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中低纬山地气象Mid-low Latitude Mountain Meteorology Vol.44Nu.6 Dec,2020第44卷第6期2020年12月文章编号：2096-5389(2020)06-0002-08贵州铜仁一次罕见暴雪过程分析冉仙果2,胡萍0,杨群0,聂云0,舒亦菲0(2.贵州省沿河土家族自治县气象局，贵州沿河565300；.贵州省铜仁市气象局，贵州铜仁554300)扌商要：该文利用常规探测资料、NCEP再分析资料和多普勒C达资料，对2012年12月29—38日铜仁市暴雪过程的环流形势特征与成因进行分析，结果表明：此次暴雪过程发生在高空南支槽、多波动槽东移、00hPt西南暖湿急流输送及954IhP东北回流冷垫的环流背景下，表现出持续时间长、范围广、强度大、积雪深的特征;强降雪阶段对流层低层有来自孟加拉湾的源源不断的水汽输送，湿层厚度增强,且有较强的水汽辐合;700hP&较强的垂直上升运动及对流层中低层较强的垂直风切变有利于暴雪天气的发生;强降雪时刻暴雪区800hPt以上位于高层冷平流、低层暖平流的叠加区域，为不稳定大气;此次降雪具有对流性和持续性特征,C达反射率回波云团具有列车效应。
关键词：暴雪;南支槽;水汽输送;西南急流;东北回流中图分类号:P453.1+2文献标识码:2Analysis of a Rare Blizzard Process in Tongren,GuizhouRAN Xitydu2,HU Piny2,YANG Qun0,NIE Yun2,SHU Yifet2(1.Ythe Meteorological Statiou of Guizhou Province,Ythe545300,Chinn；0.Touyreo Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province,Tonyreo554380,Chinn)Abstroct:Usiny couveatioual eetectiou eta,NCEP reanalysis dua any Doppleo raUur dua；tie circalatiou chudcteristics u V causes of tie blizzud process in Touyrea city ou December29ta38 ,2012wero analyzet.The resulis show thut the blizzaro occarree unnec the circalatiou bucOyrounV of the soutaem suppoo iTOuuh,the eestwaro movemeet of the miilti-wlve irouuh,ihe700hPl southwest wami w C je iransuort ant the954hPl northeesi reflueai coli pl.Ii hne the caaracteristica of lony Uuratiou,wine ranye,yreni inteasita ant Ucp snow cavee.In the stane o f heave snowfall,there in n coutinnoue watee vanoe transuoie from Bepyai Bny in the lowee trouosppere,ant the wet layee thicaeae with strouyee watee vanoe couveraeace.The700I i P s strouy artical upwu C movemeai and the strony artical wint sheer in the minUe ant lowee trouosppero are couVucive te theof blizzarO weathee.Ai the time of heave snowfll,the blizzarO area anove850hPa it located in the supemosition repiou of coli anvectiou in the upper layee ant warm anvectiou in the lowee tayee,ant it it an unstanie atmosppere. The stowfali hat couvective and persisteni cOaracteristico,ant the ranae reflectivite echo clouU hat train effed.Key words:blizzarO;southem trouuh;watee vanoe transtort；southwest jet;the northeast bacOflow0引言贵州冬季冻雨天气出现较多,雨夹雪次之，大雪或暴雪天气（称为降雪）偶有出现⑴，而一旦出现降雪天气和冻雨天气，将出现长时间的道路结冰、电线结冰等持续性灾害天气，对交通、工农业生产收稿日期：2019-11-29第一作者简介:冉仙果（1992—）,男,助工,主要从事县级综合业务研究,E-man：438496358@。
西藏高原西南部地区一次暴雪天气过程诊断分析罗布坚参;德吉白珍;次仁朗杰【摘要】The weather process of a snowstorm event in the southwest region of the Tibetan Plateau on January 17 to 19,2013 was comprehensively analyzed using the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Predic-tion/National Center for Atmospheric Research)reanalysis data with resolution of 2.5 °×2.5 °,conventional mete-orological data and satellite cloud images in this study.The results show that the circulation situation during the snowstorm event in the southwest region of the Tibet Plateau is characterized by two troughs and two ridges at the middle and higher latitudes.The deep southern branchtrough,southwesterly jet stream,and the Western Pacific subtropical high are the main influencing systems of the snowstorm event.The cyclonic vorticity reaches 15.0 ×10 -5 s-1 during the snowstorm event,and the convergence at lower levels and divergence at middle and higher levels favor the ascending motion of the air.The positive divergence near 250 hPa is 3.5 ×10 -5 s-1 ,and the powerful suction effect at middleand higher levels and the strong ascending motion play important roles in the snowstorm occurrence.Water vapor mainly comes from the Arabian Sea,and the increasing water vapor flux and its moving northeastwards divergence center indicate that water vapor is transported continually by warm and hu-mid southwesterly flows and converges over the snowstorm area.Meanwhile,the orographic uplifting effect is fa-vorable for thecondensation of water vapor.The temperature of black body(TBB)obviously decreases when the clouds reach over the TibetPlateau.TBB drops below -50 ℃ when clouds reach over the snowstorm area,and it is even lower than-60 ℃ over the Burang area in the western Tibet Plateau.%利用NCEP／NCAR的2.5°×2.5°逐6 h再分析资料、常规气象观测资料和卫星云图资料，对2013年1月17—19日西藏高原西南部地区的一次暴雪天气过程进行了综合分析。
农业灾害研究2021，11（9）作者简介 梁效铭（1994—），男，云南建水人，助理工程师，主要从事综合气象研究工作。
收稿日期 2021-06-01Analysis on the Causes and Characteristics of a Winter Rainstorm in Hekou CountyLIANG Xiao-ming (Hekou County Meteorological Bureau, Honghe, Yunnan 661300)Abstract Analyzed a continuous winter rainstorm weather process in Hekou County from Dec. 14th to Dec. 15th, 2013 through conventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data and automatic weather station observation data. The results show that: in this process, the middle and high-level deep south branch trough from the Bay of Bengal quickly strengthened eastward, the trough low penetrated into the middle of the Bay of Bengal, the strengthening southwest jet stream in front of the trough transported warm and humid air to southern Yunnan, and the bottom shear line moved southward. At the same time, in conjunction with the ground cold front, it led to the continuous rainstorm in the winter of the estuary; during this process, the warm and humid airflow from the Bay of Bengal in the middle and lower layers formed an energy accumulation area and a strong water vapor convergence area in the estuary area, which is continuous Strong rainfall provides sufficient water vapor; the estuary area has strong upward movement under the coupling effect of bottom-level convergence and mid-to-high-level divergence. In addition, the warm and humid air flow in front of the trough is forced to uplift by the low-level cold air and topography, which further strengthens The convergent ascending movement of the entire layer provides a good dynamic uplifting mechanism for the occurrence and development of this heavy rainfall; due to topographical reasons, after cold air enters the estuary, it is affected by the valley and mountainous terrain to form a cold cushion on the side of the windward slope in front of the mountain Accumulated and accumulated convectively unstable energy becomes the trigger mechanism of this process.Key words Winter heavy rain; South branch trough; Shear line; Cold air河口县一次冬季暴雨天气过程成因特征分析梁效铭河口县气象局，云南红河 661300摘要 利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和自动气象站观测数据，分析了2013年12月14—15日河口县一次持续性的冬季暴雨天气过程。
不同触发条件下吉林省一次极端暴雪大风天气过程诊断分析王宁;秦玉琳;姚帅;王婷婷;牛立强【摘要】利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站降水观测资料和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,对2015年2月21-22日吉林省一次极端暴雪大风天气过程进行诊断分析.结果表明:高空冷涡配合地面蒙古气旋东移发展为形成暴雪的重要因素,850 hPa温压场反位相叠加符合吉林省典型大风天气的形势.此次降雪过程可以分为暖区和冷区降雪两个阶段,第一个阶段降雪由低空南风急流触发,来源于渤海和黄海的水汽异常丰沛,动力条件相对较弱;第二个阶段降雪水汽条件弱于第一个阶段,水汽主要来源于低涡北部的偏东风急流和偏北风急流,汇集日本海的水汽集中向西输送,但动力条件强于第一个阶段降雪,强降雪期间伴随明显的干侵入及锋生过程,冷空气作用显著.强降雪发生时,回波强度一般为15-25 dBz,且回波高度≤4 km,同时冷区降雪强度还与切变线的加强和冷空气的入侵密切相关.%An extreme blizzard and gale weather process over Jilin province on February 21 to 22 in 2015 was diagnosed and analyzed using the conventional meteorological observation data,regional automatic station precipitation data and the NCEP (National Centers for E nvironmental Prediction) 1°×1° 6-hourly reanalysis data.The results show that a high-level cold eddy combining with eastern expansion of the ground Mongolia cyclone is a main factor influencing this blizzard weather event.Overlaying of temperature and pressure fields at 850 hPa in reverse phase is consistent with the typical gale weather situation over Jilin province.Corresponding snowfall process can be divided into two phases,namely,snowfall at warm and then coldareas.The first phase of snowfall is triggered by the low-level southerly jet with an abnormally abundant water vapor coming from Bohai and Yellow Sea.The dynamic conditions in this phase are relatively weak.In the second phase,the water vapor condition is weaker than in the first phase.It is mainly due to the westerly transport of water vapor converging at the Sea of Japan,which is controlled by the easterly and northerly jets in the north part of the low vortex.While its dynamic conditions are stronger than those of the first phase.During the heavy snowfall period,the dry intrusion and frontogenesis process are obvious,and the role of cold air is significant.When the heavy snowfall occurs,the echo intensity is general within 15-25 dBz,and the echo height is equal or less than 4km.Meanwhile,the snowfall intensity in the cold area is closely related to the strengthening of shear line and the invasion of cold air.【期刊名称】《气象与环境学报》【年(卷),期】2017(033)003【总页数】9页(P1-9)【关键词】水汽输送;干侵入;动力垂直结构;锋生过程;雷达回波【作者】王宁;秦玉琳;姚帅;王婷婷;牛立强【作者单位】吉林省气象台,吉林长春 130062;吉林省气象台,吉林长春 130062;吉林省气象台,吉林长春 130062;吉林省气象台,吉林长春 130062;吉林省气象台,吉林长春 130062【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P458.1+21引言地处北半球中高纬度地区的吉林省，年平均气温较低，暴雪为吉林地区的主要灾害性天气之一。
December 18,2020 （CNN）Historic snowfalls of up to 45 inches blanket U.S. Northeast 美国东北部地区降雪量达到了百年一遇的45英寸A winter storm piled historic amounts of snow onto parts of the U.S. Northeast on Thursday and wreaked havoc throughout the region, hobbling if not paralyzing travel as it moved up the coast and bore down on New England.周四，一场冬季暴风雪给美国东北部部分地区带来了史无前例的大量降雪，并对整个地区造成了严重破坏。
暴风雪沿着海岸向新英格兰地区移动，即使没有造成交通瘫痪，但也阻碍了旅行。
The first major snowstorm of the season, which was expected to move out to sea by the end of Thursday, prompted officials to urge the region's 50 million residents to stay home, a warning many had been routinely issuing anyway because of the pandemic.本季的第一场大暴风雪预计将于周四结束前移向大海，该地区官员敦促当地5,000万居民留在家中。
由于流感大流行，许多人已经按照惯例发出了这一警告。
"Given the heavy (snow) and difficult travel conditions, drivers are encouraged to stay off the road if they can during the storm," Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker said on Twitter.马萨诸塞州州长查理·贝克在推特上说:“考虑到大雪和恶劣的交通条件，司机们被鼓励在风暴期间尽可能远离道路。
一次华北气旋造成的北京特大暴雪天气过程分析詹正杰;尹仔锋;乔林;王将;孙秀忠;赵玮【摘要】Using the wind profile products from the Beijing Yanqing railway station and Haidian station, microwave radiometer products, radar products from the southern outskirts of Beijing city and Chedaogou station,observation data of weighing rain-gauge data from 58 stations,FY-2E satellite images and conventional meteorological data, the Beijing Blizzard weather process on November 3 to 4 in 2012 was analyzed. The result shows that:the precipitation phase (rain, snow) is determined by frontal properties and frontal location of the North China cyclone; the process is determined by the intensity and duration of rain and snow cyclone with water vapor channel; the wind profile and microwave radiometer data of the rain and snow had obviously indicative function for the start time and precipitation phase change.%利用北京延庆站和海淀站风廓线产品、微波辐射计产品、北京市雷达产品（南郊和车道沟）、北京市58个称重雨量站观测资料、FY-2E卫星云图、常规气象资料，综合分析了2012年11月3-4日北京暴雪天气过程。
Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology 2022, Vol.12 No.5作者简介 李晓坤（1984—），女，山西怀仁人，工程师，主要从事短期、短时临近天气预报工作。
收稿日期 2022-01-20Analysis of an Extreme Snowstorm Weather Process in Xilin Gol League in November 2021LI Xiaokun (Xilin Gol League Meteorolog-ical Bureau, Xilin Hot, Znnor Mongolia 026000) Abstract From November 5 to 8, 2021, Xilin Gol League (hereinafter referred to as Ximeng) experienced the first strong snowfall in late autumn and early winter. The heavy snowfall process had wide influence range, high intensity and long duration, with characteristics of rain and snow conversion, accompanied by fog and haze, strong wind and snowstorm. The daily snowfall in xiwuzhumuqin banner broke through the historical extreme value, and Erlianhot, Sunit Left Banner The daily snowfall in Zhengxiang white banner, Taipusi Banner, Zhenglan Banner and Duolun County exceeds the extreme threshold. The research shows that in the process of heavy snowfall, the interaction between the high-level southwest air flow and the low-level northeast air flow makes the warm and humid air climb along the cold pad, which is conducive to the occurrence of heavy snowfall. The high-altitude jet stream is strengthened, Ximeng is on the left side of the exit area, and the “suction effect” is strengthened. The influence of high slot, low-level wind direction, wind speed shear and ground cold front promotes the strengthening of upward movement, which is conducive to the occurrence of Blizzard weather; The low-level convergence and high-level divergence in the western area of Ximeng, while the low-level divergence and high-level convergence in the eastern area, superimposed with the influence of the cold front, there is an obvious secondary circulation, which is conducive to the further strengthening of the upward movement, resulting in strong snowfall; The specific humidity reaches 2~4 g/kg, and the divergence of water vapor flux is negative. There is a northeast wind jet > 12 m/s at 850 hPa, which is conducive to the continuous transmission of water vapor in the Okhotsk Sea over Ximeng and provide sufficient water vapor conditions; Radar products show that the maximum echo intensity of the basic reflectivity factor in the snowfall weather process is 35 dBz, and the echo influence time is long. The radial velocity shows that the wind force in the near ground layer is 39 m/s, the maximum intensity of the combined reflectivity is 35 dBz, and the echo top height is 6~8 km. OHP products predict that the magnitude of 1-hour precipitation inversion is small.Key words Extreme snowstorm; Cold pad; Radar data2021年11月锡林郭勒盟一次极端暴雪天气过程分析李晓坤锡林郭勒盟气象局，内蒙古锡林浩特 026000摘要 2021年11月5—8日，锡林郭勒盟（以下简称锡盟）出现秋末冬初第一场强降雪天气，此次大暴雪天气过程影响范围广、强度大、持续时间长，存在雨雪转换特征，伴有雾霾、大风、暴风雪天气。
灾难英文词汇10英本3班1.交通事故aground 搁浅be<go,run>aground <船>搁浅,触礁belly out 底部朝上black box <飞机等的>黑匣子bound 准备〔或正在〕到……去的〔飞机,船等〕bow 船头canyon 峡谷capsize 〔船等〕倾覆castaway 乘船遇难者〔的〕cliff 悬崖collide <车船等>碰撞crash 碰撞crosswind 侧风derail 火车出轨distress signal 船只遇难时的求救信号ditch 飞机迫降在水面上,汽车开到沟里escaping hatch <潜艇的>逃生舱口ferry 渡船flip over 翻过来foul play 不正常运作fragment 碎片fuselage 〔飞机〕机身gondola 吊舱hatch 舱门head-on train collision 火车迎面相撞heavy seas 波涛汹涌的海面hull 船壳,船体life vest 救生背心mangle 压碎,plunge 投入,跳进raft 救生筏ram 猛撞ravine 沟壑山涧深谷rescue team 援救人员rough seas 波涛汹涌的海面rudder 舵shipwreck 船只失事,失事船的残骸skip over 翻过来strand 使搁浅turbulence 湍流turbulent 狂暴的湍流的wind shear 风切变wreck on a rock 触礁失事2．地震等sei earthquake、temblor〔美〕earthshock、quake、cataclysm、seism、地震epicenter、epicentre、epicentrum 、seismic vertical震中seismic belt/seismic zone/seismic area地震带; 地震区seismic center 震中aftershock 余震Richter Scale<1—10> 里氏震级seismographer/seismologist地震学家earthquake monitoring 地震监控seismic coefficient 地震系数dislocation earthquake断层地震folding earthquake褶皱地震local earthquake局部地震palintecticearthquake深源地震plutonic earthquake深源地震shallow-focus earthquake浅源地震simulated earthquake模拟地震submarine earthquake海底震tsunami海啸tectonic earthquake壳构地震volcanic earthquake火山地震earthquake monitoring 地震监控seismic discontinuity 地震间断面seismic regionalization 地震区划分after shock 余震magnitude 震级seismology 地震学buckle 变形,坍塌calamity 灾祸debris 碎片废墟devastate 毁坏devastating quake 毁坏性地震dilapidated house 部分毁坏的房屋earthquake belt 地震带earthquake prone zone 易震带epicenter 震中eruption 喷发,爆发jolt 振摇killer earthquake <死伤人数很多的>强烈地震landslide 塌方,滑坡,山崩lava 熔岩mudslide 泥石流open-ended Richter Scale 里氏地震级earthquake-stricken area<earthquake disaster region> 地震灾区reduce to rubbles 化为瓦砾rock 震动seism 地震shantytown 棚户区贫民窟shanty 棚屋shoddy building 偷工减料的建筑物skimp 克扣,偷工减料sniffer dog 警犬,嗅探器sniffer 嗅探器stench of putrefaction 腐烂东西发出的恶臭temblor 地震tide wave 海啸tracking dog 警犬trained-dog 受过训练的狗,警犬traumatized 受过精神创伤的tremor 震颤tsunami 海啸unscrupulous 是无忌惮的不讲道理的volcano 火山形容地震的破坏程度的动词有〔按破换程度从小到大排序〕：damage 损害,损伤；〔口语〕伤害,毁坏destroy 毁坏,破坏；摧残shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭devastate 蹂躏,破坏；使荒废；毁灭level 推倒,夷平flatten 夷为平地national day of mourning 全国哀悼日mourning ceremony 哀悼仪式national flags fly at half-mast 降半旗致哀silent tribute 默哀online tribute 网上悼念earthquake relief 赈灾post-disaster reconstruction 灾后重建altitude sickness 高原反应quake victims 遇难者relief work 救援工作Tibetan treatment 藏医疗法medical team 医疗队relief goods 救援物资slide-proof rug 防滑垫cold-proof coat 防寒大衣heat sensor 生命探测仪signs of life 生命迹象plague prevention 防疫plague prevention 鼠疫防疫oxygen deprivation 缺氧oxygen supply 氧源,供氧oxygen mask 氧气罩gala devoted to quake relief 赈灾晚会telethon 为募捐播放的长时间的电视节目campaign-style donation activity 大型募捐活动charity donor 慈善捐赠者donation agreement 捐赠协议charity sale 义卖giveaway buffet 慈善餐会地震知识：震源epicenter地震波seismic wave纵波P-wave横波S-wave震级magnitude里氏震级Richter scale小于2.5级的地震叫小地震,2.5-4.7级地震叫有感地震,大于4.7级地震称为破坏性地震主震main shock前震pre-earthquake余震aftershock震带earthquake zone地震烈度seismic intensity构造地震Tectonic earthquake火山地震V olcanic earthquake塌陷地震Earthquake collapse诱发地震Induced earthquake人工地震Artificial earthquake3．火灾,风灾,水灾,旱灾avalanche 雪崩back-to-back storms 接踵而来的暴风雨batter <恶劣的天气>连续袭击blaze 火,熊熊燃烧blizzard 暴风雪carcase<carcass> 〔动物的〕尸体,〔蔑〕人的尸体cataclysm 洪水flood、deluge、spate洪水rock and mud slides/debris flow/mud-rock flow 泥石流landslide 山体滑坡tornado龙卷风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风whirlwind 龙卷风twister 龙卷风storm 暴风雨sandstorm 沙尘暴gale 狂风gust 阵风char 烧焦choppy 风向不定的,波浪涛涛的collapse 倒坍crest 洪峰cyclone 气旋,旋风dam 水坝deluge 洪水depression 低气压dismal 凄凉的driving rain 倾盆大雨drizzle 牛毛细雨drought 干旱drown 淹死dump 〔雨水〕倾泻embankment 堤岸embank 筑堤防护engulf 席卷吞噬flame 火焰flood-ravaged area 〔洪水〕受灾区fume <浓烈或难闻的>烟,气,汽gale 狂风gust 阵风,〔风雨雹〕突然一阵gut 损毁〔房屋等〕内部装置hurricane 飓风inundate 水淹jetty 防波堤knee-deep <积雪等>齐膝深的,没膝的levee 大堤low-lying 地势低洼的maroon <杯水围困>处于孤立无援的境地monsoon 季风monsoon rain 〔印度洋〕季雨pelt 连续打击,〔雨雪〕大降pound 〔连续〕猛击pour 下倾盆大雨rainfall 降雨量〔typhoon-〕ravaged area 被〔台风〕破坏的地区scorch 烧焦sift 筛选详查silt 淤泥,使淤塞sleet 雨夹雪smoulder 焖烧spell <某种天气的>一段持续时间squall 〔冰雹〕暴风stampede 惊跑乱窜stifle 使窒息submergence 浸没,淹没subside <洪水>减退suffocate 使窒息sweep 〔风等〕刮起,浪等冲走terrified 恐惧的torrential rain 骤雨trample 踩twister 陆海卷风,沙柱尘旋uproot 连根拔wash away 冲走water-logged 涝的Space disasters 空间灾害Solar flares 太阳耀斑Gamma ray burst 伽玛射线暴4. 其他用语<flood>-struck area <洪水>受灾区aid worker 救援人员make-shift 临时凑用的代用品makeshift house 临时住房philanthropic 慈善的philanthropist 慈善家philanthropoid 慈善基金会经纪人philanthropy 慈善事业puddle 水坑race against the clock 争分夺秒rage 〔风〕狂吹,浪汹涌,病猖獗ready-made 现成的,预制的rescue worker 救援人员自然灾害学常用的100个英语单词和词组1、natural disaster 自然灾害；2、prevention of disaster 防灾；3、reduction of disaster 减灾；4、geological disaster 地质灾害；5、environment 环境；6、land 土地；7、resource 资源；8、history 历史；9、status 现状；10、water and soil 水土；11、washing away 流失；12、floodwater 洪水；13、breaking out 爆发；14、mountain coast 山体滑坡；15、vegetation 植被；16、soil fertility 土壤肥力；17、climate 气候；18、EI Nino phenomenon厄尔尼诺现象；19、marsh 湿地；沼泽；20、drought disaster旱灾；21、waterlog 涝灾；22、hail 冰雹；23、frost 霜冻；24、gale 大风；25、cold wave 寒潮；26、plant diseases and insect pests 病虫害；27、earthquake 地震；28、plague 瘟疫；29、fire disaster火灾；30、heavy snow disaster 大雪灾；31、lightning strike 雷击；32、ecology 生态；33、balance 平衡；34、original frost 初霜；35、end frost 终霜；36、spring frost 春霜；37、winter frost 冬霜；38、geological disaster 地质灾；39、heavy fog 大雾；40、animal disaster 兽害灾；41、law of drought disaster 旱灾规律；42、law of waterlog disaster 涝灾规律；43、change tendency 变化趋势；44、change law 变化规律；45、territorial disaster 区域性灾害；46、globe disaster 全球性灾害；47、environment 环境；48、protection 保护；49、surface water 地表水；50、groundwater 地下水；51、pollution 污染；52、tropic rain forest 热带雨林；53、typhoon 台风；54、cyclone 飓风；55、tornado 龙卷风；56、crypt 地穴;57、landform 地形；58、physiognomy 地貌；59、geogeny 地球成因学；60、land surface 地面；61、doing down 下沉；62、water resource 水资源；63、serious pinch 严重匮乏；64、grasshopper disaster 蝗虫灾；65、heavy drought 大旱；66、heavy waterlog 大涝；67、famine 饥荒；68、visitation of Providence 天灾；69、man-made disaster 人祸；70、surface of sea 海平面；71、moving up 上升；72、mankind 人类73、facing 面临；74、breathe 生存;75、challenge 挑战；76、volcano 火山；77、crater 火山口；78、eruption 火山灰；79、sea disaster 海洋灾害；80、storm tide 风暴潮；81、ground sea 海啸；82、red tide 赤潮；83、biologic disaster 生物灾害；84、insect pest 虫害；85、rat pest 鼠害；86、greenhouse gas 温室气体；87、greenhouse effect 温室效应；88、heavy fire from forest 森林大火；89、forestation 森林管理；90、deforestation 森林开发；91、silvics 森林生态学；92、disaster 灾害；93、measure 措施；94、strategy 策略；95、prevention and control 防治；96、countermeasure of reducing disaster 减灾对策；97、countermeasure of preventing disaster 防灾对策；98、risk analysis of natural disaster 自然灾害风险分析；99、risk assessment of natural disaster自然灾害风险评价；100、factor of leading to disaster 致灾因子。
Clearing Ice in a Blizzard: A Call to ActionAmidst the furious howling of the wind and the blinding whiteness of the snow, a group of determined individuals ventured out into the blizzard, armed with shovels and hearts full of resolve. Their mission was clear: to clear the ice and snow that had accumulated on the streets, sidewalks, and paths, ensuring the safety and mobility of the community.The blizzard had been relentless, dumping feet of snow and creating treacherous conditions. Ice had formed on every surface, posing a significant hazard to pedestrians and vehicles alike. But this group of brave souls, composed of volunteers and municipal workers, refused to let the elements deter them from their duty.The task was arduous and challenging. The cold was intense, and the snow was deep. Every shovelful was abattle against the elements, but the group pressed on, determined to make a difference. They worked in silence, their only companions the sounds of shovels scraping ice and the wind howling in the distance.As the hours passed, they made progress. The paths became clearer, and the sidewalks were safer to walk on. Vehicles could navigate the streets with less risk of sliding or skidding. The group's efforts were paying off, and the community was beginning to see the fruits of their labor.Despite the exhaustion and the cold, the group'sspirits were high. They knew that their work was vital, and they were proud to be part of something that would make a positive impact on their neighbors. They were reminded of the saying, "Unity is strength," and they felt a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment knowing that they were contributing to the safety and well-being of their community.As the blizzard finally began to abate, and the sun peeked through the clouds, the group gathered their tools and prepared to return home. They looked back at the cleared paths and smiled, knowing that their efforts had not been in vain. The ice and snow had been defeated, and the community was once again safe to traverse.This experience taught them the importance of community service and the power of collective action. They learned that even in the face of adversity, people can come together and make a difference. They also realized that every individual effort counts, and that it is only through collaboration and unity that we can overcome challenges and create a better world.As they walked away, their hearts filled with warmth and pride, they knew that they had made a difference. They hoped that their actions would inspire others to do the same and that together, they could create a safer, more connected, and more compassionate community.**暴风雪中的破冰行动：众志成城**在狂风怒号和白雪皑皑中，一群决心坚定的人们冒着暴风雪出发，手持铁铲，心怀决心。
The Impact of Extreme Weather and NaturalDisastersIn recent years, extreme weather and natural disasters have become increasingly frequent and severe, posing a significant threat to human life and the environment. These disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods, can cause massive damage to infrastructure, disrupt economies, and claim numerous lives. The impact of these disasters is felt worldwide, and it is important for us to understand their causes and effects to better prepare for and mitigate their consequences.The causes of extreme weather and natural disasters are complex and vary depending on the specific event. However, climate change is often a contributing factor, as it can lead to more frequent and intense weather events. Rising global temperatures, melting ice caps, and changes in ocean currents can all contribute to the development of extreme weather conditions. In addition, human activity, such as deforestation and urbanization, can also increase the risk of natural disasters by altering the natural environment.The impact of these disasters is profound and far-reaching. Infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and buildings, can be destroyed, leaving communities isolated and in need of urgent assistance. Economies can be crippled as businesses are destroyed and supply chains are disrupted. Lives are lost, and families are left to grapple with the emotional and financial toll of the disaster. The long-term effects of these disasters can include decreased productivity, increased poverty, and social unrest.However, there are steps that we can take to mitigate the impact of extreme weather and natural disasters. Preparedness is key, and communities should develop emergency response plans to ensure that they are able to respond quickly and effectively when a disaster occurs.This includes evacuation routes, emergency shelters, and stockpiling of essential supplies. In addition, we can reduce our vulnerability to these disasters by taking measures to adapt to climate change. This could include investing in renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable land use practices.Individual actions can also help to reduce the impactof disasters. Simple steps such as reducing water usage, recycling, and conserving energy can help to lower our carbon footprint and reduce our vulnerability to extreme weather events. Additionally, we can support organizations that are working to address climate change and promote sustainable development. By working together, we can builda more resilient society that is better prepared to facethe challenges of extreme weather and natural disasters.极端天气和自然灾害的影响近年来，极端天气和自然灾害的频率和严重程度不断增加，对人类生命和环境构成了重大威胁。
The Impact of Extreme Cold and Heavy Rainfall on Local CommunitiesExtreme weather conditions, particularly extreme cold and heavy rainfall, can have profound and far-reaching impacts on local communities. These weather patterns can disrupt daily life, damage infrastructure, and pose significant risks to the health and safety of residents.During extreme cold weather, temperatures can drop to dangerously low levels, creating hazardous conditions for those who must venture outdoors. Frostbite and hypothermia become serious concerns, especially for those who are elderly, young, or have pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, extreme cold can cause pipes to freeze, leading to water supply issues and potential damage to property. Schools and businesses may be forced to close, and transportation systems can be severely disrupted, further affecting the economy and daily life.On the other hand, heavy rainfall can lead to flooding and mudslides, which can destroy homes, roads, and bridges. Floodwaters can contaminate water supplies, leading to health risks and water scarcity issues. Mudslides can buryentire neighborhoods, leaving residents stranded and in need of immediate assistance. Furthermore, heavy rainfall can disrupt power grids, leaving communities in the dark and without essential services.The economic impact of extreme cold and heavy rainfall can be devastating. Crops can be destroyed, leading to food shortages and increased food prices. Tourism can be severely affected, as travelers avoid areas experiencing extreme weather conditions. Businesses may close due to damage or lack of customers, leading to job losses and economic hardship.To mitigate the impacts of extreme cold and heavy rainfall, communities need to prepare and plan ahead. Early warning systems can alert residents to impending weather events, giving them time to take necessary precautions. Stockpiling essential supplies, such as food, water, and medication, can help families weather the storm. Additionally, investing in resilient infrastructure, such as flood-proof roads and bridges, can help minimize damage and speed up recovery efforts.In conclusion, extreme cold and heavy rainfall can have profound and far-reaching impacts on local communities. By preparing and planning ahead, communities can minimize the damage and protect the health and safety of their residents. By working together, we can build more resilient communities that are able to withstand the challenges of extreme weather conditions.**极寒和暴雨天气对当地社区的影响**极端天气条件，特别是极寒和暴雨，可以对当地社区产生深远和广泛的影响。
2009年秋末山西大暴雪天气过程分析田淑欣;田欣辉;亢晋芳;郝建萍;朱保平【摘要】利用高空、地面和卫星云图资料,对2009年11月9-12日山西出现的有气象记录以来最强的一场大暴雪天气过程进行综合分析.结果表明:高空强盛的西南气流和低层东北气流以及地面回流为暴雪过程提供了有利的流场配置,500hPa阶梯槽和700hPa切变线是主要影响系统,低空急流的持续及水汽的辐合为这次暴雪提供了充足的水汽,卫星云图上云顶亮温值小于等于-50℃的低值区与强降雪落区有着很好的对应关系.%A severe snowstorm occurred between 9 and 12 November 2009 in Shanxi Province, which was the strongest snowstorm since meteorological records began. The snowfall in most parts of the province was in the range of 10 to 66 mm, and that at 86 counties (cities) reached the maximum for the same period in history. Both upper-and lower-level meteorological observation data and satellite images were used in the comprehensive analysis of the process. The results show: the strong southwest flow at upper levels,the northeast air at lower levels, and the returnflow on the surface provided jointly a favorable circulation condition for this snowstorm. The 500 hPa trough and 700 hPa shear line were the major influencing systems. The continued moisture convergence from the low-level jet provided sufficient water vapor. In satellite images, the low-value areas with TBB being lower than -50 ℃ and the heavy snow fall areas had a good correspondence relationship.【期刊名称】《气象科技》【年(卷),期】2011(039)003【总页数】7页(P295-301)【关键词】暴雪;低空急流;水汽辐合;云顶亮温【作者】田淑欣;田欣辉;亢晋芳;郝建萍;朱保平【作者单位】山西省气象台,太原030006;山西省太原市气象局,太原030000;山西省太原市小店区气象局,太原030032;山西省气象台,太原030006;山西省气象局,太原030006【正文语种】中文暴雪是山西灾害性天气之一。
