英语专业考研英汉翻译高分特训100篇小说类【圣才出品】
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:728.49 KB
- 文档页数:19
2.4 小说类(Practice 46~Practice 56)Practice 46原来那黛玉虽则病势沉重,心里却还明白。
起先两个侍女说话时,他也模糊听见了一半句,却只作不知,也因实无精神答理。
及听了雪雁对待书说的话,才明白过前头的事情原是议而未成的。
又兼待书说是凤姐说的,老太太的主意,亲上作亲,又是园中住着的,非自己而谁?因此一想,阴极阳生,心神顿觉清爽许多。
……正是:心病终须心药治,解铃还是系铃人。
不言黛玉病渐减退。
且说雪雁紫鹃背地里都念佛。
雪雁向紫鹃说道:“亏他好了!只是病的奇怪,好的也奇怪。
”紫鹃道:“病的倒不怪,就只好的奇怪。
想来宝玉和姑娘必是姻缘。
人家说的‘好事多磨。
’又说道:‘是姻缘棒打不回。
’这么看起来,人心天意,他们两个竟是天配的了。
再者,你想那一年,我说了林姑娘要回南去,把宝玉没急死了,闹得家翻宅乱;如今一句话又把这一个弄的死去活来;可不说的‘三生石上’百年前结下的么?”说着,两个悄悄的抿着嘴笑了一回。
雪雁又道:“幸亏好了!咱们明儿再别说了,就是宝玉娶了别的人家儿的姑娘,我亲见他在那里结亲,我也再不露一句话了。
”紫鹃笑道:“这就是了。
”【参考译文】Now although Dai-yu’s condition was extremely grave, her power of reason was unimpaired. She was aware of Scribe’s arrival and vaguely heard the first words she exchanged with Snowgoose. She felt too exhausted to cope with a visitor,and so pretended to be asleep. But as the conversation progressed, it became clear to her that what she had taken to be a fact had never been more than a proposal. And then she heard Scribe repeat Xi-feng’s words, that Grandmother Jia intended to marry Bao-yu to one of his cousins, to one that lived in the Garden; and who could that be but herself? Just as at the winter solstice Yin gives birth to Yang, so now in her mind darkness gave way to light. She suddenly felt much clearer within herself. ...Truly:No remedy but loveCan make the lovesick well;Only the hand that tied the knotCan loose the tiger’s bell.After this Dai-yu’s condition continued to improve steadily, and Snowgoose and Nightingale offered many a secret prayer of thanks to the Lord Buddha. ‘Thank goodness she’s better!’ said Snowgoose to Nightingale. ‘But what an odd illness! And what an odd way to get better!’‘We know what caused it,’ said Nightingale. ‘It’s this sudden recovery that’s puzzling. I think Bao-yu and Miss Lin must be destined to be married after all. ‘The course of true love never did run smooth’, but‘Marriages made in heaven can never be broken’ either! You can tell they are destined to be together. That’s what they both want in their hearts, and that must be what Heaven has decreed for them. Remember what happened to Bao-yu last year, when I told him Miss Lin was going home to the South? He nearlydied of shock, and made the most terrible scene. And now that one remark of ours has nearly been the death of her. Theirs must be a bond from some previous life, made a century ago at the Rock of Rebirth!’ They exchanged a secret smile at this romantic theory, and Snowgoose exclaimed: ‘Thank goodness she’s bette r anyway! We must never mention it again! Even if Bao-yu were to marry another lady and I witnessed the wedding with my own eyes, I swear I wouldn’t breathe a word of it to anyone.’ Nightingale laughed. ‘Well said!’Practice 47且说黛玉那日弃舟登岸时,便有荣府打发轿子并拉行李车辆伺候。
翻译硕士(MTI)211翻译硕士英语阅读理解高分特训100篇(第二部分)【圣才出品】2.2回答问题◇文学传记类Passage65题材:文学传记类字数:398It takes a lot of courage to deal with the fact that you have cancer.It takes even more courage to deal with losing a leg because of that cancer.However,it takes a true hero to then attempt to run across the second largest country in the world with an artificial leg in order to raise money for cancer.A man named Terry Fox was just such a hero.Terry was only eighteen years old when doctors told him and his family that he had a type of bone cancer in his knee.The doctors said that they had to cut off Terry’s leg.Terry showed a great deal of courage when he lost his leg.He quickly learned to use his artificial leg,and he did not feel sorry for himself.He was thankful that he was still alive.After his experiences with other cancer patients in hospital,Terry wanted to do something.Not a lot of people knew much about cancer at the beginning of the 1980s,and not a lot of money was going towards finding a cure or developing better treatments.Terry decided that he was going to raise one dollar for every person in Canada.The population of Canada at the time was24million,so he planned to raise24million dollars for cancer research,and he planned to do this by running across the county.On a beach in Newfoundland,Terry Fox began his Marathon of Hope by dipping his artificial leg into the Atlantic Ocean on April12,1980.He ran about42 kilometers a day,and he gave speeches along the way.People were learning about cancer,andthey were giving money to Terry and his dream.T erry kept running.He ran through Quebec to Ontario.By August,he was halfway across Canada.In the middle of the Marathon of Hope,however,Terry’s chest started to hurt. He stopped running and saw a doctor.Unfortunately,the cancer had returned and was now in his lungs.He had to give up the Marathon of Hope and go back into hospital.Sadly,Terry Fox passed away in1981without finishing his run,but not before24million dollars had been raised for cancer research.Money has continued to be raised in his name since that time.More than360million dollars has been raised worldwide in yearly Terry Fox Runs.Questions1to5Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage in a maximum of10words for each question.1.What happened to Terry Fox when he was18?2.Why did Terry want to run across Canada?3.Where did Terry come up with the number24million?4.What was the most amazing thing about T erry’s Marathon of Hope?5.Why did Terry have to stop running?【答案与解析】1.He lost a leg because of cancer.(第二段第二、三句指出”医生说要切除Terry的腿,Terry失去腿后显示出极大的勇气”。
第1章阅读理解技巧指南1.1 大纲要求和试题类型全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才的教育目标,制定了全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲,其中,《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲对阅读理解部分的具体要求如下:1. 考核要求1)能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章,既能理解其主旨和大意,又能分辨出其中的事实与细节,并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2)能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 试题类型1) 多项选择题(包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题);2) 简答题(要求根据所阅读的文章,用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题,重点考查阅读综述能力)。
本部分题材广泛,体裁多样,选材体现时代性、实用性;重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力;对阅读速度有一定要求。
通过分析各大院校《翻译硕士英语》考研真题可知,阅读理解的出题形式主要为四至五篇文章,其中一至两篇为简答题,其他文章为多项选择题,一般多项选择题每题2分,简答题每题2至4分。
由于《翻译硕士英语》由各招生单位自主命题,阅读部分的文章长度差别比较大,阅读量大的能达到4000多词(如四川大学),小的只有1500词左右(如对外经贸大学),大多数院校阅读量控制在2500词至3000词左右。
1.2 解题技巧指南1. 阅读理解常见考题分析阅读理解中,常见的考题主要有:主旨题、细节题、推断题和语义题等。
每种题型对考生的能力和知识考查的侧重点都有所不同。
下面就每一种题型及其解题思路进行分析讲解。
(1) 主旨题测试考生对整篇短文主要内容、中心大意的理解。
文章的主题思想就是作者通过文章所要表达的观点、感情和思想等。
主题思想往往是通过文章中各部分内容及其内在联系体现出来的,通常由一个或两个句子来表达,这类题目的解题关键在于文章的第一段和最后一段。
(2) 细节题细节题是阅读理解部分常见的题目类型,考查考生对文章中某个具体信息的理解。
◆人物传记类Practice95(1)I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations,through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey.These examinations were a great trial to me.The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least.I would have liked to have been examined in history,poetry and writing essays.The examiners, on the other hand,were partial to Latin and mathematics.And their will prevailed. Moreover,the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer.I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew.They always tried to ask what I did not know.When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge,they sought to expose my ignorance.This sort of treatment had only one result:I did not do well in examinations.This was especially true of my Entrance Examination to Harrow.(2)The Headmaster,Dr Weldon,however,took a broadminded(宽宏大量的)view of my Latin prose:he showed discernment in judging my general ability.This was the more remarkable,because I was found unable to answer a single question in the Latin paper.I wrote my name at the top of the page.I wrote down the number of the question“I”.After much reflection I put a bracket round it thus“(I)”.But thereafter I could not think of anything connected with it that was either relevant ortrue.Incidentally there arrived from nowhere in particular a blot and several smudges(污迹).I gazed for two whole hours at this sad spectacle and then merciful ushers collected my piece of foolscap with all the others and carried it up to the Headmaster’s table.(3)It was from these slender indications of scholarship that Dr.Weldon drew the conclusion that I was worthy to pass into Harrow.It is very much to his credit.It showed that he was a man capable of looking beneath the surface of things:a man not dependent upon paper manifestations.I have always had the greatest regard for him.In consequence of his decision,I was in due course placed in the third,or lowest,division of the Fourth,or bottom,Form.(4)The names of the new boys were printed in the School List in alphabetical order;and as my correct name, Spencer-Churchill,began with an“S”,I gained no more advantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters.I was in fact only two from the bottom of the whole school;and these two;I regret to say,disappeared almost immediately through illness or some other cause.The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton.At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called.At Harrow they file(排成纵列行进)past a Master in the school yard and answer one by one.My position was therefore revealed in its somewhat invidious humility.(5)It was the year1887,Lord Randolph Churchill had only just resigned his position as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer(财政大臣),and he still towered in the forefront of politics.In sequence,large numbers of visitors of bothsexes used to wait on the school steps,in order to see me march by;and I frequently heard the irreverent(无礼的)comment,“Why,he’s last of all!”【解析及译文】(1)【解析】本句中包含了“scarcely...when”的结构,表示“才…就”。
◆文学类Practice 39How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In the spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush thought my open finger. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. T o me the page ant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. the panorama of color and actionwhich fills the world is taken for granted. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere conveniences rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in "How to Use Your Eyes". The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.Perhaps I can best illustrate by imagining what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say, for just three days. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the on-coming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, how would you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?I, naturally, should want most to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. You, too, would want to let your eyes rest on the things that have become dear to you so that you could take the memory of them with you into the night that loomed before you.If, by some miracle, I were granted three seeing days, to be followed by a relapse into darkness, I should divide the period into three parts.【参考译文】我独自一人,在林子里散步一小时之久而没有看到任何值得注意的东西,那怎么可能呢?我自己,一个不能看见东西的人,仅仅通过触觉,都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西。
2.2 文言文(Practice 6~Practice 21)Practice 6臣亮言:先帝创业未半,而中道崩殂;今天下三分,益州疲敝,此诚危急存亡之秋也。
然侍卫之臣,不懈于内;忠志之士,忘身于外者:盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也。
诚宜开张圣听,以光先帝遗德,恢弘志士之气;不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中,俱为一体;陟罚臧否,不宜异同:若有作奸犯科,及为忠善者,宜付有司,论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之治;不宜偏私,使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下:愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必得裨补阙漏,有所广益。
将军向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事,试用之于昔日,先帝称之曰"能",是以众议举宠为督:愚以为营中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,必能使行阵和穆,优劣得所也。
亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。
先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也!侍中、尚书、长史、参军,此悉贞亮死节之臣也,愿陛下亲之、信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。
臣本布衣,躬耕南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。
先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,谘臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。
后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间:尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。
受命以来,夙夜忧虑,恐付托不效,以伤先帝之明;故五月渡泸,深入不毛。
今南方已定,甲兵已足,当奖帅三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都:此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。
至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、依、允等之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵;若无兴复之言,则责攸之、依、允等之咎,以彰其慢。
陛下亦宜自谋,以谘诹善道,察纳雅言,深追先帝遗诏。
臣不胜受恩感激!今当远离,临表涕泣,不知所云。
2.8 政治经济类(Practice 83~Practice 92)Practice 832011年是中国进入“十二五”时期的开局之年。
在新的一年里,中国人民将继续高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,加快推进经济结构调整,着力保障和改善民生,不断深化改革开放,保持经济平稳较快发展,促进社会和谐稳定。
我们将坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针,紧紧依靠广大香港同胞、澳门同胞,努力保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。
我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针,牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展主题,继续推进两岸交流合作,不断造福两岸同胞。
当前,世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,科技创新孕育新突破,但世界经济复苏进程仍将艰难曲折,气候变化、能源资源安全、粮食安全、公共卫生安全等全球性问题更加突出,国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏,世界和平与发展面临的机遇和挑战都前所未有。
加强国际合作,携手应对人类共同面临的严峻挑战,符合各国人民共同利益。
借此机会,我愿重申,中国将继续高举和平、发展、合作旗帜,坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,始终不渝走和平发展道路,始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略,在和平共处五项原则的基础上积极发展同各国的友好交往和互利合作,积极参与应对全球性问题的国际合作,继续同各国人民一道推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
此时此刻,世界上还有不少民众经受着战火、贫困、疾病、自然灾害等带来的苦难。
中国人民对他们的不幸遭遇抱着深深的同情,衷心希望他们早日摆脱困境。
中国人民将一如既往向他们提供力所能及的帮助。
我相信,只要各国人民携手努力,世界发展前景一定会更加美好,各国人民福祉一定会不断增进。
【参考译文】The year 2011 marks the beginning of China's implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development. In the upcoming year, we will unswervingly uphold the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, deepen the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, pursue a path of scientific development, accelerate the change of development mode and structural adjustment, and maintain a proactive fiscal and stable monetary policy. We will pay more attention to deepening the reform and opening up and further improving people's welfare. We will make overall plans to guarantee a stable and relatively fast economic growth and social harmony and stability. We will uphold the principles of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" and "Macao people governing Macao" with a high degree of autonomy. We will work together with our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to maintain long-term prosperity and stability in the two Special Administrative Regions. We will adhere to the Principles of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems", and firmly grasp the theme of cross-Straits relations and peaceful development, strengthen the cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation, and bring continuous well-being to compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.At present, the world is moving further towards multi-polarity and globalization while the innovation of science and technology is brewing new breakthroughs. But, at the same time, the recovery of world economy is still facing many hardships; global issues such as climate change, energy, resources, food and public sanitary security are prominent; and international and regional hot spots are popping up. World peace and development face grave challenges. To strengthen global cooperation and meet the challenges in a joint way is to the best interest of the people of all countries. I would like to take this opportunity to reaffirm that China will uphold the banner of peace, development and cooperation and adhere to an independent and peaceful foreign policy. We will unswervingly take the road of peaceful development and implement a strategy of opening up for mutual benefit and win-win situation, actively develop friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, actively participate in efforts by the international community to deal with the global issues, and strive to build a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.At this moment on this planet we inhabit, there are still people who are suffering the effects of war, poverty, sickness and natural disasters. The Chinese people have great sympathy for their pain, and are always willing to do all we can to help them overcome the difficulties. I believe, with sustained efforts of people of all countries, the world is sure to progress, and humanity's well-being is certain to improve.Practice 84我们必须加大对农业的支持力度。
◆文化类Practice 63约在公元前后,佛教就传入了塔里木盆地,直到13、14世纪伊斯兰教替代佛教以前,一千多年间,佛教在这里一直很兴盛。
当时龟兹是“丝绸之路”北道的佛教中心。
唐代名僧玄奘西行求法时,曾路过龟兹。
据《大唐西域记》记载,那时龟兹有佛寺一百余所,僧尼五千余人。
在龟兹大城的西门外,大路两旁各有一座高30余米的立佛像。
每年秋分前后数十日间,不仅僧尼齐集,而且上至君王,下至百姓,也都来此受经听法。
各寺院还把佛像用锦绮珍宝装饰起来,安放在彩车上,在街上缓缓行走,称为“行象”,这在当时是非常盛大的宗教活动。
龟兹的佛教文化,对中原地区曾经产生过很大的影响。
最值得一提的是出生于龟兹的名僧鸠摩罗什(344—413年)在翻译佛教经典方面所做的贡献。
鸠摩罗什父籍天竺(今印度)母亲是龟兹王白纯的妹妹。
他从小就出家,向名僧学习佛经,在西域享有盛名。
公元401年,鸠摩罗什来到了长安,被后秦的皇帝姚兴遵为国师。
他一面讲经,一面从事佛经的翻译工作。
鸠摩罗什既精通梵文,又精通汉文,因此他翻译的佛经表达准确,文字流畅,当时颇受人们称赞。
他在长安十余年间,共翻译佛经74部,384卷。
【参考译文】Buddhism came to the T arim Basin around the first century. It was replaced by Islamism in the 13th or 14th century. During the first thousand years, Buddhism exerted a great influence on the region. Qiuci was the centre of Buddhism on thenorthern Silk Road.Monk Xuan Zang of Tang stopped here on his way to the west. According to his Travels in the Western Region, Qiuci boasted of more than 100 Buddhist temples and 5000 nuns and monks. On either side of the western gate of the city was a Buddhist statue standing over 30m high. One month before and after the Autumnal Equinox big crowds would gather here to listen to sermons. Among the audience were nuns and monks ,and the king and princes. The monks adorned Buddhist images with silk and precious stones. This grand ceremony was known as the "moving image".Qiuci's Buddhist culture exercised a tremendous influence on the central regions. Kumarajiva (344-413), a native of Qiuci, made a significant contribution to the translation of the Buddhist scripts. His father was an Indian and his mother was a sister of Bai Chun, king of Qiuci. As a boy, he became a monk and studied the scriptures under some celebrated monks. He was well-known in the Western Region. He came to Changan in 401. Yao Xing, emperor of the Late Qin, bestowed on him the title of high priest of the nation. He was well versed in Sanskrit as well as Chinese. He preached while translating the Buddist scripts. His translations are accurate and smooth. During his ten years' stay in Changan, he translated 74 scripts in 384 volumes.Practice 64简·奥斯订的小说写的都是三五户人家居家度日,婚恋嫁娶的小事,因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
◆科技类Practice 79“苏钢”操作的要点是:先把料铁放到炉里鼓风加热,后把生铁的一端斜放到炉口里加热,继续鼓风,使炉里温度不断升高。
当炉温在摄氏一千三百度左右的时候,炉里的生铁不断地往下滴铁水,料铁已经软化。
然后钳住生铁块在炉外的一端,使铁水均匀淋到料铁上,并且不断翻动料铁。
这样就产生剧烈的氧化。
淋完以后,停止鼓风,夹出钢团,砧上锤击,去除夹杂。
一般要淋两次。
“苏钢”冶炼高明的地方主要有二点:一是料铁组织疏松,含有大量的氧化夹杂,硅、锰、碳含量也比较高,炼的时候氧化剧烈,造成一定的渣、铁分离。
二是料铁中的铁的氧化物氧化了生铁中的碳以后,铁便被还原出来,这样就提高了金属的收得率。
【参考译文】The main steps in processing SU steel are as follows:wrought iron is put into the furnace and heated with a blast,then one end of a cast-iron block is placed obliquely in the furnace opening to be heated.The blast is maintained so that the temperature continues to rise.When a furnace temperature of about l,300℃is reached,the cast iron will melt and start to drip,while the wrought iron is softened.The cast-iron block is then held in tongs from the outside to let the molten cast iron drip evenly onto the wrought iron,which is being steadily stirred to cause strong oxidation.After dripping,the blast is stopped and the steel masstaken out and hammered to remove impurities.This dripping should generally be done twice.Su steel smelting has two advantages:(1)During the pouring process there is strong oxidation which results in separation of slag and iron,the wrought iron being soft in structure and containing large amounts of oxide impurities,and also silicon,manganese and carbon.(2)After oxides in the wrought iron cause oxidation of the carbon in the cast iron,iron will be deoxidized,giving higher rates of metal reclamation.Practice 80医生们通常认为白天极度嗜睡是夜晚睡眠时间不足或睡眠紊乱造成的。
2.2 篇章选词填空(Passage 51~Passage 70)Directions:Choose one appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the blanks in the passage below. Change the word form wherenecessary. Remember the list contains some extra words that may notbe used in filling in any of the blanks.◆科普科研类Keeping a full social calendar may help protect you from dementia(痴呆症), researchers said on Monday. (1)active people who were not easily stressed had a 50 percent lower risk of developing dementia compared with men and women who were (2) and prone to distress, they reported in the journal Neurology. “In the past, studies have shown that long-term distress can (3) parts of the brain, possibly leading to dementia,” Hui-Xin Wang of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, who led the study, said in a (4) .“But our findings suggest that having a calm and (5) personality in combination with a socially active lifestyle may decrease the risk of developing dementia even further.”An estimated 24 million people worldwide have the memory loss, problems with direction and other (6) that signal Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.Researchers believe the number of people with dementia may increase by four times by 2040, (7) the importance of better understanding the condition.The Swedish study involved 506 elderly people who did not have dementia when first examined. The volunteers were given questionnaires about their personality traits and lifestyles and then (8) for six years.Over that time, 144 people developed dementia with more socially active and less stressed men and women 50 percent less likely to be (9) with the condition.“The good news is, lifestyle factors can be modified as opposed to genetic factors which cannot be controlled,” Wang said. “But these are early results, so how exactly (10)attitude influences risk for dementia is not clear.”1. Socially(该处应填入修饰active的副词。
第1章考研英语(二)翻译攻略1.1考研英语(二)翻译题型介绍一、综述2010年1月起,MBA(工商管理学硕士)、MPAcc(会计硕士)和MPA(公共管理硕士)等专业硕士学位项目入学考试的英语科目采用全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的英语(二)试卷,考试测试内容和题型也作了统一规定。
根据《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)》,段落英译汉为试卷第三部分,该部分要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落,并将其全部译成汉语。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
共15分。
二、命题特点(1)选文特点英译汉部分所选短文多为正式说明文和议论文,用词比较规范、正式。
翻译内容一般不涉及较强的专业性,所选短文题材包括社会文化、经济管理、科普知识等,比较集中在经济、金融、企业管理方面的一般性综述。
(2)设题特点段落英译汉所考查句子结构的复杂程度并不稳定在一定范围内,历年考题中也常出现包含复杂从句的难句,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、被动句等。
考查要点在于准确把握词义、分析语言结构和使用汉语进行正确规范表达。
1.2英语与汉语的差异英语和汉语是有着很大差异的。
首先对这些差异有一个总体印象,在做题时就能得心应手。
差异主要表现在:1.形合与意合英语重形合,而汉语重意合。
也就是说,英语注重使用很多连词,而在汉语中,句与句之间使用连词的情况不如英语普遍。
如“早知今日,何必当初?”英语表述为“If I had known it would come to this,I would have acted differently.”2.具体与抽象英语中多用具体的词语,少用一些抽象的概念,而汉语中使用抽象的概念较多。
如“吃一堑,长一智”的英文表述是“A fall in the pit,a gain in the wit.”3.汉语与英语的词序与语序,结构都存在很大差异英语多用被动语态,汉语多用主动语态。
在英译汉时,最好变英语中的被动表达方式为汉语表达中的主动形式,这样才符合汉语的语言习惯。
◆经济类Practice 6The US airline industry is facing a new threat to its profits — heavier passengers, a report has found.According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average US adult put on ten pounds (4.5 kgs) of weight during the 1990s.Shifting the extra bulk cost airlines an additional $275m in fuel costs in 2000, the report says.Earnings at airlines have already been under pressure amid waning demand and a record surge in the price of crude oil.In the US, a number of carriers have gone bust while others are struggling to survive in an ever more competitive market place.While it is relatively easy to check the weight of a traveller's luggage and charge those that bust limits, it is much harder to regulate a person's waistline.Some firms have toyed with the idea of charging obese travellers for two seats, but it is not a practice that has taken off industry-wide.Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads.Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms respondingby raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices.The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms.Restaurant chain McDonald's has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits.The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit.【参考译文】有报告显示,目前乘客体重不断增加使美国航空业的利润空间面临新的威胁。
英语专业考研基础英语阅读理解高分特训100篇补全文章上◇文学传记类Passage73题材:文学传记类字数:523You have probably heard of ghost towns.They are complete cities that were once lived in,but now are deserted.You find them mainly in the western United States,where they sprang up during the gold rush days.(1)___________I visited one recently on my summer vacation to Italy.It was the old Roman town of Pompeii that disappeared after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, a nearby volcano.The eruption covered the town completely with hot ashes and ciders,turning it into an everlasting city of stone within a few hours.(2)___________But the people were not concerned because,as far as they knew, Mount Vesuvius was just an ordinary mountain.However,on what happend to be a regular summer day in A.D.79,the grand began to tremble,and there was an enormous cracking sound.The top of Vesuvius blew off!A huge cloud of dust and ash came pouring out.The cloud hid the sun,and it became as dark as night.Tiny,hot pebbles began to fall on Pompeii.Then a horrible smell like rotten eggs filled the air.It was the fumes of a poisonous gas.Some people tried to escape by sea.The Roman writerPliny,whose letters describing the eruption later led to the discovery of Pompeii, managed to get his mother to safety.But the majority of people were trapped.About2,000people out of a possible20,000have been discovered in excavations of Pompeii,the molds of their bodies preserved forever in the hardened ash.Now they can be seen as they were on that day,for plaster casts have been made of them,depicting every detail down to the agony and despair on their faces.(3)___________By this time Pompeii had been buried for so long that it had been forgotten,and a new town had been built on top of it.However,people started to dig up remains of walls and buildings,while at the same time Pliny's letters about the eruption were being read.Finally a stone with"Pompeii"written on it was found, and the excavation began in earnest.I saw about three-fourths of Pompeii that had been uncovered.It was amazing to think that I was looking at the very buildings that these people had lived in,and I was walking along the very streets they had run down in the hopes of escaping the hot ashes and pebbles.It was a strange feeling.(4)___________The streets were well surfaced,and many of the buildings were intact.There were stores which once sold silver,shoes,and wine.I noticed that the better houses contained windows,indoor plumbing,cisterns,taps,steam baths, central heating,and drainage system--all almost as modern as my house back in the United States!Pictures still remained,painted on the walls.Even the election slogans and graffiti were there,revealing the feelings and hopes of thetownspeople.(5)___________There were theaters,shopping malls,temples,and even public baths which reminded me of our health clubs and gyms.I was struck by how modern everything seemed,yet,at the same time,I felt that I was walking years back into history.Choose from the sentences A-G,the one which best fits each gap of1-5.There are extra sentences which you do not need to use.[A]The excavations began in the1700s.[B]Visiting Pompeii was an incredible experience.[C]There are,however,much older ghost towns than the former mining towns.[D]Mount Vesuvius had made rumbling noises when an earthquake damaged the city.[E]I could almost see the people going about their business,for the lava hadpreserved everything exactly as it was on the day the volcano erupted.[F]One can imagine the scene:everyone creaming,running and shouting,andcoming out of their houses and stores with horror.[G]Remains of the other buildings showed me that the Romans had alsodiscovered many other conveniences and forms of entertainment that we enjoy.1.C根据上下文可知此处谈论的是ghost towns,只有C项与之相关,填入文章后,衔接得当,故答案为C项。
◆文学类Practice 89雨前最后的鸽群带着低弱的笛声在微风里划一个圈子后,也消失了。
也许是误认为这灰暗的凄冷的天空为夜色的来袭,或是也预感到风雨的将至,遂过早地飞回它们温暖的木舍。
几天的阳光在柳条上撒下一抹嫩绿,被尘土埋掩得有憔悴色了,是需要一次洗涤。
还有干裂的大地和树根也早已期待着雨。
雨却迟疑着。
我情想着故乡的雷声和雨声。
那隆隆的有力的搏击,从山谷反响到山谷,仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动,惊醒,而怒茁出来。
细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它,使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。
这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。
我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量,一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的归里,如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点,久不落下。
白色的鸭也似有一点烦躁了,有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声。
有的还未厌倦那船一样的徐徐的划行。
有的却倒插它们的长颈在水里,红色的蹼趾伸在尾后,不停地扑击着水以支持身体的平衡。
不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物,还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。
有几个已上岸了。
在柳树下来回地作绅士的散步,舒息划行的疲劳。
然后参差地站着,用嘴细细地抚理它们遍体白色的羽毛,间或又摇动身子或扑展阔翅,使那缀在羽毛间的水珠坠落。
一个已修饰完毕的,弯曲它的颈到背上,长长的红嘴藏没在翅膀里,静静合上它白色的茸毛间的小黑眼,仿佛准备睡眠。
可怜的小动物,你就是这样做你的梦吗?我想起故乡的放雏鸭的人了。
一大群鹅黄色的雏鸭游牧在溪流间。
清浅的水,两岸青青的草,一根长长的竹竿在牧人的手里。
他的小队伍是多么欢欣地发出啾啁声,又多么驯服地随着他的竿头越过一个田野又一个山坡!夜来了,帐幕似的竹篷撑在地上,就是他的家。
但这是怎样辽远的想象啊!在这多尘土的国度里,我仅只希望听见一点树叶上的雨声。
一点雨声的幽凉滴到憔悴的梦,也许会长成一树圆圆的绿阴来覆荫我自己。
我仰起头。
天空低垂如灰色雾幕,落下一些寒冷的碎屑到我脸上。
一只远来的鹰隼仿佛带着愤怒,对这沉重的天色的愤怒,平张的双翅不动地从天空斜插下,几乎触到河沟对岸的土阜,而又鼓扑着双翅,作出猛烈的声响腾上了。
第2章考研英语(一)英译汉画线句子翻译高分特训100篇纵观历年真题,考研英语(一)英译汉部分,即阅读理解C节题材广泛,所选用文章大多摘自原版刊物或读物,内容涉及社会生活、科普知识、文化教育、人物传记等几个方面。
体裁多样,以议论文和说明文为主。
根据最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)关于翻译部分的要求,并结合历年翻译真题常考题材及要点,本章精选出考研英语(一)英译汉画线句子翻译100篇,使考生全面了解考研英语(一)各个题材的翻译,真正做到考试时得心应手。
◆文化教育类Practice1It can be argue that the change in social values which education brings about is a necessary one.(1)We might say that primary socialization,as we have defined it,tends to have a frame of reference which relates to the past and provides for the learning of traditional values,whereas secondary socialization tends to have a wider frame of reference and provides for the adaptation of the individual to a changing society.It can also be argue that social change is,in some degree at least, a consequence of education and secondary socialization has often been imposed on societies without regard to the importance of traditional values.(2)Whichever view one takes,it seems clear that for satisfactory social learning to take placeprimary and secondary socialization need to be reconciled so that they are complementary and not in conflict.Mention has already been made of the socializing function of language.The kind of language which the child uses at home or with his peer group,that is to say the other children in the neighborhood who play with him,may be very different from the kind of language that his teacher expects him to use at school.(3)In this case,the language behaviour of primary socialization is in conflict with the norms of language behaviour which are considered to be correct for the purposes of secondary socialization.This problem is made more difficult by the fact that difference in the kind of language used at home and at school may go along with differences in the uses of language in these two nguage in the home,for example,may be used mainly for the purposes of interaction between the members of the family,as a way of maintaining emotional relationships.In the school classroom,however,the child is often required to use language in a different way.(4)Here its purpose is not so much to help interaction as to serve as a means of acquiring and organizing knowledge.It serves an intellectual rather than an emotional purpose.In this case, conflict occurs because the uses of language developed in primary socialization are not those which are of primary importance in secondary socialization.In view of these difficulties,some educationists have suggested the need for language programmes which will provide“verbally deprived”children with the kind of language and its uses which they will need for their school education.Othereducationists have taken the contrary view.They believe that educational methods should themselves change so that they relate more closely to the child’s experience,including his experience of language.(5)To take this view is to argue that secondary socialization should adapt itself to primary socialization as far as possible and to imply that the latter should be given priority.参考译文及解析(1)【解析】that引导宾语从句,从句中由whereas连接构成并列结构。
2.1诗歌(Practice1~Practice5)Practice1As fair art thou,my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still,my dear,Till a'the seas gang dry.Till a'the seas gang dry,my dear,And the rocks melt wi’the sun;And I will luve thee still,my dear,While the sands o’life shall run.【参考译文】我的好姑娘,你有多么美。
我的情也有多么深。
我将永远爱你,亲爱的,直到大海干枯水流尽。
直到大海干枯水流尽。
太阳把岩石烧作灰尘。
我也永远爱你,亲爱的。
只要我一息尚存。
Practice2The sea is calm tonight.The tide is full,the moon lies fairUpon the straits;on the French coast the light Gleams and is gone;the cliffs of England stand, Glimmering and vast,out in the tranquil bay. Come to the window,sweet is the night-air!Only,from the long line of sprayWhere the sea meets the moon-blanch’d land, Listen!You hear the grating roarOf pebbles which the waves draw back,and fling, At their return,up the high strand,Begin,and cease,and then again beginWith tremulous cadence slow,and bringThe eternal note of sadness in.【参考译文】今夜海上是风平浪静,潮水正满,月色皎皎临照着海峡;——法国海岸上,光明一现而不见了;英国的悬崖,闪亮而开阔,挺立在宁谧的海湾里。
2.3小说类(Practice26~Practice36)Practice26It is a very long time since I attended a Mass.In this pilgrimage town you get the real thing,with a crowd of real worshippers--those who come include the paralyzed,the crippled,the blind,the deformed,the dying,a terrible parade,a parade Mass proceeded.It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time,as all did,since I had voluntarily come:but for all the disapproving glances,I the stiff--necked Jew,would not kneel.I remember the first break with my own religion as though it were yesterday.I can still feel my cheek stinging from the slap of the mashiakh,the study hall supervisor,as I trudge in the snow on t he town square in the purple evening,having been ordered out of the hall for impudent heresy.Perhaps in a larger city,the mashiakh would have had the sense to smile at my effrontery,and pass it off.Then the whole course of my life might have been different.【参考译文】我已经很久没有做过弥散。
在这个众人朝拜的圣城,我看到了真正的弥散。
看到一批一批虔诚的善男信女,其中有瘫痪的,有跛足的,有失明的,有畸形的,有奄奄一息的,他们组成一支令人目不忍赌的行列。
如果有谁果真相信就连麻雀坠地这样的小事上帝也注意到了,那么这些人一定是他有意残酷作弄的对象,或是他千虑一失的牺牲品。
教堂里寒气逼人,但弥撒开始后,教堂里的气氛与我心中的凄凉相比,却温暖如春。
既然我来这里是完全出于自愿。
仅仅为了礼貌起见,我本应该在需要下跪的时候和他们一起下跪。
但是,我这个倔强的犹太人却不顾四周向我射来的非难目光,就是不肯下跪。
我还记得我最初和我的犹太教决裂的情形。
就像昨天发生一样。
那个学堂的学监,认为我胆敢信奉异端邪说,狠狠打了我一记耳光,把我赶出学堂。
我只得在紫色暮霭中,拖着沉重的脚步走在市政广场的雪地里,脸上感到针戳一般痛,现在我还感到那种痛。
这种事如发生在一个大一些的城市,那里的学监可能会通情达理,对我的冒犯行为一笑了之。
如果真是那样,我的生命旅程也许就会完全不同。
Practice27It happened one day,about noon,going towards my boat,I was exceedingly surprised with the print of a man’s naked foot on the shore,which was very plain to be seen in the sand.I stood like one thunder-struck,or as if I had seen an apparition.I listened,I looked round me,I could hear nothing,nor see anything.I went up to a rising ground,to look farther.I went up the shore,and down the shore,but it was all one;I could see no other impression but that one.I went to it again to see if there were any more,and to observe if it might not be my fancy;but there was no room for that,for there was exactly the very print of a foot-toes,heel,and every part of a foot.How it came thither I knew not,nor could in the least imagine.But after innumerable fluttering thoughts,like a man perfectly confused and out of myself,I came home to my fortification,not feeling,as we say,the ground I went on,but terrified to the last degree,looking behind me at every two or three steps, mistaking every bush and tree,and fancying every stump at a distance to be a man; nor is it possible to describe how many various shapes affrighted imaginationrepresented things to me in,how many wild ideas were found every moment in my fancy,and what strange,unaccountable whimsies came into my thoughts by the way.When I came to my castle,for so I think I called it ever after this,I fled into it like one pursued.Whether I went over by the ladder,as first contrived,or went in at the hole in the rock,which I called a door,I cannot remember;no,nor could I remember the next morning,for never frighted hare fled to cover,or fox to earth, with more terror of mind than I to this retreat.【参考译文】一天中午,我正向我的小船走去,忽见岸上有人的赤足脚印一只,从沙上看去,异常明显,见后确实使我吃惊不浅。
我呆立在了那里,一动不动,简直如遭到雷击或见到鬼魂一般。
我细听了听,又望了望,但并没听到什么,也没见到什么。
我走上一块高地,想朝远看看。
我走上岸边,又走了下来,但还是一样;此外再没见着别的印记。
我再次走到脚印地方,看看那里是否还有,并想弄清是否只是我的幻觉;但是没有怀疑余地,这里分明是一只脚的印记——脚趾、脚跟,一样不缺。
这东西究竟是怎么来的,我说不出,想要猜猜,也无从猜起。
翻来覆去想了许久,我终于像个神志不清的人那样,惶惶不安地返回我的堡垒,正像俗话说的,一路脚不觉地,真真骇怕到了极点,三步两步掉头一望,简直草木皆兵,觉得远处每根树桩都像是人;至于惊骇之中想象如何把一切东西都幻作千奇百怪,头脑之中陆续涌现出了多少古怪念头,以及一路上种种离奇而不可言喻的荒唐想法又是如何进入我的思虑之中,这些我就更加描写不来。
当我回到我的城堡(记得自此之后我即以此呼之),我就像逃命一般跑了进去。
至于我是怎么进去的,是从原来设计的那个梯子进去的,还是从我管它叫门的那个石洞进去的,我已记不起来;甚至到第二天早上都没想起,的确当天逃回来时受惊之深,真是连钻土入穴的狐兔也是没法比的。
Practice28About thirty years ago,Miss Maria Ward of Huntingdon,with only seven thousand pounds,had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram,of Mansfield Park,in the county of Northampton,and to be there by raised to the rank of a baronet’s lady,with all the comforts and consequences of an handsome house and large income.All Huntingdon exclaimed on the greatness of the match,and her uncle,the lawyer,himself,allowed her to be at least three thousand pounds short of any equitable claim to it.She had two sisters to be benefited by her elevation;and such of their acquaintance as thought Miss Ward and Miss Frances quite as handsome as Miss Maria,did not scruple to predict their marrying with almost equal advantage.But there certainly are not so many men of large fortune in the world,as there are pretty women to deserve them.Miss Ward,at the end of half a dozen years,found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev.Mr.Norris,a friend of her brother-in-law,with scarcely any private fortune,and Miss Frances fared yet worse.Miss Ward’s match,indeed,when it came to the point,was not contemptible,Sir Thomas being happily able to give his friend an income in the living of Mansfield,and Mr.and Mrs.Norris began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year.But Miss Frances married,in the common phrase,to disoblige her family,and by fixing on a Lieutenant of Marines,without education,fortune,or connections,did it very thoroughly.She could hardly have made a more untoward choice.Sir Thomas Bertram had interest,which,from principle as well as pride,from a general wish of doing right,and a desire of seeing all that were connected with him in situations of respectability,he would have been glad to exert for the advantage of Lady Bertram’s sister;but her husband’s profession was such as no interest could reach;and before he had time to devise any other method of assisting them,an absolute breach between the sisters had taken place.It was the natural result of the conduct of each party,and such as a very imprudent marriage almost always produces.To save herself from useless remonstrance,Mrs.Price never wrote to her family on the subject till actually dy Bertram,who was a woman of very tranquil feelings,and a temper remarkably easy and indolent,would have contented herself with merely giving up her sister,and thinking no more of.the matter:but Mrs.Norris had a spirit of activity,which could not be satisfied till she had written a long and angry letter to Fanny,to point out the folly of her conduct,and threaten her with all its possible ill consequences.Mrs.Price in her turn was injured and angry;and an answer which comprehended each sister in its bitterness,and bestowed such very disrespectful reflections on the pride of Sir Thomas,as Mrs.Norris could not possibly keep to herself,put an end to all intercourse between them for a considerable period.【参考译文】大约三十年前,家产不过七千镑的亨丁顿家的玛丽亚·沃德小姐,居然吉星高照,有幸笼络住了北安普顿郡曼斯斐园的托马斯-伯特伦爵士,因而地位骤升,成了位从男爵的夫人,从此华屋巨资、荣华富贵、不烦细表。