=___________. 三、(30分)实验题.14.(5分)如图所示为一显示薄膜干涉现象的实验装置,P是附有肥皂膜的铁丝圈,S是一点燃的酒精灯.往火焰上洒些盐后,在肥皂膜上观察到的干涉图象应是下图中的___________.15.(7分)如图所示器材可用来研究电磁感应现象及判定感应电流方向.(1)在给出的实物图中,用实线作为导线将实验器材连成实验电路.(2)将线圈L1插入L2中,合上开关.能使感应电流与原电流的绕行方向相同的实验操作是___________.A.插入软铁棒B.拔出线圈L1C.使变阻器阻值变大D.断开开关16.(6分)如图所示为一实验小车中利用光电脉冲测量车速和行程的装置的示意图,A为光源,B为光电接收器,A、B均固定在车身上,C为小车的车轮,D为与C同轴相连的齿轮.车轮转动时,A发出的光束通过旋转齿轮上齿的间隙后变成脉冲光信号,被B接收并转换成电信号,由电子电路记录和显示.若实验显示单位时间内的脉冲数为n,累计脉冲数为N,则要测出小车的速度和行程还必须测量的物理量或数据是___________;小车速度的表达式为v=___________;行程的表达式为s=___________.17.(8分)有一组同学对温度计进行专题研究.他们通过查阅资料得知17世纪时伽利略曾设计过一个温度计,其结构为:一麦秆粗细的玻璃管,一端与一鸡蛋大小的玻璃泡相连,另一端竖直插在水槽中,并使玻璃管内吸入一段水柱.根据管中水柱高度的变化可测出相应的温度.为了研究“伽利略温度计”,同学们按照资料中的描述自制了如图所示的测温装置,图中A为一小塑料瓶,B为一吸管,通过软木塞与A连通,管的下端竖直插在大水槽中,使管内外水面有一高度差h.然后进行实验研究:(1)在不同温度下分别测出对应的水柱高度h,记录的实验数据如下表所示温度/℃171921232527h/cm30.024.919.714.69.44.2 Δh=hn-1-h05.1根据表中数据计算相邻两次测量水柱的高度差,并填入表内的空格.由此可得结论:①当温度升高时,管内水柱高度h将___________(填:变大,变小,不变);②水柱高度h随温度的变化而___________(填:均匀,不均匀)变化;试从理论上分析并证明结论②的正确性(提示:管内水柱产生的压强远远小于一个大气压):_____________________________________________________________________________. (2)通过实验,同学们发现用“伽利略温度计”来测温度,还存在一些不足之处,其中主要的不足之处有:①_______________________________;②_______________________________.18.(4分)已知某一区域的地下埋有一根与地表面平行的直线电缆,电缆中通有变化的电流,在其周围有变化的磁场,因此可以通过在地面上测量闭合试探小线圈中的感应电动势来探测电缆的确切位置、走向和深度.当线圈平面平行地面测量时,在地面上a、c两处测得试探线圈中的电动势为零,b、d两处线圈中的电动势不为零;当线圈平面与地面成45°夹角时,在b、d两处测得试探线圈中的电动势为零.经过测量发现,a、b、c、d恰好位于边长为1m的正方形的四个顶角上,如图所示.据此可以判定地下电缆在___________两点连线的正下方,离地表面的深度为___________m.四、(60分)计算题.本大题共5小题,要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤、只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的,不能得分,有数字计算的问题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.19.(10分)上端开口的圆柱形气缸竖直放置,截面积为0.2m2的活塞将一定质量的气体和一形状不规则的固体A封闭在气缸内.温度为300K时,活塞离气缸底部的高度为0.6m;将气体加热到330K时,活塞上升了0.05m,不计摩擦力及固体体积的变化,求物体A的体积.20.(8分)一卫星绕某行星做匀速圆周运动,已知行星表面的重力加速度为g行,行星的质量M与卫星的质量m之比M/m=81,行星的半径R行与卫星的半径R卫之比R行/R卫=3.6,行星与卫星之间的距离r与行星的半径R行之比r/R行=60.设卫星表面的重力加速度为g卫,则在卫星表面有:GMm/r2=mg卫……经过计算得出:卫星表面的重力加速度为行星表面的重力加速度的1/3600.上述结果是否正确?若正确,列式证明;若错误,求出正确结果.21.(13分)如图所示,一自行车上连接踏脚板的连杆长R1,由踏脚板带动半径为r1的大齿盘,通过链条与半径为r2的后轮齿盘连接,带动半径为R2的后轮转动.(1)设自行车在水平路面上匀速行进时,受到的平均阻力为f,人蹬踏脚板的平均作用力为F,链条中的张力为T,地面对后轮的静摩擦力为fs.通过观察,写出传动系统中有几个转动轴,分别写出对应的力矩平衡表达式;(2)设R1=20cm,R2=33cm,踏脚大齿盘与后轮齿盘的齿数分别为48和24,计算人蹬踏脚板的平均作用力与平均阻力之比;(3)自行车传动系统可简化为一个等效杠杆.以R1为一力臂,在右框中画出这一杠杆示意图,标出支点,力臂尺寸和作用力方向.22.(13分)如图所示,两条互相平行的光滑金属导轨位于水平面内,距离为l=0.2m,在导轨的一端接有阻值为R=0.5Ω的电阻,在x≥0处有一与水平面垂直的均匀磁场,磁感应强度B=0.5T.一质量为m=0.1kg的金属直杆垂直放置在导轨上,并以v0=2m/s的初速度进入磁场,在安培力和一垂直于杆的水平外力F的共同作用下做匀变速直线运动,加速度大小为a=2m/s2、方向和初速度方向相反.设导轨和金属杆的电阻都可以忽略,且接触良好.求:(1)电流为零时金属杆所处的位置;(2)电流为最大值的一半时施加在金属杆上外力F的大小和方向;(3)保持其他条件不变,而初速度v0取不同值,求开始时F的方向与初速度v0取值的关系.23.(16分)如图所示为利用电磁作用输送非导电液体装置的示意图.一边长为L、截面为正方形的塑料管道水平放置,其右端面上有一截面积为A的小喷口,喷口离地的高度为h.管道中有一绝缘活塞,在活塞的中部和上部分别嵌有两根金属棒a、b,其中棒b的两端与一电压表相连,整个装置放在竖直向上的匀强磁场中,当棒a中通有垂直纸面向里的恒定电流I时,活塞向右匀速推动液体从喷口水平射出,液体落地点离喷口的水平距离为s.若液体的密度为ρ,不计所有阻力,求:(1)活塞移动的速度;(2)该装置的功率;(3)磁感应强度B的大小;(4)若在实际使用中发现电压表的读数变小,试分析其可能的原因.参考答案一、选择题1.BC2.AC3.B4.CD5.AD6.ABD7.C8.C二、填空题9.点电荷、理想气体等10.,211.0.4012.0.34,3.0×10-513.(2μF/A)1/2三、实验题14.D15.(1)如图所示(2)BCD16.车轮半径R和齿轮的齿数p,2πRn/p,2πRN/p17.(1)5.2,5.1,5.2,5.2①变小,②均匀封闭气体近似做等压变化V/T=ΔV/ΔT=k(k为常数),ΔV=kΔT=kΔt,所以Δh=ΔV/S=kΔt/S.即h随温度的变化而均匀变化(S为管的截面积)(2)①测量温度范围小②温度读数受大气压影响18.ac0.71四、计算题19.设A的体积为V,T1=300K,T2=330K,S=0.2m2,h1=0.6m,h2=0.6+0.05=0.65m,等压变化(h1S-V/T1)=(h2S-V)/T2,(h1S-V)T2=(h2S-V)T1,即V=((h1T2-h2T1)/(T2-T1))S=((0.6×330-0.65×300)/(330-300))×0.2=0.02m3.20.所得的结果是错误的.①式中的g卫并不是卫星表面的重力加速度,而是卫星绕行星做匀速圆周运动的向心加速度.正确解法是卫星表面Gm/R卫2=g卫,行星表面GM/R行2=g行,((R行)/R卫)2m/M=g卫/g行,即g卫=0.16g行.21.(1)自行车传动系统中的转动轴个数为2,对踏脚齿盘中心的转动轴中有FR1=Tr1,对后轮的转动轴有Tr=fsR2.(2)由FR1=Tr1,Tr2=fsR2,及fs=f可得FR1/fxR2=r1/r2=48/24,所以F/f=r1R2/r2R1=48×33/24×20=3.3.(3)如图所示22.(1)感应电动势E=Blv,I=E/R,所以I=0时,v=0,有x=v02/2a=1m.(2)最大电流Im=Blv0/R,I′=Im/2=Blv0/2R,安培力f=I′Bl=B2l2v0/2R=0.02N,向右运动时F+f=ma,F=ma-f=0.18N,方向与x轴相反,向左运动时F-f=ma,F=ma+f=0.22N,方向与x轴相反.(3)开始时v=v0,f=ImBl=B2l2v0/R,F+f=ma,F=ma-f=ma-B2l2v0/R,所以,当v0<maR/B2l2=10m/s时,F>0,方向与x轴相反.当v0>maR/B2l2=10m/s时,F<0,方向与x轴相同.23.(1)设液体从喷口水平射出的速度为v0,活塞移动的速度为v,有v0=s,v0A=vL2,v=(A/L2)v0=(As/L2).(2)设装置功率为P,Δt时间内有Δm质量的液体从喷口射出,有PΔt=(1/2)Δm(v02-v2)因为Δm=L2vΔtρ,有P=(1/2)L2vρ(v02-v2)=(Aρ/2)(1-(A2/L4))v03, 即P=(Aρ(L4-A2)s3/2L4)(g/2h)3/2.(3)由P=F安v,得(1/2)L2ρv(v02-(A2/L4)v02)=BILv,即B=ρv02(L4-A)/2IL3=ρ(L4-A2)s2g/4IhL3,(4)由U=BLv,可知喷口液体的流量减少,活塞移动速度减小,或磁场变小等会引起电压表读数变小.。