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渝教职改…2011‟55号重庆市教育委员会职改办关于开展2011年全市教育系统专业技术资格申报评审工作的通知各区县(自治县)教委（教育局），在渝高等院校，中等职业学校，委直属单位及相关单位：为了顺利开展2011年全市教育系统专业技术资格申报评审工作，根据《重庆市职称改革办公室关于组织开展2011年全市专业技术资格申报评审工作的通知》（渝职改办…2011‟128号）等文件精神以及我市教育系统的实际，现将有关事宜通知如下：一、申报材料报送时间（一）教师系列材料报送。
由我委组织评审的教师、实验技术各级专业技术资格的申报评审材料，请各区县（自治县）教委（教育局）、市属各高等院校、中等职业学校、委直属单位以及其他委托评审单位按照有关要求务必于9月30日前报送我委职改办，逾期不再受理。
（二）非教师系列材料报送。
市教委管理的市属高等院校和直属单位，应根据本单位实际情况和相关评委会关于申报材料、时间和评审条件等要求，及时报送教师（实验技术）以外其它系列各级专业技术资格的有关申报评审材料，经我委职改办初审同意并出具委托评审函后再报送相关评委会。
2011年全市高级专业技术职务评审委员会评审工作日程安排见附件1。
二、申报程序及材料报送要求申报由我委组织评审的教师和实验技术各级专业技术资格的，严格按照《重庆市高中级专业技术资格申报评审工作规范》和《关于加强我市专业技术人员职称申报评审诚信体系建设的通知》等要求开展申报和评审工作：（一）本人申报。
符合现行教师(实验技术)系列申报条件的人员按《重庆市教师系列高、中级专业技术资格申报材料要求》（附件2）准备申报材料，填写《重庆市教师系列专业技术资格申报材料清单》（附件3）、《专业技术资格申报评审表》（教育系统申报评审表及公示表的填写要求和样表另行发文），按人事管理权限向所在单位提交申报材料。
其中，非公高校及其他聘用制教师（与原单位无任何人事关系）的档案挂靠在市人才中心的通过市人才中心申报。
xx年职称英语真题及答案(综合类A级)xx年职称英语真题及答案(综合类A级)试卷是一些纸张或电子版，在纸张或电子版上印有组织者为检测承受考试者学习情况而设定的`、并规定在一定时间内需完成的一些题目。
也可以是资格考试中用以检验考生能力进展筛选人才的工具。
下面是精心为大家的考试真题及答案，希望对大家有帮助，更多内容请关注!1.【题干】Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever2.【题干】The latest car model embodies the new research development.A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens3.【题干】The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremeA.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry4.【题干】She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer5.【题干】He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A.oldB.bigC.newD.small6.【题干】The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing.A.uncontrollableB.pleasantC.cloudyD.unbearable7.【题干】Competitors must abide by the judge's decisionA.keepB.readC.understandD.obey8.【题干】The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.A.seriouslyB.cleverlyC.attentivelyD.carefully9.【题干】Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.A.especiallyB.whollyC.totallyD.fairly10.【题干】His answers were obscure and confusing.A.unclearB.obviousC.clearD.direct11.【题干】The way she looked after her young sister was really touching【选项】A.disturbingB.connectingC.movingD.waving12.【题干】We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A.stableB.suitableC.changeableD.adaptable13.【题干】They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB.changeC.visitD.water14.【题干】The details of the costume were totally authentic.A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false15.【题干】The new garment fits her perfectly.A.clothesB.haircutC.purseD.necklaceIne tax【个人所得税】For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to register one's annual earnings with the US government.That last item is the law, though sometimes it's a hassle(难事)to obey.Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US ine tax system "amazingly plicated". But he adds that "very little of the plicated tax law applies to young people who are just beginning their careers". Aording to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the system's plications.Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use ine tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilbert's. Aording to ine tax law expert Linda Beale, young peoplewill often follow their parents' lead when filling their ine forms."Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so," said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State."On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick'refund' with the help of a tax advisor".In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference.Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.Thalman called the whole process a "hassle", but added that he didn't wat to test the law by not filling his ine tax papers."I'm worried about what would happen if I failed to file," he said. "I know one individual who did not report his ine tax for many years, and he's now in federal prison.I certainly don’t want that."16.【题干】A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an ine tax form.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.【题干】The US ine tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.【题干】It's pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her ine tax.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.【题干】When young people file their ine tax form, they will often follow in their parents' footsteps.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.【题干】Young people from poorer families needn't file their ine tax forms.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.【题干】If one has failed to report his or her ine tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.【题干】The US ine tax system will be simplified in the next few years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedTunguska Event1 A hundred years ago this week, a giganticexplosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving ascientific riddle that endures to this day.2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosionflattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. Thefireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapersunder the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after thenearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, aftertraveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth atexactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists.“Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land ... and imagine ifthat area, unlike Tunguska, werepopulated,” the British science journal Nature mented recently.4 But no fragments of the “rock” have everbeen found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase ourknowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), sayItalian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When thenext Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try todeflect (使偏转) it or blowit up in space.5 However, several rival theories for theTunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tonsof methane(甲烷)-rich gasfrom deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was causedby an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. Competing ExplanationsB. Unknown AttacksC. Mysterious ExplosionD. Star WarE. Importance of Finding EvidenceF. Explanation that Worries Scientists27. The giganticexplosion that ourred a hundred years ago28. The shock wavewhich followed the dazzling light29. The hypothesisthat the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth30. Wolfgang Kundt,who has developed an alternative theoryA. has remained a puzzleB. lacks sufficient evidenceC. is a university professorD. was generated by the explosionE. will kill many animalsF. are attacked by aliensDon’t count on dungConservationists (自然保护主义者) may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error ours because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung (粪) the creatures leave behind.The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions, aording to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York.Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. "We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect," says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays: Because it's extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray (离开正道), says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre. "However aurate your dung densityestimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result."Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant's natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says. "If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it isdue to elephants moving in because they are being poached (入侵偷猎) outside."Plumptre says that similar problems may also affectother animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows (地洞).1 The word "threatened" in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced byA "endangered".B "frightened".C "killed".D "angered".2 Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles?A Because elephants are difficult to catch.B Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane.C Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants.D Because elephants are shy animals.3 Piles of dung can't be relied upon when it es to estimating elephant numbers becauseA they are different in size.B they scatter all over the region.C they are different in decay rate.D they are different in quality.4 Aording to Plumptre, the region over which a dung-pile census is carried out should beA small enough.B well protected.C carefully monitored.D large enough.5 The first word "He" in paragraph6 refers toA Andrew Plumptre.B Katy Payne.C Anthony Chifu Nchanji.D the writer of the article.。
前言《全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲》是专业技术人员参加全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试复习的重要资料。
根据近年来英语考试情，我们组织专家对该大纲进行了审定，该大纲继续遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，删减了部分篇幅，对词汇做了部分调整，其专业类别和等级划分不变，即：综合、理工、卫重3个专业类别和A、B、C3个等级。
专业技术人员可根据自己所从事的专业和需求，申报相应类别和级别的考试。
参加考试大纲编写的专家为：刘润清、韩宝成、高秋薄、白勇、朱莉莉、李建华、柳淑华、卢志鸿、沙丽金、崔刚等同志。
主持考试大纲修改的专家为：刘润清、韩宝成同志。
参加考试大纲审定的专家为：方立、戴炜华、张彦斌、邱陶生、曹精华等同志。
值此，我们向参加大纲编写、审定的专家及有关人员表感谢。
人事部专业技术人员管理司2007年11月全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲一、概述全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。
本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类和卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。
A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为l00分，考试时间均为2小时。
二、评价目标全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。
考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。
2008年职称英语课本有变新增文章难度加大2008年全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试将于2008年4月6日举行。
职称英语考试大纲在不改变题型和题量的基础上进行了重新修订，对词汇作了部分调整。
今年的职称英语教材也突显出一些新变化。
记者邀请到北京新东方学校职称英语项目主管李玉技来为大家一一分析。
新增文章难度上升 2008职称英语等级考试教材新增内容今年职称英语考试仍分为词汇、阅读判断、概括大意和完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文和完型填空这六大题型，各类题型的内容均有增减。
词汇选项题型部分表现在综合类增加了两套共30道题目；其余部分则都有新文章增加，具体表现在阅读判断增加了共10篇新文章，概括大意与完成句子共增加9篇文章，阅读理解共增加34篇文章，补全短文共增加11篇文章，完型填空增加11篇文章。
李玉技表示，综合类、理工类、卫生类的新增文章都明显具有各自专业的特点。
“这些新增加的文章中，卫生类的难度较往年基本持平，但是综合类和理工类的难度不断加大，如综合C级的文章The Only Way Is Up就比较难做，理工类的文章已经与以往传统的命题思路有了较大区别，既为我们这些职称英语培训教师带来了授课的难度,也为考生备考带来了新的挑战。
”李玉技还提到,也许是编写教材的时间有限,教材中的答案与解释出现了自相矛盾的情况，甚至有出错题目的情况出现，考生在复习过程中要加以注意。
备考难度高于往年李玉技告诉记者，今年的备考难度高于往年,考生除了要关注传统的阅读理解和完型填空以外还要关注其他题型新增加的文章,谨防出题方向上有变化。
对于词汇这一部分，《大纲》和《职称指定用书》中涉及的基本词汇、固定搭配和专业词汇，各个专业总数均在1万个左右，要掌握所有词汇在几个月内很难完成，复习时要找规律、找窍门，如按“家族”形式来记忆。
阅读判断也是考查阅读能力，不过相对来说比较好做，只需要在Right(对)、Wrong(错)和Not mentioned(没有陈述)中作选择。
2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类（A级）第一部分考题：词汇选项1. For some obscure reason， the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor2. The sea turtle‗s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6.Jane said that she couldn‗t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7. At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic BhappyC al oneD busy8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedCpraised D caught10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15.She always finds fault with everything，A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2012年职称英语变化二、2012年教材新增文章（一）阅读判断1.第七篇：Moderate Earthquake Strikes England2.*第十一篇：Computer Mouse（二）概括大意与完成句子1.第六篇：How We Form First Impression2.第十篇：Washoe Learned American Sign Language（三）阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet5.第十六篇：The Sahara 6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）8.*第十九篇：The Family9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape（四）补全短文1.第九篇：Heat Is Killer2.*第十一篇：Virtual Driver（五）完形填空1.第一篇：A Life with Birds2.第二篇：S Lucky Break3.第三篇：Global Warming4.第四篇：A Success Story5.第五篇：Traffic in Our Cities6*.第六篇：Teaching and Learning 7.*第七篇：The Difference between Man and Computer8.*第八篇：Look on The Bright Side9.*第九篇：The First Bicycle10.*第十篇：Working Mothers11.+第十一篇：School Lunch12.+第十二篇：A Powerful Influence13.+第十三篇：The Old Gate14.+第十四篇：Family History15.+第十五篇：Helen and Martin温馨提示：每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率非常大，是考试复习的重点！职称英语2012年考试全解析】一、职称英语考试难度自1996年推出职称英语考试，根据人事考试网提供的数据来看，全国每年的通过率平均在60%左右。
一、词汇：需要考生在最后阶段练习查字典，建议一天练习查60对，而且一个词汇题要反、正查，同时也要进行职称考试中常考词汇的记忆，这样可以在考试时提高速度，节省时间。
词汇题一般情况下仅凭字典一般也能做对，因此考生对自己不认识、不熟悉或没有绝对把握的题一定要通过字典来确认，从而确保词汇题100%的正确率。
李玉技老师特别提醒考生，考试时要带上一本带有同义词的词典。
且词典不能含有职称、考试等字样，更不能带电子词典。
二、阅读判断：答题时需掌握一条原则，就是在文章中有明确提出的才能确定为对。
题目中若出现must、only、all、always等时，答案一般不会是对的。
除上面的原则外，一般根据下列原则和规律也可以确定正确答案。
选择A、B或C的三种情况：1. 选A的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致2. 选B的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全相反3. 选C的情况：如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到三、概括大意和完成句子：概括大意要先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。
完成句子则要根据所给的短句进行选择，比较好的方法是找同类动词。
同时读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。
读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。
这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。
应该抓住该段话的主题句。
四、阅读理解：首先要重点掌握教材上的阅读理解的重点文章的背诵，来抓住出自教材上的分数，这是顺利通过考试很关键的一步。
同时充分利用老师在课上讲的解题技巧，如大标题做题法、红花绿叶原则、顺序出题原则、关键词回归定位法通过做模拟试题来进行解题技巧的演练和应用。
在做题时要注意：搞清主旨题、细节题、推理题、逻辑关系题、观点态度题。
注意标题、首尾段、首尾句、逻辑关系处、细节处等出题点;在阅读时见到日期、数量等要先做好标记，这样有重点有理有节的解题，才有可能取得满意的成绩。
五、补全短文：要先看标题定文体，再看选项，观察选项时应注意抓主干，猜大意，弄清选项大意是表示定义、因果、例子还是措施;不要放过代词、专用名字、连接词、数字等特征词;然后回头再去看课文，明确1-5的位置。
人事部办公厅关于2002年度专业技术人员职称外语等级考试工作有关问题的通知文章属性•【制定机关】人事部(已撤销)•【公布日期】2001.08.17•【文号】人办发[2001]71号•【施行日期】2001.08.17•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】教育综合规定正文人事部办公厅关于2002年度专业技术人员职称外语等级考试工作有关问题的通知（人办发[2001]71号）各省、自治区、直辖市人事厅(局)，新疆生产建设兵团人事局，部分副省级市人事局，国务院各部委、各直属机构人事(干部)部门：为做好2002年度职称外语等级考试各项准备工作，现将有关事项通知如下：一、2002年度职称外语等级考试定于4月14日举行。
二、考试适用范围、等级划分、语种，仍按照人事部《关于专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的通知》(人发[1998]54号)规定进行。
职称英语等级考试专业的分类，由原来的综合与人文、理工、财经、卫生等4个类别调整为综合、理工、卫生3个类别，原财经类的内容合并到综合类中。
三、各级人事部门要按照人事部《关于加强职称考试管理严肃考风考纪的通知》(人发[2000]85号)及有关规定的要求，切实加强对职称外语等级考试工作的领导，严格执行考试工作的各项规定，认真做好各个环节的考务工作，确保考试工作健康有序地进行。
四、各地、各部门应及时将本通知精神传达到所属单位的专业技术人员。
各级人事部门要认真做好驻地中央和国务院所属单位的专业技术人员考试报名及考试组织工作，确保有关专业技术人员如期报名参加考试。
有关考试的考务工作安排，由我部人事考试中心另行通知。
五、为更好地帮助广大专业技术人员学习外语，熟悉考试方法，我们组织有关专家对职称外语等级考试大纲、考试用书及辅导资料进行了修订和调整。
各地在组织征订工作时，请注意各语种考试大纲和考试用书的变化，严禁不法人员借考试之机盗版或强行搭售其他书籍。
有关考试大纲、考试用书及辅导资料的变化和征订事宜，由我部专业技术人员管理司和人事考试中心另行通知。
英语二 2011 text1 解析（原创版）目录1.文章概述2.文章主题：英语二 2011 text1 解析3.文章结构：1) 第一段：文章引言2) 第二段：文章主题介绍3) 第三段：文章详细解析4) 第四段：文章总结正文一、文章概述本文将对英语二 2011 text1 进行详细解析，帮助读者更好地理解这篇文章的主题、结构和意义。
通过分析这篇文章，读者可以提高自己的英语阅读理解能力，并在实际应用中运用所学知识。
二、文章主题：英语二 2011 text1 解析本文的主题是英语二 2011 text1 解析。
英语二是我国大学英语教育体系中的一个重要部分，对于提高大学生的英语阅读、写作和翻译能力有着重要意义。
通过对 2011 年 text1 的解析，可以帮助读者更好地理解这篇文章的内容和结构，从而提高自己的英语水平。
三、文章详细解析1.第一段：文章引言文章开头部分主要介绍了英语二 2011 text1 的背景信息和重要性，为读者提供了一个整体认识。
同时，引言部分还对文章的结构进行了简要说明，让读者对后续内容有了大致的了解。
2.第二段：文章主题介绍在这一部分，文章详细介绍了英语二 2011 text1 的主题，并对文章中的关键概念进行了解释。
通过这部分的内容，读者可以更好地理解文章的核心话题，为接下来的详细解析做好铺垫。
3.第三段：文章详细解析本段是文章的重点部分，对英语二 2011 text1 进行了逐段解析。
作者通过对文章的段落结构、论证方法、用词等方面进行详细分析，帮助读者深入理解文章的内涵和意义。
此外，本段还列举了一些与文章相关的实例，以便读者更好地理解和运用所学知识。
4.第四段：文章总结文章的最后一部分是对整篇文章的总结。
在这一部分，作者概括了文章的主要观点和结论，并对英语二 2011 text1 的解析过程进行了回顾。
通过这部分内容，读者可以对整篇文章有一个更加清晰的认识，并从中收获知识和启示。
职称外语等级考试报考级别类别参照表全国专业技术⼈员职称外语等级考试报考级别类别参照表序号专业技术职务资格系列（专业）外语级别英语类别A B C1⾼等学校教师教授、副教授；外语教师申报教授、副教授参加第⼆外语考试者。
外语教师申报参加第⼆外语考试者。
综合类，或根据所从事专业对⼝报考理⼯、卫⽣类别。
2⾃然科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员 从事理⼯、卫⽣专业技术⼯作的，应分别选择理⼯、卫⽣类别；从事其他专业技术⼯作的，应选择综合类别。
3社会科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员 综合类4卫⽣技术、计划⽣育技术主任医（药、护、技）师、副主任医（药、护、技）师县（含不设区的市，不含区）及乡镇所属单位的卫⽣技术⼈员申报副主任医（药、护、技）师；其他单位的卫⽣技术⼈员申报主治（管）医（药、护、技）师。
在县市及乡镇所属单位的卫⽣技术⼈员申报主治（管）医（药、技、护）师。
卫⽣类5药品技术主任药（中药、中药技）师、副主任药（中药、中药技）师；⾼级⼯程师县（含不设区的市，不含区）及乡镇所属单位的药品技术⼈员申报副主任药（中药、中药技）师、⾼级⼯程师；其他单位的药品技术⼈员申报主管药（中药、中药技）师、⼯程师。
在县市及乡镇所属单位的药品技术⼈员申报主管药（中药、中药技）师、⼯程师。
从事药品检验专业技术⼯作的，应选择卫⽣类别；从事其他类药品技术⼯作的，应选择理⼯类别。
6法医主任法医师、副主任法医师主检法医师 卫⽣类7⼯程技术（⾼校⼯程、⼴播电视⼯程、质量专业、建设⼯程、⽔利⼯程、交通⼯程、地质勘查⼯程、环境保护⼯程、林业⼯程、冶⾦⼯程、黄⾦⼯程、⽔产⼯程、机械⼯程、纺织⼯程、化⼯⼯程、轻⼯⼯程、煤炭⼯程、民航⼯程、地震⼯程、⽓象⼯程）⼯程技术应⽤研究员、⾼级⼯程师县（含不设区的市，不含区）及乡镇所属单位的⼯程技术⼈员申报⾼级⼯程师；其他单位的⼯程技术⼈员申报⼯程师。
在县市及乡镇所属单位的⼯程技术⼈员申报⼯程师。
理⼯类8党校教师教授、副教授县（市、区）委党校申报⾼级；设区的市委以上党校申报；外语教师申报教授、副教授、⾼级参加第⼆外语考试者。
适用系部：_外语外贸学部适用专业：英语适用年级：_2008级_选题。
系部：外语外贸学部专业班级：08英语4班姓名：黄舒婷学号：16010804029注：1.本表由学生填写；2.在毕业设计开始1周前完成；专业负责人签章：二〇一一年一月十日广东工业大学华立学院本科生毕业设计（论文）任务书题目名称On the Cultural Differences between English and Chinese from the Contrast of Animal Idioms系部外语外贸学部专业班级08英语4班姓名黄舒婷学号16010804029一、毕业设计（论文）的内容习语是一门语言的常见形式，是语言的精华，而其中与动物有关的习语被人们广泛地使用。
中英文里都含有很多和动物有关的词语、习语和表达。
而动物习语以其丰富的比喻形象，独特的作用和表现力，在英汉两种语言中都占有一席之地。
英汉动物习语的比较反映了人类文化进化的二重性。
动物词汇蕴含着丰富的文化信息，是民族文化的重要组成部分。
而这篇文章将通过地理位置和自然环境、文化背景以及风俗习惯等方面来分析了解英语习语中的动物用语，从而正确理解和使用动物习语，了解中西文化差异。
二、毕业设计（论文）的要求与数据1.材料要真实可靠，数据要准确。
2.选题要符合本专业的要求。
3.论文写作态度要认真严谨。
4.论文格式以及字数要按照标准格式规范。
三、毕业设计（论文）应完成的工作1.搜集资料，选定题目。
2 .撰写提纲。
3. 撰写论文初稿。
4. 撰写论文二稿。
5. 撰写论文三稿。
6. 撰写定稿。
四、毕业设计（论文）进程安排五、应收集的资料及主要参考文献[1]胡文仲.文化与交际[M].外学教学与研究出版社,1994.[2]胡文仲.高一虹.外语教学与文化[M].湖南教育出版社,1997.[3]高一虹.语言文化差异的认识与超越[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2000.[4]李润新.论第二语言教学与第二文化教学[A].文化与交际[C].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1994.[5]秦秀白.英语学习与吸收文化知识[M].上海：上海译文出版社,1988.[6]陈贤纯.中国文化研究[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1995.[7]陈申.语言文化教学策略研究[M].北京：北京语言文化大学出版社，2001.[8]胡春洞，王才仁.外语教育语言学[M].南宁:广西教育出版社，1996．[9]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2004.[10]束定芳，庄智象．现代外语教学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998．[11]邓炎昌，刘润清．语言与文化[M].北京：外语教学与出版社，1989．[12]Kaisu Korhonen.Intercultural Competence as Part of ProfessionalQualifications[D].University ofJyvaskyla, 2002[13]Sapir．E．Language，An Introduction to The Study of Speech[M].New York：Harhcourt，Brace．& Company，1921．[14]Brown．H．Douglas，Principles of Language Learning And Teaching[M].New．Jersey：Prentice Hall，inc.1987.[15]Linell Davis Doing Culture Cross Cultural Communication in Action[M].BeijingForeign Language Teaching and Research Press,2001.16-18.发出任务书日期：2012年1月 14日指导教师签名：预计完成日期：2012 年 6 月10 日专业负责人签章：系部主任签章：广东工业大学华立学院本科生毕业设计（论文）指导情况记录表系部：_外语外贸学部_ 专业：_英语_ 班级：08英语4班______注：本表供指导教师在每次与学生见面指导时记录使用。
附表1：
2011年度全国职称外语考试用书订单
单位：（加盖公章）送书时间：
书名出版单位单价订数（册）
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲外研出版社
中国人事出版社
20元
全国专业技术人员职称日语
等级考试大纲
中国人事出版社18元全国专业技术人员职称俄语
等级考试大纲
外研出版社11元全国专业技术人员职称德语
等级考试大纲
外研出版社19元全国专业技术人员职称法语
等级考试大纲
外研出版社23元全国专业技术人员职称西班
牙语等级考试大纲
外研出版社40元职称英语等级考试用书
（综合类）
辽宁电子出版社43元职称英语等级考试用书
（理工类）
中国人事出版社43元职称英语等级考试用书
（卫生类）
中国人事出版社43元职称日语等级考试用书中国人事出版社37元职称俄语等级考试用书中国人事出版社37元职称英语考试专项及综合训
练（综合类）
辽宁电子出版社34元职称英语考试专项及综合训
练（理工类）
辽宁电子出版社34元职称英语考试专项及综合训
练（卫生类）
辽宁电子出版社34元职称日语考试综合训练中国人事出版社32元职称英语等级考试历年真题
全真模拟试卷（综合类）
中国人事出版社28元职称英语等级考试历年真题
全真模拟试卷（理工类类）
中国人事出版社28元职称英语等级考试历年真题
全真模拟试卷（卫生类）
中国人事出版社28元
职称日语等级考试自学通中国人事出版社28元古代汉语考试指南河南省科学技术出版社8.8元
联系人：联系电话（手机）：送书详细地址：。
2011年考研英语一text2摘要：I.引言- 介绍2011年考研英语一的Text 2II.人口老龄化对经济的影响- 分析人口老龄化带来的劳动力减少- 阐述老龄化对消费需求的影响- 指出老龄化对经济增长的负面影响III.应对人口老龄化的措施- 提出提高退休年龄的建议- 探讨增加劳动力供给的途径- 强调完善社会保障体系的重要性IV.结论- 总结人口老龄化对经济的挑战- 重申应对老龄化问题的关键措施正文：2011年考研英语一的Text 2围绕人口老龄化对经济的影响及应对措施展开讨论。
首先，文章分析了人口老龄化导致的劳动力减少问题。
随着生育率的下降和人均寿命的延长，我国面临严重的人口老龄化问题。
这使得劳动力市场供应紧张，企业的招聘难度加大，同时劳动力质量也受到影响。
其次，老龄化对消费需求产生了显著影响。
随着老年人口的增加，消费需求结构发生变化，对医疗、养老、休闲等服务业的需求不断上升，而对这些行业的投资和消费却相对滞后。
这不仅影响了当期消费，还可能对未来经济增长产生负面影响。
为应对人口老龄化带来的经济挑战，文章提出了相应措施。
首先，提高退休年龄是缓解劳动力紧张的有效途径。
适当延长工作年限，可增加劳动力供给，提高社会生产效率。
其次，增加劳动力供给需要从多方面着手，如鼓励生育、引进外国劳动力等。
这有助于缓解劳动力市场压力，提高经济活力。
最后，文章强调完善社会保障体系的重要性。
老龄化问题不仅关系到经济发展，还涉及社会公平和稳定。
政府应加大投入，完善养老、医疗等社会保障制度，确保老年人能够安享晚年。
职称英语综合类A、B、C级综合试卷-22(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The immense change of the city astonished every member of the conference.（分数：1.00）A.surprised √B.interestedC.boredD.excited解析：2.We want to know his family background.（分数：1.00）A.relationships √B.membersC.troublesD.income解析：3.The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.（分数：1.00）A.held inB.held up √C.held downD.held off解析：4.Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.（分数：1.00）A.oddB.modern √C.oldD.interesting解析：5.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.（分数：1.00）A.omitB.explainC.inventD.shorten √解析：6.Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.（分数：1.00）A.demand √B.rely onC.prepare forD.create解析：7.Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more. （分数：1.00）A.put offB.put downC.put on √D.put up解析：8.The nursery is bright and cheerful.（分数：1.00）A.pleasant √B.colorfulC.fashionableD.unforgettable解析：9.All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.（分数：1.00）A.as result ofB.consideringC.on purposeD.whatever √解析：10.While attempting to find a new route to India, Columbus discovered America by accident. （分数：1.00）A.sailingB.failingC.trying √D.hoping解析：11.Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen.（分数：1.00）A.factorB.feature √C.signD.symbol解析：12.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.（分数：1.00）A.documentsB.possessions √C.childrenD.clothes解析：13.I could recognize the old car at a glance.（分数：1.00）A.squareB.featureC.flameD.glimpse √解析：14.Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes.（分数：1.00）A.SimultaneouslyB.Almost √C.AbsolutelyD.Basically解析：15.She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother.（分数：1.00）A.quitted √B.lostC.pausedD.retired解析：二、{{B}}第2部分：阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2011年职称英语综合类类阅读理解新增文章篇目第八篇 The State of Marriage Today*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People+第四十七篇Spoilt for Choice注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、完形填空请参见第13页；3、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。
第八篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years，the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded：almost 50％of marriages endin divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse．If this trend continues．it will lead to the breakup of the family，according to a spokespersonfor the National Family Association．Some futurists predict that in l 00 years．the average American will marry at least four times．and extramarital affairs will beeven more common than they are now．But what are the reasons for this，and is the picture really so gloomy? The answerto the first question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessityit once was．The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need．Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home．But with the rising number of women in well—paying jobs，this is no longer the case，so they don’t feel that they needto stay in a failing marriage．In answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems．While the rate of divorce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular．In addition to this．many couples now cohabit and don’t bother to marry．These couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics．In fact．more than 50％Of first marriages survive．The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriagesthan in first marriages．So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people stillget married indicates that it isn’t．And it is also true that married couples havea healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselvesmore contented than their single counterparts．Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!词汇：Divorce n．离婚Evidence n．证据，迹象Futurist n．未来主义者Explode v．激增，迅速扩大Predict v．预言，预料，预报Extramarital adj．婚外的Gloomy adj．阴暗的；令人沮丧的Institution n．制度，习俗Outlook n．展望，前景Pessimistic adj．悲观的Cohabit v．同居2 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试辅导资料、每日一练、网络课程，尽在外语教育网（）、Effectively ad．实际上Statistics n．统计，统计资料Deceptive adj．迷惑的，骗人的Outdated adj．旧式的，过时的Indicate v．表明，暗示Consequence n．结果，后果Contented adj．满足的，满意的Counterpart n．对应的人(或物)注释：National Family Association：美国国家家庭联合会练习：1．Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family．B) Half of the married couples get divorced：C) American people marry more than four times．D) More and more people are getting divorced．2．What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A) It is not necessary to get married any more．B) Women do not need a husband any longer．C) Women are not economically dependant any more．D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now．3．Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married．B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased．C) Over 50％of the marriages continue to exist．D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true。
4．How do people usually feel in their marriage life?A) They are much healthier．B) They feel no longer single．C) They are more satisfied．D）They suffer a lot less．5．Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A) There will be more relationships outside marriage．B) Many people try to get married again after divorce．C) Marriage has long been partly an economical need．D) It is a fact that most people choose to get married．答案与题解：1．D 从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的，而不是如今的情况。
B选项与第一段第二句“almost 50％of the marriages end in divo rce”不符。
第一段第二句里的“the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded”、“the evidence suggests3 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试辅导资料、每日一练、网络课程，尽在外语教育网（）、it is going to get worse”话语正好说明了D选项的情况。
2．C 第二段第四句、第五句说得很清楚，妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫，因此觉得无需维持行将失败的婚姻。
3．A从第三段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了，因此B选项不对。
而C选项与第三段里“In fact，more than 50％of first marriages survive”所说不符，该选项没有提到是第一次婚姻。
同样，D选项在文中也没有说到，文中第三段的最后一句只是说统计数据具有欺骗性，而没有说数据失实。
4．C文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚，结了婚的人比单身的人更满足。
