新视野 视听说 第四册Unit8

Uint8II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM:Scentists claim the world population has 99.5% of the same DNA. W: But this doesn’t tell us there is no such thing as race.Q: What is true of the DNA of difference races?2.ScriptW: With the advent of the genetic map we know where everything is, but do we know where to go with it?M: Your map seems to differ largely from my geographical map!Q: What does the man imply?3.ScriptM: As you know, it has taken millions of years of evolution and natural selection to get us where we are today.W: Yes, but now that we have genetic engineering, we seem to have decided that we want to be God.Q: What does the woman imply?4.ScriptM: I think the research into cloning will lead us into dangers, filling us with false hopes of perfection.W: It’s too late to turn back the clock. We’ll just have to depend on common sense to solve uncommon problems.Q: What does the woman mean?5.ScriptW: In America, many prisoners are having their cases reviewed, and some have even been freed through DNA testing.M: Except for the ones whose death sentence has already been carried out.Q: What can we learn about DNA testing from the dialog?Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: Stem Cell ResearchScriptGregory: The Republican party in America is opposing stem cell research.I find ithard to believe that in this day and age, someone would do that. Lillian: Stem cell research sounds pretty impressi ve, I’ll admit. But just what is it?Gregory: Well, a stem cell is a special type of cell. It is a general cell that, when itdevides, can become any specific type of cell.Lillian: You mean, a stem cell can become a heart cell? Or a brain or a kidney cell?Gregory: That’s about it. Stem cells are a part of the body’smaintenance and repairsystem. When they divide, they can become any cell type. Lillian: I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages in that sort ofresearch.Gregory: You’ve said a mouthful. Recently, scientists were able to help a man wholost a jawbone for cancer. They recreated bone material for hisjaw from stem cells. What it means is that since the new bone wascreated out of the person’s own cells, there was no problemwith rejection because the DNA was the same.Lillian: I bet the person was delighted. Why would anyone oppose that sort of research? It would seem to have endless potential tobenefit the human race.Gregory: I agree, but there are people who think we should not interfere with nature and manipulate “what is natural”.Lillian: It’s easier to hold such a narrow view if you’re not in a position to need the benefits of the research. If you’re missing a jawbonebecause of cancer, you probably support the research.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.Who is against stem cell research?3.What is special about a stem cell?4.When can a stem cell become another cell type?5.According to the passage, why do some people oppose stem cellresearch?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.DTask 2: The Improvement of RiceScriptScientists now know a lot more about a grain that people have eaten for ten thousand years. (S1) Research teams around the world have completed a map of the (S2) genes of rices. The findings appeared last week in the (S3) journal Nature.The aim is to speed up the improvement of rice. The scientists (S4) warn that the kinds of rice plants used now have reached the limit of their (S5) productivity. Yet world rice production must (S6) grow by an estimated 30 percent in the next twenty to meet demand. By 2025, as many as 4.6 billion people will depend on rice for (S7) survival. There is a lot of pressure on breeders to improve the crop, and the rice genome is a valuable tool to do that. (S8) Plant breeders have already used preliminary information from the rice genome to create experimental strains of rice that better resist cold and pests.The researchers also say rice is an excellent choice for genetic mapping and engineering. Rice genes have only about 390 million chemical bases.That maight sound like a lot. But other major food grains have thousands of millions. (S9) The new map could better explain more than just rice. Rice shares a common ancestor with other cereal crops. Because rice is the first cereal crop to be fully analyzed, researchers expect that sufficient knowledge of its genetic information will reveal the heredity of more complex grains, including corn, wheat and barley.(S10) While significant progress has been made in the analysis of the rice genome, the mapping of human genes is also making headway. When scientists can identify and manipulate genes that cause certain diseases, mankind will cure them easily. The human genetic map may help us control a person’s height, weight, appearance and even length of life.Task3: The First Cloned CatScriptIn the age-old battle of cats and dogs, score one for the cats. Researchers at Texas A&M University recently announced that they have successfully cloned a cat name Rainbow—the first pet ever cloned—after several years of unsuccessful efforts to clone a dog name Missy.The ork, financed by a company hoping to provide pet-cloning services to wealthy owners, adds cats to a growing list of successfully cloned animals that includes pigs, sheep, cattle and mice.The success demonstrates cloning is a technology that could betransferred to other animal families as well. The accomplishment may provide new tools for studying diseases such as cats’ AIDS, a valuable research model for AIDS in humans.Research into animal cloning remains an important scientific alternative until the issue of human cloning is settled. And that seems unlikly in the immediate future, for it involves religious and moral principles. There are, for example, groups that insist no one should be allowed to take on the role of God the Creator.To create cloned cat embryos for the experiment, researchers transferred DNA from adult cat cells into egg cells stripped of their own genetic information. Out of 82 attempts with cloned embryos, one attempt resulted in a failed pregnancy, and another yielded a kitten named CC, delivered from a surrogate mother on December 22. The kitten’s name refers to “Carbon Copy” and “Copycat”, the name of the cloning project.Cloning attempts with dogs have proven unsuccessful in part because dogs’reproductive cycles are more complicated.The technique may also work with endangered cats such as the African wildcat, fishing cat and blackfooted cat.Ironically, the increased knowledge of cat reproduction may best be suited for developing cat contraceptives to control the U.S. cat population.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?1.What did researchers at Texas A&M University recently announce?2.Which animals are NOT mentioned in the passage as having beencloned?3.According to the passage, why is human cloning unlikely to happen inthe near future?4.What does the passage say about the pregnancy and birth in catcloning?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.CIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Why are people protesting againstgenetically modified foods?Susan:With so many people suffering from malnutrition around the world,why are people protesting against genetically modified foods?Chris: Some people are protesting about genetically modified foods, but even more people are protesting the fact that processed foods containing these ingredients aren’t labeled.Susan: But why should they be labeled?Chris: Not everyone is sure that genetically modified foods are safe. They want to be certain that biotech foods have the sme composition as organic foods.Susan: But there are more urgent problems in this world. Many people are dying of starvation.Chris: But those who aren’t starving may want genetically modified foods to be labeled so they know what foods they should andd shouldn’t eat.Susan: Y ou know, I heard of a genetically modified fish that grew to be ten times its normal size.Chris: That sure sounds abnormal.Susan: Yeah, it does sound a bit strange , but that fish could feed ten times as many people.Chris: You’re right; genetically modified food might help solve world hunger. But I think we have a right to know what we are eating.MODEL2 Do you think the cloning of humansshould be forbidden by law?ScriptSusan: After the cloning of Dolly the sheep, I think human cloning is next.John: Whoa. I have some reservations about it. There are stll many scientific problemsto solve before human cloning starts.Susan: There’s an easier way. The Clonaid Company says they’vecloned humans.John: Oh, my God! These guys claim aliens from another planet taught them humancloning.Susan: A woman gave them half a million dollars to clone her dead daughter.John: Clearly that woman doesn’t know much about cloning. How risky it is!Susan: I know it’s inefficient. It took 276 tries to produce Dolly. But why is it risky?John: Cloned animals grow abnormally large and age unnaturally fast. Susan: In other words, that woman may not be happy with her cloned daughter.John: Then there are the emotions. No one knows if cloning damages the mind.Susan: Do you think the cloning of humans should be forbidden by law? John: To my mind, the cloning of human organs shouldn’t be prohabited. It may helpsolve medical problems.Susan: I see your point: cloning should be regulated if it’s to benefit humanity.MODEL3 Is it interfering with nature?ScriptNora: Some religious groups are opposed to genetic research. They believe it’s interfering with nature.John: I know. But nature can be pretty hard-nosed too, so we often need to interfere with her—we build dams to control flooding.Nora: There’re many diseases that are a part of nature, and they cause people a great deal of misery: cancer and diabetes, for example. John: A better understanding of the genetic code that controls our body would be a great help in curing many diseases.Nora: The project to map the human genetic code…what’s that called? John: The genome project. As you say, it has tremendous promise to make our lives better—just in the ability to identify and correct genetically-caused diseases like Alzheimer’s.Nora: Some diseases like cancer are also believed to have a genetic switch.John: That’s right, and once researchers identify the switch, perhaps they can turn o ff cancer or Alzheimer’s.Nora: People are also concerned that science will enable us to determine such qualities as intelligence and height.John: You know it’s going to happen—it’s just a matter of when. Nora: Imagine if everyone was a combination of Yao Ming and AlbertEinstein.John: But what if they get it wrong, and you wind up with Yao Ming’s knowledge of nuclear physics and Albert Einstein’s height? Nora: All those religious groups would say that it served you right.Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGJane: Some countries are suffering from crop failure and famine, but why do they refuse genetically modified crops and foods?Bob: And many Europeans insist that processed foods containing GM ingredients belabeled.Jane: Why should they be labeled?Bob: Not everyone is sure that genetically modified foods are safe. They want to certain that biotech foods have the same composition as traditional foods.Jane: But there are more urgent problems in this world. Many people are dying of famine.Bob: But th ose who aren’t hungry may want all genetically modified products to be labeled so they know exactly what they’re eating. Jane: You know, I’ve heard of a GM fish that was ten times larger than anormal fish.Bob: That really sounds abnormal.Jane: Some famine-stricken people are afraid GM crops will overpower and eliminate their native crops.Bob: Sounds alarming.Jane: Yeah, but GM foods can feed many people.Bob: You’re right; they could solve the problem of starvation in the world. But I think we have a right to know what we are eating. GM food should be labeled.V. Let’s TalkScriptCorrespondent: In the U.S. what percentage of people support biotech crops? And do those who support biotech crops also eatbiotech foods? What percentage of food on the markethas genetically modified ingredients?Professor: U.S. consumers have been exposed to a very effective anti-biotechnology propaganda campaign for the last fewyears, but according to polls, over 70% supportbiotechnology. For example, in a recent referendum inOregon, voters rejected a proposal to require speciallabels on all products containing biotech ingredients byan overwhelming 73% to 27%. That’s probably becauseconsumers know that we have an effective administrativesystem. Many may also know that 70-80% of theprocessed food products on supermarket shelves containone or more ingredients from biotech crops. AllAmericans eat biotech foods unless they deliberately seekout products that are labeled otherwise. Evidencesuggests that this is less than 5% of consumers. Correspondent: Chinese scientists have used biotechnology to create a new type of tomato, which contains the vaccine againsthepatitis B. What’s your take on this?Professor: It’s a great example of how this technology can be use d to save lives, ease pain and suffering and improve thehuman condition. How can anyone be opposed to that?My only hope is that the clinical trials of this new tomatogo well, and that it is quickly delivered to health-careproviders who will use it to vaccinate people againsthepatitis. By the way, please note that I do think that suchnew pharmaceutical foods need to be handled asmedicines by professionals and not as conventional foods.You will never see these tomatoes in the supermarket. In asense, the tomato plant is just being used to manufacturea vaccine in a very safe and economical manner.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Confident enough to control your fate? ScriptSome people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. New research shows that part of those feelings are in the genes.Psychologists have long known that people confident in their ability to control their fates are more likely to adjust well to growing old than those who feel they drift on the currents of fate.Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report that such confidence, or lack of it, is partly genetic and partly drawn from experience.They also found that the belief in blind luck—a conviction that chance plays a big role in life—is something learned in life and has nothing to do with heredity.The research was conducted by Nancy Pedersen, a professor of psychology at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. The results were recently published in the United States in the Journal ofGerontology.People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an “internal locus of control”, and have a better chance of being well adjusted in their old age, said Pedersen. An “external locus of control”,believing that outside fo rces determine the course of life, has been linked to depression in latter years, she said.“We are trying to understand what makes people different. What makes some people age slowly and others have a more difficult time?” she said.The study showed that while people have an inborn tendency toward independence and self-confidence, about 70 percent of this personality trait is affected by a person’s environment and lifetime experiences. Pedersen’s studies, with various collaborators, investigate the aging process by comparing sets of twins, most of whom were separated at an early age.The subjects were drawn from a list first compiled about 30 years ago, registering all twins born in Sweden since 1886. The complete list, which was extended in 1971, has 95,000 sets of twins.1.Which of the following is concerned with blind luck?2.Which of the following is related to an external locus of control?3.According to the passage, what is true of one’s inborn tendencytowards self-confidence?4.What subjects were mostly us ed in Pedersen’s studies?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.DTask 2: Is it moral to clone humans?ScriptLaura: Did you hear about that peculiar cult that claimed to have created the world’s first human clone?Ian: Yeah, I did! They also said that it was aliens that created life on earth over 25,000 years ago. What are they on?Laura: I know! It was so obviously just part of an elaborate hoax to bring publicity to their crazy movement. But I don’t think the truth can be far off. Scientists have been working on it for years.Ian: Sure, but most scientists are working on cloning human cells or body parts that can be used to repair or replace damaged organs.Not complete human beings! That’s just science fiction! Laura: Well, the science may seem to be very advanced, but the idea is not a new one. In A Journey to the West, Sun Wu-kung, the Monkey King, can clone himself from the hairs on his head. He just plucks a few hairs, chews them a bit, and when he spits them out, they change into replicas of him!Ian: Really? Now that would be cool! You could send your clone toschool while you went to the cinema, and then it could do your homework! Wow! Now that I think of it, it would be kind of fun to have a clone!Laura: You woul d say that! Don’t you think it’s slightly immoral? I mean, it’s just like having a slave. Doesn’t the clone deserve a life of his own?Ian: Sure, but human beings must learn to strike a balance between the welfare of a patient and of a clone.Keys: 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.TTask3: A Drunkard’s ArgumentScriptHere’s drunkard’s argument in favor of heavy drinking.We would learn more about human bihavior if we paid closer attention to the laws at work in the animal kingdom.“Only the fittest survive” is a law that is apparent everywhere in the natural world. Human beings could certainly benefit from a close study of how this law operates among, for example, the wild buffalo.A herd of buffalo moves only as fast as the slowest buffalo. When the herd is hunted, it is the slowest and weakest animals at the back that are killed first. This is natural selection, and it is good for the herd. The general speed and health of the group keeps improving with regularkilling of the weaker memebers.The same process of survival of the fittest is to be observed by looking closely at the human brain, which can operate only as fast as the slowest brain cells. Excessive consumption of alcohol, as we all know, kills brain cells. Just like the less vigorous buffalo at the back of the herd, the weakest and slowest brain cells are destroyed first.In this way the principles of natural selection become evident. Regular consumption of large amounts of beer eliminates the weaker brain cells, making the brain a faster and more efficient machine. It is therefore not suprising that one also feels smarter after drinking several glasses of beer.News ReportBioinformaticsScriptIt’s a complex name for a complex subject. Bioinformatics is the key to figuring out the wealth of information in the human genome project. Researchers have nearly mapped out all of the 30,000 genes that make up human DNA, but making sense of useful data is not easy.The company Double Twist is a pioneer in the business of bioinformatics.［SOUND BITE］Double Twist works mainly with information that is also available to the public,sifting through data to find what may help link a biological problem like cancer, to its possible cure.［SOUND BITE］The company then sells software and data to pharmaceutical companies, biotech companies, and academic institutions, which use them in their work. This provides a solution to help people better understand data from the human genome project.［SOUND BITE］Bioinformatics speeds up drug development and provides more accurate research.［SOUND BITE］Human Genome Sciences takes the process one step further. It uses bioinformatics to develop drugs using its own genomic information.［SOUND BITE］Right now, Human Genome Sciences has four new drugs being tested that are the results of genomic research. Bioinformatics systems developed within the company played an important role in discovering these drugs.［SOUND BITE］Bioinformatics can also bring much quicker returns for investors.［SOUND BITE］-------------精选文档-----------------Even though its role is crucial, bioinformatics if only a small part of the overall$305 billion biotech sector, accounting for only about $2.23 billion.But some investors believe that bioinformatics has great potential.［SOUND BITE］So unless drug companies start developing their own bioinformatics systems or partner with companies that can provide them, they may get left behind in the race to discover new drugs.可编辑。

Unit 8Part I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. He does not want to eat GM food.B. He wants GM food labeled.C. He does not care if GM food is labeled.D. He agrees with the woman.2. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man is against organ cloning.B. The woman is against organ cloning.C. The man is a scientist devoted to organ cloning.D. The woman will let her organ clones once it fails.3. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She wants the man to go to the meeting.B. She wants the man to pick up the children.C. She wants to clone the man.D. She does not want a clone of the man.4. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The two speakers have a lot of common interests.B. The two speakers have both chosen Mr. Green's elective course.C. The woman has a lot of knowledge on genetics.D. The man is beginning to like genetics.5. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Both the man and the woman are against GM food.B. Both the man and the woman are for the GM food.C. The woman is probably a consumer of GM foods.D. The man is probably a consumer of GM foods.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the passage three times. When the passage is read for the firsttime, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from (1) to (7) with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from (8) to (10), write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read the third time, check your answers.There are many ways in which human stem cells can be used in basic research and in clinical research.Studies of human stem cells mayinformation about the complex eventsthat occur during human development. A primary goal of this work is tohow stem cells become divided or differentiated (分化). Scientists know that turninggenes on and off isto this process. Some of the most serious medicalconditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due tocell divisionand differentiation. A better understanding of the genetic and molecular controls ofthese processes may yield information aboutsuch diseases arise andsuggest new strategies for therapy. A significant barrierthis use and mostuses of stem cells is that scientists do not yet fully understand thethatturn specific genes on and off to influence the differentiation of the stem cell.that could be used for cell-based therapies. Today, donated organs and tissues are often used to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, but the need for transplantable tissuesand organs far outweighs the available supply.to treat diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease and diabetes.For example,(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)Part III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. What is the Iceland company doing?A. Creating a detailed map of the genes of the Icelandic people.B. Creating a detailed map of all human genes.C. Creating a map as detailed as those by some other projects.D. Creating a map less detailed than that by the American company.2. Why do the people of Iceland present a special opportunity to study the humangenome?A. Iceland has a small population.B. Most of the Icelanders have a small group of ancestors.C. Plenty of records of their ancestors are available.D. All of the above.3. Why is the Iceland genome project superior to the American genome project?A. Because it observes 200 million people.B. Because it observes 14 large families.C. Because it observes more families than any other project.D. Because it observes more families than many other projects.4. Why can the study of genes help to identify the causes of diseases?A. Small genetic differences may be related to some diseases.B. Large genetic differences may be related to some diseases.C. The genetic similarity may throw light on some diseases.D. Similar genes will cause similar diseases.5. What is the passage mainly concerned about?A. Finding out the history of Irish families.B. Finding out the special genes of Irish people to cure their diseases.C. Creating a detailed human genetic map to identify disease-causinggenes.D. Creating a detailed human genetic map to identify abnormally smallgenes.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1. With the advent of the genetic map we know what everything is, but do weknow where to ___________?A. go for itB. go with itC. get for itD. get with it2. As you know, it has taken millions of years of evolution and natural selectionto get us _________ we are today.A. howB. whoC. whatD. where3. It's too late to _______ the clock. We'll just have to depend on common sense to solve uncommon problems.A. returnB. turn aroundC. turn backD. turn round4. Many prisoners have been freed through DNA testing, except for the ones whose death sentence has already been __________.A. carried outB. carried onC. carried forwardD. carried away5.—I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages in that sort of research.—You've said _________.A. a mouthB. the mouthC. a mouthfulD. the mouthful6. Plant breeders have already used preliminary information from the rice genome to create experimental strains of rice that better ______ cold and pests.A. resistB. resist toC. resist withD. resist against7. When scientists can identify and manipulate genes that cause certain diseases, ______ will cure them easily.A. the mankindB. mankindC. the manD. human race8. All Americans eat biotech foods unless they deliberately seek out products thatare labeled ___________.A. othersB. otherwiseC. through other waysD. in other methods9. Human beings must learn to _______ a balance between the welfare of a patientand that of a clone.A. strikeB. hitC. beatD. access10. Do you think it's wrong to _______ with nature by biotechnology?A. interactB. interconnectC. interfaceD. interfere。

Unit 8Part I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. He does not want to eat GM food.B. He wants GM food labeled.C. He does not care if GM food is labeled.D. He agrees with the woman.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man is against organ cloning.B. The woman is against organ cloning.C. The man is a scientist devoted to organ cloning.D. The woman will let her organ clones once it fails.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She wants the man to go to the meeting.B. She wants the man to pick up the children.C. She wants to clone the man.D. She does not want a clone of the man.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The two speakers have a lot of common interests.B. The two speakers have both chosen Mr. Green's elective course.C. The woman has a lot of knowledge on genetics.D. The man is beginning to like genetics.5. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Both the man and the woman are against GM food.B. Both the man and the woman are for the GM food.C. The woman is probably a consumer of GM foods.D. The man is probably a consumer of GM foods.Part IIScriptDirections: Listen to the passage three times. When the passage is read forthe first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from (1) to (7) with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from (8) to (10), write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read the third time, check your answers.There are many ways in which human stem cells can be used in basic research and in clinical research.Studies of human stem cells may (1)yieldinformation about the complex eventsthat occur during human development. A primary goal of this work is to (2)identifyhow stem cells become divided or differentiated (分化). Scientists know that turning genes on and off is (3)centralto this process. Some of the most seriousmedical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to (4)abnormalcelldivision and differentiation. A better understanding of the genetic and molecular controls of these processes may yield information about (5)howsuch diseasesarise and suggest new strategies for therapy. A significant barrier (6)to this use and most uses of stem cells is that scientists do not yet fully understand the (7)signals that turn specific genes on and off to influence the differentiation of the stem cell.(8)The most important potential application of human stem cells is perhaps the generation of cellsthat could be used for cell-based therapies. Today, donated organs and tissues are often used to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, but the need for transplantable tissues and organs far outweighs the available supply.(9)to treat diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease and diabetes.For example,(10).Your answer Correct answer(1) yield yield(2) identify identify(3) central central(4) abnormal abnormal(5) how how(6) to to(7) signals signals(8) The most important potentialapplication of human stem cells isperhaps the generation of cells andtissuesThe most important potential application of human stem cells is perhaps the generation of cells andtissues(9) Stem cells, directed to differentiateinto specific cell types, will offer asource of replacement cells and tissues (10) it may become possible to generatehealthy heart muscle cells in thelaboratory and then transplant thosecells into patients with chronic heartdiseasePart III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.What is the Iceland company doing?A. Creating a detailed map of the genes of the Icelandic people.B. Creating a detailed map of all human genes.C. Creating a map as detailed as those by some other projects.D. Creating a map less detailed than that by the American company.2.Why do the people of Iceland present a special opportunity to study thehuman genome?A. Iceland has a small population.B. Most of the Icelanders have a small group of ancestors.C. Plenty of records of their ancestors are available.D. All of the above.3.Why is the Iceland genome project superior to the American genome project?A. Because it observes 200 million people.B. Because it observes 14 large families.C. Because it observes more families than any other project.D. Because it observes more families than many other projects.4.Why can the study of genes help to identify the causes of diseases?A. Small genetic differences may be related to some diseases.B. Large genetic differences may be related to some diseases.C. The genetic similarity may throw light on some diseases.D. Similar genes will cause similar diseases.5.What is the passage mainly concerned about?A. Finding out the history of Irish families.B. Finding out the special genes of Irish people to cure their diseases.C. Creating a detailed human genetic map to identify disease-causinggenes.D. Creating a detailed human genetic map to identify abnormally smallgenes.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements. 1.With the advent of the genetic map we know what everything is, but do weknow where to ___________?A. go for itB. go with itC. get for itD. get with it2.As you know, it has taken millions of years of evolution and naturalselection to get us _________ we are today.A. howB. whoC. whatD. where3.It's too late to _______ the clock. We'll just have to depend on commonsense to solve uncommon problems.A. returnB. turn aroundC. turn backD. turn round4.Many prisoners have been freed through DNA testing, except for the oneswhose death sentence has already been __________.A. carried outB. carried onC. carried forwardD. carried away5.—I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages in that sortof research.—You've said _________.A. a mouthB. the mouthC. a mouthfulD. the mouthful6.Plant breeders have already used preliminary information from the ricegenome to create experimental strains of rice that better ______ cold and pests.A. resistB. resist toC. resist withD. resist against7.When scientists can identify and manipulate genes that cause certaindiseases, ______ will cure them easily.A. the mankindB. mankindC. the manD. human race8.All Americans eat biotech foods unless they deliberately seek out productsthat are labeled ___________.A. othersB. otherwiseC. through other waysD. in other methods9.Human beings must learn to _______ a balance between the welfare of apatient and that of a clone.A. strikeB. hitC. beatD. access10.Do you think it's wrong to _______ with nature by biotechnology?A. interactB. interconnectC. interfaceD. interfere。

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1.A) The boy didn't break the cup.B) The boy didn't tell her about the cup.C) The boy was probably lying.D) The boy didn't know how to trust people.答案：C2.A) He doesn't like the game.B) He knows nothing about the game.C) He doesn't know whether the game is good.D) He has played it for some time.答案：CQuestions 3 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3.A) write an emailB) make a phone callC) use James's laptopD) borrow a book答案：C4.A) he has got a new jobB) he has lost his jobC) he will go to collegeD) he lives with Bob答案：A5.A) lie for JamesB) write a letter for JamesC) talk to James's parentsD) keep James's secret答案：DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.6.A) Earning one's income by fair methods.B) Living among honest people.C) Telling the truth all the time in one's life.D) Being honest with anyone in one's life.答案：A7.A) fairnessB) virtuesC) moralsD) wisdom答案：D8.A) not to fail the examination in mathB) not to fail the examination in honestyC) to fail the examination in mathD) to fail the examination in honesty答案：B9.A) farmersB) pigsC) Jesus ChristD) saints答案：B10.A) the people showed no interest in his interesting storyB) the people didn't agree with what he said about Jesus ChristC) the people were wide awake when he was telling a lieD) the people didn't believe him when he was telling the truth 答案：CPassage TwoQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) 1525 ADB) 1548 ADC) 1582 ADD) 1593 AD答案：C12.A) 12 amB) 4 pmC) 9 pmD) 12 pm答案：A13.A) calling them "noodles"B) sending surprise giftsC) putting coin in their foodsD) taping a paper fish to their friends' backs 答案：D14.A) "You're a fool!"B) "April Fool!"C) "Got you!"D) "Ta-dah!"答案：B15.A) apple housesB) paper flowersC) city volcanoesD) pizza trees答案：DSection ADirections:True or False. Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).16. Sun-hee and Tara are watching TV.Sun-hee and Tara are watching TV.A) TB) F答案：B17. In 1996 Belinda Soszyn ran up 1,576 steps in 20 minutes and 19 seconds.In 1996 Belinda Soszyn ran up 1,576 steps in 20 minutes and 19 seconds.A) TB) F答案：B18. Sun-hee could balance on one foot for 76 hours and 40 minutes.Sun-hee could balance on one foot for 76 hours and 40 minutes.A) TB) F答案：B该题共9人答题，答对9人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%19. Garry Kasparov became the world's chess champion at age 20.Garry Kasparov became the world's chess champion at age 20.A) TB) F答案：B20. Claudia is good at doing magic.Claudia is good at doing magic.A) TB) F答案：BSection BDirections: Fill in the blanks. Watch the video clip a and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.Tara: Like ... I could 21) at age three.Claudia: I could, too ... and in 22) .Claudia: And what can you do now?Tara: I can 23) for ninety seconds, see?Claudia: That's 24) . I can tap dance — and 25) ! Look!Sun-hee: I can 26) and rub my stomach and hum, all 27) .Tara: 28) ! I've got one. I can do magic! See this quarter? Watch! Sun-hee: Wow! It 29) ! That's cool! You're 30) , Tara.答案：21) read and write22) two languages23) hold my breath24) nothing25) really well26) pat my head27) at the same time28) Hold it29) disappeared30) pretty talented。

新视野⼤学英语第四册第⼋单元答案Unit 8 Book 4Listen and RespondP230Task One1. According to the writer, literature is defined as “the imaginative shaping oflife and thought into the forms and structures of language.2. We should try to explore complex situations and characters from the inside.We should also try to talk and write about personal and other familiar experiences that are related to what’s been read. We should raise questions about the imaginary world and its people, discover new connections between the imaginary world and the real world, and discuss what human experience is actually like.3. We should learn to assess the quality of a work based on establishedstandards, evaluate the writer’s intentions and the viewpoint presented in a text and construct a personal response with appropriate support and justification.Task Two1. appreciation2. explore3. respond4. achieve5. familiar6. approaching7. connections8. experience9. assess10. evaluateEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionP2471. (1) reflections (2) hastened (3) solitary(4) mystery (5) fancy (6) expenses(7) slender (8) purchase (9) admission(10) subtle (11) betrayed (12) significance(13) possession (14) procession (15) hints(16) conceal2. (1) put off (2) was down to her last (3) at length(4) all the way (5) counted for (6) under his breath(7) ran riot (8) spent itself (9) beat back(10) drinking in (11) out of work (!2) on a full scholarship(13) There is no wayIncreasing Your Word PowerP2491. 1) Her voice became sharpened as she became impatient.2) China is deepening her reform and opening to the outside world.3) The burglar was frightened off by the dog’s barking.4) This course can broaden student s’ horizon.5) The days begin to shorten after the end of June.6) Life in the mountains hardened all the young people there.7) He told her the bad news very gently, trying to solften the blow.8) The doctor said that sunshine and rest would hasten his recovery from illness.9) Nothing can weaken our willpower.10) Passengers on the plane are asked to fasten their seat belts before it takes off.1) marriage2) growth3) storage4) depth5) truth6) youth7) passage8) length9) shortage10) breakage3. 1) kidney donor2) alarm clock3) heartbeat4) mother tongue5) space shuttle6) Science fiction7) trademark8) Family planning9) self-discipline10) traffic jamClozeP2541) disaster 2) assured 3) hastened4) gently 5) afflicted 6) tender7) paralyzed 8) abandonment 9) subtle10) possess 11) perception 12) processsion13) impose 14) travel-stainedTranslationP2541.1) Fearing that she couldn’t stand the blow, the police broke to the old woman the news of her son’s death in the aircrash as gently as possilbe.2) Investigation revealed that the traffic accident was caused by the driver’s driving against the traffic regulations3) He is as mean as Shylock. When it comes to money, all the promises he’s made to his friends count for nothing.4) Since last year, the company has been unable to sell its products, but it was the recent unsuccessful foreign trade deal that hastened its bankcruptcy.5) He booked his ticket half a month in advance to assure himself of going back home on time to spend the Spring Festival with his family.6) At first, she had some worries about telling the truth. However, at length, she spoke out the secret that she had kept in her heart for several years.7) Helen tried to control her mood, but her trembling hands betrayed her nervousness.8) Annie as awarded a scholarship at school. When she told her parents the good news, she could not conceal her eagerness for praise from them though she claimed that is was nothing special at all.9) The leader of the rescue team told me under his breath that he had little hope of finding more survivors from the mine accident.10) In the early days of World War II, the German submarines ran riot in the Atlantic Ocean. However, when radar was invented in Britain, the Germans began to suffer heavy losses.2.Honesty is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and it is the basic moral principle for every citizen.Without honesty, a country would lose its status in the world; a family would lose its harmony; and a citizen would lose his or her personal dignity. No wonder it is said that honesty is more precious than gold. It is a tie for people to maintain relationships of mutual trust, the cornerstone for the development and progress of human society.Honesty is the exterior expression of a citizen’s moral character, the crystallization of a variety of spiritual elements such as ethics, morality, ideology, culture, etc. To be honest and to keep one’s word, one must have a noble moral character. Toperfect one’s morality and behavior, one must be honest and dependable, and always keep one’s promise. Only when honesty is cherished as every citizen’s basic moral principle can the harmony of families and the prosperity of the country be guaranteed.Theme-Related WritingP256Sample Essay:My Understanding of Honesty and Success Different people have different opinion about the relationship between honesty and success.Some people believe that honesty and success are mutually exclusive. They regard honesty as a wasteful and costly investment that will only hinder success and prevent people from quick wins. Money-making tricks such as low-quality and fake products, or practices like plagiarism and bribery are seen as short-cuts to immediate success.However, many people hold that honesty and success are mutually supportive. They believe that honesty is the only means to an end. Being honest will definitely earn a person not only a good reputation, but also more opportunities to develop his or her career and ability. Honesty also helps cultivate an upright and healthy personality and brings people true pride and deep joy.I agree with the latter viewpoint. Honesty is a virtue that every one of us should value. It can bring out the best in a person and will give him or her the best reward. Those who are honest may suffer temporary losses sometimes, but they will benefit in the long run. In short, only by being honest consistently and persistently can we gain true and lasting success.。

Unit 8Inside viewConversation 12. the true statements are :1 and 53. 1. Because Cathy is very busy2.She says she’ll do her best but can’t make any promises3.I’m Joe Varese , we spoke on the phone4.London architecture as well as the exhibition5.He wants to check the sound level6.The london Skyline, past, present and futureConversation 25. the topics that are mentioned are : 1,2,4,5,7 and 86. 1(c) 2(c) 3(b) 4(d) 5(a) 6(a)7. 1.one of the most recognizable2.to everyone’s astonishment3.Yes,absolutely4.That’s absolutely right5.I’m not convinced you’re right6.As you might expect7.ExactlyEveryday English8. 1(a) 2(a) 3(b) 4(a)Outside viewWatching and understanding2. size,architecture,train system,sculpture,airport,lake shoreline,music,sports teams3. 1(a) 2(b) 3(a) 4(c) 5(a) 6(d)4. 1. the third largest2.18713.curtains of glass4.15 years5.70 seconds6.840 flights7.29 miles of8.a wonderful sports historyListening inListening and understandingPassage 12. terminal 3: the newest terminal of Beijing AirportMarch 2008: date it became operationalNorman Foster: a famous British architectThree Kilometres: extent of the terminalThree and a half years: time it took to build the new terminalRed and gold :traditional Chinese colours usedSaving energy : reason for the roof design19000 pieces of luggage : number per hour the baggage system can handle3. the true statements are: 2,4,5 and 64. 1.became operational in March 20082.glass and steel3.light and heat /19,000 pieces ofte Dcember 20075.French architect6.the amount of sunlight7.glass curtain8.the gardens and treesPassage 26. 1(e) 2(a) 3(d) 4(b) 5(c) 1-3-4-2-5Listening and understanding7. 1.He is one of Spain’s great architect2.Bones3.The Dancing House4.Two5.Thirty-three years6.It is the tallest hotel in the world and it looks like a sail7.19978.Stucco。

新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit8答案<DIV&NBSP;&NBSP;CLASS=MSONORMAL align="left">Unit 8Section AComprehension o f the textI.1. They hid behind their curtains and peered at the travelers cautiousl y.2. It means that the small town was a stage where the different travel ers who passed by were actorsrevealing themselves to the audience-the villagers.3. Probably there were different ways of greetings between them, so t here might be somemisunderstandings or inappropriate responses.4. Because she wanted to sing and dance so much that she thought t he money was given as adiscouragement rather than an encouragement.5. When she left her hometown of Eatonville for Jacksonville at thirte en, she experienced a hugechange and she was aware that she was black.6. It means that she was not emotionally disturbed by the fact that she was a descendent of slaves. Shefelt good about herself.7. The writer compared herself to a brown bag of mixed items propp ed up against a wall with otherbags.8. As is described, the contents revealed are nothing but common obj ects. It suggests that for ordinarypeople, no matter whether they are white or black, they share something in common.VocabularyIII.1. cautiously2. bribing3. disapprove(d)4. tendency5. permanent6. depression7. fragrance8. guarantee9. exclusively 10. generously IV. .1. peering at2. be broken off3. disapproved of4. prop up5. In the main6. in company with7. in that8. pay the price9. belong to 10. more or lessV1. L2.O3. H4. D5.16. E7. N8. K9. G 10. BCollocation<br />VI.1 ．plans 2. lifestyle 3. fact 4. policies 5. rules6. concentration7. world8. voice9. inheritance 10. contentWord BuildingVII.1. devalued2. demobilized3. deregulated4. decentralized5. destabilizing6. depersonalized7. de-emphasize8. decodedVIII.1. retirees2. interviewees3. trainee4. employees5. escapees6. addressee7. devotee8. divorceesentence structureIX1. I know she isn't really interested in window-shopping, but she does n't mind waiting while I have alook.2. If people don't mind my not having a degree, I could give a few music lessons!3. People don't mind paying a lot more for good software because the y can see the benefits of using it.4.1 don't mind if people perceive me as arrogant. You need certain d egree of it to succeed.5. We don't mind if it takes time for people to express their hopes, g oals, fears, and needs in theirlives.X.1. No friends came to see her; she shut herself off, in the old familia r world of bedroom and drawingroom.2. No cigarette end could give us any clue to or sign of anyone havi ng ever been there.3. No gas, no water and no electricity in the hospital! How could yo u expect the children to survivethis?4. No other information is given about the book itself, although there is a brief biographical, note aboutthe writer.5. No effort has been made to investigate the "disappearances" that ha ve occurred over the past threeyears.TranslationXI.1. 1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.2. 1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practica l than his.3. They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal yearand went bankrupt.4. Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birt hday party in the first place?5. Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in thegame.6. Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who kn ows?XII.1.我不在乎他们否定我的计划，但在内心深处我仍渴望得到他们的支持。

新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit8答案Unit 8Section AComprehension o f the textI.1. They hid behind their curtains and peered at the travelerscautiously.2. It means that the small town was a stage where the differenttravelers who passed by were actorsrevealing themselves to the audience-the villagers.3. Probably there were different ways of greetings between them, sothere might be somemisunderstandings or inappropriate responses.4. Because she wanted to sing and dance so much that she thought themoney was given as adiscouragement rather than an encouragement.5. When she left her hometown of Eatonville for Jacksonville atthirteen, she experienced a hugechange and she was aware that she was black.6. It means that she was not emotionally disturbed by the fact thatshe was a descendent of slaves. Shefelt good about herself.7. The writer compared herself to a brown bag of mixed items proppedup against a wall with otherbags.8. As is described, the contents revealed are nothing but commonobjects. It suggests that for ordinarypeople, no matter whether they are white or black, they share something in common.V ocabularyIII.1. cautiously2. bribing3. disapprove(d)4. tendency5. permanent6. depression7. fragrance8. guarantee9. exclusively 10. generously IV. .1. peering at2. be broken off3. disapproved of4. prop up5. In themain6. in company with7. in that8. pay the price9. belong to 10. moreor lessV1. L2.O3. H4. D5.16. E7. N8. K9. G 10. BCollocationVI.1 ．plans 2. lifestyle 3. fact 4. policies 5. rules6. concentration7. world8. voice9. inheritance 10. contentWord BuildingVII.1. devalued2. demobilized3. deregulated4. decentralized5. destabilizing6. depersonalized7. de-emphasize8. decodedVIII.1. retirees2. interviewees3. trainee4. employees5. escapees6. addressee7. devotee8. divorceesentence structureIX1. I know she isn't really interested in window-shopping, but shedoesn't mind waiting while I have alook.2. If people don't mind my not having a degree, I could give a fewmusic lessons!3. People don't mind paying a lot more for good software because theycan see the benefits of using it.4.1 don't mind if people perceive me as arrogant. You need certain degree of it to succeed.5. We don't mind if it takes time for people to express their hopes,goals, fears, and needs in theirlives.X.1. No friends came to see her; she shut herself off, in the oldfamiliar world of bedroom and drawingroom.2. No cigarette end could give us any clue to or sign of anyone havingever been there.3. No gas, no water and no electricity in the hospital! How could youexpect the children to survivethis?4. No other information is given about the book itself, although thereis a brief biographical, note aboutthe writer.5. No effort has been made to investigate the "disappearances" thathave occurred over the past threeyears.TranslationXI.1. 1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.2. 1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is morepractical than his.3. They broke off business relations with that company as it sufferedhuge losses in the last fiscal yearand went bankrupt.4. Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to yourbirthday party in the first place?5. Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or lessdepressed when we lost in thegame.6. Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-whoknows?XII.1.我不在乎他们否定我的计划，但在内心深处我仍渴望得到他们的支持。

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1.A) The boy didn't break the cup.B) The boy didn't tell her about the cup.C) The boy was probably lying.D) The boy didn't know how to trust people. 答案：C2.A) He doesn't like the game.B) He knows nothing about the game.C) He doesn't know whether the game is good.D) He has played it for some time. 答案：CQuestions 3 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3.A) write an emailB) make a phone callC) use James's laptopD) borrow a book答案：C4.A) he has got a new jobB) he has lost his jobC) he will go to collegeD) he lives with Bob 答案：A5.A) lie for JamesB) write a letter for JamesC) talk to James's parentsD) keep James's secret答案：DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.6.A) Earning one's income by fair methods.B) Living among honest people.C) Telling the truth all the time in one's life.D) Being honest with anyone in one's life.答案：A7.A) fairnessB) virtuesC) moralsD) wisdom 答案：D8.A) not to fail the examination in mathB) not to fail the examination in honestyC) to fail the examination in mathD) to fail the examination in honesty 答案：B9.A) farmersB) pigsC) Jesus ChristD) saints答案：B10.A) the people showed no interest in his interesting storyB) the people didn't agree with what he said about Jesus ChristC) the people were wide awake when he was telling a lieD) the people didn't believe him when he was telling the truth答案：CPassage TwoQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) 1525 ADB) 1548 ADC) 1582 ADD) 1593 AD 答案：C12.A) 12 amB) 4 pmC) 9 pmD) 12 pm答案：A13.A) calling them "noodles"B) sending surprise giftsC) putting coin in their foodsD) taping a paper fish to their friends' backs 答案：D14.A) "You're a fool!"B) "April Fool!"C) "Got you!"D) "Ta-dah!"答案：B15.A) apple housesB) paper flowersC) city volcanoesD) pizza trees答案：DSection ADirections: True or False. Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).16. Sun-hee and Tara are watching TV.Sun-hee and Tara are watching TV.A) TB) F答案：B17. In 1996 Belinda Soszyn ran up 1,576 steps in 20 minutes and 19 seconds.In 1996 Belinda Soszyn ran up 1,576 steps in 20 minutes and 19 seconds.A) TB) F答案：B18. Sun-hee could balance on one foot for 76 hours and 40 minutes.Sun-hee could balance on one foot for 76 hours and 40 minutes.A) TB) F答案：B该题共9人答题，答对9人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%19. Garry Kasparov became the world's chess champion at age 20.Garry Kasparov became the world's chess champion at age 20.A) TB) F答案：B20. Claudia is good at doing magic.Claudia is good at doing magic.A) TB) F答案：BSection BDirections: Fill in the blanks. Watch the video clip a and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.Tara: Like ... I could 21) at age three.Claudia: I could, too ... and in 22) . Claudia: And what can you do now?Tara: I can 23) for ninety seconds, see?Claudia: That's 24) . I can tap dance — and 25)! Look!Sun-hee: I can 26) and rub my stomach and hum, all 27).Tara: 28) ! I've got one. I can do magic! See this quarter? Watch!Sun-hee: Wow! It 29) ! That's cool! You're 30), Tara.答案：21) read and write22) two languages23) hold my breath24) nothing25) really well26) pat my head27) at the same time28) Hold it29) disappeared30) pretty talented。