hybrid-hvdc-breaker---an-innovation-breakthrough-for-reliable-hvdc-gridsnov2012
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罗克韦尔-智能马达控制功能之详细讲解一、直接启动1、ARCSHIELDTM 全压不可逆控制器对于要求高级人员保护的行业,罗克韦尔自动化提高了Allen-Bradley®CENTERLINE® 中压控制产品的安全性,包括可选的抗电弧级控制设备。
不同于大多数其它中压供应商,400 和600 安培one-high(单高)控制器和400 安培two-high(双高)控制器既满足ANSI/IEEEC37.20.7 对抗电弧控制的测试要求,同时仍保持国内可靠控制组件的标准,可继续服务于全球工业领域。
2、DEVICENETTM 组态终端(193-DNCT)193-DNCT DeviceNet 组态终端是可用于调试、组态、编程和监测DeviceNet网络上其它设备的手持式设备。
该新模块允许用户查看网络上所有设备,对每个设备的状态进行显示。
此外193-DNCT 可通过网络对DeviceNet 设备上载、存储并下载完整的设备组态。
193-DNCT 还拥有向用户显示DeviceNet 物理层诊断信息和网络带宽统计信息的能力。
3、E1 PLUS 侧面安装模块Allen-Bradley E1 Plus 电子式过载继电器是业界第一款实现自供电的模块化设备。
使用可选的侧面安装附件模块,E1 Plus 过载继电器将得到高性价比的模块扩展和机器操作,并提高了保护性能。
在现有的DeviceNet 模块(193-EDN)和堵转模块(193-EJM)已有性能的基础上,最近公司又推出四个新型的E1 Plus侧面安装模块:E1 Plus 接地故障保护的侧面安装模块(193-EGF)该新型的侧面安装模块具有可调节平衡点的接地故障保护特性,且接地故障电流范围为:20-100 mA、100-500 mA、0.2-1.0 A、1.0-5.0 A。
50 ms ±20 ms 的跳闸延时和动态跳闸禁止。
该模块还具有远程复位功能。
YOUR VISION – OUR SOLUTION5A | EN | Rev.032CPS® – KEY HIGHLIGHTS3 GENERAL CPS® OPERATING PRINCIPLETRANSFORMER PRINCIPLEVAHLE CPS® technology provides electrical energy without any mechan-ical contact. It utilizes the induction principle similar to a transformer‘s primary/secondary transfer. In a transformer, the primary and second-ary windings are on a common, closed ferromagnetic core. CPS® tech-nology, on the other hand, …stretches“ the primary winding to a long loop and places the secondary winding onto an open ferromagnetic core. This allows relative motion of the two windings. The transmission character-istics are optimized by using a high transmission frequency of 20 kHz.CPS®TECHNOLOGY4CPS ® – SYSTEM OVERVIEW1 PPU Primary Unit2 Track Power Litz Cable3 Guidance4 F-PU: Flat PickupPRIMARY EQUIPMENT – OVERVIEWCOMPLETE CABINET 45 KW / 11 KW• Cabinet ready for use• Technical design depending on installed system • Design according to customer specifications• Several cabinets can be interconnected for large systems with a high power requirementsMOUNTING PLATE 45 KW / 11 KW• All 20 kHz CPS ® components are pre-mounted and completely wired • Installation in an existing power switch cabinet • Supply with 400 V, three-phase alternating current • 20 kHz output for supplying the primary loopCABINET PRIMARY INVERTERAs the centerpiece of the contactless power supply, the primary inverter delivers the required electrical power for all mobile consumers located on the track. Standard three-phase alternating current of 400 V / 50 Hz (or different regional standards) is initially converted to single-phase alternating current of 20 kHz and then fed to the primary cable at a constant current of 70 A. A suitable diagnostics interface is available for displaying or moni-toring the actual operating condition.42135PRIMARY POWER UNITPPU45K – 45 KWTECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPower (nominal/peak) ...........8.8 kW / 11 kW (PPU11K)Power (nominal/peak) ...........36 kW / 45 kW (PPU45K)Supply voltage ........................3 x 400 VACMECHANICAL DATADimension............................... 2000 x 1200 x 500 mm + 200 m socket(complete cabinet)1900 x 700 mm (mounting plate)Temperature range ................0 – 30°CProtection Type ....................... I P54 (complete cabinet)IP00 (mounting plate)Mounting plateComplete cabinet PL8x4PPU45k.2-020-072-A-IO Primary power unit 45 kW / Feed-through terminal for standard application / 20 kHz / 72 A / Stand alone / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included 10022801PPU45k.2-020-072-M-IO Primary power unit 45 kW / Feed-through terminal for standard application / 20 kHz / 72 A / Sync-Master / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included 10022821PPU45k.2-020-072-U-IO Primary power unit 45 kW / Feed-through terminal for standard application / 20 kHz / 72 A / Sync-Sub-Slave / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included 10022807PPU45k.2-020-072-S-IOPrimary power unit 45 kW / Feed-through terminal for standard application / 20 kHz / 72 A / Sync-Slave / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included10022808RANGE OF PRODUCTSDescriptionOrder No.P-SK-0220NF-0400-015-028-300-000-0-000+VTuning-Compensation for PPU15..28X220NF 0915125-9 P-SK-0150NF-0600-015-028-300-000-0-000+VTuning-Compensation for PPU15..28X150NF 0915125-8 P-SK-0100NF-0600-015-028-300-000-0-000+VTuning-Compensation for PPU15..28X100NF 0915125-7 P-SK-0068NF-0650-015-028-300-000-0-000+VTuning-Compensation for PPU15..28X68NF 0915125-6 P-SK-0047NF-0650-015-028-300-000-0-000+VTuning-Compensation for PPU15...28X47NF0915125-5TRACK COMPENSATION (MOUNTING PLATE)RANGE OF PRODUCTSDescription Order No.124 AHF50PPU11k.1-020-124-A-IO Primary power unit 11 kW / Terminal screw for standard application / 20 kHz / 124 A / Stand alone / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included10022809PPU11k.1-020-124-M-IO Primary power unit 11 kW / Terminal screw for standard application / 20 kHz / 124 A / Sync-Master / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included10022810PPU11k.1-020-124-U-IO Primary power unit 11 kW / Terminal screw for standard application / 20 kHz / 124 A / Sync-Sub-Slave / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included 10022811PPU11k.1-020-124-S-IOPrimary power unit 11 kW / Terminal screw for standard application / 20 kHz / 124 A / Sync-Slave / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included1002281272 AHF25PPU11k.1-020-072-A-IO Primary power unit 11 kW / Terminal screw for standard application / 20 kHz / 72 A / Stand alone / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included10022813PPU11k.1-020-072-M-IO Primary power unit 11 kW / Terminal screw for standard application / 20 kHz / 72 A / Sync-Master / Digital IOs / Track compensation not included100228147 PRIMARY EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONThe primary inverter units shown here are generally suitable for all areas of application indicated in this catalog. From a technical and economical aspect, an optimum adaptation to the respective conditions of a specific installation is assured due to an available, wide-ranging performance grading scale. Whether a complete cabinet is needed or a mounting plate – our experienced project team will always be glad to help you selecting the best suitable components.Primary equipment can be configured for installations with one segment (stand alone) or for installations with several segments.A system with two segments consists of a master unit and a slave unit. A system with more than two segments consists of a master unit, sub-slave units and a slave unit.Examples: S ystem with two segments: 1 x master and 1 x slave.System with four segments: 1 x master, 2 x sub-slave and 1 x slaveCONFIGURATION FOR 124 ACONFIGURATION FOR 72 ASystem with one segment System with several segmentsStand alone Stand alone PU22Master Sub-Slave SlavePrimary cable HF50PPU45k.1-020-124-A-IO PPU45k.3-020-124-A-IO PPU45k.1-020-124-M-IO PPU45k.1-020-124-U-IO PPU45k.1-020-124-S-IO PPU11k.1-020-124-A-IO PPU11k.1-020-124-M-IO PPU11k.1-020-124-U-IO PPU11k.1-020-124-S-IOF-Pickup E-Pickup F-Pickup F-Pickup F-PickupU-Pickup U-Pickup U-Pickup U-PickupPrimary cable PL8x4PPU45k.2-020-072-A-IO PPU45k.2-020-072-M-IO PPU45k.2-020-072-U-IO PPU45k.2-020-072-S-IOPPU11k.2-020-072-A-IO PPU11k.2-020-072-M-IO PPU11k.2-020-072-U-IO PPU11k.2-020-072-S-IO F-Pickup system F-Pickup system F-Pickup system F-Pickup system8TRACK EQUIPMENTTrack Power Compensation BoxTRACK COMPENSATION KB 10.1Dimensions (L x W x H) ............194 x 154 x 100Protection Type .......................IP65Weight .....................................1.5 kg Track current ..........................72 ATRACK COMPENSATION KB 10.4Dimensions (L x W x H) ............2x 440 x 156 x 110Protection Type .......................IP54Weight .....................................4 kg Track current ..........................124 ATRACK COMPENSATION• Compact design• Positioning near track possible • A box is required every 33 to 44 mPRIMARY CABLEPRIMARY CABLE HF 25Application ..............................EMS Diameter .................................11 mm Weight .....................................0.28 kg/m• For EMS and sortation technology applications• Special conductor made of single insulated copper braid • Small outside diameterPRIMARY CABLE HF 50Application ................ F loor skid conveyor/crane installationsDiameter .................................16.5 mm Weight .....................................0.56 kg/m• For very long track sections • Special conductor made of single insulated copper braid• Very low power loss due to large conductor cross sectionPRIMARY CABLE 8 X 4Application ................Floor skid conveyor Diameter .................................15.7 mm Weight .....................................0.49 kg/m• For standard applications • Single insulated copper conductors • Easy installation with standard cable tools10VEHICLE EQUIPMENT FOR 24 V / 27 VF-PICKUP PS08 WITH INTEGRATED REGULATORDescriptionOrder No.PS08-0027V019AD-00000000-1C103-00310+VPS08 / 0.5 kW / 20 kHz / Track conductor spacing 80 mm / integrated Regulator / 27 VDC / 19 A max / Battery Charging 0915429-3E21PS08-0600W024VD-00000000-1C102-00300+V PS08 / 0.6 kW / 20 kHz / Track conductor spacing 80 mm /integrated Regulator / 24 VDC / 25 A max0915429-1A11AL-5X2,5Cable connection between PS08 and external applicationsee page 22RANGE OF PRODUCTSBLOCK DIAGRAMDC-OUTPUTDIMENSIONS TECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPeak power .............................0.6 / 0.5 kWNominal power .......................0.35 kWOutput voltage ........................24 / 27 VDC ±5 %Output current max ................25 / 19 ADuty cycle ................................depending on coolingTrack current ..........................72 ATrack frequency ......................20 kHzTrack conductor spacing ........80 mmPROTECTIONOutput over current ................YesMax. reverse voltage ..............30 VDCPICKUP SYSTEM MECHANICAL DATA Dimension...............................310 x 210 x 133 mmMounting holes.......................120 x 290 mm / 160 x 190 mm Weight .....................................12.8 kgNominal airgap .......................20 mmVertical tolerances .................−20 mm @ 100%, +10 mm derating Lateral tolerances ..................±15 mm @ 100%, ±30 mm derating Protection rating .....................I P20 with open plug connectionIP54 with plug connected Ambient temperature .............0 ... +30°C non-condensing Environment ...........................General industrialCooling ....................................Natural convectionVEHICLE EQUIPMENT FOR 24 V / 28.2 V / 56.2 VF-PICKUP PS27.1 WITH INTEGRATED REGULATORRANGE OF PRODUCTSBLOCK DIAGRAMDC-OUTPUTDescriptionOrder No.PS27.1-1000W024VD-00000000-1A002-0030L+VPS27.1 / 1 kW / 20 kHz / Track conductor spacing 100 mm / integrated Regulator / 24 VDC / 42 A max10011549PS27.1-28.2V036AD-00000000-1B002-0031L+VPS27.1 / 1 kW / 20 kHz / Track conductor spacing 100 mm / integrated Regulator / 28.2 VDC / 36 A max. / Battery Charging 10014177PS27.1-56.2V020AD-00000000-1B002-0031L+V PS27.1 / 1 kW / 20 kHz / Track conductor spacing 100 mm / integrated Regulator / 56.2 VDC / 20 A / Battery Charging 10014214AL-7G2,5Cable connection between PS27.1 and external applicationsee page 22DIMENSIONS TECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPeak power .............................1 kW (10 s)Nominal power .......................0.6 kWOutput voltage ........................24 / 28.2 / 56.2 VDC ±10 %Output current max ................46.5 / 40 / 20 ADuty cycle ................................40 % Duty (10 min cycle)Track current ..........................72 ATrack frequency ......................20 kHzTrack conductor spacing ........100 mmPROTECTIONOutput over current ................YesMax. reverse voltage ..............30 VDCPICKUP SYSTEM MECHANICAL DATA Dimension...............................405 x 245 x 142 mmMounting holes.......................225 x 280 mmWeight .....................................16 kgNominal airgap .......................15 mmVertical tolerances .................−15 mm @ 100%, +20 mm derating Lateral tolerances ..................±30 mm deratingProtection rating .....................I P20 with open plug connectionIP54 with plug connected Ambient temperature .............0 ... +30°C non-condensing Environment ...........................General industrialCooling ....................................Natural convectionVEHICLE EQUIPMENT FOR 560 VF-PICKUP F330 AND REGULATOR RE330RANGE OF PRODUCTSBLOCK DIAGRAMDC-OUTPUTREADYDescriptionOrder No.vPOW_F330.1-020-124-04-L0-HV F330 / 3.3 kW / 20 kHz / 124 A / Duty 40 % / Linear 10017749vPOW_RE330.1-020-560-04-NI-ST-RC-NI Regulator / 3.3 kW / 20 kHz / 560 V / Duty 40 % /No thermal monitoring / LITE / Relay contact / No Auxiliary 10017419PX12Cable connection between F330 and RE330see page 22DIMENSIONSTECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPeak power .............................3.3 kW Nominal power .......................1.3 kW Output voltage ........................560 VDC ±5 %Output current max ................6.5 ADuty cycle ................................40 % duty (10 min cycle)Track current ..........................124 A Track frequency ......................20 kHz Track conductor spacing ........100 mm PROTECTIONOutput over voltage ................Yes Output over current ................Yes Max. reverse voltage ..............750 VDCREGULATOR MECHANICAL DATADimension...............................190 x 120 x 87.4 mm Mounting holes.......................180.5 x 80 mm Weight .....................................1 kg Protection rating .....................IP20Ambient temperature .............0 ... +40°C non-condensing Environment ...........................General industrial Cooling ....................................Forced convectionPICKUP CONNECTION CABLELength .....................................1/2/4/6 m Outer diameter .......................11 mm Connections ............................Pre-terminated Application ..............................Flexible Min. bending radius ...............50 mmVEHICLE EQUIPMENT FOR 48 VU-PICKUP PK31 AND REGULATOR RE080DescriptionOrder No.PK31 -0900W110VA-VLPK1000-19I00-8000K+VPK31 / 900 W / 20 kHz / Nominal power 400 W / 1 m connecting cable 10020600RE080.1-20-048-03-UC-LI-NI-NI Regulator / 0.8 kW / 20 kHz / Duty 30 % / 48 V / Thermal monitoring / LITE / Relay contact / No Auxiliary10021229AL-3G4Cable connection between RE080 and external applicationsee page 22RANGE OF PRODUCTSBLOCK DIAGRAMDC-OUTPUT 1DC-OUTPUT 2USBDIMENSIONS TECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPeak power .............................0.8 kW (5 s)Nominal power .......................0.26 kWOutput voltage ........................48 VDC ±5 %Output current max ................18 ADuty cycle ................................30 % (10 min cycle)Track current ..........................72 ATrack frequency ......................20 kHzTrack conductor spacing ........67 mmPROTECTIONOutput over voltage ................YesOutput over current ................YesOver temperature ...................YesREGULATOR MECHANICAL DATA Dimension...............................304 x 220 x 94.5 mm Mounting holes.......................204 x 175 mmWeight .....................................3.7 kgProtection rating .....................I P20 with open plug connectionIP54 with plug connected Ambient temperature .............5 ... +40°C non-condensing Environment ...........................General industrialCooling ....................................Natural convectionPICKUP CONNECTION CABLELength .....................................1 mOuter diameter .......................11.2 mmConnections ............................Pre-terminatedApplication ..............................FlexibleMin. bending radius ...............40 mmPICKUP MECHANICAL DATA Dimension...............................114 x 75 x 89.4 mm Mounting holes.......................86 x 47 mmWeight .....................................1.6 kgNominal airgap .......................12.5 mmVertical tolerances .................±3 mmLateral tolerances ..................+4 / −12.5mm @ 100%VEHICLE EQUIPMENT FOR 560 VE-PICKUP PUE4 AND REGULATOR RE55RANGE OF PRODUCTSBLOCK DIAGRAMDC-OUTPUTTEMPERATURE WARNINGDescriptionOrder No.PUE4-4000W270VA-00000000-12E00-00E00+VPUE4 / 4 kW / 20 kHz / Nominal power 3.2 kW / 200 mm connecting cable 10005185RE55.1-5500W560VD-000W00VD-11014-0030X+V RE55.1 / 5.5 kW / 20 kHz / 560 VDC 10016225VL-7G2,5Cable connections between PUE4 and RE55see page 22DIMENSIONS TECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPeak power .............................4 kW (5 s)Nominal power .......................1.3 kWOutput voltage ........................560 VDC ±10 %Output current max ................8 ADuty cycle ................................30 % (10 min cycle)Track current ..........................72 ATrack frequency ......................20 kHzTrack conductor spacing ........84 mmPROTECTIONOutput over current ................YesMax. reverse voltage ..............800 VDCREGULATOR MECHANICAL DATA Dimension...............................282 x 247 x 169 mm Mounting holes.......................215 x 214 mmWeight .....................................7.2 kgProtection rating .....................I P20 with open plug connectionIP54 with plug connected Ambient temperature .............5 ... +40°C non-condensing Environment ...........................General industrialCooling ....................................Natural convectionPICKUP CONNECTION CABLELength .....................................0.2/1/2/3/4.5 mVEHICLE EQUIPMENT FOR 288 V / 560 VE-PICKUP PU22 AND REGULATOR RE22RANGE OF PRODUCTSBLOCK DIAGRAMDC-OUTPUT 1DC-OUTPUT 2DescriptionOrder No.PU22-022KW310VA-00000000-00000-00C00+VPU22 / 22 kW / 20 kHz / Mounting on narrow side 0915007-120PU22-022KW310VA-00000000-00000-00D00+VPU22 / 22 kW / 20 kHz / Mounting on long side0915007-220RE22-040KW288VD-1K6W24VD-25A11-13400+VRE22 / 40 kW / 20 kHz / 2 x PU22 / 288 VDC / Auxilliary / 1.6 kW / 24 VDC 0915011-0218RE22-040KW560VD-960W24VD-25A00-00400+V RE22 / 40 kW / 20 kHz / 2 x PU22 / 560 VDC / Auxilliary / 0.19 kW / 24 VDC 0915011-0200AL-5G16Cable connections between PU22 and RE22see page 2221DIMENSIONSTECHNICAL DATAELECTRICAL DATAPeak power .............................22 / 40 kW * (10 s)Nominal power .......................10 / 25 kW *Output voltage ........................288 / 560 VDC ±10 %Output current max ................155 / 80 A Track current ..........................124 A Track frequency ......................20 kHz Track conductor spacing ........133 mmPROTECTIONOutput over voltage ................Yes Output over current ................YesREGULATOR ELECTRONIC MECHANICAL DATADimension...............................328 x 660 x 290 mm Mounting holes.......................200 x 630 mm Weight .....................................31.5 kg Protection rating .....................IP20Ambient temperature .............0 ... +30°C non-condensing Environment ...........................General industrial Cooling ....................................Forced convectionVariant PU22 xxx-120Power CablesPAUL VAHLE GmbH & Co. KGWesticker Str. 5259174 Kamen Germany Phone: +49 2307 704-0*************VAHLE Incorporated 407 Cane Island Pkwy Katy, TX, 77494, USA Phone: +1 713-465-9796 ******************connect with us! @vahleincW 1103931/00/e n | 0 | R e v .03 | 03/20 | E r r o r s a n d t e c h n i c a l m o d i f i c a t i o n s s u b j e c t t o c h a n g e .。
文章编号:1674-0629(2015)02-0009-07中图分类号:TM721.1文献标志码:A DOI:10.13648/ki.issn1674-0629.2015.02.002直流断路器技术发展综述何俊佳,袁召,赵文婷,方帅,喻新林,潘垣(华中科技大学强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074)摘要:柔性直流输电和多端直流电网对能够快速开断大电流、可靠性和经济性好的高压直流断路器有日益迫切的需求。
综述了直流断路器的拓扑形式,分析了机械、全固态及混合式等直流开断方式的特点及适用场合,指出混合式强制换流方案、机械式预充电人工过零方案更易满足高压大容量直流系统的高速开断要求。
提出混合式直流断路器的研制重点在于提高机械开关的操动速度,减少元件数,提高可靠性与经济性;机械式直流断路器应重点关注详细拓扑、机械开关灭弧单元在人工零点下的极限开断能力、振荡回路参数优化和快速机构的研制。
关键词:多端直流输电;高压直流断路器;人工过零点;混合型断路器Review of DC Circuit Breaker Technology DevelopmentHE Junjia,YUAN Zhao,ZHAO Wenting,FANG Shuai,YU Xinlin,PAN Yuan (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,Huazhong University of Science andTechnology,Wuhan430074,China)Abstract:HVDC circuit breakers whth ability to interrupt large DC fault current in a very short period of time and high reliability and e-conomics are urgently needed for flexible DC power transmission and multiterminal DC grid.In this paper,DC circuit breakers including the mechanical,all-solid-state and hybrid ones are reviewed,their advantages and disadvantages,as well as application scopes are ana-lyzed.It is concluded that hybrid constraint circuit breakers and mechanical pre-charged artificial current zero point circuit breakers are more likely to meet the requirements.For the former,it should be in focus to increase the operation speed,optimize the structure,en-hance the reliability and economic effectiveness;and for the latter,more attentions should be paid in detailed topoloty,maximum breaking current of the mechanical switch at the artificial current zero point,parameter optimization of tank circuit,and high speed mechanism.Key words:multiterminal DC transmission;HVDC circuit breaker;artificial current zero point;hybrid DC circuit breaker0引言近年来,高压直流输电以其独特的优势得到了广泛的重视和应用[1]。
DESCRIPTIONVLA542 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed for driving n-channel IGBT modules in any gate-amplifier application. This device operates as an isolation amplifier for these modules and provides the required electrical isolation between the input and output with an opto-coupler. Recommended IGBT modules:V CES = 600V series up to 600A class V CES = 1200V series up to 400A classFEATURES•Electrical isolation between input and output with opto-coupler (Viso = 2500Vrms for 1minute) •Two supply driver topology•Built-in short circuit protection circuit(With a pin for fault out) •CMOS compatible input interfaceAPPLICATIONSTo drive IGBT modules for inverter or AC servo systems applicationMAXIMUM RATINGS (unless otherwise noted, Ta=25°C)Symbol Parameter ConditionsRatings Unit V CC Supply voltage DC18 V V EE -15 V V I Input signal voltage Applied between; 13pin and 14pin 50% duty cycle, pulse width 1ms -1 ~ +7 V V O Output voltage When the output voltage is “H” V CCVI OHP Output peak current Pulse width 2us-5 A I OLP 5 A Viso Isolation voltage Sine wave voltage 60Hz, for 1minute2500 Vrms T C Case temperature -95 °C Topr Operating temperature No condensation allowable -20 ~ +70 °C Tstg Storage temperature No condensation allowable -40 ~ +100 (*1)°C I FO Fault output current Applied 8pin 20 mA V R1Input voltage at 1pinApplied 1pin50V(*1) Differs from H/C conditionELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (unless otherwise noted, Ta=25°C, V CC = 15V, V EE = -10V, RG = 3.3 ohm)Symbol Parameter ConditionsLimitsUnitMin Typ Max V CCSupply voltageRecommended range 14 15 17V V EE -7 - -12V V IN Pull-up voltage on primary side Recommended range 4.75 5 5.25 V I IH “H” input signal current Recommended range 10 13 16 mA f Switching frequency Recommended range - - 20 kHz R G Gate resistance Recommended range 2 - - ohm I IH “H” input signal current V IN = 5V- 13 - mAV OH “H” output voltage - 13 14 - V V OL “L” output voltage --8 -9 - V t PLH “L-H” propagation time IIH=13mA 0.2 0.4 1 µs t r “L-H” rise timeIIH=13mA - 0.4 1 µs t PHL “H-L” propagation time IIH=13mA 0.2 0.4 1 µs t f“H-L” fall timeIIH=13mA-0.31µst timer Timer Between start and cancel (under input signal “OFF”) 1 - 2 ms I FO Fault output currentApplied 8pin, R = 4.7k ohm-5-mAt trip1 Controlled time detect short circuit 1 Pin1: 15V and more, Pin2:open- 2.6 - µs t trip2 Controlled time detect short circuit 2 (*2) Pin1: 15V and more, Pin2-4:10pF (connective capacitance) - 3 - µs V SCSC detect voltageCollector voltage of IGBT module15 -- V(*2) Length of wiring of capacitor controlled time detect short-circuit is within 5cm from pin2 and pin4 coming and going.DEFINITION OF CHARACTERISTICS(1) SWITCHING OPERATION(2) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTIONInput signal VI Output VO8pin outputPERFORMANCE CURVES012345678020406080100C O N T R O L L ED T I ME D E T E C T S H O R T C I R C U I T t t r i p (μs )CONNECTIVE CAPACITANCE C trip (pF)(Pin : 2-4)t trip -C trip CHARACTERISTICS(TYPICAL)VCC=15V VEE=-10V Ta=25℃0123456-2020406080C O N T R O L L ED T I ME D E T E C T S H O R T C I R C U I T t t r i p 1,t t r i p 2(μs )AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Ta(℃)t trip1,t trip2-Ta CHARACTERISTICS(TYPICAL)V CC =15V V EE =-10Vt trip2:C trip =10pFt trip1:C trip =000.20.40.60.813.544.555.56P R O P A G A T I O N D E L A Y T I M E "L -H "t P L H (μs )P R O P A G A T I O N D E L A Y T I M E "H -L "t P H L (μs )INPUT SIGNAL VOLTAGE V I (V)t PLH ,t PHL -V I CHARACTERISTICS(TYPICAL)VCC=15V VEE=-10V RG=3.3ΩTa=25℃Load:CM400DY-24NFt PLHt PHL01234520406080100P O W E R D I S S I P A T I O N P D (W )AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Ta(℃)POWER DISSIPATION -AMBIENT TEMPERATURECHARACTERISTICS (MAXIMUM RATING)RG=2.0Ω(INCLUDING THE POWER DISSIPATION OF RG )1020010********C O N S U M P T I O N C U R R E N T (m A )SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)(Pin : 4-6)DISSIPATION CURRENT -SUPPLY VOLTAGE (Pin : 4-6)INPUT SIGNAL"L"(TYPICAL)Ta=25℃00.20.40.60.81-2020406080P R O P A G A T I O N D E L A Y T I M E "L -H "t P L H (μs )P R O P A G A T I O N D E L A Y T I M E "H -L "t P H L (μs )AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Ta(℃)t PLH ,t PHL -Ta CHARACTERISTICS(TYPICAL)VCC=15V VEE=-10V RG=3.3ΩVIN=5VLoad:CM400DY-24NFt PLHt PHLV CC = 15V V EE = 10VCtrip = 0 ~ 47pF (Rough guide , 50V,ceramic) D1: Fast recovery diode (trr ≤ 0.2us) RP1H (SanKen) etc.PRECAUTION(1) Voltage compensate capacitors are expected to be locatedas close as possible from the hybrid IC.(1) D1 requires approximately the same voltage of power modules. (2) If reverse recovery time of D1 is long, pin1 is applied high voltage. In that case, counterplan for protection which insert a zenerdiode between pin 1 and 6 is necessary like above diagram. (3) In case pin 2 is operating, the Ctrip is expected to be wiredas close as possible from pin 2 and pin 4. (Less than 5cm coming and going)APPLICATION EXAMPLE OF SINGLE POWER SUPPLYV CC = 24V DZ2 : 8.2V , 1/2W R : 2.7k ~3.3kohmOPERATION OF PROTECTION CIRCUIT APPLICATION CIRCUIT EXAMPLEOPERATION FLOW ON DETECTING SHORTCIRCUIT(1) In case the gate voltage is “H” and the collector voltage ishigh, this hybrid IC will recognize the circuit as short circuit and immediately reduce the gate voltage. Besides, put out an error signal (”L”) which inform that protection circuit is operating at the same time from pin8. (2) The protection circuit reset and resort to ordinary conditionif input signal is “OFF” when the premised 1~2msec passed. ( “OFF” period needs 10us or more )(3) When the output rises, the controlled time detect shortcircuit (Typ 2.6us) is set up so that on-time of IGBT can be secured properly.It is possible to adjust that time by connecting the capacitor (Ctrip) between pin2 and 4.(*) Output voltage with protection circuit operating is about -lVEEl+2VFOR SAFETY USINGGreat detail and careful attention are given to the production activity of Hics, such as the development, the quality of production, and in it’s reliability. However the reliability of Hics depends not only on their own factors but also in their condition of usage. When handling Hics, please note the following cautions.CAUTIONSPackingCarrying Storage Extended storageMaximum ratings PolarityThe materials used in packing Hics can only withstand normal external conditions.When exposed to outside shocks, rain and certain environmental contaminators, the packing materials will deteriorates. Please take care in handling.1) Don’t stack boxes too high. Avoid placing heavy materials on boxes.2) Boxes must be positioned correctly during transportation to avoid breakage.3) Don't throw or drop boxes.4) Keep boxes dry. Avoid rain or snow.5) Minimal vibration and shock during transportation is desirable.When storing Hics, please observe the following notices or possible deterioration of their electrical characteristics, risk of solder ability, and external damage may occur.1) Devices must be stored where fluctuation of temperature and humidity is minimal, and must notbe exposed to direct sunlight. Store at the normal temperature of 5 to 30 degrees Celsius with humidity at 40 to 60%.2) Avoid locations where corrosive gasses are generated or where much dust accumulates.3) Storage cases must be static proof.4) Avoid putting weight on boxes.When extended storage is necessary, Hics must be kept non-processed. When using Hics which have been stored for more than one year or under severe conditions, be sure to check that the exterior is free from flaw and other damages.To prevent any electrical damages, use Hics within the maximum ratings. The temperature, current, voltage, etc. must not exceed these conditions.To protect Hics from destruction and deterioration due to wrong insertion, make sure of polarity in inserting leads into the board holes, conforming to the external view for the terminal arrangement.。
艾普斯ASU 在線式不斷電系統◇高品質1. Double Conversion - 真正在線式不斷電系統, 零轉換時間2. 採用IGBT / PWM先進設計,體積小,噪音低,高信賴性.3. 微電腦控制,反應快速、準確4. 純淨正弦波輸出5. 高輸入功率因數, 真正綠色電源6. 輸入功因修正, 載滿載情況下會自動修正, 可達到0.95以上◇超安全1. 具直流啟動功能, 即使停電情況下亦能以電池緊急啟動並使用2. 具有防電擊, 突波電壓, 及抗靜電之保護功能3. 防止輸入諧波及脈衝雜訊干擾4. 可防止電池波輻射與射頻干擾,符合 EN50091-2 & IEC61000-4 標准5. 具過載保護能力◇高彈性1. 高可靠性的並聯冗餘(Redunance)系統 (最多可並聯3部UPS - 6KVA & 20KVA 機型)2. RS-232 / NOVELL / AS400 通訊介面, 搭配網管卡可支援HTTP / SNMP等多種通訊協定3. 搭配監控軟體可支援Win98, 2000, XP, NT 及Linux作業系統4. 超大輸入電壓範圍,可與主要品牌的發電機搭配使用5. 可接PF=0.8的感性負載6. 自動啟動功能,備用關機後, 在市電正常時, 會自動啟動開機◇超簡單1. 採用閥控式鉛酸免保養電池, 可依顧客需求延長電池設備使用時間及增加電池數。
2. LED/LCD指示面板,工作狀態一目了然。
3. 體積小重量輕,省力、省空間。
規格說明1. 其他電壓規格的重量及尺寸有異, 請洽詢本公司相關人員2 電池備用時間,可依顧客需求延長,詳細規格請洽詢本公司相關人員3. 一年保固期4. 規格不斷研發改進, 變更恕不另行通知。
CONTENTSCompactRIO Single-Board ControllersDetailed View of sbRIO-9627Key FeaturesIntegrated SoftwareDeployment-Ready HardwareRIO Mezzanine Card (RMC) Connectors Development Kit Contents and Additional Accessories Platform-Based Approach to Control and Monitoring Hardware ServicesCompactRIO Single-Board ControllerssbRIO-9607, sbRIO-9627, and sbRIO-9637•Single-board computer (SBC) with an integrated and fully validated middleware solution saves design time and risk•Deployment-ready Linux Real-Time OS with a large set of validated drivers•Industrial-grade Zynq-7020 All Programmable SoC with 220 DSP blocks•Rugged design for long-term deployment in harsh, high temperature, high EMC environments •Backed by NI’s 15-year hardware product lifecycle•Graphical development platform eliminates the need for HDL expertise to use reconfigurable FPGA hardwareBuilt for Accelerated Custom Embedded DesignThe CompactRIO Single-Board Controller is an embedded control system for rapid commercial development and deployment.It is designed for high-volume and OEM embedded control and analysis applications that require high performance and reliability. Featuring an open embedded architecture and compact size, this flexible, customizable, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware device is part of an accelerated custom design platform that can help you get your custom embedded control system to market quickly.With the CompactRIO platform, you can take advantage of FPGA performance, real-time determinism, and reliability with relatively low nonrecurring engineering compared with custom hardware design.Description Digital I/O Multifunction I/O Processor 667 MHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9RTOS NI Linux Real-TimeFPGA Xilinx Zynq-7000 (Z-7020)Temperature -40 °C to 85 °C local ambientPower 9 V- 30 V DC supply range, up to 29 W maxEthernet11/2 1/2 1RS23211/5 2/6 2RS48510/2 1/3 1 CAN11/2 1/3 1 USB11/2 1/2 1SD10/1 1/2 1 Digital I/O 96 100 28 Analog Input - 16 ch, 16-bit 16 ch, 16-bit Analog Output - 4 ch, 16-bit 4 ch, 16-bit High-Density Connector RMC (96 DIO) RMC (96 DIO) -1Built-in/total equals the built-in onboard ports versus total available ports when using a high-density RMC connector. Detailed View of sbRIO-9627Key FeaturesIntegrated and Validated Middleware SolutionCompactRIO Single-Board Controllers are shipped with a complete and validated middleware solution, including the NI Linux Real-Time OS, drivers, and support for multiple programming languages. The complete solution provides out-of-the-box support for peripherals such as USB or Ethernet, the communication interface between the processor and FPGA, and drivers to onboard and modular I/O. The complete integrated software solution reduces the time and risk of a new project, and gives your team the ability to focus on the application development.Figure 1. Complete Deployment-Ready Software Stack Heterogeneous ArchitectureCompactRIO Single-Board Controllers feature an All-Programmable System on Chip (SoC) that contains two processing units: (1) a real-time processor for communication and signal processing and (2) an FPGA for implementing high-speed control and custom timing and triggering directly in hardware.Figure 2. Use the heterogeneous architecture of CompactRIO to meet your processing needs. ProcessorThe Zynq-7020 contains a 667 MHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor for high performance with lower power consumption.FPGAThe Artix-7 FPGA fabric (Zynq-7000 SoC) contains 85,000 logic cells and 220 DSP slices. With FPGA technology, you can implement more advanced control, signal processing, filtering, advanced timing, and other logic than ever before.Integrated SoftwareDefine—and redefine—the functionality of your CompactRIO system with intuitive software, and use a single toolchain for every phase of your design cycle: from modeling and simulation, to prototyping and validation, to deployment and beyond. NI software reduces risk, enhances productivity, and eliminates the need to create and maintain I/O drivers, OSs, and other middleware.Figure 3. Intuitive and Cohesive Software Programming EnvironmentReduced Development TimeFocus on solving problems, not low-level programming tasks, with built-in constructs to manage timing and memory in an intuitive programming environmentOpen Software InteroperabilityLeverage other programming approaches alongside or within LabVIEW to reuse IP and take advantage of existing expertise.Built-In LibrariesLabVIEW contains nearly 1,000 built-in signal processing, analysis, control, and mathematics functions to accelerate the development of embedded control and monitoring systems. User-Programmable FPGAImplement high-speed signal and image processing, custom timing and triggering, and control algorithms directly in hardwareto maximize reliability and determinism.Remote System ManagementTransfer data between systems or remotely update hundreds of controllers at once with built-in system management utilities.LabVIEW Tools NetworkExtend the capabilities of your system with a vast ecosystem of certified, application-specific add-ons.Leverage the Openness of NI Linux Real-Time: A Prebuilt, Validated RTOS Development Tool OptionsProgram the real-time processor with LabVIEW, C/C++, or textural math and reuse code from past projects to save development time.Linux EcosystemAccess thousands of open-source applications, IP, and examples and collaborate with an active community of users and developers.SecurityBoost security and reliability with native support for Security-Enhanced Linux, which delivers mandatory access control through custom policy creation.Figure 4. NI Linux Real-Time targets allow you to develop, deploy, and debug C/C++ code using Eclipse or your IDEof choiceCustomize Programmable Hardware With LabVIEW FPGATake advantage of the graphical LabVIEW environment to program the onboard FPGA and unlock the incredible power of these devices—even without any knowledge of hardware description languages (HDLs) like VHDL or Verilog. The LabVIEW FPGA Module not only removes the requirement for HDL programming, but also eliminates the need to think through timing constraints, I/O configuration, and place and route settings, which are notoriously complex tasks.•Built-in language constructs to manage clocks/timing, memory, I/O, and datatransfer (DMA)•Cycle-accurate simulation anddebugging capabilities•Cloud compile support to reduce compile times •Support for HDL code integration •Access to free IP for complexmathematics, high-speed control, image processing, signal analysis, and more in the FPGA IPNet communityDeployment-Ready HardwareModern, high-end embedded design is challenging. When you consider high clock-rate CPUs, FPGAs, complex DRAM interfacing, and high-density chips with high-speed analog and digital I/O, getting a product out the door that is certified for real-world, harsh industrial environments becomes more complicated.NI embraces a demanding approach to how it designs, develops, validates, qualifies and certifies its products. By leveraging and re-using NI products, customers increase their efficiency while reducing costs, time, and risk and retain the capability to customize and innovate to differentiate themselves in the marketplace.Table 1. Best-in-Class Quality for Industrial Embedded ApplicationsSafety StandardsNorth AmericaUL 61010-1 and CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1Europe EN 61010-1International IEC 61010-1EMC StandardsNorth AmericaFCC Part15-Class A and ICES-001Europe EN 61326-1Australia/New Zealand AS/NZS CISPR 11NI uses industry standards to validate, qualify, and certify its products. Its New Product Introduction process is certified for the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards, and its CompactRIO Single-Board Controllers are certified as shown in Table 1.In addition, all NI board-level controllers undergo the same test procedures as NI’s packaged controllers for shock and vibration, temperature, EMC, safety, and hazardous locations. Many of these certifications require an appropriate enclosure to obtain, but CompactRIO Single-Board Controllers have been tested to comply with these standards. Therefore, when you integrate CompactRIO Single-Board Controllers appropriately in your design, you can be confident that your end product is certifiable.KCC: Korean EMC CertificationUL: North American Product Safety CertificationRoHS: Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous SubstancesRIO Mezzanine Card (RMC) ConnectorsThe RMC connector is a high-density, high-throughput connector that features 96 single-ended DIO lines directly connected to the FPGA.Board-Only C Series ModulesSave time by integrating high-quality off-the-shelf I/O using C Series modules. CompactRIO Single-Board Controllers that feature an RMC connector can integrate up to two C Series modules with the 2-slot C Series RMC .C Series modules provide measurement-specific signal conditioning, bank or channel-to-channelisolation, and support for wide temperature ranges to meet a variety of application and environmental needs. With more than 100 C Series modules available for measurement, control, and communication, you can connect your application to any sensor or bus.RIO Mezzanine CardDigital I/O Breakout RMC NI 9694The sbRIO-9607 and sbRIO-9627 controllers include a high-density, high-throughput RMC connector that features 96 single-ended digital I/O (DIO) lines directly connected to the FPGA with the ability to add up to two C Series modules and more peripherals.Analog and Digital I/O RMC NI 9684, NI 9683These RMCs come bundled with the sbRIO-9607 as part of the CompactRIO General Purpose Inverter Controller (GPIC), but you can purchase is separately as well.They contain 16 high-speed simultaneous analog inputs, 8 low-speed analog inputs and outputs, 14 high-speed digital outputs, 32 LVTTL digital I/O channels, and, 28 sinking digital output channels.Developing Custom RMCsIf the off-the-shelf options do not meet your application requirements, you can develop a custom RMC to integrate your own specific analog I/O, DIO, communication capabilities, and signal conditioning. See the RIO Mezzanine Card Design Guide for custom design recommendations.Development Kit Contents and Additional AccessoriesIn addition to OEM kits for high volume orders, NI offers development kits, which include cables, power supplies, and other accessories for quicker development.Accessories ContentssbRIO-9607 Development Kit sbRIO-9607Desktop power supplyNI 9694 digital I/O breakout RMCHi-Speed USB host-to-host bridge cableCAN/serial cable for 10-position IDC headers (qty. 2)Power cable kit9.65 mm standoffs (qty. 4)4.5 mm standoffs (qty. 4)M3x5 mm screws (qty. 4)sbRIO-9627 Development Kit sbRIO-9627Desktop power supplyNI 9694 digital I/O breakout RMC2mm IDC connector breakout for Single-Board RIOHi-Speed USB host-to-host bridge cable50-pin ribbon cableCAN/serial cable for 10-position IDC headers (qty. 4)Power cable kit9.65 mm standoffs (qty. 4)4.5 mm standoffs (qty. 6)M3x5 mm screws (qty. 6)sbRIO-9637 Development Kit sbRIO-9637Desktop power supply2mm IDC connector breakout for Single-Board RIOHi-Speed USB host-to-host bridge cable50-pin ribbon cable (qty. 2)CAN/serial cable for 10-position IDC headers (qty. 4)Power cable kit4.5 mm standoffs (qty. 6)M3x5 mm screws (qty. 6)sbRIO-96xx OEM Kit sbRIO-96xx Single-Board RIO Quick Reference GuidePN DescriptionPower Supplies 154169-01 Desktop power supply with 2-position plug for sbRIO controllers, 12 V DC, 1.5 ACables 152834-01 Power cable for sbRIO controllers, 2-position Mini-Fit JR to pigtail153158-10 RS-232/RS-485/CAN cable, 10-position IDC female to 9-position DSUB male 154041-12 50 pin IDC header ribbon cable, 50-position IDC, 2mm pitch, pull tabs, 12 in. 140254-02 Hi-Speed USB host-to-host bridge for target discovery and development, 2 mStandoffs 153166-12 9.65 mm standoff for RIO Mezzanine Cards (qty. 12)Thermal Kit 153901-02 Thermal kit for sbRIO-9607/27/37, heat spreader, gap pad, standoff (qty. 6), screw (qty. 4)I/O Breakout 784507-01 Onboard I/O breakout for 50-pos 2 mm IDC header (includes qty. 2, 6 in. 2 mm IDC ribbon cables)Platform-Based Approach to Control and MonitoringWhat Is the CompactRIO Platform?Every CompactRIO device is built on three pillars: productive software, reconfigurable hardware, and an expansive ecosystem. This results in a hardware platform that allows your business to standardize, customize, and accelerate productivity.NI’s integrated run-time software, development environments, IP libraries, drivers, middleware, and enterprise and systems management tools, along with high-quality hardware and global services and support, provide the capabilities to meet your business needs.Monetize Your EffortsFocus on the core expertise of your business while leaving the foundational elements of your embedded design to NI. Spend time delivering innovation, competitive differentiation, and value add features to your customers by customizing a pre-built, pre-validated embedded system from NI. Get your equipment or machines shipping faster, with less engineering expense and risk, and more features©2019 National Instruments. All rights reserved. CompactRIO, LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, , and NI CompactDAQ are trademarks of National Instruments. The registered trademark Linux® is used pursuant to a sublicense from LMI, the exclusive licensee of Linus Torvalds, owner of the mark on a worldwide basis. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. The contents of this Site could contain technical inaccuracies, typographical errors or out-of-date information. Information may be updated or changed at any time, without notice. Visit /manuals for the latest information.12 July 2019 Page 11 | | CompactRIO Single-Board Controllers Hardware ServicesAll NI hardware includes a one-year warranty for basic repair coverage, and calibration in adherence to NI specifications prior to shipment. PXI systems also include basic assembly and a functional test. NI offers additional entitlements to improve uptime and lower maintenance costs with service programs for hardware. Learn more at /services/hardware .Program Duration 1, 3, or 5 years 1, 3, or 5 years Length of service programExtended Repair Coverage ● ● NI restores your device’s functionality and includes firmware updates and factory calibration.System Configuration, Assembly, and Test 1 ● ● NI technicians assemble, install software in, and test your system per your custom configuration prior to shipment.Advanced Replacement 2 ● NI stocks replacement hardware that can be shipped immediately if a repair is needed.System Return Material Authorization (RMA)1 ● NI accepts the delivery of fully assembled systems when performing repair services.Calibration Plan (Optional)Standard Expedited 3 NI performs the requested level of calibration at the specified calibration interval for the duration of the service program. 1This option is only available for PXI, CompactRIO, and CompactDAQ systems. 2This option is not available for all products in all countries. Contact your local NI sales engineer to confirm availability. 3Expedited calibration only includes traceable levels.PremiumPlus Service Program NI can customize the offerings listed above, or offer additional entitlements such as on-site calibration, custom sparing, and life-cycle services through a PremiumPlus Service Program. Contact your NI sales representative to learn more.Technical Support Every NI system includes a 30-day trial for phone and e-mail support from NI engineers, which can be extended through a Software Service Program (SSP) membership. NI has more than 400 support engineers available around the globe to provide local support in more than 30 languages. Additionally, take advantage of NI’s award winning online resources and communities .。
The Rockwell Automation Allen-Bradley family of relay products continues to expand with the Bulletin 700-HTA Alternating Relay.These relays are designed to accept duplex loads necessary to perform alternating applications.The Bulletin 700-HTA serves as an interpos-ing relay between the controller and field devices. The alternating feature allows users to select the primary or secondary load or alternate between the two. Ideal for applica-tions with pumps, compressors or air conditioning/ refrigeration units.•Relay available for operation with one or two control switches such as float switches,manual switches, timing relays, pressure switches, or other isolated contacts •Control 12V, 24V, 120V or 240V AC operation •Two LED indicators show status of the alternating relay•Compact plug-in design utilizing existing industry-standard 8- or 11-pin octal sockets •Optional low profile slide switch for manual override of load during servicing •10 Amp single- or double-pole output configurations •cULus listedADVANTAGESCost Effective•Optimizes load usage by equalizing the run time of the loads •Allow for additional capacity in the case of excess load requirementsDecreased Downtime•Each model is available with three position slide switch, which allows for switching between loads•Servicing becomes faster, easier and saferCross-Wired Output•Allows for Lead-Lag operation in 2 switch modelPRODUCT PROFILEBULLETIN 700-HTA ALTERNATING RELAYPRODUCT SELECTION700-HTA SPECIFICATIONSa Control Switches 1 = SPDT 2 = DPDT 3 = Cross WiredSpecifications Rated Thermal Current 10 ARated Insulation Voltage250V IEC, 200V UL/CSA Voltage Tolerances50 Hz85…110% of Nominal Voltage60 Hz85…110% of Nominal VoltageLoad (Burden)Less than 3 VA ContactsInductive Break…Make, HP 120V AC3…30 A, 1/3 HP240V AC 1.5…15 A, 1/2 HP30V DC10 ATransient Protection10,000 volts for 20 microseconds LifeMechanical10,000,000 operationsFull Load 100,000 operations Power Consumption 2+/-10%24V AC2 VA 120V AC 4 VA 240V AC4 VA Switching Frequency Operations18,000/hrConstruction Insulating Material Molded High Dielectric Material Enclosure Impact Resistant Dust Cover Contact MaterialSilver Tin OxideSockets8-Pin700-HN100, -HN12511-Pin700-HN101, -HN126Indicator LED's2 LED's marked Load A and Load B Optional Slide Switch Settings:Alternate, Lock Load A, Lock Load B CertificationsCSA Certified, File LR1234, UL Recognized, File E3125Guide NLDX2, UL Listed, Ind. Cont. Eq.A191 with above sockets, CE Marked StandardsEN 61812, EN 60947-5-1, CSA 22.2,UL508EnvironmentalTemperatureOperating-28 to 65°C (-20 to 150°F)Storage-55 to 85°C (-67 to 185°F)700 - HTAabc2A247b Supply Voltage A12 = 12V AC A24 = 24V AC A1 = 120V AC A2 = 240V ACcSwitch Option 1Blank = None 7 = 3-Position Slide Switch1) Switch option for manual override between load A or B 2) Maximum in rush 5.5A RMS for 0.1 ms MaxPublication 700-PP024B-EN-P – October 2006 —Supercedes Publication 700-PP024A-EN-P August 2006Copyright ©2006 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.。
Release Note 20-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.009This release note describes major revision 2, minor revision 9 of firmware for 20-COMM-H RS485 HV AC adapters.IntroductionThe following information is included in this document: EnhancementsThis section describes enhancements provided in this revision of firmware.•Added support for PowerFlex 750-Series drives (PowerFlex 753 and PowerFlex 755) in all three modes of operation (Modbus RTU, FLN P1, and Metasys N2) with the following limitations: –Does not support Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages.–Cannot access drive DPI port 7 and higher.•Added support for PowerFlex 700VC drives in all three modes of operation (Modbus RTU, FLN P1, and Metasys N2).•Added new Parameter 33 - [RTU Memory Map]. This parameter sets the register mapping that the adapter uses when the adapter operates in the ‘Modbus RTU’ mode. The settings for this parameter are:–‘0’ (Legacy), the default setting, which provides Modbus register mapping that conforms to the Modbus standard specification, which is typically used by PowerFlex 7-Class drives.–‘1’ (PF4-Class) which provides Modbus register mapping that matches the register mapping used by PowerFlex 4-Class drives. This mapping reduces the programming time required for PowerFlex 7-Class drives when they are used on a network consisting mainly of PowerFlex 4-Class. For details of this register mapping, see Appendix C in the PowerFlex 4 Drive User Manual, publication 22A-UM001.Important:The register mapping provided with setting ‘1’ does not pass configured Datalinks through the adapter. Therefore, they are ignored.Topic Page Enhancements 1Corrected Anomalies 2Determining Firmware Revision 2Updating the Firmware 4Restrictions 7Compatible Revisions 8Rockwell Automation Support 8Product Satisfaction Return 8220-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.009Corrected Anomalies There are no anomalies corrected in this revision of firmware.Determining Firmware Revision This section describes procedures to determine the firmware revision of your 20-COMM-H RS485 HV AC adapter.Using the LCD HIMUsing DriveExplorer Lite/Full Softwareunch DriveExplorer software.ing a 1203-USB or 1203-SSS converter, go online with the drive thatis connected to the adapter.3.In the DriveExplorer treeview, select the 20-COMM-H Modbus RTUadapter (see Figure 1).4.Click the information icon to display the adapter Properties screen.5.The ‘Revision’ field shows the present revision of the adapter firmware(for example, 2.008).TIP: When selecting the 20-COMM-H adapter using DriveExplorer Lite or Full software, version 5.01 or later, the adapter firmware revision is also shown in the right pane of the DriveExplorer window.20-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.0093Figure 1 DriveExplorer Window with Information Icon and Device Properties Using DriveExecutive Softwareunch DriveExecutive software.ing a 1203-USB or 1203-SSS converter, go online with the drive thatis connected to the adapter.3.In the DriveExecutive treeview, select the 20-COMM-H adapter (see Figure 2).4.Click the information iconto display the adapter Properties screen.5.The ‘Revision’ field shows the present revision of the adapter firmware(for example, 2.008).Figure 2 DriveExecutive Window with Information Icon and Device Properties420-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.009Updating the Firmware This section describes procedures to update the adapter firmware. Flash kitsfor drives, communication adapters, and peripherals are provided on the Allen-Bradley Web Updates site at /support/abdrives/webupdate . Updating can be performed using a 1203-USB or 1203-SSS converter. For information about how to connect to your drive, see their respective User Manual. They can be viewed/downloaded on the Literature Library website at .Installing the Flash Kit1.Go to the Allen-Bradley Web Updates site at /support/abdrives/webupdate and install the flash kit for the20-COMM-H adapter, which also automatically installs theControlFLASH software on your computer.2.You are now ready to use DriveExplorer, DriveExecutive,ControlFLASH or HyperTerminal software to update the adapter. See the respective section below and follow the ing DriveExplorer Lite/Full Software to Update Firmware1.With the Flash Kit installed (see Installing the Flash Kit ), launchDriveExplorer software.ing a 1203-USB or 1203-SSS converter, go online with the drive thatis connected to the adapter.3.In the DriveExplorer treeview, select the 20-COMM-H adapter.4.Click the information icon(see Figure 1) to display the adapterProperties screen.5.On the 20-COMM-H Properties screen, click the Details tab.Important:This update may cause the adapter parameters to revert totheir default values. You may want to save yourconfiguration using DriveExplorer software or the HIMCopyCat feature before updating.6.Click Flash Update to start the update.7.Select ‘2.009.xx’ from the list of available updates.8.Click Next >.9.Follow the remaining screen prompts until the update procedurecompletes and displays the new firmware revision 2.009.ATTENTION: Risk of permanent equipment damage exists. Once an update has been started, do not remove power from the drive until after the download has completed and the adapter MOD status indicator startsflashing green. If power is removed before this occurs, the adapter may be permanently damaged. An adapter that has been damaged in this way cannot be repaired.20-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.0095Using DriveExecutive Software to Update Firmware1.With the Flash Kit installed (see Installing the Flash Kit), launchDriveExecutive software.ing a 1203-USB or 1203-SSS converter, go online with the drive thatis connected to the adapter.3.In the DriveExecutive treeview, select the 20-COMM-H adapter.4.Click the information icon(see Figure 2) to display the adapterProperties screen.5.On the 20-COMM-H Properties screen, click the Component Detailstab.Important:This update may cause the adapter parameters to revert to their default values. You may want to save yourconfiguration using DriveExecutive software or the HIMCopyCat feature before updating.6.Click Flash Update to start the update.7.Select the 20-COMM-H from the list of available devices.8.Click Next >.9.Select ‘2.009.xx’ from the list of available updates.10.Click Next >.11.Follow the remaining screen prompts until the update procedurecompletes and displays the new firmware revision 2.009.Using ControlFLASH Software to Update Firmware1.With the Flash Kit installed (see Installing the Flash Kit on page4),choose Start > (All) Programs > Flash Programming Tools >ControlFLASH to launch the ControlFLASH software.2.On the ControlFLASH Welcome screen, click Next >.3.Choose the appropriate 20-COMM-H update from the list of availableupdates for the mode (RTU, N2 or FLN P1) in which the adapter is set.4.Click Next >.Important:This update may cause the adapter parameters to revert to their default values. You may want to save yourconfiguration using the HIM CopyCat feature, orDriveExplorer or DriveExecutive software before updating.5.Expand the treeview for the communication path you are using, andselect the drive icon that represents the drive with the 20-COMM-H adapter you are updating.6.Click OK.7.If the Multiple Assemblies Found window appears, select‘Port X - 20-COMM-H’ from the list and click OK. If this window does620-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.0098.With the Firmware Revision window displayed, select ‘2.009.xx’ fromthe list of available updates.9.Click Next >.10.Follow the remaining screen prompts until the update procedurecompletes and displays the new firmware revision 2.009.Using HyperTerminal Software to Update Firmware1.With the Flash Kit installed (see Installing the Flash Kit on page 4),launch HyperTerminal software.ing a 1203-USB or 1203-SSS converter, go online with the drive thatis connected to the adapter.3.Set the adapter network protocol rotary switch to either the ‘N2’ or ‘P1’position before proceeding.Important:If the ‘N2’ or ‘P1’ setting is different from what the adapterswitch was previous set to, you must power cycle the drive.4.Press Enter until the main menu appears.5.In the main menu, press ‘3’ to flash upgrade.6.Press the number key that corresponds to the ‘20-COMM-H’ in the list.7.Press ‘Y’ (for Yes) to update the firmware.The terminal program will start displaying the letter ‘C’. This signals the Xmodem protocol that the download may proceed. You then have one minute to start the transfer.8.From the Transfer menu, choose Send File to display the Send Filescreen.a.Click Browse.b.Navigate to the flash file located in C:\Program Files\ControlFLASH\0001\0078\1F00.Main Menu - Enter Number for Selection1> Display Setup Parameters2> Display Event Queue3> Flash Upgrade ATTENTION: Risk of injury or equipment damage exists. When youperform an update, the drive will fault if it is receiving control I/O from the adapter. Verify that the drive has stopped safely or is receiving control I/O from an alternate source before beginning an update.20-COMM-H RS485 HVAC Adapter Firmware Revision 2.0097c.In the Select File to Send window list, select the‘20-COMM-H_2_009_03_AppV2_N2P1_NewHdr.bin’ file.d.Click Open.This file name now appears in the Filename box in the Send Filescreen.e.From the Protocol pull-down menu, choose ‘Xmodem’.f.Click Send.A dialog box appears and reports the update progress. Whencomplete, a ‘Flash Complete’ message appears. Press any key tocontinue.Important:Keep the adapter powered for 15 seconds after theoperation has completed or until the adapter MOD statusindicator starts flashing green.TIP: To cancel the flash update at any time, press Ctrl-X.9.Repeat steps 4 through 8 for the‘20-COMM-H_2_009_05_ComboNewHdr.bin’ file.10.Repeat steps 4 through 8 for the‘20-COMM-H_2_001_02_BootNewHdrV2.bin’ file.11.After the firmware update successfully completes, set the adapternetwork protocol rotary switch to the desired mode (RTU, N2 or P1) inwhich you want to operate the adapter.Important:Changing to a new rotary switch position requires you topower cycle the drive.12.Press Enter to return to the main menu.Restrictions For PowerFlex 753 and PowerFlex 755 Drives, these restrictions apply:•The Reference and Feedback words are internally scaled 1:32 to allow arange of 0 to 650.00 Hz.•32-bit floating point parameters are mapped as follows:–Datalinks are mapped as Little Endian (that is, Low/High wordordering).–User In/Out registers are mapped as Big Endian (that is, High/Lowword ordering).–Direct DPI parameters are mapped as Big Endian (that is, High/Lowword ordering).–This mapping structure also applies to PowerFlex 700VC driveswhich use 32-bit Datalinks.U.S.Allen-BradleyDrivesTechnicalSupport-Tel:(1)262.512.8176,Fax:(1)262.512.2222,Email:*****************,Online:/support/abdrivesCompatible Revisions To use this revision of firmware, update your tools and devices as needed.Rockwell AutomationSupport Rockwell Automation provides technical information on the web to assist you in using our products. At , youcan find technical manuals, a knowledge base of Frequently AskedQuestions (FAQs), technical and application notes, sample code and links to software service packs, and a MySupport feature that you can customize to make the best use of these tools.Rockwell Automation also provides complimentary phone support for drives, communication adapters, and peripherals. If you experience a problem with a device, please see the information in its User Manual. For further help in getting your device operational, contact a Customer Support representative.For an additional level of technical phone support for installation, configuration, and troubleshooting, TechConnect Support programs are available. For more information, contact your local distributor, a Rockwell Automation representative, or visit . Product Satisfaction Return Rockwell Automation tests all products to ensure that they are fully operational when shipped from the manufacturing facility. However, if your product is not functioning and needs to be returned, follow the steps below. Tool/DeviceVersion Required DriveExplorer Lite/Full software4.01 or later DriveExecutive software3.01 or later PowerFlex 7-Class driveall versions compatible LCD HIMall versions compatible RSLinx Classic software 2.43 or laterUnited States (1) 262.512.8176Monday – Friday, 7am – 6pm CST Outside United States Please contact your local Rockwell Automation representative for any technical support issues.United States Contact your distributor. You must provide a Customer Support case number (see phone number above to obtain one) to your distributor to complete the return process.Outside United States Contact your local Rockwell Automation representative for the return procedure.。
C1W 24VS-Y CF A11C9 (P r i mar y)C1X24VS -YCFA11C9 (Link)The Server Technology® Switched PDU provides control of outlet power and local LED input current monitoring, allowing IT personnel to determine safe levels of loading on a per-phase basis while installing equipment into the rack/cabinet. The power data points, along with temperature and humidity measurements (provided via optional probes), are accessible through the built-in Web and CLI interfaces as well as through SNMP. The Switched “Primary” PDU can be connected to a Switched “Link” PDU to extend the network access to the redundant or secondary power feed.Ke y F e at ur esN e t wo r k Mo ni t o r i ngGain access to valuable data through connections including HTTP(S), SSH, Telnet, SNMP, (S)FTP, SMTP, Syslog, LDAP(S),RS-232 serial, and more.Ho t -S wa p N e t wo r k C a r dNetwork access is ensured when power is lost to the primaryunit with backup power provided by the primary link unit.S t a r Mul t i -Li nki ngProvides the ability to link up to four power circuits using one IP address. Primary link provides backup power to networkcard.T e mpe r a t ur e /Humi di t y Mo ni t o r i ngPrimary and Link units each support two external 10' (3m) T/Hprobes. Receive SNMP-based alerts and email notifications.Aut o -Fl i p C ur r e nt Di s pl a yEasy-to-read LEDs display current per phase to help prevent overloads and simplify three-phase load balancing in high-density cabinets.Br a nc h C i r c ui t P r o t e c t i o nThis PDU meets the UL and IEC 60950-1 requirement for branch circuit protection through use of UL489 ratedmagnetic-hydraulic circuit breakers or UL248 fuses.Out l e t C o nt r o lOn Switched rack PDUs, cycle power to individual outlets or groups of outlets to reboot servers. Or, power off unusedreceptacles.Hi gh Re t e nt i o n Lo c ki ng Out l e t sReceptacles have high retention and are compatible with P-Lock type power cords.Fl e xi bl e Mo unt i ngIncludes standard button mounts along with provisions for custom mounting brackets (contact Server Technology fordetails).C o l o r Ide nt i f i c a t i o nChoose from six colors to designate circuits for rack PDUs in the data center. Color options include Blue, Red, Green, White,Yellow, and Black.I nput sInput Voltage (V):208Frequency50/60 HzInput Plug:NEMA L21-30PInput Current (A):30Input Current Rated (A):24Input Power Capacity (kW):8.6Out put sConnect or Rat ing(18) x IEC 60320/C13North American Rating: ≤ 12A @208V L-L (15A Peak)(6) x IEC 60320/C19North American Rating: ≤ 16A @208V L-L (20A Peak)(1) x NEMA 5-20R (Utility)North American Rating: ≤ 16A @120V L-N (20A Peak)Br anch Ci r cui t P r ot e ct i on(6) 20A Fuses, three (3) branch with tool-less retraction, meets UL 60950-1 requirements (Bussmann SC-20 fuses), 100 kA Interrupt Rating P hys i calDimensions: 69.0in tall x 1.75in wide x 2.25in deep [1753mm x 45mm x 58mm]Envi r onme nt alOper at ing Envir onment: 32°F to 122°F / 0°C to 50°C | 8%RH to 90%RH non-condensing | 6,500ft/2km elevationS t or age Envir onment: -40°F to 185°F / -40°C to 85°C | 8%RH to 90%RH non-condensing | 50,000ft/15km elevationQuiescent / Unloaded Power Draw: < 10W for all configurationsCommuni cat i ons & Se cur i t y10/100 Mbps Ethernet (RJ-45 connector), RS-232 serial (RJ-45 connector)Two (2) temperature/humidity sensor inputs (4P4C), Link port (RJ-12) - {also on Link PDU}Web-browser GUI and command-line interface (CLI): HTTP/HTTPS, TLSv1.2, SSHv2, Telnet, SNMPv2c and v3 (GET, SET, Traps), IPv4 and IPv6, LDAPv3/LDAPS, TACACS+, RADIUS, FTP/SFTPCe r t i f i cat i onsNor t h Amer ican:Safety (TUVR certified, cTUVus mark)UL Std. 60950-1, 62368-1CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 62368-1EMCFCC Part 15 Subpart B Sections 15.107 & 15.109, Class ACAN ICES-003, Class AM e as ur e me nt Accur acyInput Meas ur ement Accur acy:LED Current = ± 10% at 0.1 amp (0.3 - 9.9 amps) and 1 amp (> 9.9 amps) resolutionGUI Current = ± 5% at 0.01 amp resolution (above 0.25 amp)Opt i onal Acce s s or i e sEMTH-2-10 Combination Temperature/Humidity Probe, 10ft (3m)EMCU-1-1C Environmental Monitor adding:- Two (2) EMTH-2-10 temperature/humidity ports (one probe included)- One (1) EMWS-1-1 water sensor port (probe sold separately)- Four (4) dry contact (NO/NC) monitoring points- One (1) 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (0 to 5VDC)KIT-SUS-01 StartUp Stick™ for rapid configurationMounting Brackets- Buttons (KIT-0020) included for tool-less mounting (see diagram)- See the Mounting Bracket Guide for further suggestions- Custom mounting options available. Contact your local Server Technology representative Cable Retention Devices for non-locking cords- EZip- Cable SleeveDr awi ngsAddi t i onal I nf or mat i onWar r ant y: Server Technology offers a standard 2-year limited parts & labor warranty. Extended support is available at the time of purchase. See the Support Options on the website, or contact your local Server Technology representative for more information.Pat ent s: Information on Server Technology patents is available on the website at: /products/patents“Global” models are typically for use in countries outside of North America. Contact your Server Technology representative for more information about which models are appropriate for your application.Information in this document is current as of time of publishing. Contact your Server Technology representative for the most up-to-date information. This datasheet was generated on: 1-Sep-2022Interested in learning more about how Server Technology can help you manage and distribute power in your datacenter?Visit us online at: /products/To contact an expert in your region, go to /about-us/office-locations for more information. ©2022 Legrand. All rights reserved. The industry-leading brands of Raritan, Server Technology, Starline, and Ortronics empower Legrand’s Data, Power & Control to deliver innovative solutions for data centers, building networks, and facility infrastructures.。
PD_T8141 Trusted Trusted Demonstration UnitProduct OverviewThe Trusted® Demonstration Unit T8141 provides a portable Simulation System utilising the Trusted Chassis, Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) Processor and Modules available from the standard product range together with a purpose built panel for the supply of field simulation input and output signals.The unit offers the ability to run any Trusted software configuration and simulate a selection of I/O types configured for Companion Slot. The unit is suitable for sales demonstrations, product familiarisation for engineers, training courses and to simulate IEC 61131 Trusted Toolset programs including development of application programs.For shipping worldwide to customer locations, the unit is fitted within a wheeled flight case allowing easy transit and set up on arrival. It does not require assembly other than fitting the power lead and TC-304-01 Comms link to a suitable PC installed with the Trusted Toolset T8082.Once powered and connected to the PC either a demo program is loaded to utilise the field simulation I/O or the unit can be used as a tool to run a “real” application.Typical configuration for training and demonstration purposes is a TMR Processor, Communications Interface Module, Digital Input and Output Modules, Analogue Input Modules, with at least two of a similar type to demonstrate “Hot Swap” capability.Companion Slot hoods may be removed from the chassis to allow connection of any cable or Interface Adapter type and associated modules.Features:•Full Trusted Controller Capability.•100-240 Vac Input.•Portable wheeled flight case.•Simulation of 60 Field Signals.•Pre-wired Dual Ethernet (point to point and hub).•Serial Comms wired to terminals.•Configured for Companion Slot DI, AI and DO Modules.Trusted PD_T8141 •Fully Compliant with all Trusted Software Packages.•Field Faults Simulated.Trusted Demonstration Unit PREFACE PREFACEIn no event will Rockwell Automation be responsible or liable for indirect or consequential damages resulting from the use or application of this equipment. The examples given in this manual are included solely for illustrative purposes. Because of the many variables and requirements related to any particular installation, Rockwell Automation does not assume responsibility or reliability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams.No patent liability is assumed by Rockwell Automation, with respect to use of information, circuits, equipment, or software described in this manual.All trademarks are acknowledged.DISCLAIMERIt is not intended that the information in this publication covers every possible detail about the construction, operation, or maintenance of a control system installation. You should also refer to your own local (or supplied) system safety manual, installation and operator/maintenance manuals. REVISION AND UPDATING POLICYThis document is based on information available at the time of its publication. The document contents are subject to change from time to time. The latest versions of the manuals are available at the Rockwell Automation Literature Library under "Product Information" information "Critical Process Control & Safety Systems".TRUSTED RELEASEThis technical manual applies to Trusted Release: 3.6.1.LATEST PRODUCT INFORMATIONFor the latest information about this product review the Product Notifications and Technical Notes issued by technical support. Product Notifications and product support are available at the Rockwell Automation Support Centre atAt the Search Knowledgebase tab select the option "By Product" then scroll down and select the Trusted product.Some of the Answer ID’s in the Knowledge Base require a TechConnect Support Contract. For more information about TechConnect Support Contract Access Level and Features please click on the following link:https:///app/answers/detail/a_id/50871This will get you to the login page where you must enter your login details.IMPORTANT A login is required to access the link. If you do not have an account then you can create one using the "Sign Up" link at the top right of the web page.PREFACE Trusted Demonstration Unit DOCUMENTATION FEEDBACKYour comments help us to write better user documentation. If you discover an error, or have a suggestion on how to make this publication better, send your comment to our technical support group at Trusted Demonstration Unit PREFACESCOPEThis manual specifies the maintenance requirements and describes the procedures to assist troubleshooting and maintenance of a Trusted system. WHO SHOULD USE THIS MANUALThis manual is for plant maintenance personnel who are experienced in the operation and maintenance of electronic equipment and are trained to work with safety systems. SYMBOLSIn this manual we will use these notices to tell you about safety considerations.SHOCK HAZARD: Identifies an electrical shock hazard. If a warning label is fitted, it can be on or inside the equipment.WARNING: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause an explosion in a hazardous environment, which can cause injury or death, property damage or economic loss.ATTENTION: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause injury or death.CAUTION: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause property damage or economic loss.BURN HAZARD: Identifies where a surface can reach dangerous temperatures. If a warning label is fitted, it can be on or inside the equipment.This symbol identifies items which must be thought about and put in place when designing and assembling a Trusted controller for use in a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF). It appears extensively in the Trusted Safety Manual.IMPORTANT Identifies information that is critical for successful application and understanding of the product.NOTE Provides key information about the product or service.TIP Tips give helpful information about using or setting up the equipment.PREFACE Trusted Demonstration UnitWARNINGS AND CAUTIONSWARNING: EXPLOSION RISKDo not connect or disconnect equipment while the circuit is live or unless the area is known to be free of ignitable concentrations or equivalentAVERTISSEMENT - RISQUE D’EXPLOSIONNe pas connecter ou déconnecter l’équipement alors qu’il est sous tension, sauf si l’environnement est exempt de concentrations inflammables ou équivalenteMAINTENANCEMaintenance must be carried out only by qualified personnel. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury.CAUTION: RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCEMost electronic equipment is influenced by Radio Frequency Interference. Caution should be exercised with regard to the use of portable communications equipment around such equipment. Signs should be posted in the vicinity of the equipment cautioning against the use of portable communications equipment.CAUTION:The module PCBs contains static sensitive components. Static handling precautions must be observed. DO NOT touch exposed connector pins or attempt to dismantle a module.Trusted Demonstration Unit PREFACE ISSUE RECORDIssue Date Comments1 Feb 06 Initial Issue2 Sep 15 Rebranded and reformatted3 Apr 16 Standardisation of Relative Humidity Range and Operating TemperatureStatements in the specification section, also correction of typographicalerrors.PREFACE Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit Table of Contents Table of Contents1.Description (3)1.1. Communications Ports (5)2.Installation (7)3.Operation (9)munications Connections (11)4.1. Ethernet Ports (11)4.1.1. Ethernet Port 0 (12)4.1.2. Ethernet Port 1 (12)4.2. Serial Ports (13)5.Specifications (15)Table of Contents Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 1. Description 1.DescriptionFigure 1 Photo of Demonstration Unit1. Description Trusted Demonstration UnitFigure 2 Front Panel with Pre-Configured Slot LocationsThis simulation panel is designed to assist with demonstrating simple systems for sales or training. It is possible to fit any I/O module into the eight I/O slots as required, if the field cable connectors are moved or removed.The Trusted Demonstration Unit is equipped with the following simulation devices: •20 switches for driving Digital Inputs (connected to slots 1 and 2 by default).•20 lamps for displaying Digital Outputs (connected to slots 5 and 6 by default).• 2 switches for simulating short circuits on output channels 19 and 20.•20 potentiometer knobs for driving Analogue Inputs (connected to slots 3 and 4 by default).The processor slots and the three wired simulation slots are designed to allow module hot swaps, using double width hoods for the field connections. A single slot field cable is provided for the Communications Module, which is wired to terminals in the rear of the panel. This provides two Ethernet ports on RJ45 connectors (one has a crossover for direct PC connection), two RS232 ports on terminals and two RS422/RS485 full duplex ports on terminals.Trusted Demonstration Unit 1. DescriptionNote: A Maintenance Communications Cable TC-304-01 is provided, but that Trusted Modules are not provided with the Demonstration Unit.Figure 3 Rear View - Internal Layoutmunications PortsThe following ports on the Communications Module are connected at the rear of the unit: •Ethernet port 0 via RJ45 (wired for connection to a Hub)•Ethernet port 1 via RJ45 (wired for connection directly to a PC)•Serial port 1 via terminals (RS232)•Serial port 2 via terminals (RS232)•Serial port 3 via terminals (RS422/485 full duplex)•Serial port 4 via terminals (RS422/485 full duplex)1. Description Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 2. Installation 2.InstallationThe Demonstration Unit is provided with a British three-pin mains lead to fit the IEEE mains socket on the rear of the chassis. This must be replaced as appropriate for the local mains connections. A 13 A mains lead is recommended, because the mains input circuit breaker is rated at 10 A. The unit will require much less power in operation.The module field connectors are connected to the chassis in the slots shown in Figure 2. To remove these connectors, first remove the modules. Press the button on the bottom of the connector and slide it downwards. To fit a connector, again remove the modules. Insert a connector into a slot slightly below its final position, and slide it up until it clicks.To use the Ethernet ports, connect an Ethernet patch lead to the rear port and to the PC or hub. Note that port 0 is wired for connection via a hub and port 1 is wired for direct connection to a PC.The operation and configuration of the modules is described in Product DescriptionsPD-T8082, PD-T8110B, PD-T8151B and the appropriate I/O module PD. The basic steps are as follows:1.Insert a Processor T8110B into the left slot.2.Insert the I/O modules as required.3.Insert a T8151B Communications Module if required.4.Power up the Unit.5.Prepare a System.INI configuration file specifying the selected modules. This shouldinclude Ethernet IP addresses for the Communications Module if these are required.6.Download the System.INI configuration file to the Processor using the TC-304-01maintenance lead.7.Design a project in the Toolset, specifying the selected modules and application.pile the project with the Motorola compiler option.9.Download the application to the Unit. This may be performed using the TC-304-01maintenance lead or via the Ethernet port configured in step 5 above.10.Turn the Unit off and on to load the System.INI file to the I/O modules.2. Installation Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 3. Operation3. OperationThe Digital Input switches operate inputs 1 to 20 as marked. Pushing the switch downconnects the input to 24 V (logic 1) and pushing the switch up will allow the input to return to 0 V (logic 0).The Digital Output lamps indicate channels 1 to 20 as marked. They are designed for 24 V operation and are each fitted with 390 Ω 2.5 W resistors in parallel to increase the load above the line monitor open-circuit threshold. For lamps 19 and 20, Field Fault switches 1 and 2 respectively will connect a short-circuit across the lamp if pressed down, for demonstration of line fault conditions.The Analogue Input potentiometer knobs control channels 1 to 20 as marked. They are connected to provide a potential divider to the analogue input. Each has a 27 k Ω 0.25 W resistor connected from the 24 V supply, in series with the 10 k Ω track of thepotentiometer, to zero volts. The analogue input voltage may be adjusted between the zero volt rail and approximately 6.5 volts, to simulate the full range of 0-22 mA inputs with over-range excess.Figure 4 Analogue Input ConnectionTwo terminals (11 and 12) at the bottom of the 24 Vdc fuse distribution block provide a 1 A 24 Vdc auxiliary power supply, for supplying interface equipment or other low current devices. Terminal 11 is 24 Vdc and terminal 12 is 0 Vdc.24 V27 k 10 k Ω Input3. Operation Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 4. Communications Connections munications Connections4.1.Ethernet PortsFigure 5 Ethernet Connections 0 (HUB) and 1 (PC)Figure 6 RJ45 Connections4. Communications Connections Trusted Demonstration Unit4.1.1.Ethernet Port 0This port is wired for connection via a hub.RJ45 Pin Function1 TD+2 TD-3 RD+6 RD-Table 1 Ethernet Port 0 (HUB)4.1.2.Ethernet Port 1This port is wired for direct connection to a PC.RJ45 Pin Function1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+6 TD-Table 2 Ethernet Port 1 (PC)Trusted Demonstration Unit 4. Communications Connections 4.2.Serial PortsPort FunctionCOMMS TerminalBlock Pin1 1 (RS232) Tx2 Rx3 GND4 2 (RS232) Tx5 Rx6 GND7 3 (RS422/485) Rx/TxB8 Rx/TxA9 TxB10 TxA11 GND12 4 (RS422/485) Rx/TxB13 Rx/TxA14 TxB15 TxA16 GNDTable 3 Serial Port Terminations4. Communications Connections Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 5. Specifications 5.SpecificationsSupply Range 100 V to 240 VacCurrent ProtectionIncoming Circuit Breaker 10 A double pole24 V Distribution Circuit Breaker 16 A single poleChassis Supply Fuses (F1,F2) 16 A 380 V (Weidmuller SAKS4)Fan Tray (F3), DI (F4),AI (F5) Fuses 1 A 70 V (WSI6 25 mm)DO (F6) Fuse 2 A 70 V (WSI6 25 mm)Auxiliary Supply (F10) Fuse 1 A 70 V (WSI6 25 mm)Operating Temperature 0 °C to +60 °C (+32 °F to +140 °F)Non-operating Temperature -25 °C to +70 °C (-13 °F to +158 °F)Relative Humidity range(operating, storage & transport) 10 % – 95 %, non-condensingEnvironmental Specifications Refer to Document 552517Dimensions (without flight case)Height 534 mm (21 in)Width 430 mm (16.9 in)Depth 500 mm (19.7 in)Weight (with flight case, typical modules) 65 kg (140 lb) nominal。
EVOX J SYSTEM8EVOX J88 x 2” Ultra compact Adjustable pole mountX8 EVOX J MIX8Innovative processingThe ultra-compact full-range 2” RCF driversare capable of handling high SPL and powerwith a stunning sound performance. The highexcursion 12” RCF woofer extends to the lowestfrequencies offering quick and precise punch.The bass-reflex port design avoids air turbulencereducing distortions. The EVOX design featuresconstant directivity coverage of 120°x30°(HxV),providing a perfect coverage pattern. The verticalarray is progressively shaped to guaranteeconsistent sound coverage from the first row tothe last.I ntegrated amplifier DSP manages full loudspeaker processing, FiRPHASE filters, crossover and EQ, soft limiter, and dynamic bass boost. Class-D power amplifier technology packs huge performance, operating with high efficiency into a lightweight solution. The robust mechanical aluminium structure of the amplifier strengthens the unit during transportation and provides fanless heat dissipation.original input signal with absolute clarity.The FiRPHASE algorithm optimises dynamics, amplitude and phase patterns, while at the same time ensuring minimum system latencyfor improved sound performance.A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LINEARITYAmazing precision on the whole frequencyrange, an incredible woofer’s power““EVOX J8-W EVOX JMIX8-WELECTRONICSSUPERIOR TRANSDUCERSThe mixer section features a high quality professional preamplifier with remote digital gain control, selectable high pass filter, pan control and polarity reversal switch. Phantom power for condenser/electret microphones (+48V) available for channel 1 and 2. Each input channel is provided with a three band EQ: ±12dB gain shelving equaliser for lows and highs and a semiparametric EQ from 50Hz to 12kHz and ±12dB gain for the mid band. The EQ can be switched OFF with the touch of a button. Each channel can send audio to the FX chain and to the AUXiliary output for monitoring or other creative uses.INPUTS / OUTPUTS Pole Socket Carrying and mounting your audio system has never been so quick!JMIX IT!EVOMIX ONBOARDAll the available functions on the EVOXJMI X8 system integrated mixer can bemanaged from the operating panel. Theselect buttons: I NPUT, OUTPUT, HOME,SYSTEM, MFX, FX give access to all theparameter pages on the LCD display.DYNAMIC COMPRESSORMIC/LINE inputs 1 to 4 are provided with a single control dynamic compressor. The control slider acts on the amount of compressor intervention. A dedicated button toggles the compressor ON and OFF. Up to 6 different presets can be selected from the Compressor Model list: LIGHT, HEAVY , VOCAL, BASS, ACOUSTIC, and DRUM.MAIN CHANNELA 7-band graphic EQ on the Main Channel lets you shape the frequency response of the system. In order to have a powerful overall sound, limiting peaks and more harmonics, four mastering processing presets can be selected: MASTERING, MASTER BOOST , LOUD & PROUD, and HI-FI.TONS OF EFFECTS 80 High Quality effects presets from the premium Z.CORE.DSP , each with three parameter controls: 40 different reverbs, providing a realistic simulation of large spaces, such as halls, rooms or hardware reverbs; 20 different delay types; 20 modulation effects to shape any nuance of your music.GUITAR AMPS AND CABINETS INCLUDED The line input 4 can be switched to a Hi-Z mode and host several realistic amp modeling simulators. Guitar and Bass players can count on a whole range of 15 realistic emulations tuned for the maximum reality: Darkface ’65, Jazz C, Rock’64, Rock 800 Crunch, Rock 900 Lead, Top30, Modern, Bassamp, Bassmate, Markbass 1, Markbass 2, Slo 88 Crunch, Slo 88 Lead, Overange 120, Heavy 51 and others. Shape the sound of each amp via 4 different parameters, store it in the Preset memory and recall via EVOX App, Panel, or Footswitch. A wide range of integrated sound options at your fingertips.MFXA whole range of easy-to-use effects helps the musician to find the right sound in any song:CHORUS, TREMOLO and FLANGER on the modulation effects unit, plus a useful delay for musical instruments. Intuitive and flexible digital mixer ““。
SC1225KInnoSwitch FamilyJune 2014Off-Line CV/CC Flyback Switcher IC with Integrated MOSFET, Sync-Rect and Feedback™This Product is Covered by Patents and/or Pending Patent Applications.Product HighlightsHighly Integrated, Compact Footprint• Incorporates flyback controller, 650 V MOSFET, secondary-side sensing and synchronous rectification • Integrated, HIPOT -isolated, feedback link • E xceptional CV/CC accuracy, independent of transformer design or external components • I nstantaneous transient response ±5% CV with 0-100-0% load step EcoSmart ™– Energy Efficient • <10 mW No-load @ 230 VAC with optional bias winding • E asily meets all global energy efficiency regulations • L ow heat dissipation Advanced Protection / Safety Features • P rimary sensed output OVP with optional bias winding • S econdary sensed output overshoot clamp • S econdary sensed output OCP to zero output voltage • H ysteretic thermal shutdown Full Safety and Regulatory Compliance • 100% production HIPOT compliance testing at 6 kV DC/1 sec • Reinforced insulation• Isolation voltage = 3,500 VAC • U L1577 and TUV (EN60950) safety approved• EN61000-4-8 (100 A/m) and EN61000-4-9 (1000 A/m) compliant Green Package • H alogen free and RoHS compliantApplications • C hargers and adapters for smart mobile devices • L ED lighting • H igh efficiency, low voltage, high current power suppliesDescriptionThe InnoSwitch family of ICs dramatically simplifies the development and manufacturing of low voltage, high current power supplies, particularly those in compact enclosures or with high efficiency requirements. The InnoSwitch architecture is revolutionary in that the devices incorporate both primary and secondary controllers, with sense elements and a safety-rated feedback mechanism into a single IC.Close component proximity and innovative use of the integrated communication link permit accurate control of a secondary-side synchronous rectification MOSFET and optimization of primary- side switching to maintain high efficiency across the entire load range. Additionally, the minimal DC bias requirements of the link, enables the system to achieve less than 10 mW no-load inchallenging applications such as smart-mobile device chargers.Figure 1.Typical Application/Performance.(a) Typical Application SchematicOutput Power TableProduct 3230 VAC ±15%85-265 VAC Adapter 1Peak or Open Frame 2Adapter 1Peak or Open Frame 2SC1225K15 W20 W15 W20 WTable 1. Output Power Table.Notes:1. Minimum continuous power in a typical non-ventilated enclosed adapter measured at 40 °C ambient. Assumes +12 V output.2. Minimum peak power capability.3. Package: KR: eSOP-R16B.Figure 2. High Creepage, Safety-Compliant eSOP Package.PI-6986-031113Figure 3. Secondary-Side Controller Block Diagram.Figure 4. Primary-Side Controller Block Diagram.Figure 5. Pin Configuration.Pin Functional DescriptionDrain (D) Pin: (Pin 1)This pin is the power MOSFET drain connection.PRIMARY BYPASS (BPP) Pin: (Pin 7)It is the connection point for an external bypass capacitor for the primary IC supply.FEEDBACK (FB) Pin: (Pin 14)This pin connects to an external resistor divider to set the power supply CV voltage regulation threshold.FORWARD (FWD) Pin: (Pin 10)The connection point to the switching node of the transformer output winding for sensing and other functions.OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) Pin: (Pin 11)This pin is connected directly to the output voltage of the power supply to provide bias to the secondary IC.SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER DRIVE (SR) Pin: (Pin 12)Connection to external SR FET gate terminal.SECONDARY BYPASS (BPS) Pin: (Pin 13)It is the connection point for an external bypass capacitor forthe secondary IC supply.SECONDARY GROUND (GND): (Pin 15)Ground connection for the secondary IC.ISENSE (IS) Pin: (Pin 16)Connection to the power supply output terminals. Internal current sense is connected between this pin and the SECONDARY GROUND pin.DRAIN V CLOCK DDRAIN I MAX PI-7041-053013Figure 6. Operation at Near Maximum Loading.Figure 7. Operation at Moderately Heavy Loading.Figure 8. Operation at Medium Loading.PI-7038-053013DRAIN V CLOCK DCDRAIN I MAX PI-7039-053013DRAINV CLOCK DDRAINI MAXFigure 9. Operation at Very Light Load.InnoSwitch OperationInnoSwitch devices operate in the current limit mode. When enabled, the oscillator turns the power MOSFET on at the beginning of each cycle. The MOSFET is turned off when the current ramps up to the current limit or when the DC MAX limit is reached. Since the highest current limit level and frequency of a InnoSwitch design are constant, the power delivered to the load is proportional to the primary inductance of the transformer and peak primary current squared. Hence, designing the supply involves calculating the primary inductance of thetransformer for the maximum output power required. If the InnoSwitch is appropriately chosen for the power level, thecurrent in the calculated inductance will ramp up to current limit before the DC MAX limit is reached.InnoSwitch senses the output voltage on the FEEDBACK pin using a resistive voltage divider to determine whether or not to proceed with the next switching cycle. The sequence of cycles is used to determine the current limit. Once a cycle is started, itDRAINV CLOCK DDRAINI MAXPI-7040-053013Figure 11. Normal Power-Down Timing.Figure 10. Power-Up.always completes the cycle. This operation results in a power supply in which the output voltage ripple is determined by the output capacitor, and the amount of energy per switch cycle.ON/OFF Operation with Current Limit State Machine The internal clock of the InnoSwitch runs all the time. At the beginning of each clock cycle, the voltage comparator on the FEEDBACK pin decides whether or not to implement a switch cycle, and based on the sequence of samples over multiple cycles, it determines the appropriate current limit. At high loads, the state machine sets the current limit to its highest value. At lighter loads, the state machine sets the current limit to reduced values.At near maximum load, InnoSwitch will conduct during nearly all of its clock cycles (Figure 6). At slightly lower load, it will “skip” additional cycles in order to maintain voltage regulation at the power supply output (Figure 7). At medium loads, cycles will be skipped and the current limit will be reduced (Figure 8). At very light loads, the current limit will be reduced even further (Figure 9). Only a small percentage of cycles will occur to satisfy the power consumption of the power supply.The response time of the ON/OFF control scheme is very fast compared to PWM control. This provides tight regulation andexcellent transient response.12Time (ms)020040050100100200P I -23902.55Time (s)1002004003000100200VDC-INPUTV DRAINAbsolute Maximum Ratings 1,2DRAIN Pin Voltage ............................................-0.3 V to 650 V DRAIN Pin Peak Current ..................................1360 (2550) mA 3PRIMARY BYPASS/SECONDARY BYPASS PinVoltage ...................................................................-0.3 V to 9 V PRIMARY BYPASS/SECONDARY BYPASS PinCurrent .........................................................................100 mA FORWARD Pin Voltage ..........................................-1.5 V to 70 V FEEDBACK Pin Voltage ............................................-0.3 to 9 V SR/P Pin Voltage ......................................................-0.3 to 9 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE Pin Voltage .................................-0.3 to 9 V Storage Temperature …………………. ...................-65 to 125 °C Operating Junction Temperature 4..........................-40 to 125 °C Ambient Temperature .............................................-40 to 85 °C Lead Temperature ..........................................................260 °C Notes:1. All voltages referenced to Source and Secondary Ground, T A = 25 °C.2. Maximum ratings specified may be applied one at a time without causing permanent damage to the product. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings conditions for extended periods of time may affect product reliability.3. Higher peak Drain current is allowed while the Drain voltage is simultaneously less than 400 V.4. Normally limited by internal circuitry.5.1/16” from case for 5 seconds.Thermal ResistanceThermal Resistance: K Package: (q JA ).......................... .............65 °C/W 3, 69 °C/W 2(q JC )............................................................12 °C/W Notes:1. Measured on the SOURCE pin close to the plastic interface.2. Solder to 0.36 sq. in (232 mm 2), 2 oz. (610 g/m 2) copper clad.3. Solder to 1 sq. in (645 mm 2), 2 oz. (610 g/m 2) copper clad.4. The case temperature is measured at the bottom-side exposed pad.Notes:1. This parameter is derived from characterization.2. I S1 is an estimate of device current consumption at no-load, since the operating frequency is so low under these conditions.Total device consumption at no-load is sum of I S1 and I DSS2 (this does not include secondary losses)3. Since the output MOSFET is switching, it is difficult to isolate the switching current from the supply current at the Drain. Analternative is to measure the PRIMARY BYPASS pin current at 6.2 V .4. The PRIMARY BYPASS pin is not intended for sourcing supply current to external circuitry.5. To ensure correct current limit it is recommended that nominal 0.1 m F/1 m F/10 m F capacitors are used. In addition, the BPPcapacitor value tolerance should be equal or better than indicated below across the ambient temperature range of the target application. The minimum and maximum capacitor values are guaranteed by characterization.6. This parameter is derived from the change in current limit measured at 1X and 4X of the di/dt shown in the I LIMIT specification.7. Auto-restart on-time has same temperature characteristics as the oscillator (inversely proportional to frequency).8. I DSS1 is the worst-case OFF state leakage specification at 80% of BV DSS and the maximum operating junction temperature. I DSS2 is atypical specification under worst-case application conditions (rectified 265 VAC) for no-load consumption calculations.9. Breakdown voltage may be checked against minimum BV DSS specification by ramping Drain voltage up to but not exceedingminimum BV DSS .10. For reference only. This is the total range of current limit threshold which corrects for variations in the current sense bond wire.Both of which are trimmed to set the normalized output constant current.Nominal PRIMARY BYPASS Pin Capacitor Value Tolerance Relative to NominalCapacitor Value Minimum Maximum 0.1 m F -60%+100%1 m F -50%+100%10 m F -50%N/AFor the latest updates, visit our website: Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein. POWER INTEGRATIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. Patent InformationThe products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations patents may be found at . Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at /ip.htm.Life Support PolicyPOWER INTEGRATIONS PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF POWER INTEGRATIONS. As used herein:1. A Life support device or system is one which, (i) is intended for surgical implant into the body, or (ii) supports or sustains life, and (iii)whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury or death to the user.2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to causethe failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.The PI logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch, LYTSwitch, DPA-Switch, PeakSwitch, CAPZero, SENZero, LinkZero, HiperPFS, HiperTFS, HiperLCS, Qspeed, EcoSmart, Clampless, E-Shield, Filterfuse, StakFET, PI Expert and PI FACTS are trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc. Other trademarks are property of their respective companies. ©2014, Power Integrations, Inc.Power Integrations Worldwide Sales Support LocationsWorld Headquarters5245 Hellyer AvenueSan Jose, CA 95138, USA. Main: +1-408-414-9200 Customer Service:Phone: +1-408-414-9665 Fax: +1-408-414-9765e-mail: usasales@China (Shanghai)Rm 2410, Charity Plaza, No. 88 North Caoxi Road Shanghai, PRC 200030 Phone: +86-21-6354-6323 Fax: +86-21-6354-6325e-mail: chinasales@China (ShenZhen)3rd Floor, Block A,Zhongtou International Business Center, No. 1061, Xiang Mei Rd, FuTian District, ShenZhen, China, 518040Phone: +86-755-8379-3243 Fax: +86-755-8379-5828e-mail: chinasales@ GermanyLindwurmstrasse 11480337 MunichGermanyPhone: +49-895-527-39110Fax: +49-895-527-39200e-mail: eurosales@India#1, 14th Main RoadVasanthanagarBangalore-560052 IndiaPhone: +91-80-4113-8020Fax: +91-80-4113-8023e-mail: indiasales@ItalyVia Milanese 20, 3rd. Fl.20099 Sesto San Giovanni (MI)ItalyPhone: +39-024-550-8701Fax: +39-028-928-6009e-mail: eurosales@JapanKosei Dai-3 Bldg.2-12-11, Shin-Yokohama,Kohoku-kuYokohama-shi Kanagwan222-0033 JapanPhone: +81-45-471-1021Fax: +81-45-471-3717e-mail: japansales@KoreaRM 602, 6FLKorea City Air T erminal B/D, 159-6Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Gu,Seoul, 135-728, KoreaPhone: +82-2-2016-6610Fax: +82-2-2016-6630e-mail: koreasales@Singapore51 Newton Road#19-01/05 Goldhill PlazaSingapore, 308900Phone: +65-6358-2160Fax: +65-6358-2015e-mail: singaporesales@Taiwan5F, No. 318, Nei Hu Rd., Sec. 1Nei Hu Dist.Taipei 11493, Taiwan R.O.C.Phone: +886-2-2659-4570Fax: +886-2-2659-4550e-mail: taiwansales@UKFirst Floor, Unit 15, MeadwayCourt, Rutherford Close,Stevenage, Herts. SG1 2EFUnited KingdomPhone: +44 (0) 1252-730-141Fax: +44 (0) 1252-727-689e-mail: eurosales@Applications HotlineWorld Wide +1-408-414-9660Applications FaxWorld Wide +1-408-414-9760Revision Notes DateA Preliminary03/14B Code A06/14。
智慧城市双通道通信hybrid dual mode芯片机制智慧城市建设是目前全球趋势,而在智慧城市建设中,通信技术的发展扮演着重要的角色。
然而,在建设智慧城市的过程中,传统的通信技术无法满足高速度、大带宽、稳定性和安全性等需求,因此需要一种新的通信技术来解决这些问题。
其中,Hybrid Dual Mode(双通道通信)技术被广泛使用。
国内外的很多智慧城市项目都应用了该技术,并得到了较好的效果。
Hybrid Dual Mode技术是一种将两种不同通信模式(例如,TD和FDD模式)结合在一起的技术。
这种技术主要是通过一个芯片机制来实现的。
该芯片机制能够自动地在TD和FDD两种不同的通信模式之间进行转换,从而使得通信传输更加稳定、快速。
这种技术的应用可以提高通信数据的传输效率,从而满足大规模视频、数据传输的需求,在智慧城市的应用中有着广泛的应用前景。
Hybrid Dual Mode芯片机制可以实现多种不同通信标准的兼容性,不仅包括TD-LTE和FDD-LTE等手机通信标准,也包括WiFi、蓝牙等家居通信标准,从而为用户提供更加全面的通信服务。
这意味着,在以后的智慧城市建设中,各种设备都可以通过Hybrid Dual Mode技术来互相连接和协作,从而形成一个全方位、无缝连接的智慧城市网络系统。
除此之外,在Hybrid Dual Mode芯片机制的实现中,还需要注意一些安全问题,比如密钥管理、数据加密等。
这些安全措施可以有效地保护用户的隐私,防止信息泄露、黑客攻击等安全威胁。
在Hybrid Dual Mode芯片机制的设计和实现中,安全性的考虑也是非常重要的。
总的来说,Hybrid Dual Mode技术是未来智慧城市建设中的重要技术之一。
它可以提高通信速度和稳定性,提高通信数据的传输效率,为各种设备提供全面的通信服务,从而实现智慧城市的全面连接和协同运作。
在实际应用中,需要注意芯片机制的安全性和兼容性等问题,从而保证系统的稳定性和安全性。
智慧城市双模通信hybrid dual mode芯片机制随着智慧城市建设的不断发展,通信技术的发展也变得越来越重要。
智慧城市的通信需求多样化,需要支持多种通信技术,如4G、5G、NB-IoT等。
为了满足这些需求,双模通信技术被广泛采用。
双模通信技术通过整合不同通信技术的优势,提供更加丰富的通信服务。
在智慧城市中,双模通信技术可以满足不同场景下的通信需求。
例如,5G可以提供高速数据传输,而NB-IoT可以提供低功耗广域物联网通信。
为了支持双模通信技术,需要使用hybrid dual mode芯片。
该芯片可以支持不同的通信技术,并且可以根据需求进行切换。
在智慧城市中,hybrid dual mode芯片可以提供更加可靠的通信服务,并且可以降低通信成本。
另外,hybrid dual mode芯片还可以提供更加安全的通信服务。
在智慧城市中,涉及到的数据非常重要,需要保证数据的安全性。
通过使用hybrid dual mode芯片,可以使用不同的加密技术,保证通信的安全性。
总之,hybrid dual mode芯片是智慧城市通信技术的重要组成部分,可以提供更加丰富、可靠、安全的通信服务。
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存储L2题库存储L2题库V31、OceanStor V3系列是T系列的V2的软件升级,硬件可以互联互通A.TRUEB.FALSE2、OceanStor V3系列的NAS特性支持PNFS协议。
A.TRUEB.FALSE3、5300/5500 V3最大支持多少主机接口数?(每控制器)A.10B.12C.20D.284、S2600T V2的智能风扇调速可以降低系统的噪音和功耗。
A.TRUEB.FALSE5、HyperLock是OceanStor V3文件系统WORM的特性,目前支持法规遵从级保护模式。
A.TRUEB.FALSE6、OceanStor V3高密框式的高度是多少U?A.2B.4C.6D.87、下列特性中,哪些是S2600T V2目前支持的?(本题多选)A.阵列快照HyperSnapB.远程复制HyperRepicationC.SmartCaheD.自动精简配置SmartThinE.多控制器(>2)8、一体化统一存储支持哪些文件共享协议?(本题多选)A.NFSB.SMB1.0(CIFS) /SMB2.0/2.1/3.0C.HTTP、FTPD.NDMP9、卷镜像(HyperMirror)主要应用于哪些镜像场景?(本题多选)A.OceanStor V3阵列内两个LUN的镜像B.配合异构虚拟化功能实现异构阵列的LUN与V3本阵列的镜像C.配合异构虚拟化功能实现两个异构LUN的镜像10.关于Smartner、SmartQoS、SmartPartition,Smartcache 下面说法正确的是?(本题多选)A.都是效率提升软件B.SmartCache利用SSD划分一个独立的性能层级,来为数据做加速C.SmartTier是在合适的时间,将合适的数据放在合适的地方(存储层)D.SmartPartition的核心思想是通过对系统核心资源的分区,保证关键应用的性能E.SmartQos能够对存储系统中的计算资源,缓存资源,并发资源以及硬盘资源的智能分配和调节,来满足多种不同重要性业务在同一台存储设备上的不同Qos要求11.OceanStor V3的重删特性适合应用于下列哪些场景?(本题多选)A.数字图书馆B.桌面云C.数据库D.邮件系统12、O ceanStor V3单文件系统最大容量是多大?A.12TBB.12PBC.16TBD.16PB13、关于用户的RAID配置协议,下面说法正确的是?(本题多选)A.配置RAID3/5建议选择2D+1P,4D+1P,8D+1PB.RAID6选择:2D+2P,4D+2P,8D+2PC.SSD建议配置RAID 10D.SAS和NL-SAS硬盘建议配置RAID614、O ceanStor V3能够达到的RPO是()A.秒级B.毫秒级C.分钟级D.小时级15、S martVirtualization为客户带来的价值是?A.存储资源按需购买,降低初始投资B.异构虚拟化,整合主流厂商设备存储资源C.高中低端统一管理,成倍提升管理效率16、O ceanStor 5800V3的BBU冗余登记为A.1+1B.2+1C.3+1D.4+117、华为两地三中心容灾方案支持的架构是A.并联架构,级联架构B.并联架构,星型架构C.级联架构,星型架构D.并联架构,级联架构,星型架构18、5600/5800 V3最大支持多少主机接口数?(每控制器)A.10B.12C.20D.2819、O ceanStor V3使用哪种类型的网络scaleout?A.PCIEB.IPC.infinibandD.FC20、O ceanStor V3高密框支持哪几种硬盘?A.2T NL-SASB.3T NL-SASC.4T NL-SAS21、O ceanStor V3的重删压缩加速卡支持的压缩解压算法是A.ZLIBB.GZIPC.LZ4D.L27722、备份方案关注的是数据的可恢复性,容灾方案关注的是应用的连续性A.TRUEB.FALSE23、O ceanStor V3重删压缩的优势主要是什么?A.是在线重删B.是后重删C.是变长重删D.提供了重删压缩加速卡提升系统重删压缩性能24、O ceanStor V3的快照可读写A.TRUEB.FALSE25、保障特定业务性能的软件是A.SmartThinB.SmartQosC.SmartPartitionD.SmartMotion26、S martPartition的作用是什么?A.利用SSD扩展二级缓存B.存储资源虚拟化C.针对核心业务指定缓存配额(分区)D.卷空间共享,按需分配27、S2600T的存储产品配置步骤中可选项是:A.文件引擎B.阵列存储框C.硬盘类型及数量D.产品类型28、硬盘休眠技术是指无工作负载的硬盘进入哪种状态A.ActiveB.IdleC.Standby29、关于重删压缩加速卡和license说法正确的是(本题多选)A.重删压缩卡是单独的压缩卡,不跟重删压缩License绑定,需要额外采购B.重删压缩卡是为了重删压缩特性加速用的,可以使用也可以不使用C.客户需要支持重删压缩才配置重删压缩licenseD.一般出于性能考虑,建议购买了重删压缩license的时候要配置重删压缩卡30、O ceanStor V3的异构虚拟化支持NAS特性A.TRUEB.FALSE31、下列重复数据删除方式中,哪种可有效减少业务主机与备份设备之间的数据传输量?A.源端重删B.IN-LINE重删C.POST-LINE重删32、关于华为存储抗震说法正确的是?(本题多选)A.支持9烈度抗震B.唯一通过抗震性能质量监督检测中心验证的存储设备C.可保障系统在地震前后一直稳定运行33、H yperReplication/A的技术特点有(本题多选)A.秒级RPOB.快速响应主机写请求C.支持分裂模式D.从LUN数据保护和可写E.支持主从切换34、文件系统配额中每个文件系统配额目录树是多少?A.1024B.2048C.4096D.819235、关于RAID2.0+说法错误的是?A.存储池内所有硬盘参与重构B.由传统RAID多对一的重构模式转变为一对多的快速重构模式C.数据恢复速度相对传统RAID提升20倍D.大幅降低重构过程中对业务的影响36、V3的无损快照是指文件系统采用ROW(Redirect-On-Write)的机制对文件系统机制进行操作A.TRUEB.FALSE37、O ceanStor V3块和文件一体化,但是先出SAN,后虚拟成NAS,担数据库和文件共享业务同样高效A.TRUEB.FALSE38、M LC相对于SLC具有更大的容量和更好的可靠性。
可简化太阳能供电设计的单晶电池充电器
Trevor Barcelo
【期刊名称】《《电子与电脑》》
【年(卷),期】2010(000)006
【摘要】便携式产品几乎无所不在,产品设计者对于太阳能供电功能的追求来自几个面向:他们想转向"绿色"迈进、他们没有使用电网的机会、他们只是想透过任何可获得的能源延长设备的运行寿命。
【总页数】4页(P39-42)
【作者】Trevor Barcelo
【作者单位】凌力尔特电池管理产品部
【正文语种】中文
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因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
The Hybrid HVDC BreakerAn innovation breakthrough enabling reliable HVDC gridsMagnus Callavik, Anders Blomberg, Jürgen Häfner, Björn JacobsonABB Grid SystemsSUMMARYExisting mechanical HVDC breakers are capable of interrupting HVDC currents within several tens of milliseconds, but this is too slow to fulfill the requirements of a reliable HVDC grid. HVDC breakers based on semiconductors can easily overcome the limitations of operating speed, but generate large transfer losses, typically in the range of 30 percent of the losses of a voltage source converter station. To overcome these obstacles, ABB has developed a hybrid HVDC breaker. The hybrid design has negligible conduction losses, while preserving ultra-fast current interruption capability.This paper will present a detailed description of the hybrid HVDC breaker, its design principles and test results. The modular design of the hybrid breaker for HVDC applications is described. Furthermore, the application of the hybrid breaker associated with the design of a HVDC switchyard will be discussed.KEYWORDS: HVDC grid; HVDC breaker - hybrid; Semiconductor breaker_______________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTIONThe advance of voltage source converter-based (VSC) high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems makes it possible to build an HVDC grid with many terminals. Compared with high-voltage alternating current (AC) grids, active power conduction losses are relatively low and reactive power conduction losses are zero in an HVDC grid. This advantage makes an HVDC grid more attractive [1]. However, the relatively low impedance in HVDC grids is a challenge when a short circuit fault occurs, because the fault penetration is much faster and deeper. Consequently, fast and reliable HVDC breakers are needed to isolate faults and avoid a collapse of the common HVDC grid voltage. Furthermore, maintaining a reasonable level of HVDC voltage is a precondition for the converter station to operate normally. In order to minimize disturbances in converter operation, particularly the operation of stations not connected to the faulty line or cable, it is necessary to clear the fault within a few milliseconds.Recently, plans for large scale use of embedded VSC-HVDC transmission in point-to-point overhead lines have been proposed, e.g. Germany, in the so-called Netzentwicklungsplan (NEP - Network Development Plan). New generation from remote sites such as renewable sources, are driving the case for VSC-HVDC systems in the areas of active power transmission and reactive power compensation. Here a the hybrid HVDC breaker can provide the additional benefit of interrupting HVDC line faults.Fast fault handling would enable the converter stations to operate as stand-alone static compensation units (STATCOMs) to stabilize voltage and increase transmission capacity in the AC grid during fault clearance.Existing mechanical HVDC breakers are capable of interrupting HVDC currents within several tens of milliseconds, [2] but are too slow to fulfill the requirements of a reliable HVDC grid. Furthermore, building mechanical HVDC breakers is in itself challenging and requires the installation of additional passive components to create the resonance circuit, and generate the current zero crossing so the breaker will succeed in breaking the current once it opens. Existing HVDC switches have been used for more than 30 years in the neutral switchyard of bipolar HVDC installations. Here they perform various functions, such as rerouting HVDC current during reconfiguration of the main circuit, or helping to extinguish fault currents. For example, the Metallic Return Transfer Breaker (MRTB) is used to commutate the current from the ground path to a metal conductor, when there are restrictions on how long an HVDC current can be routed through the ground. Other examples include the Ground Return Transfer Switch (GRTS), Neutral Bus Switch (NBS) and Neutral Bus Grounding Switch (NBGS). The two main differences between these transfer breakers and the hybrid HVDC breaker is that the transfer breakers operate considerably slower than the hybrid breaker, and that part of the current is transferred, rather than interrupted. These high-voltage switches or breaker systems use an AC-type of high-voltage breaker; the zero crossing of the HVDC fault current is imposed by discharge of a capacitor bank to generate a current opposite to the fault current, in order to extinguish the arc. These are large outdoor pieces of equipment, situated partly on air-insulated platforms in the HVDC converter station neutral switchyard. The direct voltage for these applications is usually only a few tens of kilovolts (kV).Developing a very fast mechanical HVDC breaker is a demanding task [3]. Semiconductor-based HVDC breakers easily overcome the limitations of operational speed and voltage, but generate large transfer losses - typically in the range of 30 percent of the losses of a voltage source converter station. The hybrid HVDC breaker has been developed to overcome these obstacles,This paper is structured as follows. First, the performance requirement of HVDC breakers as the main apparatus determining the system performance of an HVDC grid is highlighted. Next, a detailed description including the design principle is illustrated for the proposed hybrid HVDC breaker. Finally, some test results from a prototype of the main switch branch and the complete hybrid HVDC breaker are presented.2. SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTSAn HVDC grid is formed when more than two converter stations are interconnected on the HVDC side via HVDC cables or overhead lines. Each converter station or each terminal of the HVDC grid couples the HVDC grid to an AC grid. In order to maintain the converter`s active and reactive power control capability, it is normally requested that the HVDC voltage be above at least 80 percent of the nominal HVDC voltage. If the converters lose control capability due to low HVDC voltage, the consequences can be voltage collapse in the HVDC grid and high current or voltage stresses for the converter. This can also affect the coupled AC grid voltage. An HVDC short-circuit fault can, in the worst case, make HVDC voltage suddenly drop from nominal level to near zero at the fault location. The voltage reduction in other places of the HVDC grid depends mainly on the electrical distance to the fault location and HVDC reactors installed near the converter stations. For an HVDC grid connected by HVDC cables, a short-circuit fault typically has to be cleared within 5 milliseconds (ms), in order not to disturb converter stations as far away as 200 km, a - significantly different challenge compared to AC fault clearing times.HVDC grid system performance is not the only reason fast HVDC switches are necessary. From the point of view of HVDC breaker design, fast fault current breaking is crucial, as is shown in the following examples.Due to the voltage source converters and the capacitive nature of HVDC grids with interconnecting cables, an HVDC grid independent of the actual configuration has been depicted in the simplified equivalent shown in Figure 1(a) during the short time period representing the occurrence of an HVDC fault. The equivalent circuit includes an infinitely strong HVDC source, an HVDC reactor and the HVDC switch in parallel with an arrester.Figure 1(b) shows the electromagnetic transients when the current is broken. The current starts to rise when the fault occurs. When the switch opens, the current starts to decrease as it is commutated to the arrester. The fault current in the arrester bank establishes a counter voltage, which reduces the fault current to zero by dissipating the fault energy stored in the HVDC reactor and fault current path of the HVDC grid. The protective level of the arrester bank must exceed the HVDC voltage in the HVDC grid.Figure 1: Representation of an HVDC breaker in an HVDC gridTotal fault clearing time consists of two parts: breaking time corresponds to a period of rising current, and fault clearing corresponds to a period of decreasing current. Both time intervals are important considerations in the design and cost of the HVDC breaker, as well as the reactor.In practice, breaking time is governed by the response time of the protection, and the action time of the HVDC switch. A longer breaking time requires the HVDC switch to have an increased maximum current breaking capability. This increases the energy handled by the arrester and correspondingly leads to a higher cost for the HVDC breaker. Therefore it is important to keep breaking time as short as possible. When the breaking time and the maximum breaking current capability is given, the only adjustable parameter is the inductance of the HVDC reactor, which decides the rate of current rise. The HVDC reactor therefore needs to be selected in such a way, that within the breaking time, current does should not reach a level higher than the maximum breaking current capability of the HVDC breaker. However, the size of the HVDC reactor may be limited by factors like cost, and the stabilityof the HVDC grid system. Fault clearance Breaking current Breaking timeVSC HVDC Yard Fault (a) (b)The time duration for fault clearance will affect voltage dimensioning of the arrester as well as the pole voltage protection. A shorter fault clearance implies reduced power dissipation in the arrester bank, but it requires a higher voltage dimensioning of the arrester. On the other hand, an increase of the protective level of the arrester will result in a higher pole-to-pole voltage rating, and thus adds to the costs of the HVDC breaker.The following example provides a general impression of the relationship between the parameters mentioned above. Assuming a breaking time of 2 ms, which is possible for semiconductor-based HVDC switches, and an HVDC line fault close to the HVDC switchyard, the maximum rise of the fault current will be 3.5 kA/ms for a HVDC reactor of 100 mH in a 320 kV HVDC grid with 10 percent maximum overvoltage. For a given rated line current of 2 kA, the minimum required breaking capability of the HVDC breaker is 9 kA.3. HYBRID HVDC BREAKERAs presented in Figure 2, the hybrid HVDC breaker consists of an additional branch, a bypass formed by a semiconductor-based load commutation switch in series with a fast mechanical disconnector. The main semiconductor-based HVDC breaker is separated into several sections with individual arrester banks dimensioned for full voltage and current breaking capability, whereas the load commutation switch matches lower voltage and energy capability. After fault clearance, a disconnecting circuit breaker interrupts the residual current and isolates the faulty line from the HVDC grid to protect the arrester banks of the hybrid HVDC breaker from thermal overload.Figure 2: Hybrid HVDC breakerDuring normal operation the current will only flow through the bypass, and the current in the main breaker is zero. When an HVDC fault occurs, the load commutation switch immediately commutates the current to the main HVDC breaker and the fast disconnector opens. With the mechanical switch in open position, the main HVDC breaker breaks the current.The mechanical switch isolates the load commutation switch from the primary voltage across the main HVDC breaker during current breaking. Thus, the required voltage rating of the load commutation switch is significantly reduced. A successful commutation of the line current into the main HVDC breaker path requires a voltage rating of the load commutation switch exceeding the on-state voltage of the main HVDC breaker, which is typically in the kV range for a 320 kV HVDC breaker. This result in typical on-state voltages of the load commutation switch is in the range of several volts only. The transfer losses of the hybrid HVDC breaker concept are thus significantly reduced to a percentage of the losses incurred by a pure semiconductor breaker.The mechanical switch opens at zero current with low voltage stress, and can thus be realized as a disconnector with a lightweight contact system. The fast disconnector will be exposed to the maximum pole-to-pole voltage defined by the protective level of the arrester banks after first being in open position while the main HVDC breaker opens. Thomson drives [4] result in fast opening times and compact disconnector design using SF6 as insulating media.Proactive control of the hybrid HVDC breaker allows it to compensate for the time delay of the fast disconnector, if the opening time of the disconnector is less than the time required for selective protection. As shown in Figure 3, proactive current commutation is initiated by the hybrid HVDC breaker`s built-in overcurrent protection as soon as the HVDC line current exceeds a certainovercurrent level. The main HVDC breaker delays current breaking until a trip signal of the selected protection is received or the faulty line current is close to the maximum breaking current capability of the main HVDC breaker.To extend the time before the self-protection function of the main HVDC breaker trips the hybrid HVDC breaker, the main HVDC breaker may operate in current limitation mode prior to current breaking. The main HVDC breaker controls the voltage drop across the HVDC reactor to zero to prevent a further rise in the line current. Pulse mode operation of the main HVDC breaker orsectionalizing the main HVDC breaker as shown in Figure 3 will allow adapting the voltage across the main HVDC breaker to the instantaneous HVDC voltage level of the HVDC grid. The maximum duration of the current limiting mode depends on the energy dissipation capability of the arrester banks. Figure 3: Proactive control of hybrid HVDC breaker. LCS denotes load commutation switchOn-line supervision allowing maintenance on demand is achieved by scheduled current transfer of the line current from the bypass into the main HVDC current breaker during normal operation, without disturbing or interrupting the power transfer in the HVDC grid.Fast backup protection similar to pure semiconductor breakers is possible for hybrid HVDC breakers applied to HVDC switchyards. Due to the proactive mode, over-currents in the line or superiorswitchyard protection will activate the current transfer from the bypass into the main HVDC breaker or possible backup breakers prior to the trip signal of the backup protection. In the case of a breaker failure, the backup breakers are activated almost instantaneously, typically within less than 0.2 ms. This will avoid major disturbances in the HVDC grid, and keep the required current-breakingcapability of the backup breaker at reasonable values. If not utilized for backup protection, the hybrid HVDC breakers automatically return to normal operation mode after the fault is cleared.PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF THE HYBRID HVDC BREAKERThe hybrid HVDC breaker is designed to achieve a current breaking capability of 9.0 kA in an HVDC grid with rated voltage of 320 kV and rated HVDC transmission current of 2 kA. The maximumcurrent breaking capability is independent of the current rating and depends on the design of the main Main HVDC BreakerMax. Current ProtectionMax. Breaking CurrentProactiveSwitchingLCS opens Current LimitingFast Disconnectorin open positiont (ms) Selective Protection FaultMain HVDC Breaker Max. Temperature ProtectionExternal trip signal ofSelective Protection toMain HVDC Breaker I (A) DelayHVDC breaker only. The fast disconnector and main HVDC breaker are designed for switching voltages exceeding 1.5 p.u. in consideration of fast voltage transients during current breaking.The main HVDC breaker consists of several HVDC breaker cells with individual arrester banks limiting the maximum voltage across each cell to a specific level during current breaking. Each HVDC breaker cell contains four HVDC breaker stacks as shown in Figure 4. Two stacks are required to break the current in either current direction.IGBT HVDC Breaker PositionHVDC Breaker CellFigure 4: Design of 80kV main HVDC breaker cellEach stack is composed of up to 20 series connected IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) HVDC breaker positions. Due to the large di/dt stress during current breaking, a mechanical design with low stray inductance is required. Application of press pack IGBTs with 4.5 kV voltage rating [6] enables a compact stack design and ensures a stable short circuit failure mode in case of individual component failure. Individual RCD snubbers across each IGBT position ensure equal voltage distribution during current breaking. Optically powered gate units enable operation of the IGBT HVDC breaker independent of current and voltage conditions in the HVDC grid. A cooling system is not required for the IGBT stacks, since the main HVDC breaker cells are not exposed to the line current during normal operation.For the design of the auxiliary HVDC breaker, one IGBT HVDC breaker position for each current direction is sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the voltage rating. Parallel connection of IGBT modules increases the rated current of the hybrid HVDC breaker. Series connected, redundant IGBT HVDC breaker positions improve the reliability of the auxiliary HVDC breaker. A matrix of 3x3 IGBT positions for each current direction is chosen for the present design. Since the auxiliary HVDC breaker is continuously exposed to the line current, a cooling system is required. Besides water cooling, air-forced cooling can be applied, due to relatively low losses in the range of several tens of kW only.5. TEST RESULTS MAIN BREAKERDuring the design of the hybrid HVDC breaker prototype, different tests were performed in order to verify expected performance. The first test setup reported earlier focuses mainly on the control of semiconductor devices and their current breaking capability. The second test setup verifies both the voltage and current capability of one cell of the main HVDC breaker. The ongoing extension of this test setup will focus on the overall performance of the hybrid HVDC breaker. Due to big differences in voltage levels in the test setup, construction of the test circuits is quite different but the test procedure is similar.A scaled-down prototype of the main breaker cell with three series connected IGBT modules and a common arrester bank was used to verify the current-breaking capability of 4.5 kV StakPak IGBTs [6]in the first test circuit as shown in Figure 5. A fourth IGBT module was connected in opposite primary current direction to verify the functionality of the incorporated anti-parallel diode. Discharge of a capacitor bank by a thyristor switch, limited only by a minor DC reactor, represents pole-to-ground faults in the HVDC grid. The HVDC voltage level prior to the fault and after fault clearance is less critical, since the voltage stress across the IGBT HVDC breaker positions during current breaking depends on the applied arrester bank only.Figure 5: HVDC breaker component test circuitAs shown in Figure 6, the maximum current breaking capability of the IGBT HVDC breaker cell is determined by the saturation current of the applied IGBT modules rather than the safe operation area (SOA) as is typical in voltage source converter applications. The series connected HVDC breaker IGBT positions commutate the line current within 2 μs (microseconds) into the RCD snubber circuits, which limits the rate of rise in voltage across the positions to 300 V/μs. Zero voltage switching reduces the instantaneous switching losses and ensures equal voltage distribution independent of the tolerances in the switching characteristics of the applied IGBT modules.Figure 6: Maximum stress tests on IGBT HVDC breaker positions (left: Zoom)The line current commutates from the RCD snubber circuit into the arrester path after the commonvoltage across the IGBT HVDC breaker positions reaches the protective level of the arrester bank.n t-224681012-1000-800-600-400-2000200400600V o l a t g e (k V ) o r C u r r e n t (k A)-100102030405060No Saturation -224681012V o l t a g e (k V ) o r C u r r e n t (k A )Voltage Increase Position Failure ProperThe IGBT HVDC breaker positions passed the stress tests for breaking currents below 10 kA. For higher currents, the IGBT saturation current level is reached by the internal current limitation in the breaker, causing an immediate voltage drop across the IGBT modules. During a purposely destructive test, the resulting internal heat dissipation within the IGBT module destroys the encapsulated IGBT chips. Due to the use of presspack IGBTs, a reliable short circuit without mechanical destruction of the failed IGBT module is enabled. Since only one of the IGBT modules failed during the test, the fault can still be cleared by the two other modules.The nominal HVDC voltage per IGBT HVDC breaker cell is 80 kV. Due to the high voltage level, the second test setup requires a significantly larger space. In Figure 7, the test circuit for the hybrid HVDC breaker concept is shown. A ±150 kV HVDC switchyard supplies the containerized test equipment to verify the functionality of the main IGBT HVDC breaker represented by two series connected IGBT HVDC breaker stacks and a common arrester bank. The desired HVDC voltage level is built up by charging the capacitor bank C1. The reactor L1 is selected to give the expected current derivative(di/dt) during a short-circuit fault. The short-circuit fault is initiated by the triggered spark gap Q5.Figure 7: ABB’s c ontainerized HVDC breaker test circuitFigure 8 shows a typical test result. A maximum breaking current of over 9 kA is verified. The voltage across the HVDC breaker cell exceeds 120 kV during current commutation. The breaking capability of one 80 kV HVDC breaker cell thus exceeds 1 GVA. Furthermore, equal voltage distribution with a maximum voltage drop of 3.3 kV and a spread of less than 10 percent was only observed for the individual IGBT HVDC breaker positions in the HVDC breaker cell.Figure 8: Verification of modular IGBT HVDC breaker cell6. TEST RESULTS HYBRID HVDC BREAKERThe main breaker test setup described in Section 5 and reported earlier [8] was expanded to verify the complete hybrid HVDC breaker concept. A second capacitor bank and large reactors were installed to limit the rate of line current rise to typical HVDC grid values. The ultra-fast disconnector and load commutation switch are included in the system configuration.Successful verification testing at device and component level has proven the performance of the components. The complete hybrid HVDC breaker has now been verified in a demonstrator setup at ABB facilities. The diagram in Figure 9 shows a breaking event with peak current 8.5 kA and 2 ms delay time for opening the ultra-fast disconnector in the branch parallel to the main breaker. The maximum rated fault current of 8.5 kA is the limit for the existing generation of semiconductors. The next generation of semiconductor devices will allow breaking performance of up to 16 kA. The purpose of the tests was to verify switching performance of the power electronic parts, and the opening speed of the mechanical ultra-fast disconnector. The test object consisted of one 80 kV unidirectional main breaker cell, along with the ultra-fast disconnector and load commutation switch. The higher voltage rating is accomplished by connecting in series, several main breaker cells, but the switching stress per cell is the same as in the demonstrator. This series connection approach is also used to test conventional HVDC Light and HVDC Classic valves. Tests have not only been carried out for normal breaking events, but also for situations with failed components in the breaker, in order to verify reliable detection and safe operation in such cases.Figure 9: Verification of the hybrid HVDC breaker system7. OUTLOOK AND CONCLUSIONSFor onshore installations and typical HVDC grid switchyards, the HVDC reactor and disconnecting residual current breakers are installed outdoors, which significantly reduces the size of the valve hall required for the hybrid HVDC breaker. Sharing the HVDC reactors with other HVDC breakers installed in the switchyard can further reduce the size of the installation.Introduction of Bi-mode Insulated Gate Transistor (BiGT) technologies [7] incorporating the functionality of the reverse conducting diode on the IGBT chips will double the current breakingcapability of existing presspack modules. With maximum breaking currents of up to 16 kA and operating times within 2 ms including the time delay of the protection system, proactive hybrid HVDC breakers are well suited for use in HVDC switchyards to prevent the collapse of multi-terminal HVDC systems due to HVDC line faults.Fast, reliable and nearly zero loss HVDC breakers and current limiters based on the hybrid HVDC breaker concept have been verified at component and system levels at ABB’s high power laboratories in Sweden and Switzerland, for HVDC voltages up to 320 kV and rated currents of 2.6 kA. Thus HVDC grids can now be planned. The next step is to deploy the breaker in a real HVDC transmission line to test under continuous full load conditions.BIBLIOGRAPHY[1] E. Koldby, M. Hyttinen “Challenges on the Road to an Offshore HVDC Grid,” (Nordic WindPower Conference, Bornholm, Sept. 2009)[2]Å. Ekström, H. Härtel, H.P. Lips, W. Schultz “Design and testing of an HVDC circuit breaker,”(Cigré session 1976, paper 13-06)[3] C.M. Franck “HVDC Circu it Breakers: A Review Identifying Future Research Needs,” (IEEETrans. on Power Delivery, vol. 26, pp. 998-1007, April 2011)[4]J. Magnusson, O. Hammar, G. Engdahl “Modelling and Experimental Assessment of ThomsonCoil Actuator System for Ultra Fast Mechanical Switches for Commutation of Load Currents,”(International Conference on New Actuators and Drive Systems, Bremen, 14-16 Juni 2010) [5]G. Asplund “HVDC switch for current limitation in a HVDC transmission with voltage sourceconverters,” (European Patent EP0867998B1)[6]S. Eicher, M. Rahimo, E. Tsyplakov, D. Schneider, A. Kopta, U. Schlapbach, E. Caroll “4.5kVPress Pack IGBT Designed for Ruggedness and Reliability,” (IAS, Seattle, October 2004) [7]M. Rahimo, A. Kopta, U. Schlapbach, J. Vobecky, R. Schnell, S. Klaka “The Bi-mode InsulatedGate Transistor (BiGT) A potential technology for higher power applications,” (Proc. ISPSD09, p. 283, 2009)[8]J. Häfner, B. Jacobson, ” Proactive Hybrid HVDC Breakers - A key innovation for reliableHVDC grids,” (Cigré Bologna, P aper 0264, 2011)。