上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题一、单项选择1．No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A．which B．that C．who D．as2．______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A．Who do you suggest that should B．Who do you suggestC．Whom do you suggest should D．Do you suggest who should3．I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A．which, as B．which, which C．which, where D．as, in which 4．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because5．It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A．since, made possible B．before, make possibleC．since, made possible that D．before, make it possible6．The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company.A．how it intended to B．that it had intended toC．as it intended to D．what it was intended to7．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A．the moment, that B．the moment, whenC．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which8．The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A．so that, as B．such that, as C．so that, with D．such that, in that9．His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A．who, when B．who, /C．what, /D．what, that10．It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A．but, that B．as, that C．nor, which D．like, which11．______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A．No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B．Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC．Barely he had swept the floors clean thanD．Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when 12．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he providedC．he was at home, be provide D．he was at home, he providing 13．Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff.A．though B．if C．as D．unless14．The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A．explanation B．demonstrations C．illustrations D．presentations 15．The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity, courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A．embraces B．identifies C．examines D．criticizes16．______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A．Overwhelmed B．Disappointed C．Frustrated D．Shocked 17．After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A．concerned with B．committed to C．informed of D．convinced of 18．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not beevident at first glance.A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break down 19．The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A．hang on to B．settle for C．pass up D．sign for20．After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A．reluctant to B．obliged to C．motivated to D．honored to 21．Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______.A．worthwhile to develop B．worth being developedC．worthy to be developed D．worthy of developing二、选词填空Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 22Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 23 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 24 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with cultural meaning and the subject of various 25 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名）attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 26 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars— came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 27 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 28 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 29 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 30 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 31 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be.三、完形填空It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 32 his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 33 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 34 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 35 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 36 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 37 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 38 like luck.The reality of success (at least in terms of 39 ) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 40 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 41 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 42 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use 43 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 44 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 45 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s 46 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.32．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject 33．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes 34．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on 35．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature 36．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence 37．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens38．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor 39．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation 40．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse 41．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly 42．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university 43．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections 44．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back 45．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging 46．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolution四、阅读理解When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News.“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds.He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8).47．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A．mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand48．Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A．A woman bearing a baby.B．A student having trouble with sleep.C．A cleaner working on a day shift.D．A young lady sick of garlic.49．Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A．It is caffeine-free.B．Garlic powder dissolves in water.C．The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish.50．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A．venturous and greedy B．innovative and perseverantC．hardworking and cautious D．observant and helpful51．By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A．make sense to manufacturers B．get stuck in storesC．are compared with each other D．are piled up together52．Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A．Dreampad pillow B．Eight sleep trackerC．Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D．Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System 53．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B．The Nightingale, is an economical but perfect device.C．Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D．One in three people suffer from sleep problem.One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches (雀) resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they'll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers (莺) exploring the woods nearby don't depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This "explore-exploit"trade-off (权衡) has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法) trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn't much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo (原状) When the going gets tough, however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the University of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on "bottom longline" fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O'Farrell explained the procedure thisway: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标) at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly consistent. "The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know," Dr. O'Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they'd sample new places.In the long run, there wasn't a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O'Farrell. But in challenging times, the study's message was clear: "You can try new things in the face of uncertainty."54．The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that _____.A．like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB．some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC．there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD．birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather55．According to the third paragraph, people who mastered "explore-exploit" trade-off _____.A．will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB．are ready to risk in time of difficultyC．will be tough in good times and bad timesD．will grow to be experts in lab studies56．Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico?A．The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B．The "explore-exploit" trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C．The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D．The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.57．Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A．How the Exploiter differs from the ExplorerB．How to Become a Productive FishermanC．What is "Explore-Exploit" Trade-offD．When to take risks mattersThe Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you — which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 58 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components-flavanol, especially.59 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoa flavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo (安慰剂).Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). 60 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate — and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao (also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea) could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 61 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.A．Cacao contains hundreds of bioactive plant compounds, including flavanols, which have been associated with numerous possible health benefits.B．In 2022, Sesso and colleagues found compelling evidence for the benefits of flavanols. C．But the results aren’t conclusive.D．Spurred by chocolate’s popularity, numerous studies have explored bow the natural chemical compounds found in cocoa might be good for human health.E．All chocolates are definitely not created equal.F．But there’s still more research to be done to understand these effects.五、语法填空阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
