2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ) 文科综合 word版

绝密★启用前2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至15页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项:1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并帖好条形码。

请认真核准条形码的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。

3.本试卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求。

张某承包了0.5化顷耕地，种植结构变化如图1。

1.张某承包的耕地可能位于A.珠江三角洲B.太湖平原C.华北平原D.松嫩平原2.导致种植结构变化的主要因素是A.市场需求B.生产经验C.自然条件D.国家政策下表为我国某城市人口资料。

读下表完成3~4题。

3.该城市自1982年至2000年A.人口自然增长率很高，人口增长迅速B.人口出生率增高，人口老龄化问题得到缓解C.人口出生率大幅度降低，人口死亡率大幅度增高D.人口增长率很高，有大量青壮年人口迁入4.该城市是A.南京B.深圳C.西安D.沈阳产业重心是区城产业产值空间分布的重心。

图2示意中国三次产业重心的经、纬度变化(不含台湾、香港、澳门的统计资料)。

完成5~7题。

5.图中①、②、③线依次代表A.第一产业、第二产业、第三产业B.第二产业、第三产业、第一产业C.第一产业、第三产业、第二产业D.第三产业、第一产业、第二产业6.从产业重心的纬度变化看A.三次产业重心均向北移动 C.第一产业重心移动最快C.第二产业重心移动最快D.第三产业重心移动最快7.自1985年至2003年，产业重心移动的趋势是A.第二产业向东南B.第二产业向东北C.第一产业向东南D.第三产业向东南图3中a是经线，Q点为晨昏线与该经线的交点。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）数 学（文科）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷第1至第2页，第Ⅱ卷第3至第4页．全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟．考生注意事项：1． 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的座位号、姓名，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中“座位号、姓名、科类”与本人座位号、姓名、科类是否一致．2． 答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．3． 答第Ⅱ卷时，必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写．在试题卷上作答无效． 4． 考试结束，监考员将试题卷和答题卡一并收回． 参考公式：如果事件A B ，互斥，那么球的表面积公式 24πS R = ()()()P A B P A P B +=+其中R 表示球的半径如果事件A B ，相互独立，那么 球的体积公式 34π3V R =()()()P A B P A P B =其中R 表示球的半径第I 卷（选择题共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．（1）．若A 位全体实数的集合，{}2,1,1,2B =--则下列结论正确的是（ ）A ．}{2,1AB =--B ． ()(,0)RC A B =-∞C ．(0,)AB =+∞D ． }{()2,1R C A B =--（2）．若(2,4)AB =，(1,3)AC =, 则BC =（ ）A ．（1，1）B ．（－1，－1）C ．（3，7）D ．（-3,-7）（3）．已知,m n 是两条不同直线，,,αβγ是三个不同平面，下列命题中正确的是（ ）A ．,,αγβγαβ⊥⊥若则‖B ．,,m n m n αα⊥⊥若则‖C ．,,m n m n αα若则‖‖‖D ．,,m mαβαβ若则‖‖‖（4）．0a <是方程2210ax x ++=至少有一个负数根的（ ）A ．必要不充分条件B ．充分不必要条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件（5）．在三角形ABC 中，5,3,7AB AC BC ===,则BAC ∠的大小为（ ）A ．23πB ．56π C ．34π D ．3π （6）．函数2()(1)1(0)f x x x =-+≤的反函数为A．1()11)f x x -=≥B ．1()11)f x x -=≥C．1()12)f x x -=≥ D ．1()12)f x x -=≥（7）．设88018(1),x a a x a x +=+++则0,18,,a a a 中奇数的个数为（ ）A ．2B ．3C ．4D ．5（8）．函数sin(2)3y x π=+图像的对称轴方程可能是（ ）A ．6x π=-B ．12x π=-C ．6x π=D ．12x π=（9）．设函数1()21(0),f x x x x=+-< 则()f x （ ） A ．有最大值B ．有最小值C ．是增函数D ．是减函数（10）若过点(4,0)A 的直线l 与曲线22(2)1x y -+=有公共点，则直线l 的斜率的取值范围为（ ）A．[ B．(C．[33-D．(33-（11） 若A 为不等式组002x y y x ≤⎧⎪≥⎨⎪-≤⎩表示的平面区域，则当a 从－2连续变化到1时，动直线x y a +=扫过A 中的那部分区域的面积为 ( ) A ．34B ．1C ．74D ．5（12）12名同学合影，站成前排4人后排8人，现摄影师要从后排8人中抽2人调整到前排，若其他人的相对顺序不变，则不同调整方法的总数是 ( )A ． 2686C AB ． 2283C AC ．2286C AD ．2285C A2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）数 学（文科）第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共90分）考生注意事项： 请用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上书写作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分．把答案填在答题卡的相应位置． （13）．函数2()f x =的定义域为 ．（14）．已知双曲线22112x y n n-=-n ＝ （15） 在数列{}n a 在中，542n a n =-，212n a a a an bn ++=+，*n N ∈,其中,a b 为常数，则ab =（16）已知点,,,A B C D 在同一个球面上,,AB BCD ⊥平面,BC CD ⊥若6,AB =AC =8AD =,则,B C 两点间的球面距离是三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． （17）．（本小题满分12分）已知函数()cos(2)2sin()sin()344f x x x x πππ=-+-+（Ⅰ）求函数()f x 的最小正周期和图象的对称轴方程 （Ⅱ）求函数()f x 在区间[,]122ππ-上的值域（18）．（本小题满分12分）在某次普通话测试中，为测试汉字发音水平，设置了10张卡片，每张卡片印有一个汉字的拼音，其中恰有3张卡片上的拼音带有后鼻音“g ”.（Ⅰ）现对三位被测试者先后进行测试，第一位被测试者从这10张卡片总随机抽取1张，测试后放回，余下2位的测试，也按同样的方法进行。

绝密★启用前2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷第1页至第4页，第Ⅱ卷第5页至第8页。

全卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。

考生注意事项：1.答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。

务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。

2.答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3.答第Ⅱ卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色笔迹签字笔在答题卡．．．规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色笔迹签字笔描清楚。

必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写．．．．．．．．的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

4.考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共30分）一、（12分，每小题3分）1.下列各组词语中，斜线“/”前后加点字的读音完全相同的一组是A.清澈/掣肘殷红/湮没瞠目/螳臂当车B.箴言/斟酌蛊惑/商贾船舷/扣人心弦C.联袂/抉择整饬/炽烈辍学/风姿绰约D.徘徊/脚踝戏谑/琐屑惬意/锲而不舍2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是A.时间真如行云流水，申奥成功的情景仿佛就在昨天，转眼间，举世瞩目的北京奥运会距离我们已经不到一百天了。

B.眼下，报刊发行大战硝烟渐起，有些报纸为了招徕读者而故意编造一些骇人听闻的消息，其结果却往往弄巧成拙。

C.著名学者季羡林先生学贯中西，兼容百家，在诸多研究领域都卓有建树，被人们誉为学界泰斗，真可谓实至名归。

D.有段时间，沪深股市指数波动非常大，有时一天上涨几百点，有时一天下跌几百点，涨跌幅度之大令人叹为观止。

3.下列各句中，没有语病、句意明确的一句是A.诚信教育已成为我国公民道德建设的重要内容，因为不仅诚信关系到国家的整体形象。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国卷）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，满分60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中， 只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、已知集合M ={ x|(x + 2)(x －1) < 0 }，N ={ x| x + 1 < 0 }，则M ∩N =（ ） A. (－1，1) B. (－2，1)C. (－2，－1)D. (1，2)2、双曲线221102x y -=的焦距为（ ）3、已知复数1z i =-，则21z z =-（ ） A. 2B. －2C. 2iD. －2i4、设()ln f x x x =，若0'()2f x =，则0x =（ ）A. 2e B. e C. ln 22D. ln 25、已知平面向量a r =（1，－3），b r =（4，－2），a b λ+r r 与a r垂直，则λ是（ ）A. －1B. 1C. －2D. 26、右面的程序框图，如果输入三个实数a 、b 、c ，要求输出这三个数中最大的数， 那么在空白的判断框中，应该填入下面四个选项中的（ ） A. c > xB. x > cC. c > bD. b > c7、已知1230a a a >>>，则使得2(1)1i a x -<(1,2,3)i =都成立的x 取值范围是（ ）A.（0，11a ） B. （0，12a ） C. （0，31a ） D. （0，32a ）8、设等比数列{}n a 的公比2q =，前n 项和为n S ，则42S a =（ ） A. 2 B. 4 C.152D.1729、平面向量a r ，b r共线的充要条件是（ ）A. a r ，b r 方向相同B. a r ，b r 两向量中至少有一个为零向量C. R λ∃∈， b a λ=r rD. 存在不全为零的实数1λ，2λ，120a b λλ+=r r r10、点P （x ，y ）在直线4x + 3y = 0上，且满足－14≤x －y ≤7，则点P 到坐标原点距离的取值范围是（ ） A. [0，5]B. [0，10]C. [5，10]D. [5，15]11、函数()cos 22sin f x x x =+的最小值和最大值分别为（ ）A. －3，1B. －2，2C. －3，32 D. －2，3212、已知平面α⊥平面β，α∩β= l ，点A ∈α，A ∉l ，直线AB ∥l ，直线AC ⊥l ，直线m ∥α，m ∥β，则下列四种位置关系中，不一定．．．成立的是（ ） A. AB ∥m B. AC ⊥m C. AB ∥βD. AC ⊥β二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，满分20分。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）文科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共300分。

考试时间150分钟第Ⅰ卷（选择题共140分）1．目前，人类已知月球上的能源有（）A．生物能、风能B．核能、潮汐能C．潮汐能、太阳能D．太阳能、核能图1电视收视率是指在某个时段收看电视的人（户）数占电视观众总人（户）数的百分比。

2．一般情况下，图1中表示北京地区电视收视率变化的曲线是（）A．①B．②C．③D．④构建模式图，探究地理基本原理、过程、成因及规律，是学习地理的方法之一。

读图2，回答3～5题。

图23．如果该图为在气环流模式，S线代表地球表面，则（）A．E处气温比H处高B．F处气压比G处低C．气流②自西向东运动D．E处的高度可达120千米4．如果该图为海陆间水循环模式，S线代表地球表面，则（）A．环节①参与地表淡水资源的补给B．环节②是陆地自然带形成的基础C．环节③使大洋表面海水的盐度降低D．环节④的运动距离与下垫面无关5．如果该图为世界洋流模式的南半球部分，S线代表纬线，则（）A．洋流①对沿岸气候有降温、减湿作用B．洋流②为西风漂流C．洋流③对沿岸气候有增温、增湿作用D．洋流④为赤道逆流读图3，回答6、7题。

图36．该作物（）A．种植期的早晚取决于气候条件B．灌浆期的早晚取决于成土母质C．收割期的早晚取决于农业政策D．一个生产周期至少为8个月7．该作物处于开花期时，正值（）A．赤道正午太阳高度最大B．地中海沿岸炎热干燥C．中国东北平原昼长夜短D．潘帕斯草原草木茂盛城市活动在空间上高度集中，并具有水平和垂直方向上的分异。

读图4，回答8题。

图48．图中①②③④所示城市空间最合理的作用方式分别为（）A．电影院、厂房、住宅、银行B．零售店、电影院、石房、办公室C．办公室、零售店、住宅、厂房D．批发市场、办公室、住宅、零售店读图5，回答9～11题。

图59．与图示地区山体岩石、地貌类型及其形成的外力作用对应的是（）A．石灰岩、球状风化地貌、风力作用B．花岗岩、流水堆积地貌、流水作用C．大理岩、喀斯特地貌、风力作用D．石灰岩、喀斯特地貌、流水作用10．该地区成为著名旅游地的优势在于（）A．地处热带，风景优美，环境承载量大B．景观具有春翡夏翠秋金冬银的季节特点C．地质地貌景观独特，具有较高的游览价值D．水陆交通通达性好，旅游地吸引半径大11．与图示地区农业地域类型相同的地区是（）A．西欧平原B．湄公河三角洲C．五大湖沿岸D．墨累-达令盆地准确把握时空概念是学习和研究历史的前提。

绝密★启用前2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数 学（文史类）本试卷共4页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟.★祝考试顺利★注间事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效.3.填空题和解答题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效.4.考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交.一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.设(1,2),(3,4),(3,2),(2)a b c a b c =-=-=+= 则A.(15,12)-B.0C.-3D.-112. 321(2)2x x-的展开式中常数项是 A.210 B.1052 C.14D.-1053.若集合{1,2,3,4},{05,},P Q x x x R ==<<∈则 A. “x R ∈”是“x Q ∈”的充分条件但不是必要条件 B. “x R ∈”是“x Q ∈”的必要条件但不是充分条件 C. “x R ∈”是“x Q ∈”的充要条件D. “x R ∈”既不是“x Q ∈”的充分条件也不是“x Q ∈”的必要条件 4.用与球必距离为1的平面去截面面积为π，则球的体积为 A.323π B.83πC.D.5.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，满足不等式组,1x y x ⎧≤⎪⎨⎪⎩ 的点(,)x y 的集合用阴影表示为下列图中的6.已知()f x 在R 上是奇函数，且2(4)(),(0,2)()2,(7)f x f x x f x x f +=∈==当时，则 A.-2 B.2 C.-98 D.987.将函数sin()y x θ=-的图象F 向右平移3π个单位长度得到图象F ′，若F ′的一条对称轴是直线,1x π=则θ的一个可能取值是A.512π B.512π- C.1112π D.1112π-8. 函数1()1f x n x=+A.(,4][2,)-∞-+∞B. (4,0)(0,1)-⋃C.[4,0)(0,1]-D.[4,0)(0,1]-⋃9.从5名男生和5名女生中选3人组队参加某集体项目的比赛，其中至少有一名女生入选的组队方案数为A.100B.110C.120D.180 10.如图所示，“嫦娥一号”探月卫星沿地月转移轨道飞向月球，在月球附近一点P 变轨进入以月球球心F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道I 绕月飞行，之后卫星在P 点第二次变轨进入仍以F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道Ⅱ绕月飞行，最终卫星在P 点第三次变轨进入以F 为圆形轨道Ⅲ绕月飞行，若用12c 和22c 分别表示椭圆轨道I 和Ⅱ的焦距，用12a 和22a 分别表示椭圆轨道I 和Ⅱ的长轴的长，给出下列式子： ①1122;a c a c +=+②1122;a c a c -=-③1212;c a a c >④1212.c c a a <其中正确式子的序号是A.①③B.②③C.①④D.②④二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分，把答案填在答题卡相应位置上.11.一个公司共有1 000名员工，下设一些部门，要采用分层抽样方法从全体员工中抽取一个容量为50的样本，已知某部门有200名员工，那么从该部门抽取的工人数是 .12.在△ABC 中，a ，b ，c 分别是角A ，B ，C 所对的边，已知3,30,a b c ===︒则 A ＝ . 13.方程223xx -+=的实数解的个数为 .14.明天上午李明要参加奥运志愿者活动，为了准时起床，他用甲、乙两个闹钟叫醒自己，假设甲闹钟准时响的概率是0.80，乙闹钟准时响的概率是0.90，则两个闹钟至少有一准时响的概率是 . 15.圆34cos ,()24sin x C y θθθ=+⎧⎨=-+⎩为参数的圆心坐标为 ，和圆C 关于直线0x y -=对称的圆C ′的普通方程是 .三、解答题：本大题共6分小题，共75分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤. 16.（本小题满12分） 已知函数2()sincos cos 2.222x x xf x =+- （Ⅰ）将函数()f x 化简成sin()(0,0,[0,2))A x B A ωϕϕϕπ++>>∈的形式，并指出()f x 的周期； （Ⅱ）求函数17()[,]12f x ππ在上的最大值和最小值17.（本小题满分12分）已知函数322()1f x x mx m x =+-+（m 为常数，且m >0）有极大值9. （Ⅰ）求m 的值；（Ⅱ）若斜率为-5的直线是曲线()y f x =的切线，求此直线方程.18.（本小题满分12分）如图，在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，平面1A BC ⊥侧面11.A ABB （Ⅰ）求证： ;AB BC ⊥（Ⅱ）若1AA AC a ==，直线AC 与平面1A BC 所成的角为θ，二面角1,.2A BC A πϕθϕ--+=的大小为求证：19.（本不题满分12分）如图，要设计一张矩形广告，该广告含有大小相等的左右两个矩形栏目（即图中阴影部分），这两栏的面积之和为18000cm 2,四周空白的宽度为10cm ，两栏之间的中缝空白的宽度为5cm ，怎样确定广告的高与宽的尺寸（单位：cm ），能使矩形广告面积最小？20（本小题满分13分）已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-->>的两个焦点为:(2,0),:(2,0),F F P -点的曲线C 上.（Ⅰ）求双曲线C 的方程；（Ⅱ）记O 为坐标原点，过点Q (0,2)的直线l 与双曲线C 相交于不同的两点E 、F ，若△OEF 的面积为求直线l 的方程21.（本小题满分14分）已知数列12{}{},13n n x a b a an a λ=+=和满足：4,(1)(321)n n n n n b a n +-=--+,其中λ为实数，n 为正整数.（Ⅰ）证明：当18{}n b λ≠-时，数列是等比数列；（Ⅱ）设n S 为数列{}n b 的前n 项和，是否存在实数λ，使得对任意正整数n ，都有 12?n S >-若存在，求λ的取值范围；若不存在，说明理由.2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数学（文史类）试题参考答案一、选择题：本题考查基础知识和基本运算.第小题5分，满分50分. 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B二、填空题：本题考查基础知识和基本运算，第小题5分，满分25分. 11.1012.30°（或6π） 13.2 14.0.9815.（3，－2），（x ＋2）2＋（y －3）2＝16（或x 2＋y 2＋4x －6y －3＝0） 三、解答题：本题共6小题，共75分.16.本小题主要考查三角函数的恒等变换、周期性、单调性和最值等基本知识和运算能力. （满分12分） 解：(Ⅰ)f (x )=21sin x +23)4sin(2223)cos (sin 2122cos 1-+=-+=-+πx x x x . 故f (x )的周期为2k π｛k ∈Z 且k ≠0｝.(Ⅱ)由π≤x ≤1217π，得πππ35445≤+≤x .因为f (x )＝23)4sin(22-+πx 在[45,ππ]上是减函数，在[1217,45ππ]上是增函数. 故当x =45π时，f (x )有最小值－223+；而f (π)=－2，f (1217π)＝－466+＜－2， 所以当x =π时，f (x )有最大值－2.17.本小题主要考查应用导数研究函数性质的方法和基本运算能力.（满分12分） 解：(Ⅰ) f ’(x )＝3x 2+2mx －m 2=(x +m )(3x －m )=0,则x =－m 或x =31m , 当x即f (－m )＝－m 3+m 3+m 3+1=9,∴m ＝2. (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知，f (x )=x 3+2x 2－4x +1,依题意知f ’(x )＝3x 2＋4x －4＝－5，∴x ＝－1或x ＝－31. 又f (－1)＝6，f (－31)＝2768， 所以切线方程为y －6＝－5(x ＋1),或y －2768＝－5(x ＋31)， 即5x ＋y －1＝0，或135x ＋27y －23＝0.18.本小题主要考查线面关系、直线与平面所成角、二面角等有关知识，考查空间想象能力和推理论证能力.（满分12分）(Ⅰ)证明：如右图，过点A 在平面A 1ABB 1内作AD ⊥A 1B 于D ，则由平面A 1BC ⊥侧面A 1ABB 1,且平面A 1BC ∩侧面A 1ABB 1＝A 1B ， 得AD ⊥平面A 1BC .又BC 平面A 1BC 所以AD ⊥BC .因为三棱柱ABC －A 1B 1C 1是直三棱柱, 则AA 1⊥底面ABC ,所以AA 1⊥BC .又AA 1∩AD =A ,从而BC ⊥侧面A 1ABB 1, 又AB 侧面A 1ABB 1， 故AB ⊥BC .(Ⅱ)证法1：连接CD ,则由(Ⅰ)知∠ACD 就是直线AC 与平面A 1BC 所成的角，∠ABA 1就是二面角A 1－BC－A 的颊角，即∠ACD ＝θ，∠ABA 1=ϕ. 于是在Rt ΔADC 中，sin θ=a AD AC AD =,在Rt ΔADA 1中，sin ∠AA 1D ＝aADAA AD 1, ∴sin θ=sin ∠AA 1D ,由于θ与∠AA 1D 都是锐角，所以θ＝∠AA 1D . 又由Rt ΔA 1AB 知，∠AA 1D ＋ϕ＝∠AA 1B ＋ϕ＝2π，故θ＋ϕ＝2π. 证法2：由(Ⅰ)知，以点B 为坐标原点，以BC 、BA 、BB 1所在的直线分别为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴，建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系.设AB =c （c ＜a ＝，则B (0,0,0)，A (0,c ,0)，C (0,0,22c a -), A 1(0,c,a )，于是)0,0,(22c a BC -=，1BA ＝（0，c,a ）,)0,,(22c c a AC --=,1AA =(0,c,a )设平面A 1BC 的一个法向量为n =(x,y,z ),则由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=+⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==∙∙.0,0,0,0221x c a az cy BC n BA n 得可取n ＝（0，－a ，c ），于是n ²AC =ac ＞0，AC 与n 的夹角β为锐角,则β与θ互为余角.sin θ=cos β=222222222)()0,,(),,0(||||ca c cc a c a c c a c a AC n AC n +=+-+---=∙∙∙∙,cos ϕ=,),0,0(),,0(||||222211ca c aca a c a BA BA BA BA +=+-=∙∙∙∙所以sin θ=cos ϕ=sin(ϕπ-2),又0＜θ，ϕ＜2π，所以θ+ϕ=2π. 19.本小题主要考查根据实际问题建立数学模型，以及运用函数、不等式等知识解决实际问题的能力.（满分12分）解法1：设矩形栏目的高为a cm ，宽为b cm ，则ab =9000.①广告的高为a +20，宽为2b +25，其中a ＞0，b ＞0. 广告的面积S ＝(a +20)(2b +25)＝2ab +40b +25a +500＝18500+25a +40b≥18500+2b a 4025∙=18500+.245001000=ab当且仅当25a ＝40b 时等号成立，此时b =a 85,代入①式得a =120，从而b =75. 即当a =120，b =75时,S 取得最小值24500.故广告的高为140 cm,宽为175 cm 时，可使广告的面积最小.解法2：设广告的高为宽分别为x cm ，y cm ，则每栏的高和宽分别为x －20，,225-y 其中x ＞20，y ＞25 两栏面积之和为2(x －20)18000225=-y ,由此得y =,252018000+-x 广告的面积S =xy =x (252018000+-x )＝252018000+-x x , 整理得S =.18500)20(2520360000+-+-x x 因为x －20＞0，所以S ≥2.2450018500)20(2520360000=+-⨯-x x当且仅当)20(2520360000-=-x x 时等号成立，此时有(x －20)2＝14400(x ＞20)，解得x =140，代入y =2018000-x +25,得y ＝175， 即当x =140，y ＝175时，S 取得最小值24500，故当广告的高为140 cm ，宽为175 cm 时，可使广告的面积最小.20.本小题主要考查双曲线的定义、标准方程、直线和双曲线位置关系等平面解析几何的基础知识，考查待写系数法、不等式的解法以及综合运用数学知识进行推理运算的能力. （满分13分）(Ⅰ)解法1：依题意，由a 2+b 2=4，得双曲线方程为142222=--ay a x （0＜a 2＜4＝， 将点（3，7）代入上式，得147922=--aa .解得a 2=18（舍去）或a 2＝2， 故所求双曲线方程为.12222=-y x解法2：依题意得，双曲线的半焦距c =2.2a =|PF 1|－|PF 2|=,22)7()23()7()23(2222=+--++ ∴a 2=2，b 2=c 2－a 2=2.∴双曲线C 的方程为.12222=-y x (Ⅱ)解法1：依题意，可设直线l 的方程为y =kx +2，代入双曲线C 的方程并整理， 得(1－k 2)x 2－4kx －6=0.∵直线I 与双曲线C 相交于不同的两点E 、F ,∴⎩⎨⎧-±≠⇔⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-⨯+-=∆≠-,33,10)1(64)4(,01222＜＜，＞k k k k k ∴k ∈(－1,3-)∪(1,3).设E (x 1,y 1),F (x 2,y 2)，则由①式得x 1+x 2=,16,142212kx x k k -=-于是 |EF |=2212221221))(1()()(x x k y y x x -+=-+-=|1|32214)(1222212212k k k x x x x k--+=-++∙∙而原点O 到直线l 的距离d ＝212k+,∴S ΔOEF =.|1|322|1|32211221||21222222k k k k k k EF d --=--++=∙∙∙∙ 若S ΔOEF ＝22，即,0222|1|3222422=--⇔=--k k k k 解得k =±2, 满足②.故满足条件的直线l 有两条，其方程分别为y =22+x 和.22+-=x y 解法2：依题意，可设直线l 的方程为y =kx +2,代入双曲线C 的方程并整理，得(1－k 2)x 2－4kx －6＝0.①∵直线l 与比曲线C 相交于不同的两点E 、F ，∴⎩⎨⎧-±≠⇔⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-⨯+-=∆≠-.33,10)1(64)4(,01222＜＜，＞k k k k k ∴k ∈(－1,3-)∪(1,3).②设E (x 1,y 1),F (x 2,y 2)，则由①式得 |x 1－x 2|＝|1|322|1|4)(22221221k k k x x x x --=-∆=-+. ③当E 、F 在同一支上时（如图1所示）， S ΔOEF ＝|S ΔOQF －S ΔOQE |=||||21||||||||212121x x OQ x x OQ -=-∙∙； 当E 、F 在不同支上时（如图2所示）， S ΔOEF ＝S ΔOQF ＋S ΔOQE ＝.||||21|)||(|||212121x x OQ x x OQ -=+∙∙ 综上得S ΔOEF ＝||||2121x x OQ -∙，于是 由|OQ |＝2及③式，得S ΔOEF ＝|1|32222k k --.若S ΔOEF ＝22，即0222|1|3222422=--⇔=--k k k k ,解得k =±2,满足②. 故满足条件的直线l 有两条，基方程分别为y =22+x 和y =.22+-21.本小题主要考查等比数列的定义、数列示和、不等式等基础知识和基本的运算技能，考查分析问题能力和推理能力.（满分14分）(Ⅰ)证明：假设存在一个实数λ，使｛a n ｝是等比数列，则有2122a a a =,即（233λ-）2=44499λλλ⎛⎫-⇔ ⎪⎝⎭22449490,9λλλ-+=-⇔=矛盾. 所以｛a n ｝不是等比数列.（Ⅱ）证明：∵11112(1)[3{1}21](1)(214)3n n n a n b a n a n ++++=--++=--+22(1),(321).33n n a n b =---+=-又118,(18)0.b λλ≠-∴=-+≠由上式知120,(),3n n n n b b n N b +≠∴=-∈ 故当18,λ≠-时，数列｛b n ｝是以λ-（+18）为首项，23-为公比的等比数列. （Ⅲ）当18λ≠-时，由（Ⅱ）得12(18)(),3n n b λ-=-+-于是32(18)[1()],53n n S λ=-+--当18λ=-时，0n b =，从而0.n S =上式仍成立. 要使对任意正整数n , 都有12.n S >- 即3220(18)[1()]1218.2531()3n nλλ-+-->⇔--- 令2()1(),3nf n =--则 当n 为正奇数时，51():3f n <≤当n 为正偶数时，5()1,9f n ≤< 5()(1).3f n f ∴=的最大值为 于是可得32018 6.5λ<⨯-=- 综上所述，存在实数λ，使得对任意正整数n ，都有12;n S >- λ的取值范围为(,6).-∞-。

考试结束前★机密2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试单选试题汇编(15套)1. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）21. —Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?— ______, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. I’d like toB. I like it.C. I don’tD. I will22. —What fruit is in season now?—Pears and apples, ______.A. I knowB. I thinkC. I seeD. I feel23. The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted24. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _____ a stepping-stone to future success.A. toB. forC. asD. by25. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however26. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed27. — Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined28. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more bit29. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected30. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?—Actually I didn’t like ______.A. both of themB. either of themC. none of themD. neither of them31. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?—I don’t mind where we get ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.A. as ifB. as long asC. now thatD. in order that32. The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so33. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken inEngland.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one34. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ her job as a doctor in thecountryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up35. —Sorry, I made a mistake again.—______. Practice more and you’ll succeed.A. Never mindB. Certainly notC. Not at allD. Don’t mention itKey ABDCA BDCAB BDCCA2. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(II)6. —Do you know Anna’s telephone number?—-- ____. As a matter of fact, I don’t know any Anna, either.A. I think soB. I’m afraid notC. I hope soD. I’d rather not7. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.A. onceB. becauseC. ifD. unless8. It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ___ break.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the9. – What are you reading, Tom?-- I’m not rea lly reading, just ___ the pages.A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up10. --- Could I ask you a rather personal question?--- Sure, ____.A. pardon meB. go aheadC. good ideaD. forget it11. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining12. The director had her assistant ___ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up13. Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.A. butB. tillC. andD. or14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be increasing15. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here.A. withB. overC. atD. about16. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. itB. whatC. whichD. that17. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may18. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____.A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved19. The house still needed a lot of work, but ___ the kitchen was finished.A. insteadB. altogetherC. at onceD. at least20. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. thatB. howC. whichD. whenBDACB ACCAD CDBDA3. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）21. This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _____girls of your age.A. forB. aboutC. fromD. to22. I looked under _____bed and found ______bokkd I lost last week.A. the; aB. the: theC. 不填；theD. the:;不填23. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of _____are healthyA. thatB.whichC. whatD. whom24. -----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.A .see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see25. ---Where’s that report?---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.A. ifB. whenC. becauseD. before26. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___ take care of your luggage.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will27. He has made a lot of films,but ____ good ones.A. anyB. someC. fewD. many28. ---Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?---Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.A. showB.showsC. to showD. showing30. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest31. You have failed two tests.You’d better start working harder,____you won’t pass the course.A.andB. soC. butD. or32. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined33. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one dayA. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case34. When you’ve finished with that book,don’t forget to put it back one the shelf,____?A. do youB. don’t youC. will youD. won’t you35. ----It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-----Oh,don’t ment iong it.I _____past your house anyway.A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have comeKey ABDDB CCABB DCDCA4 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）1. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.A. sinceB. ifC. unlessD. until2. My brother is really ____. He often works in his office far into the night.A. open-mindedB. hard-workingC. self-confidentD. warm-hearted3. ---- I just can’t stop worrying about the result of the job interview.----_____. There’s nothing you can do now but wait.A. RelaxB. Go aheadC. Go for itD. Good luck4. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown5. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or _______.A. neitherB. someC. allD. both6. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can’tB. wouldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t7. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ______ their discussion.A. put awayB. take downC. look overD. carry on8. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC. thatD. where9. ----How much do I owe you for lunch?----______. It’s nothing.A. You’re welcomeB. Forget itC. With pleasureD. That’s right10. Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ______ financial aid.A. in favour ofB. in honour ofC. in face ofD. in need of11. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products12. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why13. Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together.A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match14. He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played15. At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______.A. out f sightB. out f reachC. out of orderD. out f placeKey CBACD ADCBD ACDBA5. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）21. They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when22. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A. thatB. whenC. whileD. as23. Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.A. meetsB. metC. has metD. would meet24. ----Could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon?----Sorry, let’s make it time.A. other’sB. the otherC. anotherD. other25. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how26. Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize27. In many places in China, bicycle is still poplar means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the28. ---May I ask a question after class, Sir?--- , but not during my lunch break.A. I’m sorryB. AnytimeC. CertainlyD. Go ahead29. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email insteadA. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed30. ---I can’t find my purse anywhere.---You have lost it while shopping.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would31. He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.A. regardedB. was regardedC. has regardedD. had been regarded32. The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.A. andB. orC. butD. so33. All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to helpthose in need since the disaster.A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however34. ---I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.--- .A. Don’t be afraidB. Be carefulC. Not at allD. Take your time35. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damagedB. are damagingC. damagedD. will damageKey AABCC DCCDA BABDB6. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）21. The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living aftergraduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution22. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon23. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs.A. performB. possessC. observeD. support24. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______the problem.A. handleB. raiseC. faceD. present25. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details whileretelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out26. In modern times, people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressure although they are leadinga comfortable life.A. keep withB. stay withC. meet withD. live with27. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ itsreality.A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off28. In those days, our ______ concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow stormwith food and health care.A. normalB. constantC. permanentD. primary29. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______.A. occasionallyB. anxiouslyC. practicallyD. urgently30. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have ______ for her,but now all her worries are gone.A. in needB. in timeC. in preparationD. in storeKey:7. 2008年普通高校招生统一考试湖南卷21. Our neighbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A. us,itB. us,itselfC. ourselves, itselfD. ourselves, it22. Have you heard ______ news？ The price of _______ petrol is going up again!A. the, theB. 不填，theC. the, 不填D. 不填，不填23. I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.A. butB. orC. soD. for24. _______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot aboutfirefighting.A.Having searchedB. To searchC. SearchingD.Search25. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ______, he met some friends andstayed out until midnight.A. MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Yet26. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down27. — When did you last hear ______ Jay?— He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.A.of, toB. about, withC. from, withD. from, on28. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book b ythe title.A.mustB. needC. canD. would29. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. whatB. whyC. whomD. which30. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete31. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond ourcontrol.A.most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that32. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____on the phone all the time!A.was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked33. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much timeon it.A. IfB. WhileC. BecauseD. As34. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t likeit and moved back home.A.livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived35. — Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?—Well, I’m thinking about the salary….A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offeredKey BCADC BDCAD BABAC8. 2008年普通高校招生统一考试安徽卷(英语)21. The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other.A. littleB. muchC. some D none22. -----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-----Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. had played23. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair.A. onB. offC. intoD. to24. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our schoolstarted a discussion “Save Our ________”A. SkyB. LifeC. ArtsD. Voices25. -----I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club.-----_______ That’s great!A. Have I?B. Pardon?C. Congratulations!D. Good idea!26. All the neighbors admire this family. _______the parents are treating their child like afriend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that27. ----- Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?----- Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _________ and they won the first prize.A. skillfullyB. commonlyC. willinglyD. nervously28. -----Are you happy with your new computer?-----No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble.A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing29. Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher.A. how farB. how soonC. how oftenD. how long30._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked31. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.-----Ok, ______ you make it short.A. now thatB. if onlyC. so long asD. every time32. -----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?----- Yes, _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A. If everB. If busyC. If anythingD. If possible33. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught34. -----Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.-----Good evening. __________?A. Do you still have a room for tonightB. What would you like, pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for youD. Who is that speaking, please35. Don’t be so discouraged. If you ________such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put awayKey BBCDA BACAB CDDAD9. 2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试（江西卷）21. --I think you’d better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see s it.-- Oh, dear! _________A. Who cares?B. No problem.C. I don’t mind at all.D. Is it as bad as that?22. My English teacher’s humor was _____ make every student burst into laughter.A. so as toB. such as toC. such thatD. so that23. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury?A. himselfB. himC. itselfD. it24. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted25. I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should begiven a fair price for their products.A. makeB. lookC. takeD. think26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done27. ---Shall we go out for a walk?--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance28. We finished the run in less than half the time _____.A. allowingB. to allowC. allowedD. allows29. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ____ during the day.A. awayB. upC. inD. back30. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.--- It is not your fault. With ____ rush-hour traffic and _____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a31. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ____ to return to their homes.A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would be residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted32. --Do you think we should accept that offer?-- Yes, we should, for we _____such bad luck up till now, and time ____ out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run33. Jack is late again. It is _____ of him to keep others waiting.A. normalB. ordinaryC. commonD. typical34. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _____ they were destroyed by people to make way foragricultural had to provide food for more people.A. in whichB. for whichC. so thatD. in that35. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints haveresulted in changes in the law.A. whereB. whenC. whoD. whichKey: DBCBC DACAB CADDA10. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）21. Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.A. 不填；aB. 不填；theC. the; theD. the; a22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. thoughB. forC. butD. so23. _____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed25. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything aboutit.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked26. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when27. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ____ before you leave.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing28. The fact that she never apologized ____ a lot about what kind of person she is.A. saysB. talksC. appearsD. declares29. Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ____ his own work and translated it into German.A. gave offB. turned downC. took overD. set aside30. --Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday?--_____, Bob, but I promised Mary I’d go with her.A. My pleasureB. ThanksC. Take it easyD. Forget it.31. You’d better not leave the medicine _____ kids can get at it.A. even ifB. whichC. whereD. so that32. I began to feel ___ in the new school when I saw some familiar facesA. at homeB. at heartC. at willD. at sight33. Would it be ___ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?A. freeB. vacantC. handyD. convenient34. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ____.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business35. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ____ in the restaurant.A. workingB. workC. to workD. workedKey: 21-25 DBCBC 26-30 DCADB 31-35. CADBA11. 2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试陕西卷6. The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.A. he stoppedB. did he stopC. stopped heD. he did stop8. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any i dea the party is to be held?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where9. ----What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?----Well, it be big--that’s not important.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. ca n’tD. won’t10. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.A. the, aB. the, theC. a, theD. a, a11. The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible.A. to be sentB. to sendC. being sentD. sending12. He doesn’t have furniture in his room --just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. much13. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which14. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show15. --Did you go to the show last night?--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invitedA. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was16. Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as17. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic .A. had changedB. will changeC. was changedD. has been changed18. ----The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?---- I do it all the time.A. Don’t mention it.B. Why you?C. Not sureD. Not me again.19. Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams.A. atB. beyondC. withinD. upon20. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, Will you please help me the clothes on the line?A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get onKey: CDBCA BADBA CBADD12. 2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试四川卷1. I haven’t seen Ann for ____ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too2. You have to ________ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?A. decideB. getC. doD. make3. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _____ able to make a phone call.A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. ever4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York isan example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which5. --- Let’s go for a walk in the garden.--- _______, but I need to do the washing-up.A. No, thank youB. That’s rightC. Good ideaD. Not at all6. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country wheremore jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the ; aC. the; theD. a; a9. I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ______ fine.A. look outB. stay upC. carry onD. get along10. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. should11. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent.A. any otherB. the otherC. anotherD. other12. In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise theirchildren.A. butB. whileC. becauseD. though13. --- Can you show me Mr. Jaffer’s office, please?--- _____. But I don’t know if he is in at the moment.A. ThanksB. Go onC. SureD. You are welcome14. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting15. A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days ______.A. or moreB. insteadC. at mostD. onlyKey: CDACC ABADB CBCDA13. 2008年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试福建卷21.—How do you find your new classmates?--Most of them are kind,but_______is so good to me as Bruce.A.noneB.no oneC.every oneD.some one22.________in the qucue for half an hour,the old man auddenly realized he had left the chequein the car.A.WaitingB.To waitC.Having waitedD.To have waited23.A great man shows his greatness ________ the way he treats little men.A.underB.withC.onD.by24.It is usually warm in my hometowm in March,but it________be rather cold sumetimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would25.So far this year we__________a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.sawB.seeC.had seenD.have seen26. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks to people greeting him.A. friendlyB. livelyC. worriedD.cold27. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where29. a moment and I will go to your reacue.A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move onD. Carry on30. ---Who should be responsible for the accident?---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .A. as toldB. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they told31. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangms,appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which32. What’s the of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simplyhang out for a while?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion33. ---Can those at the back of the classroom hear me?---- No problem.A. seatB. sitC.seatedD. sat34. You have no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much.A. forB.whenC. withD. while35. --Would you like to join us in the game?-- , for I have something important to attend to.A. I willB. I’d love toC. I won’tD. I’m afraid notKey: ACDBD ABCBA DACCD。

（全国卷1）2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷参考答案和评分参考（细则）2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题参考答案和评分参考（细则）一、（12分，每小题3分）1C2B3A4B二、（9分，每小题3分）5B6A7C三、（9分，每小题3分）8A9B10D四、（23分）11（10分）（1）（6分）每天等着吃从东南地区运来的军粮，浙地人民已经困乏，要解救这一患难不如屯田。

译出大意给3分；“日”“哺”“莫”三处，每译对一处给1分。

【补充细则】日：天天、每天、每日，经常（х）时间名词作状语。

莫：不，没有哪种方法，没有哪种办法，没有什么办法，没有…比…更好的。

每小句1分。

（2）译出大意给2分；第二字，第二“兄”字两处，每译对一处1分。

【补充细则】君：把他当成国君（对待），像国君一样对待。

兄：把他当成兄长（对待），像兄长一样对待。

总原则：关键词语和大意翻译不重复扣分。

（扣除关键词，句意对给分。

）12（8分）（1）（3分）“拳”和“退”。

用“他生动地表现出鸿鸟在天空中飞行的状态，这样写构成了江边所见的一幅静动结合的画面。

答出“拳”和“退”的，给1分；能作出分析的，给2分；如找出其他的字，如“明”、“阔”的，只要分析合理，可酌情给分。

意思答对即可。

【补充细则】①答出“拳”“退”1分，正确分析2分；“明”“阔”分析合理，酌情给分。

②每个字的分析，修饰语：传神、具体、形象，宾语：姿态、形态、样子等。

③只有一个字的分析，中无修饰语，不扣分，两字都无修饰语扣1分。

④对两字好处分析不太准确，而又答出最后一句的，不扣分。

⑤没有对两字好处的具体分析，而只有最后一句的，给1分。

⑥如考生选明、阔，用明字衬托出月光明亮的沙滩上，白鹭蜷缩的状态，用“阔”字，表现出飞鸿在这辽阔云天自由飞翔的情景。

⑦如选中一句中两字，即使分析正确，也扣1分。

（2）（5分）向往一种隐逸的生活。

诗的前两联，作者从眼前之景，转入怀古，遥想当年赤壁之战时的人事，而今安在？从而发出了“波流万世功”的感叹。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合（历史部分）注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答题前，考生务必在将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

写在试卷上无效。

3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案卸载答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。

4. 考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题。

每小题4分，共140分。

在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

24.周代青铜器上的铭文与商代相比，字数越来越多，语句也愈加格式化。

这些铭文大都记述个人业绩，追颂祖先功德，希冀子孙保用。

这表明西周时A.创造了一种全新的文字体系B.形成了重视历史传承的风尚C.未能充分发挥文书功能D.青铜器的功用发生重大历史改变25.东汉王充在《论衡》中说：“萧何入秦，收拾文书（国家档案文献），汉所以能制九州者，文书之力也。

”其意在说明，西汉成功地实现对全国的统治，是因为汉初学.科.网A.了崇尚儒家的政策B.了秦朝的基本制度C.充分发挥文书功能D.熟知秦朝典章制度26．唐太宗对南朝后期竞相模仿萧子云书法的风气表示不屑，认为其“仅得成书，无丈夫之气”，只有王羲之的书法才“尽善尽美”，于是连西州（今吐鲁番）幼童习字的范本都是王羲之书帖。

王羲之在中国书法史地位的确立，是因为A.皇帝好恶决定社会对艺术的评判B.王羲之的艺术成就不可超越C.艺术水平与时代选择的共同作用D.朝代更替影响艺术评判标准27.明末有人描述江南农村的变化时说，百年前的雇工“戴星出入，俗柔顺而主令尊”，如今“骄惰成风，非酒食不能劝”“夏必加下点心，冬必与早粥”。

这一变化反映了A.市镇经济与手工业的发展B.政府积极推行重政策C.社会矛盾日益尖锐D.农业中人身依附关系强化学科.网28.甲午战后，梁启超提出“诗界革命”，曾赋诗“泱泱哉我中华……物产腴沃甲大地，天府雄国言非夸。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(陕西卷)语文（含答案）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5．第Ⅰ卷一、（12分，每小题3分）1、下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（）A.刍．议（chú）条分缕．析(lǚ) 圈．养(quān) 愀．然不乐(qiǎo)B.倏．忽(shū)越俎代庖．(páo)牛虻．(máng )自惭形秽．(huì)C.靛．蓝（diàn）毁家纾．难（shū）干涸．（hé）白头偕．老（xié）D.手帕．（pà）相互龃龉．（yǔ）麾．下（huī）探本溯．源（shuò）2．下列各项中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）A.土耳其举重选手穆特鲁身高只有1.50米，多次参加世界男子举重56公斤级比赛，拿4金牌如探囊取物．．．．，人送绰号“举重神童”。

B.冬天老年人要增加营养，也要适当运动，在户外锻炼时一定要量入为出．．．．，以步行为宜，时间最好选在傍晚，还要注意保暖，防止着凉。

C.中国茶艺与日本茶道各有特点，但异曲同工．．．．，都强调“和”的精神。

中日两国青少年也应以和为贵。

为中日睦邻友好多作贡献。

D.北京周边的旅游胜地，笔者去过不少。

但六月中下旬的绿树繁花中仍有冰挂高悬在危崖上，这一出人意表．．．．的奇景却是第一次见到。

3.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A.葛振华大学毕业后回农村当起了村支书，他积极寻找本村经济的切入点，考虑问题与众不同,给村里带来一股清新的气息。

B.荞麦具有降低毛细血管脆性、改善微循环、增加免疫力的作用，可用于高血压、高血脂、冠心病、中风发作等疾病的辅助治疗。

C.王羽除了班里和学生会的工作外，还承担了广播站“音乐不断”、“英语角”栏目主持，居然没有影响学习成绩，真让人佩服。

D.阅览室图书馆经常出现“开天窗”现象，我们可以从这一现象反映两个问题，一是阅读者素质有待提高，一是管理历度有待加强。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）文科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分为150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（共63分）1．近年来，越来越多的公民能够通过政府信息公告栏获取相关政务信息，这体现了（）A．监督权是公民最基本的民主权利B．政府保障公民的知情权C．公民直接行使国家权力D．政府必须依法公开全部信息2．中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度是我国的基本政治制度，是具有中国特色的社会主义政党制度。

这一制度中党际关系的主要特点是（）A．中国共产党立法，各民主党派执法B．中国共产党领导，各民主党派合作C．中国共产党执政，各民主党派参政D．中国共产党监督，各民主党派协商3．CPI是用于衡量某一固定消费品集合价格水平的指数，CPI越大表明物价水平越高。

下表列出了某年份我国三个城市的人均工资与CPI。

若考虑物价因素，三个城市人均实际工资水平由高到低的正确排序是（）A．乙＞丙＞甲B．乙＞甲＞丙C．丙＞甲＞乙D．丙＞乙＞甲4．在经济学中，生产可能性曲线反映了在生产要素和生产技术既定时，所能生产出的各种产品的数量组合。

右表记录了鲁滨逊独自在荒岛生活时一天所能获得的鱼和野果的数量，根据表中数据可绘制“鲁滨逊的生产可能性曲线”（见下图）。

后来，鲁滨逊获得了一个奴隶“星期五”，“星期五”的捕鱼能力比采集野果的能力更强。

两人一起工作时，新的生产可能性曲线是（）注：实线代表鲁滨逊个人的生产可能性曲线，虚线代表鲁滨逊和“星期五”一起工作时的生产可能性曲线。

5．培根说过：“读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使人精密，哲理使人深刻，道德使人高尚，逻辑修辞使人善辩”。

由此可见（）①知识可以提高人的素养②看书学习是获得知识的重要途径③知识是前人经验的传承④能力的提高仅仅来自于书本知识A．①②B．②③C．②④D．③④6．依据人物性别、年龄、身份、职业、性格和创作者对人物的褒贬不同，京剧的行当可以划分为生、旦、净、末、丑。

绝密★启用前2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至15页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项:1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并帖好条形码。

请认真核准条形码的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。

3.本试卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求。

张某承包了0.5化顷耕地，种植结构变化如图1。

当地1月平均气温3℃。

完成1-2题。

1.张某承包的耕地可能位于A.珠江三角洲B.太湖平原C.华北平原D.松嫩平原2.导致种植结构变化的主要因素是A.市场需求B.生产经验C.自然条件D.国家政策下表为我国某城市人口资料。

读下表完成3-4题。

1982年1990年2000年总人口（万人）35 167 7010-14岁（%）35.27 14.63 8.515-64岁（%）58.36 83.15 90.3965岁及以上（%） 6.37 2.22 1.113.该城市自1982年至2000年A.人口自然增长率很高，人口增长迅速B.人口出生率增高，人口老龄化问题得到缓解C.人口出生率大幅度降低，人口死亡率大幅度增高D.人口增长率很高，有大量青壮年人口迁入4.该城市是A.南京B.深圳C.西安D.沈阳产业重心是区城产业产值空间分布的重心。

图2示意中国三次产业重心的经、纬度变化(不含台湾、香港、澳门的统计资料)。

完成5-7题。

5.图中①、②、③线依次代表A.第一产业、第二产业、第三产业B.第二产业、第三产业、第一产业C.第一产业、第三产业、第二产业D.第三产业、第一产业、第二产业6.从产业重心的纬度变化看A.三次产业重心均向北移动 C.第一产业重心移动最快C.第二产业重心移动最快D.第三产业重心移动最快7.自1985年至2003年，产业重心移动的趋势是A.第二产业向东南B.第二产业向东北C.第一产业向东南D.第三产业向东南图3中a是经线，Q点为晨昏线与该经线的交点。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题（全国卷II）(供贵州、黑龙江、吉林、云南、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古、青海、西藏使用)详细解答（311261）杭州市萧山区第六高级中学曾良策本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至 10页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷注意事项1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚。

请认真核准准考证号、姓名和科目。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3．本试卷共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合要求。

一、（12分，每小题3分）1、下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．迸．发（bâng）不屈不挠．（ráo）怆．然（chuàng）婀．娜多姿（ē）B．跻．身（jī）岿．然不动（kuī）女娲．（wō）谆．谆教导（zhūn）C．恫吓．（xià）病入膏肓．（huāng）浣．衣（huàn）神情尴尬．（gà）D．粗糙．（cāo）徘徊．观望（huái）糟粕．（pò）锲．而不舍（qiâ）2、下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是A．新来的王老师为人不苟言笑，同事们一般都不跟他嘻嘻哈哈，只有谭校长有时还会跟他开点无伤大雅．．．．的玩笑。

B．近几年，来中国演出的外国艺术团络绎不绝．．．．，不过人们对俄罗斯芭蕾舞团的《天鹅湖》还是情有独钟，屡看不厌。

C．美国博物馆的收费可谓各尽所能．．．．：有的一部分收费，有的分时段收费，还有的是否交费、交费多少由参观者自行决定。

D．中、日、韩三国参加这次围棋比赛的运动员，水平都在伯仲之间．．．．，谁能胜出，就要看谁具有更好的竞技状态和心理素质了。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试(二)本试卷分第1卷(选择题)和第ll卷(非选择题)两部分。

第1卷1至8页，第11卷9至15页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一井交回。

第1卷注意事项：1答第l卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。

2每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

3本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

读图l．完成1～2题图11．①、②、③、④四地段中平均坡度最大的为A①B．②C③D．④2．海拔低于400米的区域面积约为A．0.05 km2 B 0.5km2C．5 km2 D.50km2图2示意某雏形生态工业目区的产业链．箭头表示物、能量流动过程，其中虚线箭头表示副产品或废弃物的流动。

完成3～5题。

3．图中a、b、c分别代表A．电厂、化工厂、盐场 B．盐场、电厂、化工厂C．电厂、盐场、化工厂 D．盐场、化工厂、电厂4．该生态工业园区中A．发电厂的废水、废气与废渣得到有效利用B．制盐的副产品得到利用C．建材厂有效利用了盐场的废弃物D．化工厂的废弃物得到利用5．该生态工业园区可能位于A．晋南 B．粤北 C．冀东 D．闽西图3示意不同纬度四地白昼长度变化。

完成6～8题。

6．若该圈表示上半年a、b两月(a月早于b月)．则①、②、③、④四地纬度依次是 A．66.5°N、66°N、40°N、40°SB．66.5°S、66°S、40°S、40°NC．66.5°N、66°N、0°、40°SD．66.5°S、66°S、0°、40°N7．根据图中各地的白昼长度变化可知A．a月内①—④各地的夜长均长于昼长B．b月内①—④各地的昼长均长于夜长C．③地较②地昼夜长短的年变幅大D．③地与④地之间的某一纬度上昼夜长短变化为零8. ①地在a月与b月的平均昼长变化Pa与Pb的关系应符合A．O<Pa/Pb<1 B.Pa/Pb=0 C.Pa/Pb=1 D. Pa/Pb>l图4示意日本本州岛部分地区樱花初放日期。