广东省深圳中学2020-2021学年度高一年级上学期期中测试试题
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深圳高级中学2020-2021学年第一学期期中测试题高一英语注意事项:1.答题前,考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
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第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AMusic and art festivals are fun and exciting events. If you're panning to go to a festival, it's important to plan your trip carefully to ensure that you re safe and have a good time.■Bring clothes to keep warm or coolIn addition t0 your fun festival clothing, pack a raincoat, some light tank tops, and a sweater or sweatshirt. Don't forget longer pants for cool evenings or bad weather. In general, it's best to leave your umbrella at home because they can be dangerous in large crowds.■Get a cheap te nt and sleeping bag for multi - day festivalsA majority of people end up throwing their tent away after long festivals, since they normally break from the use. Pick up a less expensive tent with enough room for you and your friends and pack a comfortable seeping bag for yourself, 1f you don't want to camp at the festival, remember to book an AirBnb or a hotel room nearby!■Place a first aid kit in a proper placeBefore the festival, buy a small first aid kit with band aids, and any medication that you need to take, in case you get minor injuries or a headache. Keep it in a proper place that's easily accessible, like your tent or car.1. Why should umbrellas be left at home?A. They take up too much space.B. The weather will be terrible.C. They might hurt someone.D. Travelers prefer raincoats,2. What do most people do with tents after festivals?A. Sell them.B. Return them.C. Pack them up.D. Throw them away.3. What is suggested about the first aid kit?A. It should be put at hand.B. It ought to be big enough.C. It must contain all medicines.D. It has to be placed in the car.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A【解析】这是一篇应用文。
【最新】广东省深圳市高中高一上学期期中数学试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.如果A ={x |x >-1},那么( ) A .0⊆AB .{0}∈AC .φ∈AD .{0}⊆A2.设f (x )=3x + 3x -8,用二分法求方程3x + 3x -8=0在x ∈(1,2)内近似解的过程中得f (1)<0,f (1.5)>0,f (1.25)<0,则方程的根落在区间( ). A .(1.25,1.5) B .(1,1.25) C .(1.5,2) D .不能确定3.若函数()y f x =是函数01xy a a a =>≠(,且)的反函数,且()21f =,则()f x =( ) A .B .C .D .24.若6.03=a ,2.0log 3=b ,36.0=c ,则( ).A .c b a >>B .b c a >>C .a b c >>D .a c b >> 5.高为H 、满缸水量为V 的鱼缸的轴截面如图所示,现底部有一个小洞,满缸水从洞中流出,若鱼缸水深为h 时水的体积为v ,则函数()v f h =的大致图像是( )A .B .C .D .6.下列函数中,既是偶函数又是区间上的增函数的是( ) A .3y x =B .1y x =+C .21y x =-+D .2x y -=7.{}{}1,2,3,,A b a b ==,则从A 到B 的映射共有( )个.A .4个B .6个C .8个D .9 个 8.函数()log 1a f x x =+(且).当(1,0)x ∈-时,恒有()0f x >,有( ).A .()f x 在(,0)-∞+上是减函数B .()f x 在(,1)-∞-上是减函数C .()f x 在(0,)+∞上是增函数D .()f x 在(,1)-∞-上是增函数9.已知函数f(x)={e x +a x ≤02x −1 x >0 ,若函数在R 上有两个不同零点,则的取值范围是( ). A .B .C .D .[10.函数的图象大致是( ).A .B .C .D .11.已知函数|lg |,010,()16,10.2x x f x x x <≤⎧⎪=⎨-+>⎪⎩若,,a b c 互不相等,且()()(),f a f b f c ==则abc 的取值范围是( )A .(1,10)B .(5,6)C .(10,12)D .(20,24)二、多选题12.(多选)设函数()f x ,()g x 的定义域都为R ,且()f x 是奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,则下列结论中正确的是( ) A .()()f x g x 是偶函数 B .()()f x g x +是偶函数 C .()|()|f x g x 是奇函数 D .|()()|f x g x 是奇函数三、填空题13.函数()f x =的定义域是______. 14.已知函数()2log ,0,3,0x x x f x x >⎧=⎨≤⎩则18f f ⎡⎤⎛⎫= ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦ . 15.已知偶函数()f x 的定义域为R ,当[0,)x ∈+∞时,()f x 单调递增.若(2)0f =,则满足不等式()0f x ≤的x 的取值范围是 . 16.函数f (x )=e x2+2x 的增区间为_______ . 17.设函数,对任意的 x 1、x 2(x 1≠x 2),考虑如下结论:①f (x 1·x 2)=" f" (x 1)+ f (x 2); ②f (x 1 + x 2)=" f" (x 1)·f (x 2); ③f (-x 1)= ; ④< 0 (x 1 ≠ 0); ⑤则上述结论中正确的是 .(只填入正确结论对应的序号)四、解答题18.(本小题满分12分)已知集合,集合.(1)若,求和;(2)若,求实数的取值范围.19.(本小题满分12分)求值:(1)()()40130.753350.0642169---⎛⎫⎡⎤--+-+ ⎪⎣⎦⎝⎭;(2)设3436x y ==,求21x y+的值. 20.已知f(x)为定义在[−1,1]上的奇函数,当时,函数解析式为f(x)=14x −12x .(Ⅰ)求f(x)在[0,1]上的解析式; (Ⅱ)求f(x)在[0,1]上的最值21..如图,有一块矩形空地ABCD ,要在这块空地上开辟一个内接四边形EFGH 为绿地,使其四个顶点分别落在矩形的四条边上.已知AB=a (a >2),BC=2,且AE=AH=CF=CG ,设AE=x ,绿地EFGH 面积为y .(1)写出y 关于x 的函数解析式,并求出它的定义域; (2)当AE 为何值时,绿地面积y 最大?并求出最大值. 22.(本小题满分10分)已知函数(a >0,且a≠1),=.(1)函数的图象恒过定点A ,求A 点坐标;(2)若函数的图像过点(2,),证明:方程在(1,2)上有唯一解.23.(本小题满分12分) 已知函数(Ⅰ)若1是关于x 的方程的一个解,求t 的值;(Ⅱ)当时,解不等式;(Ⅲ)若函数在区间上有零点,求t 的取值范围.参考答案1.D 【分析】根据元素与集合的关系和表示方法,以及集合与集合的关系及表示方法,逐项判定,即可求解. 【详解】由题意,集合的表示方法及元素与集合的关系,可得0A ∈,所以0A ⊆不正确; 由集合与集合的包含关系,可得{}0,A A φ⊆⊆,所以{}0,A A φ∈∈不正确, 其中{}0A ⊆是正确的. 故选D. 【点睛】本题主要考查了元素与集合的关系和表示方法,以及集合与集合的关系的判定及表示方法,属于基础题. 2.A 【解析】试题分析:根据根的存在性定理,又(1.25)0,(1.5)0f f <>,所以方程的根落在区间(1.25,1.5)上,故选A .考点:应用二分法确定方程的根所属的区间,方程的根的存在性定理. 3.A【解析】试题分析:根据反函数的性质,可知点()1,2在函数01xy a a a =>≠(,且)的图像上,所以有12a =,解得2a =,根据同底的指对函数互为反函数,所以有()2log f x x =,故选A .考点:反函数的概念,求函数解析式. 4.B 【解析】 试题分析:根据0.631>,3log 0.20<,300.61<<,所以其大小顺序为a c b >>,故选B .考点:指数幂和对数值比较大小.5.B 【分析】由函数的自变量为水深h ,函数值为鱼缸中水的体积,得到函数图像过原点,再根据鱼缸的形状,得到随着水深的增加,体积的变化速度是先慢后快再慢的,即可求解. 【详解】根据题意知,函数的自变量为水深h ,函数值为鱼缸中水的体积,所以当0h =时,体积0v =,所以函数图像过原点,故排除A 、C ;再根据鱼缸的形状,下边较细,中间较粗,上边较细,所以随着水深的增加,体积的变化速度是先慢后快再慢的,故选B. 【点睛】本题主要考查了函数的使用应用问题,其中解答中根据水缸的形状,得到函数的性质是解答的关键,着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力,属于基础题. 6.B 【解析】试题分析:因为A 项是奇函数,故错,C ,D 两项项是偶函数,但在(0,)+∞上是减函数,故错,只有B 项既满足是偶函数,又满足在区间(0,)+∞上是增函数,故选B . 考点:函数的奇偶性,单调性. 7.C【解析】试题分析:集合A 中有3个元素,集合B 中有2个元素,所以A 中的每个元素在B 中都有2个元素可以选择与其对应,所以一共有328=种不同的对应关系,故选C . 考点:映射. 8.D 【解析】试题分析:根据题意,当(1,0)x ∈-时,1(0,1)x +∈,而此时log 10a x +>,所以有01a <<,从而能够确定函数在(,1)-∞-上是增函数,在区间(1,)-+∞上是减函数,故选D . 考点:函数的单调性. 9.D【解析】试题分析:令2x −1=0,求得x =12,所以方程e x +a =0有一个非正根,即a =−e x ,x ∈(−∞,0]有解,又当x ≤0时,有−e x ∈[−1,0),所以a 的取值范围是[−1,0),故选D . 考点:函数的零点,取值范围问题的求解.【易错点睛】该题属于已知函数零点个数求参数的取值范围问题,属于中档题目,在求解的过程中,一定要把握住函数有两个不同零点的条件,而分段函数应该分段来处理,注意当x >0时,根据所给的函数解析式,求得一个零点12,所以等价于e x +a =0有一个非正根,所以等价于函数a =−e x ,x ∈(−∞,0]的值域,从而求得结果,一定要注意分段函数分段处理和函数的转化问题. 10.B 【解析】试题分析:在同一个坐标系中,画出函数ln y x =和212y x =的图像,能够发现ln y x =的图形始终落在12y x =的图像的上方,故有()0f x <恒成立,故选B . 考点:函数的图像的选取.【方法点睛】该题属于选择函数图像的问题,属于较易题目,在选择函数图像的过程中,注意把握选择函数图像的方法,注意观察函数的定义域,对称性,函数值的符号,函数图像所过的特殊点以及函数图像的对称性、单调性和周期性,结合在一起,肯定能够将对应的函数图像选出来. 11.C 【解析】试题分析:在坐标系中画出()f x 的图像如图,不妨设a b c <<,则1lg lg 6(0,1)2a b c -==-+∈,从而有1ab =,10612c <-+<,则(10,12)abc c =∈,故选D . 考点:数形结合思想.【方法点睛】该题属于函数的典型题,利用数形结合思想,研究一次函数、对数函数的图象,从而利用()()()f a f b f c ==,结合函数的图像以及对数的运算性质,得到abc c =,再从图中确定出c 的取值范围,求得abc 的取值范围. 12.BC 【分析】由题意可得,()f x 为偶函数,()g x 为偶函数.再根据两个奇函数的积是偶函数、两个偶函数的积或者和还是偶函数、一个奇函数与一个偶函数的积是奇函数,从而得出结论. 【详解】∵()f x 是奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,∴|()|f x 是偶函数,()g x 是偶函数.根据一个奇函数与一个偶函数的积是奇函数,可得()()f x g x 为奇函数,()()f x g x 为奇函数,故选项A 错误、C 正确;由两个偶函数的和还是偶函数知B 正确;由()()f x g x 为奇函数得()()f x g x 为偶函数,故D 错误. 故选BC. 【点睛】本题主要考查函数的奇偶性,注意利用函数的奇偶性规律,属于基础题. 13.[)()1,00,∞-⋃+ 【分析】由根式内部的代数式大于等于0且分式的分母不等于0联立不等式组求解x 的取值集合得答案. 【详解】由{100x x +≥≠,得1x ≥-且0x ≠.∴函数()f x x=的定义域为:[)()1,00,-⋃+∞; 故答案为[)()1,00,-⋃+∞.【点睛】本题考查了函数的定义域及其求法,是基础的会考题型. 14.127【解析】试题分析:根据题意有211()log 388f ==-,31(3)327f --==,故答案为127. 考点:分段函数求多层函数值.15.[2,?2]- 【解析】试题分析:根据偶函数的性质,可知函数在(,0]-∞上单调减,结合(2)0f =可知,()0f x ≤等价于2x ≤,从而求得x 的取值范围是[2,?2]-. 考点:偶函数的性质,不等式的解集. 16.[1,)-+∞ 【解析】 试题分析:222(1)1xxx e e ++-=,根据复合函数的单调性可以确定函数的增区间为函数2(1)1y x =+-的增区间,即[1,)-+∞.考点:复合函数的单调区间.【方法点睛】该题考查的是复合函数的单调区间的求解,属于中档题目,在求解的过程中,注意到复合函数单调性法则,同增异减,因为函数xy e =的是增函数,所以函数22()x xf x e+=的增区间转化为求二次函数2(1)1y x =+-的增区间即可.17.②③⑤ 【解析】试题分析:根据指数式的运算性质可知同底的指数幂相乘,底数不变,指数相加,故①是错的,②是对的,根据122xx-=,所以有③是正确的,当0x >时()1f x >,当0x <时0()1f x <<,从而有11()10f x x ->,故④是错误的,因为函数的图像是下凸的,结合函数的图像可以断定两个函数值的平均值大于两个自变量的平均值所对应的函数值,故⑤是正确的,所以答案为②③⑤. 考点:函数的性质.【思路点睛】该题考查的是函数的综合性质,属于较难题目,因为在选的过程中,少一个也不行,这就要求学生对函数的性质掌握的非常熟练,需要明确指数式的运算法则,可以确定②③是正确的,根据自变量的正负确定函数值与1的大小,从而确定④是错误的,结合函数图像的凹凸性,可以快速判断⑤是正确的. 18.(1),;(2)或.【解析】试题分析:第一问将代入求得集合B ,根据集合的交并集中元素的特点,从而求得两集合的交集和并集,第二问根据,可以确定B A ⊆,根据不定集合需要考虑集合B 为空集和非空两种情况,结合数轴可以求得结果. 试题解析:(1)若,则∴,;(2)∵,∴①若,则,∴②若,则或,∴所以,综上,或.考点:集合的运算及性质. 19.(1)2716; (2)1.【解析】试题分析:(1)指数式化简时首先将底数转化为幂指数形式后进行化简;(2)将已知条件的指数式转化为对数式,代入21x y+中利用对数运算公式求值 试题解析:(1)原式()4130.4122---=-+-+ 101114168=-++ 2716=;……(5分) (2)由3436x y==得,从而……7分21x y考点:指数式对数式运算20.(Ⅰ)f(x)在[0,1]上的解析式为f(x)=2x-4x;(Ⅱ)函数在[0,1]上的最大与最小值分别为0,-2.【解析】试题分析:(Ⅰ)设,则,利用条件结合奇函数的定义求f(x)在[0,1]上的解析式;(Ⅱ)设t=2x(t>0),则y=−t2+t,利用二次函数的性质求f(x)在[0,1]上的最值.试题解析:(Ⅰ)设x∈[0,1],则−x∈[−1,0].∴f(−x)=14−x−12−x=4x−2x又∵f(−x)=−f(x)=(4x−2x)∴f(x)=2x−4x所以,f(x)在[0,1]上的解析式为f(x)=2x−4x(Ⅱ)当x∈[0,1],f(x)=2x−4x=−(2x)2+2x.∴设t=2x(t>0),则y=−t2+t∵x∈[0,1],∴t∈[1,2]当t=1时x=0,f(x)max=0.当t=2时x=1,f(x)min=−2.所有,函数f(x)在[0,1]上的最大与最小值分别为考点:1、函数解析式的求解,2、函数的最值.21.(1),定义域为;(2)当,时,绿地面积最大值为;当,时,绿地面积最大值为.【解析】试题分析:第一问根据图形可以发现四边形的面积为长方形的面积减去四个三角形的面积即可求得结果,注意函数的定义域,第二问因为函数解析式中含有参数,该问题相当于求二次函数在给定区间上的最大值问题,需要对参数进行讨论,讨论的标准就是二次函数图像的对称轴与区间的关系,而分段函数的最大值为各段中的最大值中的较大者.试题解析:(1)如图,由题意,得,,所以.由得.故,定义域为(2)当,即时,则时,;当,即时,在上是增函数,则时,.综上所述,当,时,绿地面积最大值为;当,时,绿地面积最大值为.考点:函数的应用题.【易错点睛】该题属于函数的应用题,属于较难题目,第一问从图形中找四边形的面积满足的条件,那是最关键的,将四边形的面积转化为长方形的面积减去四个小三角形的面积是关键,一定要注意函数的定义域,即便题中没有让求函数的定义域,那也是必不可少的,尤其在第二问中求函数的最值的时候,一定要把握分段函数求最值的方法,以及含参的函数的最值的求解时都需要对参数进行讨论,一定要做的补充不漏.22.(1);(2)证明见解析.【解析】试题分析:第一问结合对数函数图像所过的定点,令21x +=,可以求得函数图像所过的定点,根据函数图像所过的点,将其代入,求得2a =,从而确定函数的解析式,根据函数的单调性,可以确定函数在给定区间上是增函数,根据函数零点存在性定理,可以求得结果. 试题解析:(1)(2)∵∴2a =∴()2log 2y x =+, 112x y -⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭分别为()2,-+∞上的增函数∴()F x 为()2,-+∞上的增函数∴()F x 在()2,-+∞上至多有一个零点 又()1,2∴()F x 在()1,2上至多有一个零点 而,∴()0F x =在()1,2上有唯一解考点:函数图像所过的定点,函数的单调性,函数零点存在性定理.23.(Ⅰ)2t =-;(Ⅱ)15{|}24x x <≤;(Ⅲ)2t ≤或t ≥【解析】试题分析:第一问将1x =代入式子,将方程转化为()2log 2log 2a a t =+,等价于()222t +=,从而求得结果,第二问结合对数函数的单调性,将不等式转化为相应的不等式组,从而求得结果,一定要注意首先保证函数的生存权,第三问将函数解析式化简,转化为函数值域来求解,利用换元的方法,结合对勾函数的性质求得结果. 试题解析:(Ⅰ)∵1是方程()()0f x g x -=的解, ∴()2log 2log 2a a t =+,∴()222t +=, 又∵20t +>,∴2t +=∴2t =-.(Ⅱ)∵1t =-时, ()()2log 1log 21a a x x +≤-, 又∵01a <<,∴()2121{ 210x x x +≥-->, ∴2450{ 12x x x -≤>∴504x ≤≤ ∴解集为: 15{|}24x x <≤; (Ⅲ) 解法一:∵()222F x tx x t =+-+ 由()0F x =得:22(2x t x x +=-≠-且12)x -<≤, ∴t =设2U x =+ (14U <≤且2U ≠±,则212424U t U U U U=-=--+-+, 令∵当时,是减函数,当时,是增函数, 且.∴且4≠.∴4-0<或204422U U<-+≤-, t 的取值范围为:.解法二:若0t =,则()2F x x =+在上没有零点.下面就0t ≠时分三种情况讨论:方程()0F x =在上有重根12x x =,则0∆=,解得: t =又1212x x t==-(]1,2∈-,∴t =;()F x 在上只有一个零点,且不是方程的重根,则有()()120F F -<,解得: 2t <-或1t >,又经检验: 2t =-或1t =时, ()F x 在上都有零点;∴2t ≤-或1t ≥. 方程()0F x =在上有两个相异实根,则有:()()00112{ 21020t t F F >∆>-<-<->>或()()00112{ 21020t t F F <∆>-<-<-<<解得:214t +<< 综合①②③可知: t 的取值范围为2t ≤-或24t ≥. 考点:方程的根,对数不等式的求解,函数有零点时参数的取值范围.【一题多解】第一问只要将对应的值代入即可,第二问注意不等式的等价转化,第三问有两种方法来解决,一种方法是应用方程有解,构造新函数,转化为函数的值域来完成,在求解的过程中,应用换元的方法,利用对勾函数的性质来完成,另一种方法是函数的解析式为貌似二次型,对二次项系数是否为零进行讨论,为零时验证,不为零时分方程在给定区间上有一个根,两个根来处理,根据一元二次方程根的分布来完成.。
1广东省深圳市深圳中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.古文献中记载提取硝酸钾的方法是“此即地霜也。
所在山泽、冬月地上有霜、扫取水淋汁、后煎炼而成”。
该文献涉及的混合物分离方法是A .萃取B .蒸馏C .结晶D .升华2.用N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法错误的是()A .常温常压下,48gO 2含有的氧原子数为3N AB .1L0.1mol/LCH 3CH 2OH 水溶液中含H 原子数目为0.6N AC .标准状况下,11.2L 氦气和氢气的混合气含有的分子数为0.5N AD .1.7gNH 3含有的质子数为N A3.如果不小心在食用油中混入部分水,请你选用下列最简便的方法对油水混合物进行分离A .B .C .D .4.下列说法不正确的是()A.1molO2中含有1.204×1024个氧原子,在标准状况下占有体积22.4LB.同温、同压下,相同体积的气体都含有相同数目的分子C.同温、同压下,相同质量的气体都占有相同的体积D.由0.2gH2和8.8gCO2、5.6gCO组成混合气体,其密度是相同状况下O2密度的0.913倍5.下列分离混合物的实验计划中不正确的是()A.分离乙酸(沸点77.1°C)与某种液态有机物(沸点120°C)的混合物——蒸馏B.将溴水中的溴转移到有机溶剂中——加入酒精萃取C.用CCl4萃取水中的碘,待液体分层后——下层液体从下口放出,上层液体从上口倒出D.从含有少量NaCl的KNO3溶液中提取KNO3——热水溶解、降温结晶、过滤6.下列各组数据中,前者刚好是后者两倍的是()A.20%NaOH溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度和10%NaOH溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度B.200mL1mol⋅L-1氯化钙溶液中c(C1-)和100mL2mol⋅L-1氯化钾溶液中c(Cl-)C.2mol水的摩尔质量和1mol水的摩尔质量D.64g二氧化硫中氧原子数和标准状况下22.4L一氧化碳中氧原子数7.为了除去粗盐中的Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-及泥沙,得到纯净的NaCl,可将粗盐溶于水,然后在下列操作中选取必要的步骤和正确的操作顺序是①过滤②加过量NaOH溶液③加适量盐酸④加过量Na2CO3溶液⑤加过量BaCl2溶液A.①④①②⑤③B.①②⑤④①③C.①②④⑤③D.④②⑤8.下列叙述中正确的是( )A.FeCl3溶液、Fe(OH)3胶体与Fe(OH)3沉淀的本质区别是有没有丁达尔效应B.根据分散系的稳定性大小将混合物分为胶体、溶液和浊液C.根据是否具有丁达尔效应,将分散系分为溶液、浊液和胶体D.胶体、分散系、混合物概念间的从属关系可用下图表示9.一定量的Fe2(SO4)3、ZnSO4、Na2SO4三种溶液分别与足量BaCl2溶液反应。
2021-2021学年广东省深圳中学高一上学期期中数学试题一、单项选择题1.设集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11=A ,{}5,9B =,那么A B =〔 〕 A .{}5,9 B .{}1,3,7,11C .{}1,3,7,9,11D .{}1,3,5,7,9,11【答案】B【分析】此题可根据补集的相关性质得出结果. 【详解】因为集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11=A ,{}5,9B =, 所以{}1,3,7,11A B =, 应选:B.2.计算log A .43B .34C .-43D .-34【答案】A【分析】432,再利用对数的运算性质得到对数的值.【详解】43224log log 23==,应选A . 【点睛】对数有如下的运算规那么:〔1〕()()log log log 0,1,0,0a a a M N MN a a M N +=>≠>>,()log log log 0,1,0,0a a aMM N a a M N N-=>≠>>; 〔2〕()log 0,1,0a NaN a a N =>≠>;〔3〕()log log 0,1,0,0p qa a qb b a a b p p=>≠>≠; 〔4〕()01001c a c log blog b a ,a ,b ,c ,c log a=>≠>>≠ . 3.函数2x y =的反函数的图象经过点〔 〕 A .()1,3 B .()0,1C .()3,1D .()1,0【答案】D【分析】写出函数2x y =的反函数,判断选项中的点是否满足即可. 【详解】函数2x y =的反函数为2log y x =,经过点()1,0 应选:D4.对于任意的实数x ,假设函数()f x 是22x -和x 中的较小者,那么()f x 的最大值是〔 〕 A .2- B .1-C .1D .2【答案】C【分析】令2()2(1)(2)g x x x x x =--=-+,根据()g x 的正负判断()f x 在每个区间上的解析式,结合函数单调性求得最大值. 【详解】令2()2(1)(2)g x x x x x =--=-+,那么[2,1]x ∈-,()0g x ≥;(,2)(1,)x -∞-∈+∞,()0<g x ,那么2,[2,1]()2,(,2)(1,)x x f x x x ∈-⎧=⎨-∈-∞-⋃+∞⎩, 根据函数单调性知,在[2,1]x ∈-上的最大值为(1)1f =,在(,2)x ∈-∞-上,()()22f x f <-=-,在(1,)x ∈+∞上,()()11f x f <=;综上所述,()f x 的最大值为1. 应选:C 5.函数241xy x =+的图象大致为〔 〕 A . B .C .D .【答案】A【分析】由题意首先确定函数的奇偶性,然后考查函数在特殊点的函数值排除错误选项即可确定函数的图象.【详解】由函数的解析式可得:()()241xf x f x x --==-+,那么函数()f x 为奇函数,其图象关于坐标原点对称,选项CD 错误;当1x =时,42011y ==>+,选项B 错误. 应选:A.【点睛】函数图象的识辨可从以下方面入手:(1)从函数的定义域,判断图象的左右位置;从函数的值域,判断图象的上下位置.(2)从函数的单调性,判断图象的变化趋势.(3)从函数的奇偶性,判断图象的对称性.(4)从函数的特征点,排除不合要求的图象.利用上述方法排除、筛选选项.6.设0.80.70.713,,log 0.83a b c -⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭,那么,,a b c 的大小关系为〔 〕A .a b c <<B .b a c <<C .b c a <<D .c a b <<【答案】D【分析】利用指数函数与对数函数的性质,即可得出,,a b c 的大小关系. 【详解】因为0.731a =>,0.80.80.71333b a -⎛⎫==>= ⎪⎝⎭,0.70.7log 0.8log 0.71c =<=,所以1c a b <<<. 应选:D.【点睛】此题考查的是有关指数幂和对数值的比拟大小问题,在解题的过程中,注意应用指数函数和对数函数的单调性,确定其对应值的范围. 比拟指对幂形式的数的大小关系,常用方法:〔1〕利用指数函数的单调性:x y a =,当1a >时,函数递增;当01a <<时,函数递减; 〔2〕利用对数函数的单调性:log a y x =,当1a >时,函数递增;当01a <<时,函数递减;〔3〕借助于中间值,例如:0或1等.7.偶函数()y f x =在()0,∞+递减,那么关于m 的不等式()12f f m ⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭的解集为〔 〕A .10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B .()0,2C .11,00,22⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭D .()()2,00,2-【答案】C【分析】将所求不等式变形为()12f f m ⎛⎫< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,结合条件可得出关于m 的不等式,由此可解得实数m 的取值范围.【详解】由于偶函数()y f x =在()0,∞+递减,由()12f f m ⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭可得()12f f m ⎛⎫< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭, 所以,12m >,所以,102m <<,解得102m -<<或102m <<. 应选:C.8.假设存在a R ∈且0a ≠,对任意的x ∈R ,均有()()()f x a f x f a +<+恒成立,那么称函数()f x 具有性质P .:1q :()f x 单调递减,且()0f x >恒成立;2q :()f x 单调递增,存在00x <使得()00f x =.假设q 是使得()f x 具有性质P 的充分条件,那么〔 〕 A .q 可以为1q ,不可以为2q B .q 可以为1q ,不可以为2q C .q 可以为1q ,也可以为2q D .q 既不可以为1q ,也不可以为2q【答案】C【分析】假设q 为1q ,当0a >,根据减函数的定义和条件,结合不等式性质,可得()()()()f x a f x f x f a +<<+成立;假设q 为2q ,取00a x =<根据增函数的定义和条件,结合不等式性质,可得()()()()f x a f x f x f a +<<+成立;【详解】假设q 为1q ,当1q 成立时,当0a >,有x a x +>. 因为()f x 单调递减,且()0f x >恒成立,所以()0f a >,所以()()()()f x a f x f x f a +<<+,所以1q 是使得()f x 具有性质P 的充分条件. 假设q 为2q ,当2q 成立时,当00a x =<时,0=x a x x x ++<,()()00f a f x ==. 因为()f x 单调递增,所以()()()()()0=f x a f x x f x f x f a ++<=+,所以2q 是使得()f x 具有性质P 的充分条件. 应选:C 二、多项选择题9.以下命题中,真命题的是〔 〕 A .1a >,1b >是1ab >的充分条件 B .0a b +=的充要条件是1ab=- C .命题“0x R ∃∈,使得20010x x ++<〞的否认是“x R ∀∈都有210x x ++≥〞D .命题“x R ∀∈,210x x ++≠〞的否认是“0x R ∃∈,20010x x ++=〞【答案】ACD【分析】直接利用充分条件,必要条件,充要条件判定选项A 、B 的结果, 直接利用命题的否认,特称命题和全称命题判定C 、D 的结果. 【详解】解:对于选项A .1a >,1b >,那么1ab >,所以A 正确; 对于选项B .0a =,0b =时,不能得1a b =-,由1ab=-得0a b +=,所以B 错误; 对于选项C .命题“0x R ∃∈,使得20010x x ++<〞的否认是“x R ∀∈都有210x x ++〞,所以C 正确;D .命题“x R ∀∈,210x x ++≠〞的否认是“0x R ∃∈,20010x x ++=〞,所以D 正确;应选:ACD .10.以下函数中,满足()()33f x f x =的是〔 〕 A .()2f x x = B .()f x x x =- C .()f x x =- D .()2f x x =+【答案】ABC【分析】逐一验证各个选项中的函数是否满足()()33f x f x =,从而得到结论. 【详解】对于A: ()2f x x =,因为()()323,323,f x x f x x ==所以()()33f x f x =,故A 正确;对于B: ()f x x x =-,因为()()()333=3=3f x x x x x f x =--,所以满足()()33f x f x =,故B 正确;对于C: ()f x x =-,因为()()33=3f x x f x =-,所以满足()()33f x f x =,故C 正确; 对于D: ()2f x x =+,因为()332f x x =+,而()336f x x =+,所以()()33f x f x ≠,故D 不正确. 应选:ABC11.假设0a b >>,0c d <<,那么一定有〔 〕 A .22a b > B .22c d >C .a b d c> D .a b d c< 【答案】ABD【分析】利用不等式的根本性质,即可得到答案;【详解】对A ,由0a b >>22a b ⇒>,故A 正确; 对B ,2200c d c d c d <<⇒->->⇒>,故B 正确;对D ,由0c d <<110c d ⇒<-<-,又0a b >>⇒a bd c <,故D 正确;应选:ABD12.在整个数学当中,一个首要的概念是函数.函数的定义是在数学家的不断研究而得到开展和完善的.德国著名数学家狄利克雷(1805--1859)给出一个数学史上著名的函数实例:()1,Q,0,Q.x D x x ∈⎧=⎨∉⎩狄利克雷函数()D x 具体而深刻地显示了函数是数集到数集的映射这个现代函数的观点〔 〕 A .函数()D x 有无数个零点 B .函数()1y D x =+是奇函数C .函数()D x 的值域是{}0,1 D .()()2020D x D x +=对任意x ∈R 恒成立【答案】ACD【分析】根据函数是数集到数集的映射的性质,对选项一一判断即可.【详解】对于A ,()0D x =对应的零点组成的集合为无理数集,有无数个,故A 正确;对于B ,函数()1,Q,10,Q.x y D x x ∈⎧=+=⎨∉⎩形式不变,不满足奇函数定义,故B 错误;对于C ,函数()D x 的值域是又0,1两个元素组成的集合,故C 正确;对于D ,因为x 与x +2021同属于有理数集或无理数集,而其在狄利克雷函数中的函数值是相同的,故D 正确; 应选:ACD 三、填空题13.集合{|1}A x x =>,{|}B x x a =>,假设A B ⊆,那么实数a 的取值范围是______. 【答案】(,1]-∞【分析】在数轴上画出两个集合对应的范围,利用A B ⊆可得实数a 的取值范围. 【详解】如图,在数轴表示,A B ,因为A B ⊆,故1a ≤,填(],1-∞.【点睛】含参数的集合之间的包含关系,应借助于数轴、韦恩图等几何工具直观地讨论参数的取值范围,解决此类问题时,还应注意区间端点处的值是否可取. 14.假设0a >,0b >,且41a b +=,那么41a b+的最小值为________.【答案】16【分析】利用1的代换可得4141()(4)a b a b a b+=++,展开后利用根本不等式,即可得到答案;【详解】414116()(4)8816b aa b a b a b a b+=++=++≥+, 等号成立当且仅当11,28a b ==,故答案为:16.15.Logistic ()I t 〔t 的单位:天〕的Logistic 模型:()()0.23531t K I t e --=+,其中K ()00.95I t K=时,标志着已初步遏制疫情,那么0t 约为________.〔ln193≈〕〔答案填整数〕 【答案】66【分析】解方程()()000.23530.951t K I t K e --==+可得结果.【详解】由()()000.23530.951t KI t K e--==+可得()00.235319t e -=,可得0ln1953660.23t =+≈. 故答案为:66.16.假设2112x x a -+<对任意[]1,1x ∈-恒成立,那么正数a 的取值范围为________.【答案】)+∞【分析】两边取自然对数,将不等式转化为一次函数的恒成立问题,即可得答案; 【详解】2112(21)ln 2(1)ln (2ln 2ln )ln 2ln 0x x a x x a a x a -+<⇔-<+⇒---<对任意[]1,1x ∈-恒成立,∴(2ln 2ln )1ln 2ln 0,(2ln 2ln )(1)ln 2ln 0,a a a a a -⨯--<⎧⇒⎨-⨯---<⎩故答案为:)+∞.四、解答题17.{}244150M x x x =-->,{}2560B x x x =-->,求M N ⋂,M N ⋃.【答案】32M N x x ⎧⋂=<-⎨⎩或}6x >,{1M N x x ⋃=<-或52x ⎫>⎬⎭. 【分析】求出集合M 、N ,然后利用交集和并集的定义可求出集合M N ⋂,M N ⋃.【详解】{}()(){}2344150232502M x x x x x x x x ⎧=-->=+->=<-⎨⎩或52x ⎫>⎬⎭, {}()(){}{25601601N x x x x x x x x =-->=+->=<-或}6x >.因此,32M N x x ⎧⋂=<-⎨⎩或}6x >,{1M N x x ⋃=<-或52x ⎫>⎬⎭.【点睛】此题考查交集与并集的计算,同时也涉及了一元二次不等式的求解,在求解无限数集之间的运算时,可充分利用数轴来理解,考查计算能力,属于根底题. 18.〔1〕11223a a -+=,求22a a -+的值; 〔2〕假设3log 41x =,求44x x -+的值. 【答案】〔1〕47;〔2〕103. 【分析】〔1〕由11223a a -+=平方可求得1a a -+的值,再平方可得答案. 〔2〕由条件结合对数运算性质可得4log 3x =,根据对数恒等式可得答案.【详解】解:〔1〕由11223a a-+=,得211229a a -⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,即129a a -++=,所以17a a -+=, 从而()2149a a -+=,即22249a a -++=,所以2247a a -+=. 〔2〕由3log 41x =得431log 3log 4x ==,所以由对数恒等式得 4441log log 3log 33444434xx--+=+=+110333=+=. 19.某公司共有60位员工,为提高员工的业务技术水平,公司拟聘请专业培训机构进行培训.培训的总费用由两局部组成:一局部是给每位参加员工支付400元的培训材料费;另一局部是给培训机构缴纳的培训费.假设参加培训的员工人数不超过30人,那么每人收取培训费1000元;假设参加培训的员工人数超过30人,那么每超过1人,人均培训费减少20元.设公司参加培训的员工人数为x 人,此次培训的总费用为y 元. 〔1〕求出y 与x 之间的函数关系式;〔2〕请你预算:公司此次培训的总费用最多需要多少元? 【答案】(1) 21400,030,{202000,3060,x x x Ny x x x x N≤≤∈=-+<≤∈ (2)50000 【分析】〔1〕依据参加培训的员工人数分段计算培训总费用. 〔2〕依据〔1〕求出函数的最大值即可.【详解】〔1〕当030,x x N ≤≤∈时,40010001400y x x x =+=; 当3060,x x N <≤∈时,400[100020(30)]y x x x =+--⋅ 2202000x x =-+,故21400,030,202000,3060,x x x N y x x x x N≤≤∈⎧=⎨-+<≤∈⎩〔2〕当030,x x N ≤≤∈时,14003042000y ≤⨯=元,此时x =30;当3060,x x N <≤∈时,2205020005050000y ≤-⨯+⨯=元,此时50x =.综上所述,公司此次培训的总费用最多需要50000元.【点睛】此题考察函数的应用,要求依据实际问题构建分段函数的数学模型并依据数学模型求实际问题的最大值,注意建模时理顺各数据间的关系. 20.函数()21x f x a e =-+是奇函数. 〔1〕求实数a 的值;〔2〕用单调函数的定义证明:函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞上单调递增;〔3〕假设()()22210f t t f t -+-<,求实数t 的取值范围.【答案】〔1〕1a =;〔2〕证明见解析;〔3〕11,,22⎛⎫⎛⎫-∞-+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.【分析】〔1〕利用奇函数的定义可求得a 的值;〔2〕任取1x 、()2,x ∈-∞+∞,12x x <,作差()()12f x f x -,因式分解,并判断()()12f x f x -的符号,由此可证得结论成立;〔3〕将所求不等式变形为()()2221f t t f t -<-,利用〔2〕中的结论可得出关于实数t的不等式,由此可求得实数t 的取值范围.【详解】〔1〕由题意知()()f x f x -=-恒成立,即2211x x a a e e -⎛⎫-=-- ⎪++⎝⎭, 所以()2122222211111x x x x x x xe e a e e e e e-+=+=+==+++++,故1a =; 〔2〕证明:任取1x 、()2,x ∈-∞+∞,12x x <,那么()()()()()121221121222211112111111x x x x x x x x e e f x f x e e e e e e -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-=---=-=⎪ ⎪ ⎪++++++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭, 由函数xy e =在(),-∞+∞单调递增,知12x x e e <,即120x x e e -<,且0x e >知()()()12122011x x x x e e e e -<++,即()()120f x f x -<,从而()()12f x f x <.故函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞单调递增; 〔3〕由函数()211x f x e =-+是奇函数,得()()()()()22222210211f t t f t f t t f t f t -+-<⇔-<--=-.由函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞单调递增,得()()22222121f t t f t t t t -<-⇔-<-,所以1||2t >,即12t <-或12t >.所以实数t 的取值范围为11,,22⎛⎫⎛⎫-∞-+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.21.关于x 的方程()()lg 22lg x x a =+的解集为M .〔1〕当12a =时,求集合M ; 〔2〕当12a <时,求集合M . 【答案】〔1〕M =∅;〔2〕答案见解析. 【分析】〔1〕当12a =时,根据对数函数的定义域和对数运算建立方程组,解之可得集合;〔2〕根据对数函数的定义域和对数运算建立方程组,分102a <<和0a ≤两种情况讨论得解集.【详解】解:〔1〕当12a =时,原方程为()()lg 22lg 21lg 2x x x =⇔⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭12lg 02x ⎛⎫=+≠ ⎪⎝⎭, 所以220,10,212,211,2x x x x x >⎧⎪⎪+>⎪⎪⎨⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎪⎪+≠⎪⎩即20,1,210,412x x x x x >⎧⎪⎪>-⎪⎪⎨-+=⎪⎪⎪≠⎪⎩解得12x =不合题意,舍去. 所以当12a =时,集合M =∅. 〔2〕当12a <时,()()()()lg 22lg 22lg 0lg x x x a x a =⇔=+≠+ 所以()220,0,2,1,x x a x x a x a >⎧⎪+>⎪⎨=+⎪⎪+≠⎩即220,,2(1)0,1.x x a x a x a x a >⎧⎪>-⎪⎨+-+=⎪⎪≠-⎩22[2(1)]44(12)a a a ∆=--=-, 由12a <得0∆>,所以关于x的方程222(1)0x a x a +-+=有两实根,分别记为11x a =-21x a =-因为12a <,所以110x a =-,且1()10x a --=>,即1x a >-,同时111x a a =--,即11x a ≠-, 所以当12a <时,11x a =-.令210x a =-=,得0a =.①当0a =时,210x a =-=,不合题意;②当0a <时,210x a =-,由2()10x a --=<知此时21x a =-③当0a >时,210x a =->,由2()10x a --=知2x a >-,且由211x a a =--得21x a ≠-,故此时21x a =-根. 综上所述,当102a <<时,原方程有两个实根11x a =-21x a =-集合{1a M a --=;当0a ≤时,原方程有且仅有一个实根1x a =-,即集合{1a M -=.22.设函数()y f x =与函数()()y f f x =的定义域的交集为D ,集合M 是由所有具有性质:“对任意的x D ∈,都有()()f f x x =〞的函数()f x 组成的集合.〔1〕判断函数()32f x x =-,()1g x x =-是不是集合M 中的元素?并说明理由; 〔2〕设函数()()1h x kx a k =+≠,()a x x xϕ=+,且()h x M ∈,假设对任意(]1,1x ∈-∞,总存在[)21x ∈+∞,,使()()1212h x x ϕ=成立,求实数a 的取值范围. 【答案】〔1〕()32f x x M =-∉,()g x M ∈,理由见解析;〔2〕(]),3945,⎡-∞-++∞⎣.【分析】〔1〕由得()()98f f x x x =-≠,()()11g g x x x=-=-,根据定义可得结论. 〔2〕由函数()h x M ∈,建立方程组可求得()h x x a =-+.再分1a ≤和1a >得出函数()x ϕ的单调性,建立不等式可求得实数a 的取值范围.【详解】解:〔1〕因为对任意x ∈R ,()()()332298f f x x x x =--=-≠,所以()32f x x M =-∉.因为对任意()(),00,x ∈-∞+∞,()()11g g x x x=-=-,所以()g x M ∈. 〔2〕因为函数()h x M ∈,且()()1h x kx a k =+≠,所以()()()h h x k kx a a x =++=,整理得21,0k ka a ⎧=⎨+=⎩,解得1,k a R =-⎧⎨∈⎩,或1,0k a =⎧⎨=⎩(舍去),故()h x x a =-+. 当(,1]x ∈-∞时,()[1,),a h x ∈-+∞,()11,22a h x -⎡⎫∈+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭. 对于函数()a x x xϕ=+, 当1a ≤时,()x ϕ在[)1,+∞上单调递增,故()[)1,x a ϕ∈++∞,由题意知112a a -+≤,解得3a ≤-; 当1a >时,()x ϕ在⎡⎣单调递减,在)+∞单调递增,故()x ϕϕ≥=12a -,解得9a ≥+综上所述,实数a 的取值范围为(]),3945,⎡-∞-++∞⎣.【点睛】关键点睛:此题考查函数的新定义,关键在于紧抓函数的定义,运用函数的性质:单调性,奇偶性,值域得以解决.。
深圳中学2020-2021学年度第一学期期中考试试题年级:高一科目:物理考试时长:75分钟卷面总分:100分一、单项选择题(每小题5分,共45分)1.智能手机上装载的众多APP软件改变着我们的生活.如图所示为某地图APP软件的一张截图,表示了某次导航的路径,其推荐路线中有两个数据:22分钟、9.8公里,下列相关说法正确的是()A.研究汽车在导航图中的位置时,可以把汽车看做质点B.22分钟表示的是某个时刻C.9.8公里表示了此次行程的位移的大小D.根据这两个数据,我们可以算出此次行程的平均速度的大小2.下列关于加速度的说法中正确的是()A.由a=可知,a与成正比,与成反比B.加速度是表示物体速度变化快慢的物理量C.物体加速度为零,则物体的速度一定为零D.物体运动速度越大,其加速度一定越大3.甲、乙两物体从同一点出发且在同一条直线上运动,它们的位移一时间(x-t)图像如下图所示,由图像可以看出在0-4s内()A.甲、乙两物体始终同向运动B.4s时甲、乙两物体间的距离最大C.甲的平均速度等于乙的平均速度D.甲、乙两物体之间的最大距离为4m4.伽利略对落体运动的研究,不仅确立了落体运动的规律,更重要的是开辟了一条物理学的研究之路.下列有关伽利略的研究过程叙述正确的是()A.他让物体从高处下落,记录高度和时间,找到物体下落高度与时间的平方成正比B.他在比萨斜塔上释放两个重量不一样的物体观察是否同时着地,从而得到自由落体运动的规律C.他采用了提出问题-假设(猜想)-数学推理-实验验证-得出结论-合理外推D.他在实验中利用斜面“冲淡”重力是为了测量时间5.人站在自动扶梯的水平踏板上,随扶梯斜向上匀速运动,如图所示,下列说法正确的是()A.人受到重力和支持力的作用B.人受到重力、支持力和摩擦力的作用C.人受到的合外力不为0D.人受到的合外力方向与速度方向相同6.如图所示,倾角=30°的斜面上有一重为G的物体,在斜面底边平行的水平推力F作用下沿斜面上的虚线匀速运动,若图中=45°,则()A.推力F一定是一个变力B.物体可能沿虚线向上运动C.物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数=D.物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数=7.如图所示ae为港珠澳大桥上四段110m的等距钢箱桥墩,一辆汽车(可视为质点)从a 点由静止开始做匀加速直线运动,通过ab段的时间为t,则通过ce段的时间为()A.tB.tC.D.8.一杂技演员,用一只手抛球,他每隔0.40s抛出一球,接到球便立即把球抛出,已知除抛、接球的时刻外,空中总有四个小球,将球的运动近似看做是竖直方向的运动,球到达的最大高度是(高度从抛球点算起,g=10m/s2)()A.1.6m B.2.4m C.3.2m D.4.0m 9.三个木块a、b、c和两个劲度系数均为500N/m的相同轻弹簧p、q用细绳连接如图,a 放在光滑水平桌面上,a、b质量均为1kg,c的质量为2kg.开始时p弹簧处于原长,木块都处于静止.现用水平力缓慢地向左拉p弹簧的左端,直到c物块刚好离开水平地面为止,g取10m/s2.该过程p弹簧的左端向左移动的距离是()A.6cmB.8cmC.10cmD.12cm二、多项选择题(选对得5分,少选得3分,错选或不选得0分)10.物体做直线运动时,有关物体加速度和速度的说法中正确的是()A.在匀速直线运动中,物体的加速度必定为零B.在匀加速直线运动中,物体的加速度必定为正C.物体的速度等于零,其加速度不一定等于零D.物体的加速度方向不变,速度的方向可能改变11.如图所示,某一弹簧秤外壳的质量为m,弹簧及与弹簧相连的挂钩质量忽略不计,将其放在水平面上.现用两水平拉力F1、F2分别作用在与弹簧相连的挂钩和与外壳相连的提环上,关于弹簧秤的示数,下列说法正确的是()A.只有F1>F2时,示数才为F1B.只有F1<F2时,示数才为F2C.不论F1、F2关系如何,示数均为F1D.不论F1、F2关系如何,弹簧秤收到的合力大小为12.如图所示,倾角为θ的斜面体c置于水平地面上,物块b置于斜面上,通过跨过光滑定滑轮的细绳与小盒a连接,连接b的一段细绳与斜面平行,连接a的一段细绳竖直,a连接在竖直固定在地面的弹簧上.现向盒内缓慢加入适量砂粒,a、b、c始终处于静止状态.下列判断正确的是()A.c对b的摩擦力可能减小B.地面对c的支持力一定减小C.地面对c的摩擦力一定增大D.弹簧的弹力可能增大三、实验题(每空2分,共12分)13.在“研究匀变速直线运动的规律”实验中,利用小车拖着纸带运动.如图所示为电火花打点计时器打出纸带的示意图,图中相邻两点间还有四个点未画出,已知打点计时器所用交流电源的频率为50Hz.(1)打点计时器工作的基本步骤如下:A.当纸带完全通过打点计时器后,及时关闭电源B.将纸带穿过打点计时器的限位孔,再将计时器插头插入相应的电源插座C.接通电源开关,听到放电声D.释放小车,拖动纸带运动上述步骤正确的顺序是___________.(按顺序填写步骤编号)(2)根据图中数据可以算出,小车在打C点时的速度大小为_________m/s;小车运动的平均加速度大小为a =_________m/s2(计算结果保留两位有效数字)14.在“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验中,某同学的实验情况如图甲所示,其中A为固定橡皮筋的图钉,O为橡皮筋与细绳的结点,OB和OC为细绳,图乙是在白纸上根据实验结果画出的图.(1)图乙中_______是力F1、F2的合力的理论值;_______是力F1、F2的合力的实际测量值.(2)本实验采用的科学方法是____________________A.理想实验法B.等效替代法C.控制变量法D.建立物理模型法四、综合题(每题14分,共28分)15.一辆汽车从静止开始做匀加速直线运动,已知途中先后经过相距27m的A、B两点所用时间为2s,汽车经过B点时的速度为15m/s.求:(1)汽车经过A点时的速度大小;(2)汽车从出发点到A点的平均速度大小.16.如图所示,A、B为竖直墙面上等高的两点,AO、BO为长度相等的两根轻绳,CO为一根轻杆,转轴C在AB中点D的正下方,AOB在同一水平面内,∠AOB=120°,∠COD=60°,若在O点处悬挂一个质量为m的物体,则平衡后绳AO所受的拉力和杆OC所受的压力分别为多少?参考答案1.A2.B3.C4.D5.A6.D7.C8.C9.D10.AD11.CD12.ABC13.(1)BCDA (2)1.9 2.0 14.(1)F F’(2)B15.(1)12m/s (2)6m/s16.mg mg。
2020-2021学年第一学期高一年级期中考试语文试卷命题人:本试卷共22题,共150分,共8页。
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一、基础选择题(每题3分,共27分)1.下列各项加点字的字形、字音,完全正确的一项是()(3分)A.百舸.(gě)着.(zhuó)恼谢公屐.(lǚ)B.佛.(fó)狸祠寥.(liáo)廓暖暖..(ài)远人村C.罅.(xià)隙城隅.(yú)轻拢慢捻抹.(mò)复挑D.纤.(qiān)云踟蹰..(chí chú)一樽还酹.(lèi)江月2.下列各项加点词语的理解,完全正确的一项是()(3分)A. 书生意气..(志趣,性格)采之欲遗.谁(给)枉用相存.(问候,探望)B. 次第..(当时对技艺高超的乐师的称呼)..(低眉,低头)善才..(光景,状况)摧眉C. 故垒.(军队营垒)羁.鸟(约束)青衫..(黑色单衣。
唐代官职较高的服色)D. 讪讪..(社日祭祀谷神的鼓声)俟.我于城隅(等待)..(不好意思的样子)社鼓3.下列各句中加点的成语,运用恰当的一项是()(3分)A.回首读书时,你我风华正茂,指点江山,激扬文字,曾几何时....,双鬓已然秋霜!B.对于孩子的毛病,他总是不以为然....,觉得这些毛病无关紧要,不必大惊小怪。
C.美国黑人电影明星福克斯和弗里曼在第七十七届奥斯卡奖角逐中当仁不让....,分别夺得最佳男主角奖和最佳男配角奖。
D.世界贸易组织小型部长会议历经9天的艰苦谈判,却因为一个关乎民生保障的问题而功亏一篑....。
2020-2021学年广东省深圳高级中学高一(上)期中数学试卷一、单选题(本大题共8小题,共40.0分)1. 已知集合A ={x ∈R|3x +2>0},B ={x ∈R|(x +1)(x −3)>0},则A ∩B =( )A. (−∞,−1)B. (−1,−23)C. ﹙−23,3﹚D. (3,+∞)2. 如果a <b <0,那么下列各式一定成立的是( )A. |a|<|b|B. a 2<b 2C. a 3<b 3D. 1a <1b3. 德国数学家秋利克在1837年时提出“如果对于x 的每一个值,y 总有一个完全确定的值与之对应,则y 是x 的函数,“这个定义较清楚地说明了函数的内涵,只要有一个法则,使得取值范围中的每一个值,有一个确定的y 和它对应就行了,不管这个对应的法则是公式、图象、表格还是其它形式.已知函数f(x)由如表给出,则f(f(2020))的值为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 20184. 若命题“∃x 0∈R ,使得x 02+mx 0+2m −3<0”为假命题,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A. [2,6]B. [−6,−2]C. (2,6)D. (−6,−2)5. 设a =0.60.3,b =0.30.6,c =0.30.3,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系为( )A. b <a <cB. a <c <bC. b <c <aD. c <b <a6. 若实数a ,b 满足1a +4b =√ab ,则ab 的最小值为( )A. √2B. 2C. 2√2D. 47. 已知函数f(x)={2x ,x ≥2(x −1)2,x <2,若关于x 的方程f(x)=k 有三个不同的实根,则数k 的取值范围是( )A. (0,1)B. (1,2)C. (0,2)D. (1,3)8. 已知函数f(x)=2+x2+|x|,x ∈R ,则不等式f(x 2−2x)<f(2x −3)的解集为( )A. (1,2)B. (1,3)C. (0,2)D. (1,32]二、多选题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)9.下列函数中,最小值是2的是()A. y=a2−2a+2a−1(a>1) B. y=√x2+2+1√x2+2C. y=x2+1x2D. y=x2+2x10.下列四个结论中正确的是()A. 命题“∃x0∈R,sinx0+cosx0<1”的否定是“∀x∈R,sinx+cosx≥1”B. 命题“至少有一个整数n,n2+1是4的倍数”是真命题C. “a>5且b>−5”是“a+b>0”的充要条件D. 当α<0时,幂函数y=xα在区间(0,+∞)上单调递减11.如图1是某条公共汽车线路收支差额y与乘客量x的图象(收支差额=车票收入−支出费用).由于目前本条线路亏损,公司有关人员将图1变为图2与图3,从而提出了扭亏为盈的两种建议.下面有4种说法中正确的是()A. 图2的建议是:减少支出,提高票价B. 图2的建议是:减少支出,票价不变C. 图3的建议是:减少支出,提高票价D. 图3的建议是:支出不变,提高票价12.对∀x∈R,[x]表示不超过x的最大整数.十八世纪,y=[x]被“数学王子”高斯采用,因此得名为高斯函数,人们更习惯称为“取整函数”,则下列命题中的真命题是()A. ∃x∈R,x≥[x]+1B. ∀x,y∈R,[x]+[y]≤[x+y]C. 函数y=x−[x](x∈R)的值域为[0,1)D. 若∃t∈R,使得[t3]=1,[t4]=2,[t5]=3…,[t n]=n−2同时成立,则正整数n的最大值是5三、单空题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)13.已知函数f(x)=a x−2−4(a>0,a≠1)的图象恒过定点A,则A的坐标为.14.若函数f(x)=ax2+2ax+1在[1,2]上有最大值4,则a的值为.15.y=f(x)是定义域R上的单调递增函数,则y=f(3−x2)的单调递减区间为.16.对于函数f(x),若在定义域存在实数x,满足f(−x)=−f(x),则称f(x)为“局部奇函数”.若函数f(x)=4x−m⋅2x−3是定义在R上的“局部奇函数”,则实数m 的取值范围为.四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70.0分)17.化简求值:(1)0.064−13−(−18)0+1634+0.2512(2)12lg25+lg2+(13)log32−log29×log32.18.设函数y=√−x2+7x−12的定义域为集合A,不等式1x−2≥1的解集为集合B.(1)求集合A∩B;(2)设p:x∈A,q:x>a,且p是q的充分不必要条件,求实数a的取值范围.19.已知函数f(x)=a x(a>0且a≠1)在区间[1,2]上的最大值与最小值的和为6.(1)求函数f(x)解析式;(2)求函数g(x)=f(2x)−8f(x)在[1,m](m>1)上的最小值.20.已知函数f(x)是R上的偶函数,当x≥0时,f(x)=x3.(1)求x<0时f(x)的解析式;(2)解关于x的不等式f(x+1)≥8f(x).21.为了研究某种药物,用小白鼠进行试验,发现药物在血液内的浓度与时间的关系因使用方式的不同而不同.若使用注射方式给药,则在注射后的3小时内,药物在白鼠血液内的浓度y1与时间t满足关系式:y1=4−at(0<a<43,a为常数),若使用口服方式给药,则药物在白鼠血液内的浓度y2与时间t满足关系式:y2={√t,0<t<13−2t,1≤t≤3,现对小白鼠同时进行注射和口服该种药物,且注射药物和口服药物的吸收与代谢互不干扰.(1)若a=1,求3小时内,该小白鼠何时血液中药物的浓度最高,并求出最大值?(2)若使小白鼠在用药后3小时内血液中的药物浓度不低于4,求正数a的取值范围.22. 定义在R 上的函数g(x)和二次函数ℎ(x)满足:g(x)+2g(−x)=e x +2e x −9,ℎ(−2)=ℎ(0)=1,ℎ(−3)=−2. (1)求g(x)和ℎ(x)的解析式;(2)若对于x 1,x 2∈[−1,1],均有ℎ(x 1)+ax 1+5≥g(x 2)+3−e 成立,求a 的取值范围;(3)设f(x)={g(x),x >0ℎ(x),x ≤0,在(2)的条件下,讨论方程f[f(x)]=a +5的解的个数.答案和解析1.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查一元二次不等式的解法,交集及其运算,考查计算能力,属于基础题.先求出集合B和A,然后利用交集运算求解A∩B.【解答】解:因为B={x∈R|(x+1)(x−3)>0}={x|x<−1或x>3},},又集合A={x∈R|3x+2>0}={x|x>−23}∩{x|x<−1或x>3}={x|x>3},所以A∩B={x|x>−23故选:D.2.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查了不等式的基本性质,属基础题.根据条件取特殊值a=−2,b=−1,即可排除ABD;由不等式的基本性质,即可判断C.【解答】解:由a<b<0,取a=−2,b=−1,则可排除ABD;由a<b<0,根据不等式的基本性质可知C成立.故选:C.3.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查函数值的求法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意函数性质的合理运用.先求出f(2020)=2018,从而f(f(2020))=f(2018),由此能求出结果.【解答】解:由题意知:f(2020)=2018,f(f(2020))=f(2018)=3.故选:C.4.【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查存在量词命题的真假,二次不等式恒成立,考查转化思想.先写出原命题的否定,再根据原命题为假,其否定一定为真,利用不等式对应的是二次函数,结合二次函数的图象与性质建立不等关系,即可求出实数m的取值范围.【解答】解:命题“∃x0∈R,使得x02+mx0+2m−3<0”的否定为:“∀x∈R,都有x2+mx+2m−3≥0”,由于命题“∃x0∈R,使得x02+mx0+2m−3<0”为假命题,则其否定为真命题,∴Δ=m2−4(2m−3)≤0,解得2≤m≤6.则实数m的取值范围是[2,6].故选:A.5.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了幂函数和指数函数的性质,是基础题.利用幂函数y=x0.3在(0,+∞)上单调递增,比较出a,c的大小,再利用指数函数y=0.3x 在R上单调递减,比较出b,c的大小,从而得到a,b,c的大小关系.【解答】解:∵幂函数y=x0.3在(0,+∞)上单调递增,且0.6>0.3,∴0.60.3>0.30.3,即a>c,∵指数函数y=0.3x在R上单调递减,且0.6>0.3,∴0.30.6<0.30.3,即b<c,∴b<c<a,故选:C.6.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查了利用基本不等式求最值,属于基础题.由已知得a,b>0,利用√ab=1a +4b≥2√1a⋅4b即可得出ab≥4,验证等号成立的条件.【解答】解:实数a,b满足1a +4b=√ab,则a,b>0.∴√ab=1a +4b≥2√1a⋅4b,可得ab≥4,当且仅当1a =4b,a=1,b=4时取等号.则ab的最小值为4.故选:D.7.【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查函数零点与方程根的关系,考查数形结合思想,属于中档题.题目等价于函数y=f(x)的图象与直线y=k有3个交点,作出图象,数形结合即可【解答】解:作出函数f(x)的图象如图:若关于x 的方程f(x)=k 有三个不同的实根,即函数y =f(x)的图象与直线y =k 有三个交点,根据图象可知,k ∈(0,1). 故选:A .8.【答案】A【解析】 【分析】本题考查分段函数的性质以及应用,注意将函数解析式写出分段函数的形式,属于中档题.根据题意,将函数的解析式写出分段函数的形式,据此作出函数的大致图象,据此可得原不等式等价于{x 2−2x <0x 2−2x <2x −3,解可得x 的取值范围,即可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,函数f(x)=2+x2+|x|={−4x−2−1,x <01,x ≥0,其图象大致为:若f(x 2−2x)<f(2x −3),则有{x 2−2x <0x 2−2x <2x −3,解可得:1<x <2,即不等式的解集为(1,2);故选:A.9.【答案】AC【解析】【分析】本题考查了基本不等式的应用,关键掌握应用基本不等式的基本条件,一正二定三相等,属于基础题.根据应用基本不等式的基本条件,分别判断即可求出.【解答】解:对于A:a−1>0,y=a2−2a+2a−1=(a−1)2+1a−1=(a−1)+1a+1≥2√(a−1)⋅1a−1=2,当且仅当a−1=1a−1,即a=2时取等号,故A正确;对于B:y=√x2+2√x2+2≥2,当且仅当√x2+2=√x2+2,即x2=−1时取等号,显然不成立,故B错误;对于C:y=x2+1x2≥2√x2⋅1x2=2,当且仅当x=±1时取等号,故C正确;对于D:当x<0时,无最小值,故D错误.故选:AC.10.【答案】AD【解析】【分析】本题考查命题的真假的判断,考查充要条件,命题的否定,幂函数的性质等知识的应用,是基本知识的考查.利用命题的否定判断A;令n=2k和n=2k+1,k∈Z分析n2+1是不是4的倍数判断B;根据充要条件判断C;由幂函数的性质判断D即可.【解答】解:命题“∃x0∈R,sinx0+cosx0<1”的否定是“∀x∈R,sinx+cosx≥1”,满足命题的否定形式,所以A正确;令n=2k,k∈Z,则n2+1=4k2+1不是4的倍数,令n=2k+1,k∈Z,则n2+1=4k2+4k+2不是4的倍数,所以“至少有一个整数n,n2+1是4的倍数”是假命题,所以B不正确;“a>5且b>−5”推出“a+b>0”成立,反之不成立,如a=5,b=−4,满足a+ b>0,但是不满足a>5且b>−5,所以“a>5且b>−5”是“a+b>0”的充要条件不成立,所以C不正确.当α<0时,幂函数y=xα在区间(0,+∞)上单调递减,满足幂函数的性质,所以D正确;故选:AD.11.【答案】BD【解析】【分析】本题考查了用函数图象说明两个量之间的变化情况,主要根据实际意义进行判断,考查了读图能力和数形结合思想.根据题意知图象反应了收支差额y与乘客量x的变化情况,即直线的斜率说明票价问题;当x=0的点说明公司的支出情况,再结合图象进行说明.【解答】解:根据题意和图(2)知,两直线平行即票价不变,直线向上平移说明当乘客量为0时,收入是0但是支出的变少了,即说明了此建议是减少支出而保持票价不变;由图(3)看出,当乘客量为0时,支出不变,但是直线的倾斜角变大,即相同的乘客量时收入变大,即票价提高了,即说明了此建议是提高票价而保持支出不变,故选:BD.12.【答案】BCD【解析】【分析】本题考查函数新定义,正确理解新定义是解题基础,由新定义把问题转化不等关系是解题关键.由新定义得[x]≤x <[x]+1,可得函数f(x)=x −[x]值域判断C ;根据题意,若n ≥6,则不存在t 同时满足1≤t <√23,√46≤t <√56,n ≤5时,存在t ∈[√35,√23)满足题意,判断D . 【解答】解:∀x ∈R ,x <[x]+1,故A 错误;由“取整函数”定义可得,∀x ,y ∈R ,[x]≤x ,[y]≤y ,由不等式的性质可得[x]+[y]≤x +y ,所以[x]+[y]≤[x +y],B 正确;由定义得[x]≤x <[x]+1,所以0≤x −[x]<1,所以函数f(x)=x −[x]的值域是[0,1),C 正确;若∃t ∈R ,使得[t 3]=1,[t 4]=2,[t 5]=3,…[t n ]=n −2同时成立,则1≤t <√23,√24≤t <√34,√35≤t <√45,√46≤t <√56,…√n −2n ≤t <√n −1n ,因为√46=√23,若n ≥6,则不存在t 同时满足1≤t <√23,√46≤t <√56,只有n ≤5时,存在t ∈[√35,√23)满足题意,故选:BCD .13.【答案】(2,−3)【解析】 【分析】本题主要考查指数函数的性质,利用a 0=1的性质是解决本题的关键.比较基础. 根据指数函数的性质,令指数为0进行求解即可求出定点坐标. 【解答】解:由x −2=0得x =2,此时f(2)=a 0−4=1−4=−3, 即函数f(x)的图象过定点A(2,−3), 故答案为:(2,−3)14.【答案】38【解析】 【分析】口向上和向下两种情况判定函数值在何时取最大值,并根据最大值为4,即可求出对应的实数a的值【解答】解:当a=0时,f(x)=1,不符合题意,舍去.当a≠0时,f(x)的对称轴方程为x=−1,(1)若a<0,则函数图象开口向下,函数在[1,2]递减,当x=1时,函数取得最大值4,即f(1)=a+2a+1=4,解得a=1(舍).(2)若a>0,函数图象开口向上,函数在[1,2]递增,当x=2时,函数取得最大值4,即f(2)=4a+4a+1=4,解得a=3,8,综上可知,a=38.故答案为:3815.【答案】[0,+∞)【解析】【分析】本题考查了复合函数的单调性问题,考查二次函数的性质,属于中档题.根据复合函数单调性“同增异减”的原则,问题转化为求y=3−x2的单调递减区间,求出即可.【解答】解:根据复合函数单调性“同增异减”的原则,因为y=f(x)是定义域R上的单调递增函数,要求y=f(3−x2)的单调递减区间,即求y=3−x2的单调递减区间,而函数y=3−x2在[0,+∞)单调递减,故y=f(3−x2)的单调递减区间是[0,+∞),故答案为:[0,+∞).16.【答案】[−2,+∞)【分析】本题考查函数与方程的关系,关键是理解“局部奇函数”的定义,属于拔高题.根据“局部奇函数“的定义便知,若函数f(x)是定义在R上的“局部奇函数”,只需方程(2x+2−x)2−m(2x+2−x)−8=0有解.可设2x+2−x=t(t≥2),从而得出需方程t2−mt−8=0在t≥2时有解,从而设g(t)=t2−mt−8,由二次函数的性质分析可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,由“局部奇函数”的定义可知:若函数f(x)=4x−m⋅2x−3是定义在R上的“局部奇函数”,则方程f(−x)=−f(x)有解;即4−x−m⋅2−x−3=−(4x−m⋅2x−3)有解;变形可得4x+4−x−m(2x+2−x)−6=0,即(2x+2−x)2−m(2x+2−x)−8=0有解即可;设2x+2−x=t(t≥2),则方程等价为t2−mt−8=0在t≥2时有解;设g(t)=t2−mt−8=0,必有g(2)=4−2m−8=−2m−4≤0,解可得:m≥−2,即m的取值范围为[−2,+∞);故答案为:[−2,+∞).17.【答案】解:(1)0.064−13−(−18)0+1634+0.2512=0.43×(−13)−1+24×34+0.52×12=2.5−1+8+0.5=10;(2)12lg25+lg2+(13)log32−log29×log32=lg5+lg2+3−log32−2(log23×log32)=1+12−2=−12.【解析】本题考查了指数幂和对数的运算的性质,属于基础题.(1)根据指数幂的运算性质计算即可;(2)根据对数的运算性质计算即可.18.【答案】解:由题意得:−x2+7x−12≥0,解得:3≤x≤4,故A=[3,4],∵1x−2≥1,∴x−3x−2≤0,解得:2<x≤3,故B=(2,3],(1)A∩B={3};(2)设p:x∈A,q:x>a,且p是q的充分不必要条件,即[3,4]⫋(a,+∞),故a<3,故a的取值范围是(−∞,3).【解析】本题考查了一元二次不等式的求解,集合的交集运算,考查了充分必要条件,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.(1)分别求出集合A,B,求出A∩B即可;(2)根据集合的包含关系求出a的范围即可.19.【答案】解:(1)函数f(x)=a x(a>0且a≠1)在区间[1,2]上的最大值与最小值之和为6,则a+a2=6,即a2+a−6=0,解得a=2或a=−3(舍),故a=2,∴f(x)=2x;(2)g(x)=f(2x)−8f(x)=22x−8⋅2x,令2x=t,则原函数化为ℎ(t)=t2−8t,t∈[2,2m],其对称轴方程为t=4,当2m≤4,即1<m≤2时,函数最小值为(2m)2−8⋅2m=4m−8⋅2m;当2m>4,即m>2时,函数的最小值为42−8×4=−16.∴g(x)=f(2x)−8f(x)在[1,m](m>1)上的最小值为g(x)min={4m−8⋅2m,1<m≤2−16,m>2.【解析】本题考查指数函数的解析式、单调性与最值,二次函数的性质,是中档题.(1)根据指数函数的性质建立方程a+a2=6,即可求a的值,进一步得到函数解析式;(2)求出函数g(x)=f(2x)−8f(x)的解析式,换元后对m分类,利用二次函数的性质求最值.20.【答案】解:(1)根据题意,设x <0,则−x >0,则f(−x)=(−x)3=−x 3,又由f(x)为偶函数,则f(x)=f(−x)=−x 3, 故x <0时f(x)的解析式为f(x)=−x 3; (2)根据题意,f(x)为偶函数,则f(x)=f(|x|), 所以8f(x)=8f(|x|)=8×|x|3=(2|x|)3=f(2|x|), 又由当x ≥0时,f(x)=x 3,在[0,+∞)上为增函数;则f(x +1)≥8f(x)⇔f(|x +1|)≥f(|2x|)⇒|x +1|≥|2x|, 变形可得:3x 2−2x −1≤0,解可得:−13≤x ≤1,即不等式的解集为[−13,1].【解析】本题考查函数的奇偶性的性质以及应用,涉及绝对值不等式的解法,属于中档题.(1)根据题意,设x <0,则−x >0,由函数的解析式可得f(−x)=(−x)3=−x 3,结合函数的奇偶性分析可得答案;(2)根据题意,由函数的奇偶性以及解析式分析可得原不等式等价于|x +1|≥|2x|,解可得x 的取值范围,即可得答案.21.【答案】解:(1)当a =1时,药物在白鼠血液内的浓度y 与时间t 的关系为:y =y 1+y 2={−t +√t +4,0<t <17−(t +2t),1≤t ≤3; ①当0<t <1时,y =−t +√t +4=−(√t −12)2+174,所以当t =14时,y max =174;②当1≤t ≤3时,∵t +2t ≥2√2,当且仅当t =√2时取等号, 所以y max =7−2√2(当且仅当t =√2时取到),因为174>7−2√2, 故当t =14时,y max =174.(2)由题意y ={−at +√t +4(0<t <1)7−(at +2t )(1≤t ≤3) ① −at +√t +4≥4 ⇒ −at +√t ≥0 ⇒ a ≤√t ,又0<t <1,得出a ≤1;令u =1t ,则a ≤−2u 2+3u,u ∈[13,1],可得(−2u 2+3u )min =79 所以a ≤79, 综上可得0<a ≤79, 故a 的取值范围为(0,79].【解析】本题考查学生的函数思想,考查学生分段函数的基本思路,用好分类讨论思想,注意二次函数最值问题,基本不等式在求解该题中作用.恒成立问题的处理方法.用好分离变量法.(1)建立血液中药物的浓度与时间t 的函数关系是解决本题的关键,要根据得出的函数关系式采取合适的办法解决该浓度的最值问题;二次函数要注意对称轴和区间的关系、还要注意基本不等式的运用;(2)分段求解关于实数a 的范围问题,注意分离变量法的应用.22.【答案】解:(1)∵g(x)+2g(−x)=e x +2e x −9,∴g(−x)+2g(x)=e −x +2e x −9, 由以上两式联立可解得,g(x)=e x −3; ∵ℎ(−2)=ℎ(0)=1,∴二次函数的对称轴为x =−1,故设二次函数ℎ(x)=a(x +1)2+k , 则{a +k =14a +k =−2,解得{a =−1k =2,∴ℎ(x)=−(x +1)2+2=−x 2−2x +1;(2)由(1)知,g(x)=e x −3,其在[−1,1]上为增函数,故g(x)max =g(1)=e −3,∴ℎ(x 1)+ax 1+5≥e −3+3−e =0对任意x 1∈[−1,1]都成立,即x 12+(2−a)x 1−6≤0对任意x ∈[−1,1]都成立,∴{1−(2−a)−6≤01+(2−a)−6≤0,解得−3≤a ≤7, 故实数的a 的取值范围为[−3,7];(3)f(x)={e x −3,x >0−x 2−2x +1,x ≤0,作函数f(x)的图象如下,令t=f(x),a∈[−3,7],则f(t)=a+5∈[2,12],①当a=−3时,f(t)=2,由图象可知,此时方程f(t)=2有两个解,设为t1=−1,t2=ln5∈(1,2),则f(x)=−1有2个解,f(x)=ln5有3个解,故共5个解;②当−3<a<e2−8时,f(t)=a+5∈(2,e2−3),由图象可知,此时方程f(t)=a+5有一个正实数解,设为t3=ln(a+8)∈(ln5,2),则f(x)=t3=ln(a+8)有3个解,故共3个解;③当a=e2−8时,f(t)=a+5=e2−3,由图象可知,此时方程f(t)=a+5有一个解t4=2,则f(x)=t4=2有2个解,故共2个解;④当e2−8<a≤7时,f(t)=a+5∈(e2−3,12],由图象可知,此时方程f(t)=a+5有一个解t5=ln(a+8)∈(2,ln15],则f(x)=t5有1个解,故共1个解.【解析】本题考查函数解析式的求法,考查不等式的恒成立问题及函数零点与方程解的关系,旨在考查数形结合及分类讨论思想,属于中档题.(1)运用构造方程组法可求g(x),运用待定系数法可求ℎ(x);(2)原问题等价于x12+(2−a)x1−6≤0对任意x1∈[−1,1]都成立,进而求得实数a的取值范围;(3)作出函数f(x)的图象,结合图象讨论即可.。
2020-2021学年深圳高级中学高一上学期期中化学试卷一、单选题(本大题共18小题,共54.0分)1.下列有关物质的性质与用途不具有对应关系的是()A. 浓硫酸具有脱水性,可用作干燥剂B. 氧化铝熔点高,可用作耐高温材料C. 氢氧化铁胶体具有吸附性,可用于净水D. 小苏打能与盐酸反应,可用于治疗胃酸过多2.提出元素周期律并根据周期律编制第一个元素周期表的科学家是()A. 道尔顿B. 牛顿C. 门捷列夫D. 阿佛加德罗3.某高分子化合物的结构简式如图所示,则其单体的名称为()A. 乙烯和2−甲基−1,3−戊二烯B. 2,4−二甲基−1,3−己二烯C. 2,4−二甲基−2−已烯D. 乙烯和2−甲基−1,3−丁二烯4.炎热的夏季里,能喝上一口冰镇饮料是非常惬意的事情。
目前,一种人称“摇摇冰”的即冷即用饮料已经上市。
所谓“摇摇冰”,是指吸食前将饮料隔离层中的制冷物质和水混合摇动能使罐中饮料冷却。
若该制冷物质可以在下列物质中选择,它应该是()。
A. 氯化钠B. 固体硝酸铵C. 固体氧化钠D. 固体氢氧化钠5.下列实验操作:①用50mL量筒量取5mL蒸馏水;②称量没有腐蚀性固体药品时,把药品放在托盘上称量;③浓硫酸沾到皮肤上要立即用大量水冲洗,并涂上稀硼酸;④蒸馏时温度计的水银球应插在溶液中;⑤分液漏斗分液时,上层液体应打开活塞从下口放出;⑥固体药品用细口瓶保存.其中错误的是()A. ①②③B. ③④C. ②⑤⑥D. 全部6.下列说法中正确的是()A. 在标准状况下,1mol H2SO4的体积约为22.4LB. 1molH2所占的体积约为22.4LC. 在标准状况下,28gCO和N2的混合物的体积约为22.4LD. 在标准状况下,N A个分子所占的体积约为22.4L(N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值)7.朱自清先生在《荷塘月色》中写道:“薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里…月光是隔了树照过来的,高处丛生的灌木,落下参差的斑驳的黑影…”月光穿过薄雾所形成的种种美景的本质原因是()A. 空气中的小水滴颗粒大小约为10−9m~10−7mB. 光是一种胶体C. 雾是一种分散系D. 发生丁达尔效应8.下列物质在久置过程中会发生变质,且变质过程中仅发生复分解反应的是()A. NaB. 氯水C. NaOHD. Na2O29.如图中a、b、c、d、e、f为含Cl元素的物质。
2020-2021学年广东省深圳中学高一上学期期中物理试卷一、单选题(本大题共8小题,共40.0分)1.一汽车沿平直公路运动,某段时间内的速度−时间图象如图所示,则()A. 在0−t1时间内,汽车做匀减速直线运动B. 在0−t1时间内,汽车的位移等于v1t1C. 在t1−t2时间内,汽车的平均速度等于v1+v22D. 在t1−t2时间内,汽车的平均速度小于v1+v222.“中秋团圆日,天宫问天时”我国第二座空间实验室“天宫二号”于2016年9月15日22时04分09秒成功升空,如图为火箭点火升空瞬间时的照片,关于这一瞬间的火箭的速度和加速度判断,下列说法正确的是()A. 火箭的速度很小,但加速度可能较大B. 火箭的速度很大,加速度可能也很大C. 火箭的速度很小,所以加速度也很小D. 火箭的速度很大,但加速度一定很小3.某物体运动的速度图象如图所示,则物体做()A. 往复运动B. 朝某一方向的变速直线运动C. 朝某一方向的匀加速直线运动D. 朝某一方向的匀减速直线运动4.如图,质量为52kg的体操运动员肖若腾在自由操比赛时,有两手臂对称支撑,竖直倒立静止的比赛动作,此时设两臂夹角为2θ,重力加速度大小为g=10m/s2,则()A. 若θ不同时,肖若腾受到的合力不同B. 若θ不同时,肖若腾双手受地面支持力可大于520NC. 若θ=60°时,肖若腾单手所受地面的支持力大小为320ND. 若θ=30°时,肖若腾单手所受地面的支持力大小为260N5.小华用手握住水杯保持静止状态,下列说法正确的是()A. 杯子受到的重力与摩擦力是一对平衡力B. 杯子受到的压力是杯子形变产生的C. 杯子和手之间没有相对运动趋势D. 手给杯子的压力越大,杯子受到的摩擦力越大6.如图所示,一小球(可视为质点)沿直线从a点运动到c点,b点为ac的中点。
小球从a点到b点和从b点到c点所用时间均为t,在a点的速度为v1,在b点的速度为v2,在c点的速度为v3.下列说法正确的是()A. 小球做匀速直线运动,即v1=v2=v3B. 小球从a点运动到b点的平均速度为v1+v22C. 小球从b点运动到c点的加速度为(v3−v2)D. 小球从a点运动到b点的平均速度等于从点运动到c点的平均速度7.阅读下列内容,回答3~4题问题:电动自行车以其时尚、方便、快捷深受广大中学生的喜爱。
2020-2021学年广东省深圳中学高一上学期期中物理复习卷一、单选题(本大题共9小题,共37.0分)1.在下列各物体中,可视为质点的物体有()A. 研究公路上行驶汽车的转弯情况B. 研究汽车轮胎上各点的运动情况C. 表演精彩动作的芭蕾舞演员D. 参加一千五百米赛跑的运动员2.下列说法正确的是()A. 木块放到桌子上所受到向上的支持力是由于木块发生微小形变而产生的B. 重力是由于地球对于物体的吸引而产生的,其方向总是垂直向下C. 两个相互接触的物体之间不一定有弹力的作用,但不接触的两物体之间肯定没有弹力的作用D. 运动的物体不可能受到静摩擦力的作用3.一个学生在110米跨栏测验中,测得他在中间时刻10s时的瞬时速度是6m/s,到达终点时的瞬时速度是7.5m/s,则全程内的平均速度大小是()A. 6m/sB. 5.75m/sC. 5.5m/sD. 5.25m/s4.做匀变速直线运动的物体,初速度为20m/s,方向沿x轴正方向,经过2s,末速度变为20m/s,方向沿x轴负方向.若规定以x轴正方向为正,则其加速度和2s内的平均速度分别是()A. 20m/s2;0B. 0;20m/sC. −20m/s2;0D. −20m/s2;20m/s5.如图所示,木块静止在固定在水平面上的斜面上,则木块受力的个数为()A. 1个B. 2个C. 3个D. 4个6.列车出站的运动可视为匀加速直线运动,如果车头经过站牌时的速度为2m/s,车尾经过该站牌时的速度为2√10m/s,则这列车上距车头为总车长的三分之一距离处的位置经过该站牌时速度为()A. √10m/sB. 4.0m/sC. 5.0m/sD. 2+2√10m/s37.如图所示,甲同学用手拿着一把长50cm的直尺,并使其处于竖直状态;乙同学把手放在直尺0刻度线位置做抓尺的准备.某时刻甲同学松开直尺,直尺保持竖直状态下落,乙同学看到后立即用手抓直尺,手抓住直尺位置的刻度值为20cm;重复以上实验,乙同学第二次手抓住直尺位置的刻度值为10cm.直尺下落过程中始终保持竖直状态.若从乙同学看到甲同学松开直尺,到他抓住直尺所用时间叫“反应时间”,取重力加速度g=10m/s2.则下列说法中不正确的是()A. 乙同学第一次的“反应时间”比第二次长B. 乙同学第一次抓住直尺之前的瞬间,直尺的速度约为4m/sC. 若某同学的“反应时间”大于0.4s,则用该直尺将无法用上述方法测量他的“反应时间”D. 若将尺子上原来的长度值改为对应的“反应时间”值,则可用上述方法直接测出“反应时间”8.一根弹簧,劲度系数为K=1000牛/米,在弹簧两端有两人向相反方向各用20牛的力水平地拉弹簧,那么弹簧的伸长量是()A. 2厘米B. 4厘米C. 0D. 1厘米9.如图是一物体做直线运动的速度−时间图象,根据图象,下列计算结果正确的有()A. 0~1s内的位移是1mB. 0~2s内的位移是2 mC. 0~1s内物体处于静止状态D. 1~2s内的加速度大小为2m/s2二、多选题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)10.如图所示,D是斜面AC的中点,AD段和DC段分别由两种不同的材料构成.现有一小滑块(可视成质点)从斜面顶端A处由静止开始滑下,恰能滑到AC的底端C处静止.则关于滑块在斜面AC上的运动情况,下列说法正确的是()A. 滑块在AD段运动的平均速率大于在DC段运动的平均速率B. 滑块在AD段和DC段运动的加速度大小相等C. 滑块在AD段和DC段运动中克服摩擦力做的功相等D. 滑块在AD段和DC段运动中时间相等11.如图所示,水平传送带A,B两端相距S=4.5m,工件与传送带间的动摩擦因数μ=0.1,工件滑上A端瞬时速度v A=5m/s,达到B端的瞬时速度设为v B,则下列说法正确的是()A. 若传送带不动,则v B=4m/sB. 若传送带顺时针匀速转动,v B可能等于3m/sC. 若传送带逆时针匀速转动,v B一定等于4m/sD. 若传送带顺时针匀速转动,v B不可能大于4m/s12.如图所示的直线和曲线分别是在平直公路上行驶的汽车a和b的位移−时间(x−t)图线。
2020-2021学年广东省深圳中学高一(上)期中化学试卷一、单项选择题(每小题只有一个答案符合题意,共15小题,每小题3分,共45分)1. 分类是学习和研究化学的一种重要方法,下列分类合理的是()A.KOH和Na2CO3都属于碱B.K2CO3和K2O都属于盐C.Na2O和Na2SiO3都属于氧化物D.H2SO4和HNO3都属于酸2. 下列关于胶体的叙述不正确的是()A.光线透过胶体时,胶体中可发生丁达尔效应B.胶体区别于其他分散系的本质特征是分散质的微粒直径在10−9∼10−7m之间C.用平行光照射NaCl溶液和Fe(OH)3胶体时,产生的现象相同D.Fe(OH)3胶体能够使水中悬浮的固体颗粒沉降,达到净水目的3. 下列各组两种物质投入水中反应,均可用同一离子方程式表示的是()A.HCl+Na2CO3、HCl+NaHCO3B.HCl+Na2CO3、NaHSO4+K2CO3C.H2S+NaOH、H2SO4+KOHD.BaCl2+Na2SO4、Ba(OH)2+NaHSO44. 某溶液中只可能含有下列离子中的几种(不考虑溶液中含的较少的H+和OH−)Na+、NH4+、SO42−、CO32−、NO3−.取200mL该溶液,分为等体积的两份分别做下列实验.实验1:第一份加入足量的烧碱并加热,产生的气体在标准状况下为224mL.实验2:第二份先加入足量的盐酸,无现象,再加足量的BaCl2溶液,得固体2.33g.下列说法正确的是()A.该溶液中肯定含有NH4+、S042−、CO32−、NO3−B.该溶液中可能含有Na+C.该溶液中一定含Na+,且c(Na+)≥0.1 mol/LD.该溶液中一定不含NO3−5. 下列各组溶液,能在强酸性或强碱性中都能大量共存且无色的离子组是()A.Ba2−、Na+、SO42−、NO3−B.Cu2+、K+、CO32−、NH4+C.Na+、H+、HCO3−、Cl−D.K+、Na+、NO3−、SO42−6. 已知在酸性溶液中,下列物质氧化KI时,自身发生如下变化:Fe3+→Fe2+;MnO4−→Mn2+;Cl2→2Cl−;HNO3→NO.如果分别用等物质的量的这些物质氧化足量的KI,得到I2最多的是()A.MnO4−B.Fe3+C.Cl2D.HNO37. 对于反应:KClO3+6HCl=KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2O,若有0.1molKClO3参加反应,下列说法正确的是()A.转移电子1.806×1023个B.被氧化的HCl为0.6molC.产生气体为6.72LD.还原剂占参加反应HCl的568. 汽车剧烈碰撞时,安全气囊中发生反应10NaN3+2KNO3→K2O+5Na2O+16N2↑.若氧化产物比还原产物多1.75mol,则下列判断正确的是()A.有0.250mol KNO3被氧化B.生成40.0LN2(标准状况)C.转移电子的物质的量为1.25molD.被氧化的N原子的物质的量为3.75mol9. 某同学将金属钠露置于空气中,观察到下列现象:银白色→变灰暗→变白色一出现液滴→白色固体,其变质过程中不可能产生的物质是()A.NaOHB.Na2OC.Na2CO3D.Na2O210. 下列关于Na2CO3、NaHCO3的性质比较中,正确的是()A.热稳定性:Na2CO3<NaHCO3B.与盐酸反应的剧烈程度:Na2CO3>NaHCO3C.常温下的溶解度:NaHCO3<Na2CO3D.等质量的固体与足量的盐酸反应放出CO2的质量:NaHCO3>Na2CO311. 实验室用MnO2和浓盐酸在加热条件下反应制取Cl2.下列说法正确的是()A.盛浓盐酸的分液漏斗可用长颈漏斗代替B.MnO2是反应的氧化剂,盐酸是还原剂C.用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液可除去Cl2中混有的HClD.Cl2能使湿润的有色布条褪色,说明Cl2具有漂白性12. 将一盛满Cl2的试管倒立在水槽中,当日光照射相当长一段时间后,试管中最后剩余气体约占试管容积的()A.1 2B.23C.14D.1313. 同温同压下,等质量的下列气体所占有的体积最大的是()A.O2B.CH4C.CO2D.SO214. 用N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法中不正确的是()A.25∘C,1.01×105Pa,64g SO2中含有的原子数为3N AB.含有N A个氦原子的氦气在标准状况下的体积约为22.4LC.0.1mol O3分子中所含的电子数为2.4N AD.在标准状况下,11.2L H2O含有的分子数为0.5N A15. 同温同压下,a g甲气体和2a g乙气体所占的体积之比为1:2,根据阿伏加德罗定律判断,下列叙述不正确的是()A.甲与乙的相对分子质量之比为1:1B.同温同压下甲和乙的密度之比为1:1C.等质量的甲和乙中的原子数之比为1:1D.同温同体积下等质量的甲和乙的压强之比为1:1二、不定项选择题(共5小题,每小题均有一个两个选项符合题意,全对得4分,错选得0分,漏选得2分,共20分)下列各组离子中能大量共存,溶液呈现无色,且加入一小块钠后仍然能大量共存的是()A.Na+、NO3−、K+、Cl−B.K+、MnO4−、SO42−、H+C.Ba2+、Na+、HCO3−、NO3−D.Ca2+、NO3−、Cl−、CO32−下列各组物质中,所含分子数一定相同的是()A.150∘C、1.01×105Pa时,18L H2O和18L CO2B.1g H2和8g O2C.0.1 mol HCl和2.24L HeD.常温常压下,28g CO和6.02×1022个分子下列离子方程式错误的是()A.大理石与醋酸反应:CO32−+2CH3COOH=2CH3COO−+H2O+CO2↑B.氢氧化钠液与过量的碳酸氢钙溶液反应:OH−+Ca2++HCO3−=CaCO3↓+H2OC.(NH4)2SO4和FeSO4的混合溶液与足量NaOH反应:Fe2++20H−=Fe(OH)2↓D.澄清石灰水中通入过量的二氧化碳:CO2+OH−=HCO3−锡是大名鼎鼎的“五金”金、银、铜、铁、锡之一。
2020-2021学年广东省深圳市部分学校高一上学期期中考试数学试题一、单项选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.已知全集{010}U A B x N x =⋃=∈|≤≤,(){1,3,5,7}U A C B ⋂=,则B ( )A .{2,4,6,8,9,10}B .{1,2,3,6,9,7}C .{1.3,5,7}D .{0,2,4,6,8,9,10}2.下列函数中是奇函数,又在定义域内为减函数的是( )A .1yx=B .3y x =-C .2y x =D .|2|y x =+3.若,,a b c R ∈,且a b >,则下列不等式中一定成立的是( )A .22ac bc >B .22a b >C .11a b< D .22a b -<-4.如图,将水注入下面四种容器中,注满为止.如果注水量V 与水深h 的函数关系的图象如图所示,那么容器的形状是( )A .B .C .D .5.已知定义在R 上的奇函数()f x 是单调函数,且()f x 是单调函数,1(1)2f -=,则( ) A .1(2)2f f ⎛⎫-< ⎪⎝⎭B .1(2)2f f ⎛⎫-> ⎪⎝⎭C .1(2)2f f ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭ D .112f ⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭6.设函数11,02()1,0x x f x x x⎧-≥⎪⎪=⎨⎪<⎪⎩,若()f a a =,则实数a 的值为( )A .1±B .-1C .-2或-1D .1±或-27.已知关于x 的一元二次不等式210kx x -+<的解集为(,)a b ,则2a b +的最小值是( )A .6B .526+C .322+D .38.《几何原本》卷2的几何代数法(以几何方法研究代数问题)成了后世西方数学家处理问题的重要依据,通过这一原理,很多的代数的公理或定理都能够通过图形实现证明,也称之为无字证明.现有如图所示图形,点F 在半圆O 上,点C 在直径AB 上,且OF AB ⊥,设AC a =,BC b =,则该图形可以完成的无字证明为( )A .2a bab +≥(0a >,0b >) B .222a b ab +≥(0a >,0b >)C .2abab a b ≤+(0a >,0b >) D .2222a b a b ++≤0a >,0b >) 二、多项选择题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对得5分,部分选对得3分,有选错的得0分) 9.下列各组函数中是同一函数的是( )A .()f x x =与2()g x xB .||()x f x x =与1,0()1,0x g x x >⎧=⎨-<⎩ C .()1f x x =-与21()1x g x x -=+D .2()1f x x =+与2()1g t t =+10.有以下说法,其中正确的为( )A .“x ,y 为无理数”是“xy 为无理数”的充分条件B .“x A B ∈⋂”是“x A ∈”的必要条件C .“230x x --=”是“3x =”的必要条件D .“1x >”是“11x<”的充分不必要条件 11.集合{32,}M x x k k Z =|=-∈,{31,}P y y n n Z =|=+∈,{61,}S z z m m Z =|=+∈之间的关系表述正确的有( )A .S PB .S MC .P M =D .P S12.设1a >,1b >,且()1ab a b -+=,那么( )A .a b +有最小值1)B .a b +有最大值21)C .ab 有最大值5+D .ab 有最小值3+二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.若函数1()2f x x =+,则()f x 的定义域是________. 14.已知()y f x =是奇函数,当0x ≥时,23()f x x =,则(8)f -的值是________.15.定义在R 上的偶函数()f x 在[0,)+∞上是增函数,又(3)0f -=,则不等式(3)()0x f x -<的解集为________.16.不等式23x ax a ->-对一切34x ≤≤恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是________. 四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程及演算步骤. 17.(10分)已知集合{1}A x a x a =|<<+,{11}B x x =||+|≤.(1)若1a =,求AB ;(2)在①A B ⋂=∅,②()RB A ⋂=∅,③()R B A R ⋃=,这三个条件中任选一个作为已知条件,求实数a 的取值范围.(注:如果选择多个条件分别解答,则按第一个解答计分)18.(12分)已知幂函数()af x x =的图象经过点12A ⎛⎝. (1)求实数a 的值;(2)用定义法证明()f x 在区间(0,)+∞上是减函数.19.(12分)已知二次函数()f x 满足(1)()48f x f x x +-=-,(0)0f =.(1)求()f x 的解析式;(2)设()1()g x kx f x =+-,若()F x =在区间[1,2]上是增两数,求实数的取值范围.20.已知命题:“0x R ∃∈,使得200250x mx m +++<”为假命题.(1)求实数m 的取值集合A ;(2)设不等式(1)(12)0x a x a -+-+<的解集为集合B ,若x A ∈是x B ∈的充分不必要条件.求实数a 的取值范围.21.某公司为了变废为宝,节约资源,新上了一个从生活垃圾中提炼生物柴油的项目.经测算,该项目月处理成本y (元)与月处理量x (吨)之间的函数关系可以近似地表示为:322180540,[120,14)312008000,[144,,500)2x x x x y x x x ⎧-+∈⎪⎪=⎨⎪--∈⎪⎩且每处理一吨生活垃圾,可得到能利用的生物柴油价值为200元,若该项目不获利,政府将给予补贴.(1)当[200,300]x ∈时,判断该项目能否获利?如果获利,求出最大利润:如果不获利,则政府每月至少需要补贴多少元才能使该项目不亏损?(2)该项目每月处理量为多少吨时,才能使每吨的平均处理成本最低?22.已知()f x 是定义在[2,2]-上的奇函数,且(2)3f =若对任意的m ,[2,2]n ∈-,0m n +≠,都有()()0f m f n m n+>+.(1)若(21)()0f a f a -+-<,求实数a 的取值范围;(2)若不等式()(52)1f x a t ≤-+对任意[2,2]x ∈-和[1,2]a ∈-都恒成立,求实数t 的取值范围.高一数学参考答案、提示及评分细则1.D 2.B 3.D4.A 根据题意考虑当向高为H 的容器中注水为高为H 一半时,注水量V 与水深h 的函数关系.如图所示,此时注水量V 与容器容积关系是V <容器的容积的一半.A 选项符合题意.5.B()f x 是R 上的奇函数,且()f x 是单调函数,1(1)2f -=, (0)0f ∴=,(1)(0)f f ->,()f x ∴在(,)-∞+∞上单调递减,1(2)2f f ⎛⎫∴-> ⎪⎝⎭.6.B 由题意知,()i f a a =;当0a ≥时,有112a a -=,解得2a =-,(不满足条件,舍去); 当0a <时,有1a a=,解得1a =(不满足条件,舍去)或1a =-. 所以实数a 的值是:1a =-.7.C 由(,)a b 是不等式210kx x -+<的解集,所以a ,b 是方程210kx x -+=的两个实数根, 所以1a b k +=,1ab k=,且0k >; 所以a b ab +=,且0a >,0b >; 即111a b+=; 所以112(2)a b a b a b ⎛⎫+=+⋅+⎪⎝⎭2333a b b a =++≥+=+当且仅当b =时“=”成立;所以2a b +的最小值为3+ 8.D 由图形可知:122a b OF AB +==,2a bOC -=. 在Rt OCF 中,由勾股定理可得:CF ==CF OF ≥,2a b +∴≤,0a b >). 9.BD 对于A :()f x x =与()||g x x =的对应关系不同,因此不是同一函数;对于B :1,0||()1,0x x f x x x >⎧==⎨-<⎩与1,0()1,0x g x x >⎧=⎨-<⎩,因此是同一函数;对于C :()1f x x =-与21(1)(1)()111x x x g x x x x --+===-++,(1x ≠-), 定义域不同,因此不是同一函数; 对于D :2()1f x x =+与2()1g t t =+, 定义域和对应关系都相同,因此是同一函数.10.CD A .2是有理数222⇒⨯=为有理数,不正确.B .x A B x A ∈⋂→∈反之不成立,因此“x A B ∈⋂”是x A ∈”的充分不必要条件,不正确. C .由23230x x x =⇒--=,反之不成立,因此:“2230x x --=”是“3x =”的必要条件,正确. D .“11x<”1x ⇔>或0x <,因此正确. 11.ABC {32,}M x x k k =|=-∈Z 表示被3整除余1的数的集合;{}|31,P y y n n ==+∈Z 表示被3整除余1的数的集合;{61,}{3(2)1,}S z z m m Z z z m m =|=+∈=|=⨯+∈Z ,表示被6整除余1的集合;故M P =,SP ,S M .12.AD1a >,1b >,2a b ab ∴+≥a b =时取等号 1()2ab a b ab ab ∴=-+≤-21ab ≥, 221)322ab ∴≥=+∴ab 有最小值322+22a b ab +⎛⎫≤ ⎪⎝⎭,当a b =时取等号,21()()2a b ab a b a b +⎛⎫∴=-+≤-+ ⎪⎝⎭,2()4()4a b a b ∴+-+≥,2[()2]8a b ∴+-≥,解得222a b +-≥,即2(21)a b +≥+,a b ∴+有最小值2(21)+. 13.[3,2)(2,)--⋃-+∞3020x x +≥⎧⎨+≠⎩,定义域是[3,2)(2,)--⋃-+∞. 14.-4()y f x =是奇函数,当0x ≥时,23()f x x =,则23(8)(8)84f f -=-=-=-. 15.{3}x x |<-在R 上的偶函数()f x 在[0,)+∞上是增函数在(,0)-∞递减, 又(3)(3)0f f -==,不等式(3)()0x f x -<讨论如下: 当3x >时,()0(3)f x f <=,显然不成立; 当3x <时,()0(3)f x f >=-,所以3x <-, 综上,3x <-.或者图象法:可得3x <-.16.3a <23x ax a ->-对一切34x ≤≤恒成立,231x a x -∴<-在[3,4]x ∈恒成立,令23()1x g x x -=-,[3,4]x ∈,即min ()a g x <,而223(1)2(1)22()(1)2111x x x g x x x x x --+--===--+---在[3,4]x ∈单调递增,故()g x 在3x =时取得最小值3.17.(1)当1a =时,{12}A x x =|<<,{02}B x x =|≤≤,{02}A B x x ∴⋃=|≤≤;(2)选择①A B ⋂=∅作为已知条件.A B ⋂=∅,10a ∴+≤或2a ≥,解得1a ≤-或2a ≥. 选择②()RB A ⋂=∅作为已知条件.()RB A ⋂=∅,{}0 2R B x x x =<>或.12a a ≥⎧∴⎨+≤⎩,解得01a ≤≤. 选择③()RB A R ⋃=作为已知条件.()R B A R ⋃=,{}R1A x x a x a =|≤≥+或,12a a ≥⎧∴⎨+≤⎩,解得01a ≤≤ 18.(1)()a f x x=的图象经过点12A ⎛ ⎝,12a⎛⎫∴= ⎪⎝⎭1222α-=,解得12a =-.(2)任取1,x 2(0,)x ∈+∞,且12x x <,则()()11222121f x f x x x -=-===;210x x >>,120x x∴-<0>,()()210f x f x ∴-<,即()()21f x f x <;12()f x x-∴=在区间(0,)+∞内是减函数.19.(1)设2()(0)f x ax bx c a =++≠,则(0)0f =,(1)8f =-,(2)12f =-,084212c a b a b =⎧⎪∴+=-⎨⎪+=-⎩,2100a b c =⎧⎪∴=-⎨⎪=⎩, 2()210f x x x ∴=-;(2)()F x =由()F x 在区间[1,2]上是增函数得,2()2(10)1h x x k x =-+++在[1,2]上为增函数且恒大于等于0,故1024k +≥,且2(10)10k -+++≥,则2k ≥-. 20.(1)由题可知:命题“x ∀∈R ,使方程2250x mx m +++≥”是真命题,则24(25)0m m ∆=-+≤,于是可得:{210}A m m =|-≤≤. (2)(1)(12)0x a x a -+-+=,得1x a =-或12x a =-;若x B ∈是x A ∈的必要不充分条件,则集合A 是集合B 的真子集. 当23a =时,B =∅,不合题意; 当23a <时,(1,12)B a a =--,121210a a -<-⎧⎨->⎩, 所以:92a <-; 当23a >时,(12,1)B a a =--,110122a a ->⎧⎨-<-⎩, 所以:11a >;所以实数a 的取值范围为9,(11,)2a ⎛⎫∈-∞-⋃+∞ ⎪⎝⎭. 另解:()(1)(12)0f x x a x a =-+-+<对一切x A ∈恒成立,则(2)0(10)0f f -<⎧⎨<⎩,则9,(11,)2a ⎛⎫∈-∞-⋃+∞ ⎪⎝⎭.21.(1)当[200,300]x ∈时,该项目获利为S ,则221120020080000(400)22S x x x x ⎛⎫=--+=--⎪⎝⎭,∴当[200,300]x ∈时,0S <,因此,该项目不会获利.(2)由题意可知,生活垃圾每吨的平均处理成本为:21805040,[120,144)3180000200,[144,500)2x x x y x x x x ⎧-+∈⎪⎪=⎨⎪+-∈⎪⎩,当[120,144)x ∈时,21(120)2403y x x =-+, 所以当120x =时,yx取得最小值240; 当[144,500)x ∈时,1800002002002002y x x x =+-≥=, 当且仅当1800002x x=, 即400x =时,yx取得最小值200. 因为240200>,所以当每月处理量为400吨时,才能使每吨的平均处理成本最低.22.(1)设任意1x ,2x ,满足1222x x -≤<≤,由题意可得()()()()()()()()12121212120f x f x f x f x f x f x x x x x +--=+-=-<+-,即()()12f x f x <,()f x ∴在定义域[2,2]-上是增函数.则(21)()f a f a -<可化为2212a a -≤-<≤,解得112a -≤<,∴a 的取值范为1,12⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭. (2)由(1)知不等式()(52)1f x a t ≤-+对任意[2,2]x ∈-和[1,2]a ∈-都恒成立,max ()(52)1f x a t ≤-+对任意的[1,2]a ∈-都恒成立,3(52)1a t ∴≤-+恒成立,即2520ta t -+≤对任意的[1,2]a ∈-都恒成立,令()252g a ta t =-+,[1,2]a ∈-,则只需(1)720(2)20g t g t -=-+≤⎧⎨=-+≤⎩, 解得2t ≥,t ∴的取值范围[2,)+∞.。
广东省深圳市2020-2021学年高一上学期期中语文试题一、选择题1.下列各项加点字的字形、字音,完全正确的一项是()A.百舸(gě)着(zhuó)恼谢公屐(lǚ)B.佛(fó)狸祠寥(liáo)廓暖暖(ài)远人村C.罅(xià)隙城隅(yú)轻拢慢捻抹(mò)复挑D.纤(qiān)云踟蹰(chí chú)一樽还酹(lèi)江月2.下列各项加点词语的理解,完全正确的一项是()A.书生意气(志趣,性格)采之欲遗谁(给)枉用相存(问候,探望)B.次第(光景,状况)摧眉(低眉,低头)善才(当时对技艺高超的乐师的称呼)C.故垒(军队营垒)羁鸟(约束)青衫(黑色单衣。
唐代官职较高的服色)D.讪讪(不好意思的样子)社鼓(社日祭祀谷神的鼓声)俟我于城隅(等待)3.下列各句中加点的成语,运用恰当的一项是()A.回首读书时,你我风华正茂,指点江山,激扬文字,曾几何时,双鬓已然秋霜!B.对于孩子的毛病,他总是不以为然,觉得这些毛病无关紧要,不必大惊小怪。
C.美国黑人电影明星福克斯和弗里曼在第七十七届奥斯卡奖角逐中当仁不让,分别夺得最佳男主角奖和最佳男配角奖。
D.世界贸易组织小型部长会议历经9天的艰苦谈判,却因为一个关乎民生保障的问题而功亏一篑。
4.下列各项中,句子表达得体、没有语病的一项是()A.6月15日上午8点将在市文化宫举行我的大作《满地黄花》的新书签售活动,特邀请您和您的妻子光临指导,届时还将惠赠新书一本,还望批评指正。
B.在澳门回归祖国的日子,许多单位的干部倾巢而出,参加清洁马路的活动。
C.情景体验剧《又见敦煌》,昨天在新建的专属剧场首演,该剧以全新的观演模式带领观众进行了一次“古今穿越”。
D.经过几代航天人的艰苦奋斗,中国的航天事业开创了以“两弹一星”、载人航天、月球探测为代表的辉煌成就。
5.下列各项中,表述有误的一项是()A.《声声慢》是李清照南渡后晚年的名作,情感深沉哀婉,词的开头用七组叠词,新颖别致,堪称创举,七组叠词由外到内,极富层次地写出了词人内心的感受。
【全国百强校】广东省深圳市高级中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、完形填空Last summer, we went to Hawaii for holiday. During my 1 trip with my husband, we spent most of our time 2 during the day in the sea, and then enjoying walks along the beach in the evenings.We didn’t take any 3 because we had enough. We had visited the island many times 4 . On our way to the 5 we joked that other than our sunburnt skin, we had no way to show that we had 6 there!As we stood in line at the check-in, we noticed the 7 who had been on our plane the week before. 8 , they all had tear-filled eyes this day. On the plane, we sat directly behind them: a mother and her four children without Dad’s 9 . We learned that the father had been 10 in a jet-skiing accident that week, and his wife and children had to 11 make their way home without him.We watched the children become 12 while they were playing cards. But the mother stared at her knees, 13 to believe her husband’s death. We could 14feel her pain as we realized that this could have happened to any of us. 15 we were laughing and playing in the water, this poor family had been 16 the sufferings. The vacation they had dreamed about had 17 the terrible dream they would never forget.I suddenly 18 that we had no pictures for this vacation together. I closed my eyes,19 that my mind had recorded all the wonderful moments that I had 20 with my husband that week. What a trip!1.A.week-long B.month-long C.year-long D.weekend 2.A.flying B.travelling C.swimming D.walking 3.A.action B.children C.photos D.friends 4.A.before B.ago C.now D.yet 5.A.sea B.airport C.destination D.station 6.A.traveled B.left C.missed D.forgotten 7.A.class B.parent C.passenger D.family 8.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.However D.Then9.A.attendance B.care C.protection D.love 10.A.hit B.discovered C.forbidden D.killed 11.A.nervously B.bravely C.confidently D.proudly 12.A.unworried B.sad C.worried D.frightened 13.A.unable B.likely C.willing D.afraid 14.A.never B.ever C.almost D.hardly 15.A.Whether B.While C.Although D.If 16.A.feeling B.experiencing C.fighting D.ignoring 17.A.wiped out B.eased off C.broken up D.turned into 18.A.regretted B.decided C.remembered D.discovered 19.A.noticing B.hoping C.finding D.seeing 20.A.created B.valued C.shared D.planned二、阅读选择A famous magazine, Amusement Today, does a survey among parks lovers every year both in the US and overseas, based on which, “Top 5 List of the Best Amusement Parks in the World” has come out as follows:Disneyland, CaliforniaDisneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California, the US. More than 515 million guests have traveled to this American landmark from around the world since the park first opened to guests on July 17, 1955. The park consists of many world-famous sections, such as Main Street, Adventure land, New Orleans Square, and so on.Magic Kingdom, Disney World, FloridaMagic Kingdom is a theme park within the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando opened on October 1, 1971. It is the most famous theme park in Florida. The park’s design and attractions don’t make much difference from Disneylan d Park in Anaheim.EPCOT, Disney World, FloridaEPCOT is the second theme park built at the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida. The park opened on October 1, 1982, and was named EPCOT Center from 1982 to 1993. It was the largest Disney theme pa rk in the world until 1998, when Disney’s Animal Kingdom opened.Disney-MGM Studios, FloridaMGM’s streets are the home for some great moviethemed attractions with a history of less than 30 years. With the addition of the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock and Roller Coaster, the park is now home to Disney World’s most thrilling rides.Universal Studios, FloridaGo behind the scenes, beyond the screen and jump right into the action of your favorite movies at Universal Studios, the number one movie and TV theme park in the world. 21.What’s the purpose of the passage?A.To attract tourists to these theme parks.B.To introduce world’s best amusement parks.C.To increase the sales of Amusement Today.D.To compare attractions in different theme parks.22.Which of the following theme parks have similar attractions?A.Disneyland & Universal Studios.B.EPCOT & Disney-MGM Studios.C.Disneyland & Magic Kingdom.D.Magic Kingdom & Universal Studios.23.Which park has the longest history?A.Disneyland, California.B.Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida.C.EPCOT, Disney World, Florida.D.Disney-MGM Studios, Florida.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today —and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time, his constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I wasdelighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just notcrea tive.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”24.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students’ interest in artD.teach the students about toy design25.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.He liked to help his teacher. B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class. D.He was imaginative.26.What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Mistake. B.Drawback.C.Difficulty. D.Burden.27.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.There are a growing number of pet owners who feed their pets on raw foods, which means “uncooked” meat and bones. William Burk, a pet food specialist fr om the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public from health dangers, and that raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition that a pet needs every day.Recognizing how popular these foods are, the FDA has provided guidelines for producers of pet foods which contain uncooked meat for dogs, cats and other pets. The guidelines give rules to protect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones to their pets should deal with these products very carefully to protect themselves against possible dangers, says Burk. Just as when you are preparing foods for human beings, use hot water and soap to wash your hands, containers, and surfaces that come into contact with the food. Don’t put your hands near your mouth until you have washed them, and don’t allow your pet to touch your face right after it has eaten raw meat.“If pet owners choose to feed bones to their pet s, they should watch their pets carefully when they are eating bones,” Burk says, “If a pet eats a big piece of bone that won’t pass through its digestive system(消化系统), it is likely to kill the pet.”28.What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw meat?A.It’ll make the pet owners sick.B.It’ll keep the pets’ wild nature.C.It’s against the policy of the FDA.D.It’s dangerous and lack of nutrition.29.The FDA has provided guidelines for producers of pet foods with raw meat because________.A.pet safety is a serious problemB.most pets lack nutritionC.feeding pets on raw foods is popularD.the quality of pet foods is dropping30.Those who feed pets on raw foods should do some necessary cleaning when ________. A.preparing raw meat for petsB.touching the food containersC.taking their pets out for a walkD.preparing foods for human beings31.What suggestion is given to pet owners in the last paragraph?A.Pets should be forbidden to eat raw bones.B.Pets should be kept away from the raw meat.C.Pets should be checked on their digestive system.D.Pets should be watched carefully while eating bones.Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸).People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomachaches.Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.32.Why do Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven?A.Because of their cultural values.B.Because of their commercial purposes.C.Because of their personal experiences.D.Because of their physical reactions to the color.33.Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?A.To relax people physically.B.To increase people’s appetites.C.To encourage people to make a purchase.D.To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise.34.What color might help lose weight according to the text?A.Red. B.Blue.C.Green. D.Purple.35.Which can be the best title for the text?A.Colors and Human Beings B.The Cultural Meaning of Color C.Colors and Personal Experiences D.The Meaning and Function of Color三、单项选择36.The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A.When B.where C.why D.which 37.A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A.which B.whose C.who D.why38.I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault. A.who B.thatC.as D.what39.Please give us the reason ______ the goods were delayed.A.why B.whichC.what D.how40.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A.them B.thatC.which D.whom41.Because the shop ______, all the T-shirts are sold at half prices.A.has closed down B.closed downC.is closing down D.had closed down42.Put on your coat! I ______ you down to the doctor.A.am taking B.was takenC.take D.will be taken43.It ______ not until she came back ______ Jane realized that she had lost her ID card.A.is, that B.was, whoC.was, that D.is, who44.The teacher told us the other day that light ______ faster than sound. A.travelled B.is travellingC.travels D.had travelled45.“______ that again!” My father shouted to me when I was found playing with fire. A.Never to do B.Don’t never toC.Do never D.Never do46.---John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.---Oh, !A.cheer up B.well downC.go ahead D.congratulations 47.Whenever we are , we must never lose heart, but try to think of the way out. A.in the trouble B.in troublesC.in trouble D.at trouble48.The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on .A.schedule B.schemeC.shelter D.source49.I finally managed to Tom to accompany me to the stadium.A.prefer B.purchaseC.persuade D.pack50.Some netizens’to the accident in Chongqing really shocked us. A.altitude B.attitudeC.accent D.attack51.The matter has not yet been satisfactorily .A.suffered B.spellboundC.switched D.settled52.There is sometimes no way to from brain injury.A.release B.rescueC.ruin D.recover53.The audience into laughter when the clown took a fall.A.burst B.brushC.breathe D.bend54.The of this illness in the area is of concern to all doctors.A.fluency B.frequencyC.determination D.guidance55.The of the killer is still unknown, which is why the citizens here are rather worried. A.identity B.qualityC.equality D.facility56.He returned to his country after the war was (结束).A.in the end B.at an endC.to the end D.till the end57.cars on our roads rose dramatically last year.A.A great deal of B.An amount ofC.The number of D.A number of58.They’ve road blocks around the city to help control the traffic.A.set down B.set asideC.set about D.set up59.Though he was world famous, Einstein didn’t really his clothes.A.care of B.care forC.care about D.care60.The authorities showed no signs of to the kidnapper's demands.A.giving in B.giving upC.giving away D.giving back四、单词拼写根据首字母和已给出的中文,写出所缺单词的正确形式,每空填一个词。
2021~2022学年深圳中学高一上期中考英语试卷一、单项选择( ) 1. To give a clear picture of something or somebody, you have to be careful with your wording. That is, every word you choose must come with a(n) meaning.A. unusualB. specificC. scientificD. popular( ) 2. If you have the awareness of book knowledge to real life, you will learn better and faster without doubt.A. consideringB. reviewingC. applyingD. coaching( ) 3. The first few weeks after I moved to Australia, I had great difficulty myself fully understood by my neighbors.A. to makeB. makingC. madeD. been made( ) 4. The moment my alarm clock , I jumped out of the bed, got dressed as quickly as I could and rushed downstairs to catch the school bus.A. went offB. took offC. rang upD. started out( ) 5. After the long talk with the expert, I couldn’t help my past studying experience, finding that I had wasted much time doing unimportant things.A. laughing atB. reflecting onC. wondering atD. winding up( ) 6. In fact, these traditional festivals have developed into occasions for only entertainment though people them on time.A. observeB. approachC. congratulateD. attend( ) 7. I was told that the guests, due to the pandemic, in the hotel for 14 days last June before they were allowed back home.A. had stayedB. was stayingC. stayedD. had been staying ( ) 8. The movie, “Hi, Mom!”, on Jia Ling’s personal life, moved nearly every viewer to tears.A. basingB. basedC. to baseD. having based( ) 9. the disagreements we have on some issues, we’re always the best friends, supporting and caring about each other all the time.A. ExceptB. BesidesC. WithD. Despite1( ) 10. This swimming pool is for professionals, which is not open to the public. You can go to the other pool for fun.A. preferredB. updatedC. intendedD. postponed( ) 11. A happy career, from my perspective, is one that both your talents and interest.A. acquiresB. suitsC. determinesD. pours( ) 12. According to the rules of the company, those who the great loss of money will have to make up for it.A. are aware ofB. are qualified forC. are concerned aboutD. are responsible for ( ) 13. During the pandemic period of COVID—19, numerous volunteers daily necessities to the doors of people in need.A. directedB. migratedC. deliveredD. dragged( ) 14. Don’t waste time trying to change his mind; he to ignore others’ advice.A. tendsB. settlesC. intendsD. aims( ) 15. Information-technology is so advanced nowadays that a simple can take you to every corner of the world.A. eventB. issueC. approachD. click( ) 16. We feel relaxed and comfortable in surroundings, but we need to step out of our comfort zone to make more progress.A. amazingB. familiarC. unusualD. inspiring( ) 17. The tall building, 586 meters, is one of the landmarks of this city.A. recoveringB. containingC. measuringD. maintaining( ) 18. Because of the government’s effective policy, the GDP of the country has increased during the past ten years.A. typicallyB. entirelyC. currentlyD. significantly( ) 19. On the whole, his performance is satisfactory. , it’s the first time he has competed in international games.A. Above allB. At allC. After allD. In all( ) 20. The United Kingdom is one of the countries people drive on the left.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when2( ) 21. Michael held a party until midnight when his parents were out on holiday. His neighbour sighed “when the is away”.A. tigerB. catC. miceD. dog( ) 22. Usually my schedule is full and Sunday is the only day I can enjoy my free time.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where( ) 23. In the next section, we will provide a solution these questions.A. toB. withC. onD. about( ) 24. This website a large number of stories written by netizens who share an interest in science fictions, and you can read them for free.A. createsB. featuresC. unfoldsD. seeks( ) 25. you enjoy doing, you can always find people on the Internet who share your interest.A. WhichB. WhatC. WhetherD. Whatever二、阅读理解26.Because of the spread of COVID-19, many students are forced to study at home. But parents are worried about how their children can learn more efficiently. The following websites might give you a clue. ScratchWith Scratch, you can program your own interactive stories, games, and animations—and share your creations with others in the online community. Scratch can be downloaded free of charge. Scratch is designed especially for ages 8 to 16, but is used by people of all ages. Scratch is used in more than 150 different countries and available in more than 40 languages.Mr. BobMr. Bob is a science teacher, author, maker, and presenter that knows how to share the world of science. Bob encourages parents and teachers to practice Random Acts of Science by providing instructions and videos for interactive science experiments on his website. Bob has also coauthored a very popular series of science adventure books for kids.Oxford Owl for SchoolOxford Owl for School is home to online teaching, learning and assessment resources and expert support for primary schools. Free leaching, learning and assessment resources are provided, including3bonk recommendations, storytelling videos, activity sheets and teaching notes. With a library of free tablet-friendly eBooks, you’ll find the perfect eBook for every pupil.The National Geographic SocietyThe National Geographic Society is a global nonprofit organization to explore and project our planet. We fund hundreds of research and conservation projects around the world each year and inspire new generations. Our yellow border serves to explore the farthest reaches of the Earth and beyond. We reach millions of people around the world, with our television networks in 172 countries and our publications available in 41 languages.( ) 1. Which website is most suitable for science lovers?A. Scratch.B. Mr. Bob.C. Oxford Owl for School.D. The National Geographic Society.( ) 2. What is special about Oxford Ow for School?A. It owns a library in America.B. It offers materials for students only.C. It provides online books for free.D. It is suitable for students of all ages.( ) 3. What do Scratch and the National Geographic Society have in common?A. They have users worldwide.B. They choose books for kids to read.C. They are designed especially for kids.D. They are both nonprofit organizations.27.Twelve years ago, Danny called me from a dark, damp subway station. “A baby!” he shouted. “Get down here, and flag down a police car or something.” By nature, Danny is a remarkably calm person, so when I felt his heart pounding through the phone line, I ran.When I got to the subway station, Danny was holding a light-brown-skinned baby, about a day old. The baby had been wrapped (被包裹) in an oversize black sweatshirt and left on the ground in a corner behind the gate.What neither of us knew, or could have assumed, was that Danny had not just saved an abandoned infant; he had found our son.Three months later, Danny appeared in family court to give an account of finding the baby. Suddenly, the judge asked, “Would you be interested in adopting this baby?” The question stunned everyone in the courtroom, except Danny, who answered, simply, “Yes.”4“But I know it’s not that easy,” he said.“Well, it can be,” assured the judge before barking out orders to allow me to be a parent-to-be.My first reaction, when I heard, went something like: “Are you crazy? How could you say yes without consulting me?”In three years as a couple, we had never discussed adopting a child. I was an ambitious playwright working as a part-time word processor. Danny was a respected yet wildly underpaid social worker. We had a roommate, who slept in our living room, to help pay the rent.We knew how many challenges couples usually faced when they wanted to adopt. And while Danny had patience and selflessness, I didn’t know how to change a diaper (尿布), let alone nurse a child. I didn’t trust the system and was sure there would be obstacles. Also, I couldn’t handle parenthood. So I promised myself I wouldn’t get attached.The caretaker held him and then placed him in my arms. But when the baby stared up at me, with all the innocence and hope he represented, I, like Danny, was completely hooked.( ) 1. Why did the author rush to the subway station?A. Because Danny finally found their lost son.B. Because she sensed Danny met something urgentC. Because Danny had a heart disease.D. Because someone gave birth to a baby there. ( ) 2. How did the author react on hearing Danny’s answer to the judge’s question?A. Excited by Danny’s wordsB. Crazy to be a parent-to-beC. Annoyed at Danny’s decisionD. Upset about losing her authority( ) 3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_________.A. the author will adopt the babyB. the caretaker will take the baby awayC. the baby will bring hope to the familyD. the couple love each other very much( ) 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce a story of a poor familyB. To inform people of the difficulty of adopting a babyC. To call on people to donate money to themD. To show human’s kindness and love by nature.528.The Kirtland’s warbler(莺) has required protections since the foundation of Endangered Species Act(ESA), but that’s about to change. The Fish and Wildlife Service(FWS)today announced it is removing the songbird from the endangered species list.“The effort to recover the Kirtland’s warbler is a successful example of how to save endangered species.” said Margaret Everson, director of FWS. “The Kirtland’s warbler has responded well to active management over the half century.” In 1971, the Kirtland’s warbler population declined to approximately 201 singing males and was restricted to six counties. By 2015, the population reached 2, 383 singing males and had spread geographically. FWS noted the frequent and persistent singing of male warblers during the breeding season made counting possible.“The negative factors for the development of the recovery plan have been dealt with.”said FWS. Modern wildfire suppression (扑灭) practices greatly altered the natural disturbance system, which enabled the growth of the jack pine forests favored by the species, FWS noted. Michigan state has replanted approximately 90, 000 acres of Kirtland’s warbler habitat over the past 30 years. Timber(木材) incomes offset the cost of replanting jack pine needed to support a survivable bird population.But while the bird is falling off the ESA list, officials note that it remains a “conservation-dependent species.”Conservation of the Kirtland’s warbler will continue to require a harmonious approach for carrying out future conservation work, like partnerships and sufficient funding, FWS stated. Under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, the Kirtland’s warbler was federally listed as an endangered species in 1967.“This remarkable bird has a most impressive, exemplary success story that illustrates effective conservation and cooperation at work,”added Heather Good, executive director of Michigan Audubon. Shawn Graff, vice president of American Bird Conservancy’s Great Lakes program, pointed out the delisting (除名) is “cause for celebration and proof that the Endangered Species Act works.”( ) 1. The passage is probably taken from .A. a fashion magazineB. a new reportC. a journalD. a novel( ) 2. What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Make up for.B. Add to.C. Fix.D. Prevent.6( ) 3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the recovery of Kirtland’s warbler?A. Financial supportB. Cooperative workC. The foundation of FWSD. The control of wildfire( ) 4. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The male Kirtland’s warblers seldom sing in the breeding season.B. Heather Good was not very satisfied with the conservation work.C. The Kirtland’s warbler was listed as an endangered species only in one state.D. Margaret Everson thought highly of the conservation of the Kirtland’s warbler.29.If you want to make sure that you understand this story as fully as possible, you might consider printing the article and reading it on paper. That is one of the findings of a recent study of research done on the differences between paper and screen reading.Virginia Clinton carried out the research examination. Clinton looked at 33 past studies done between 2008 and 2018 that examined paper versus screen reading. Her examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and improved a person’s performance on tests connected to the reading material. And, she found no major differences in reading speed between the two. Such differences were notable only when the reading materials were expository texts——or explanatory and based on facts. Clinton said she found no major difference when it came to narrative, fictional texts.Clinton also found that paper readers usually have a higher recognition of how well they have understood a text than screen readers. This skill is called metacognition The word “cognition” means the mental action of increasing knowledge and understanding. “Metacognition” simply means thinking about one’s own thinking.Clinton said, “We think that we’re reading the story or the book better than we actually are. We think we understand what we are reading better than how we are actually reading.” Yet, this inflated (夸大的) sense of understanding, or over-confidence, is especially common among screen readers.Clinton said there are many possible reasons for such findings. Overconfidence of screen readers, for example, could be the result of a less focused mind. Clinton said, “If you are enjoying the reading, you’re going to be more concentrated. You’re going to be paying better attention. Preferences are a key issue here.”Several studies have found that people often think of paper materials as more important and serious. “If you are reading from paper, your mind thinks, this is something important. I need to pay attention to it’,7“Clinton said. Readers might connect computer screens with fun, less serious activities— such as checking social media or watching Netflix. That, Clinton said, could explain why most studies find no major difference in screen and paper among narrative, fictional reading materials. Clinton described thiskind of reading as “enjoyment reading.”Although her findings may support paper reading over screen reading, Clinton points to new and developing tools that can be used to improve a screen reader’s understanding and focus. “For example, when you’re reading off a screen, it can be programmed that you have to answer questions and get them right before you can continue. Paper can’t make you do that.”( ) 1. Which of the followings is not true about Clinton’s research?A. In order to carry out the research, Clinton checked over 30 studies that shared similar topic.B. When it comes to fictions, paper readers and screen readers tend to have the same speed.C. Paper readers usually are more aware of their level of understanding about the text.D. Whether a reader likes the reading or not does not influence his or her degree of concentration. ( ) 2. Which of the following actions in daily life reflects”metacognition”?A. Matt always tries to figure out the personality of the characters when reading a book.B. Tom often writes down his mind map and evaluates it aften solving a math problem.C. “I think I am in love with you.” Ted said to Mary without a second thought.D. We are expected to pay attention to others’ feelings when talking with them.( ) 3. What does Clinton think is the advantage of screen reading?A. It can be programmed to check understanding.B. It provides the same reading materials.C. It has tools to force readers to continue reading.D. It encourages readers to read at a high speed.( ) 4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Screen time makes reading more effective.B. Paper reading is more effective than screen reading.C. Screen-reading is more suitable for some readers.D. Computer reading is improving paper reading.8三、七选五30.If you are like most international students, you are probably pretty comfortable reading and writing in English. 1 Below are some tips to help you to improve your conversational skills.Make friends with American students. Many international students end up making friends with a lot of-or only -other international students instead of native speakers. 2 In fact, hanging out with natives not only naturally pushes you to improve your spoken English, but also helps you pick up cultural and social information.Learn from American friends. Tell your American friends that you are trying to improve your listening and speaking skills, and would like them to help you. If you pronounce a word incorrectly, or misuse an idiom, you ask them to guide you. 3Increase your Knowledge. 4 If you have been exposed to topics that are likely to be discussed in conversation, you have a much better chance of understanding people when they talk, and of being able to express yourself well.5 If you have to explain something to someone, you have a strong motivation to pronounce everything as well as you can, and find other ways to explain yourself. Finally, this becomes a good habit. Many people have asked me how I learned to speak English fluently, and I owe most of it to my years of being a math teacher in college for years.A. It has a bad impact on improving your spoken English.B. You are likely to make great progress in this way.C. If possible, become a teacher at your school.D. It’s a win—win opportunity for international students.E. Keep up with the latest news and watch popular shows and movies.F. Explaining everything in a different way counts.G. You may have trouble in listening and speaking in the language, however.四、完形填空31.On Nov. 29, 2011, my little sister Lily was born. The whole family welcomed her arrival with open arms. We were excited to have a new 1 to our family.9As she grew, her 2 became obvious. We 3 she would seem to be distant at times and was unable to 4 with others. The smallest things would keep her entertained for long periods, and she would 5 the same routine happily throughout the day. At the age of three, Lily was taken to the hospital by my parents. We were told that she was a child with autism (自闭症), and she would have 6 in communicating and forming relationships with others.My family were heartbroken to learn that our loved one would probably be unable to live a 7 life. Unaware of what exactly this would bring, we made a decision to consider autism a 8 . The diagnosis (诊断) brought our family closer, and we realized a deeper 9 for one another.Raising a child with a developmental disability is a(n) 10 experience. Lessons are always drawn from mistakes, which always happens in daily life. However, through it all, our family is always there watching over her, 11 a comfortable and safe environment for her at all times. And Lily knows that she has a loving and supportive family who can be 12 and her biggest cheerleaders when 13 is achieved.For those normal people, my story might make you more 14 what is really important in life. As for me, autism has actually been a combination of strength, courage and hope. It should not be viewed as a burden, but rather as a present to the families fortunate enough to 15 a different lifestyle.( ) 1. A. pressure B. satisfaction C. addition D. responsibility( ) 2. A. happiness B. carelessness C. kindness D. uniqueness( ) 3. A. reported B. expected C. noticed D. proved( ) 4. A. fight B. communicate C. move D. debate( ) 5. A. repeat B. treat C. share D. discover( ) 6. A. skills B. trouble C. desire D. belief( ) 7. A. normal B. different C. simple D. relaxing( ) 8. A. medal B. test C. punishment D. gift( ) 9. A. respect B. anxiety C. appreciation D. regret( ) 10. A. encouraging B. learning C. touching D. thinking( ) 11. A. scheduling B. providing C. exploring D. containing( ) 12. A. kept off B. depended on C. looked after D. helped out( ) 13. A. condition B. intention C. progress D. profession( ) 14. A. careful with B. curious about C. aware of D. interested in10( ) 15. A. experience B. imagine C. change D. explain五、语法填空32.There has long been the expression “couch potato” in English. It refers to a lazy person 1 leads a negative lifestyle, 2 (watch) TV all day long. This phrase is used when we describe someone as “zhai”.The expression zhai comes 3 a Japanese word “otaku”, which describes the kind of people who stay at home all the time to watch cartoons or videos. 4 (actual), zhai in Chinese means being unwilling to go out and is just a personal style of living. 5 , when the intention of staying home becomes too strong and the unwillingness of going out turns into 6 (anxious), zhai starts to be a serious problem.According to the BBC, in 2013 one million young people in Japan just 7 (lie) on their couches at home and refused to step out. As a matter of fact, this is 8 mental condition, which Japanese call “hikikomori” or “social withdrawal”. The reason behind it is the sense of insecurity that young people have toward 9 (they) life.Some people think that it is a shameful thing to be a homebody. But in many cases, people avoid social situations not so much out of fear, but out of the desire 10 (spend) some quality time with themselves.六、正确形式填空33. Lisa is an outstanding graduate life stories have greatly inspired her fellow schoolmates.34. Juliana’s (confuse) expression suggested that she still couldn’t figure out why they did it.35. The people in Syria have been looking forward to the day the conflict will end.36. They (panic) and ran back to their boat when they heard the strange noise from the forest37. Climate scientists from the University Sydney looked at the carbon footprints of (variety) areas of tourism and collected very useful information.38. Up till now in Henan Province, some areas have not yet recovered the terrible storms.39. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary (appoint) as managers of the local stores since they won the national sales competition at the end of October.40. Dr. Subroto questioned the scientific (assume) on which the global warming theory is based.1141. China’s global influence is improving steadily, with more and more countries (recognise) its role in international affairs.42. Jimmy was wandering aimlessly in the street he saw a policeman approaching him.43. Auguste Rodin’s work The Thinker was considered by some critics to be one of the greatest (sculpt) of the modern era, whose work had a huge influence on modern art.44. Instead of throwing the burnt scrambled eggs away, my mother and I ended up (eat) them all, laughing all the way.45. Keep on jogging, and you (benefit) a lot from it.46. A researcher should develop (argue) that are supported by evidence.47. 地震发生三周后,救援工作终于结束了。
广东省深圳市高级中学2020-2021学年高一第一学期期中考试试卷本试卷由二部分组成。
第一部分:客观题60分,第二部分:主观题40分全卷共计100分,考试时间为75分钟。
注意事项:1、答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动用橡皮擦干净后再涂其它答案,不能答在试卷上。
3、考试结束,监考人员将答题卡收回。
可能用到的原子量:H-1C-12O-16Na-23 S-32Cl-35.5 Fe-56 Cu-64第I卷(本卷共计60分)一. 选择题:(每小题只有一个选项符合题意,每小题2分,共计20分)1、化学与生活密切相关,下列说法正确的是()A.单一的PM2.5颗粒分散至空气中会产生丁达尔效应B.84消毒液主要成分为次氯酸钠,可通过饮用来杀灭新冠病毒C.碳酸氢钠常用来治疗胃溃疡病人胃酸过多D.金属钠可用于制造高压钠灯,常用作路灯2、国家最高科学技术奖于2000年正式成立,每年评审一次,是我国等级最高的奖项,由国家主席亲自颁发,这些人才是我们国家最璀璨的明星。
下列科学家中未获得此奖项的是()A.徐光宪B.黄旭华C.侯德榜D.屠呦呦3、2015年10月,我国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖生理学或医学奖,以表彰她发现青蒿素(C15H22O5),显著降低了疟疾患者的死亡率。
下图为青蒿素的分子结构模型和结构简式,则下列相关说法正确的是()A.受“青蒿一握,以水二升渍,绞取汁”启发,屠呦呦使用乙醚提取青蒿素属于化学变化B.青蒿素分子中氧元素化合价均为+2价C.青蒿素的发现、提纯、合成及修饰过程中体现了化学学科的重要特征D.282 g的青蒿素中含碳原子数目为14N A4、下列物质的分类以及性质分析正确的是()5、关于下列实验仪器及操作说法不正确的是()图1 图2 图3 图4A.图1操作为蒸发,可用于氯化钠溶液中提取氯化钠固体B.图2操作为过滤,玻璃棒的作用是引流、导流C.若图3是浓硫酸的稀释操作,则量筒内液体为浓硫酸D.图4操作可用在配制溶液过程中的定容步骤前使浓溶液和洗涤液混合均匀6、下列关于试剂保存和除杂的相关说法正确的是()A.金属Na保存在水中B.氯水用棕色细口瓶并置于阴凉处保存C.可以用过滤方法除去水中的油D.可以用加热的方法除去Na2O中的Na2O2 7、下列说法正确的是()A.物质的量浓度是用来表示溶液组成的物理量,其单位可用mmol·L-1表示B.摩尔是国际单位制中表达微观粒子数量的物理量C.CO2的摩尔质量在数值上与其分子量相同,都是44gD.标准状况下,1mol任何物质的体积都约为22.4L8、下列相关于胶体说法不正确的是()A.胶体区别于其它分散系的本质特征是是否具有丁达尔现象B.高压静电除尘和胶体的电泳相关C.可用渗析的方法来提纯和精制胶体D.向氢氧化铁胶体中加入硅酸胶体会一起聚沉9、下列关于钠及其化合物性质描述正确的是()A.Na2O和Na2O2具有相同的阴离子B.可用石灰水鉴别Na2CO3与NaHCO3溶液C.空气中加热Na的反应产物可做漂白剂和供氧剂D.NaOH俗称烧碱、火碱、碱石灰,可以用来干燥NH310、下列相关的实验现象描述正确的是()A.氢气在氯气中燃烧的现象是苍白色火焰,集气瓶口有白色烟雾出现B.铁丝在氯气中燃烧的现象是产生棕红色烟,加水后溶液呈浅绿色C.铜丝在氯气中燃烧的现象是产生棕黄色烟,加少许水后溶液呈蓝绿色D.将干燥的有色布条放入液氯中会褪成白色二. 选择题:(每小题只有一个选项符合题意,每小题4分,共计40分)11、下列相关于胶体的说法正确的是()A.可向NaOH溶液中逐滴滴入饱和FeCl3溶液来制备氢氧化铁胶体B.向氢氧化铁胶体加入稀盐酸至过量,现象是先产生红褐色沉淀,后溶解转为无色溶液C.明矾『KAl(SO4)2』具有净水的功能是因为形成了氢氧化铝胶体D.氢氧化铁胶体的电泳实验会发现阴极区颜色加深,可以推断出氢氧化铁胶体带正电荷12、下列实验中,对应的操作、现象以及结论都正确的是()13、过碳酸钠是一种无机物,属强氧化剂,分子式为2Na2CO3·3H2O2,则下列关于过碳酸钠性质预测错误的是()A.可与稀盐酸反应产生能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体B.可在合适的条件下产生能使带火星木条复燃的气体C.可广泛用于洗涤、漂白、杀菌等领域D.会与氯化钡溶液反应生成不溶于硝酸的沉淀14、N A表示阿伏加德罗常数。
深圳中学2020-2021学年度第一学期期中考试试题
年级:高一科目:物理
考试时长:75分钟卷面总分:100分
一、单项选择题(每小题5分,共45分)
1.智能手机上装载的众多APP软件改变着我们的生活.如图所示为某地图APP软件的一张截图,表示了某次导航的路径,其推荐路线中有两个数据:22分钟、9.8公里,下列相关说法正确的是()
A.研究汽车在导航图中的位置时,可以把汽车看做质点
B.22分钟表示的是某个时刻
C.9.8公里表示了此次行程的位移的大小
D.根据这两个数据,我们可以算出此次行程的平均速度的大小
2.下列关于加速度的说法中正确的是()
可知,a与∆v成正比,与∆t成反比
A.由a=∆v
∆t
B.加速度是表示物体速度变化快慢的物理量
C.物体加速度为零,则物体的速度一定为零
D.物体运动速度越大,其加速度一定越大
3.甲、乙两物体从同一点出发且在同一条直线上运动,它们的位移一时间(x-t)图像如下图所示,由图像可以看出在0-4s内()
A.甲、乙两物体始终同向运动
B.4s时甲、乙两物体间的距离最大
C.甲的平均速度等于乙的平均速度
D.甲、乙两物体之间的最大距离为4m
4.伽利略对落体运动的研究,不仅确立了落体运动的规律,更重要的是开辟了一条物理学的研究之路.下列有关伽利略的研究过程叙述正确的是()
A.他让物体从高处下落,记录高度和时间,找到物体下落高度与时间的平方成正比B.他在比萨斜塔上释放两个重量不一样的物体观察是否同时着地,从而得到自由落体运动的规律
C.他采用了提出问题-假设(猜想)-数学推理-实验验证-得出结论-合理外推
D.他在实验中利用斜面“冲淡”重力是为了测量时间
5.人站在自动扶梯的水平踏板上,随扶梯斜向上匀速运动,如图所示,下列说法正确的是()
A.人受到重力和支持力的作用
B.人受到重力、支持力和摩擦力的作用
C.人受到的合外力不为0
D.人受到的合外力方向与速度方向相同
6.如图所示,倾角θ=30°的斜面上有一重为G的物体,在斜面底边平行的水平推力F作用下沿斜面上的虚线匀速运动,若图中φ=45°,则()
A.推力F一定是一个变力
B.物体可能沿虚线向上运动
C.物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ=√3
3
D.物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ=√6
3
7.如图所示ae为港珠澳大桥上四段110m的等距钢箱桥墩,一辆汽车(可视为质点)从a 点由静止开始做匀加速直线运动,通过ab段的时间为t,则通过ce段的时间为()A.t
B.√2t
C.(2−√2)t
D.(2+√2)t
8.一杂技演员,用一只手抛球,他每隔0.40s抛出一球,接到球便立即把球抛出,已知除抛、接球的时刻外,空中总有四个小球,将球的运动近似看做是竖直方向的运动,球到达的最大高度是(高度从抛球点算起,g=10m/s2)()
A.1.6m B.2.4m C.3.2m D.4.0m
9.三个木块a、b、c和两个劲度系数均为500N/m的相同轻弹簧p、q用细绳连接如图,a 放在光滑水平桌面上,a、b质量均为1kg,c的质量为2kg.开始时p弹簧处于原长,木块都处于静止.现用水平力缓慢地向左拉p弹簧的左端,直到c物块刚好离开水平地面为止,g取10m/s2.该过程p弹簧的左端向左移动的距离是()
A.6cm
B.8cm
C.10cm
D.12cm
二、多项选择题(选对得5分,少选得3分,错选或不选得0分)
10.物体做直线运动时,有关物体加速度和速度的说法中正确的是()A.在匀速直线运动中,物体的加速度必定为零
B.在匀加速直线运动中,物体的加速度必定为正
C.物体的速度等于零,其加速度不一定等于零
D.物体的加速度方向不变,速度的方向可能改变
11.如图所示,某一弹簧秤外壳的质量为m,弹簧及与弹簧相连的挂钩质量忽略不计,将其放在水平面上.现用两水平拉力F1、F2分别作用在与弹簧相连的挂钩和与外壳相连的提环上,关于弹簧秤的示数,下列说法正确的是()
A.只有F1>F2时,示数才为F1
B.只有F1<F2时,示数才为F2
C.不论F1、F2关系如何,示数均为F1
D.不论F1、F2关系如何,弹簧秤收到的合力大小为|F1−F2|
12.如图所示,倾角为θ的斜面体c置于水平地面上,物块b置于斜面上,通过跨过光滑定滑轮的细绳与小盒a连接,连接b的一段细绳与斜面平行,连接a的一段细绳竖直,a连接在竖直固定在地面的弹簧上.现向盒内缓慢加入适量砂粒,a、b、c始终处于静止状态.下列判断正确的是()
A.c对b的摩擦力可能减小
B.地面对c的支持力一定减小
C.地面对c的摩擦力一定增大
D.弹簧的弹力可能增大
三、实验题(每空2分,共12分)
13.在“研究匀变速直线运动的规律”实验中,利用小车拖着纸带运动.如图所示为电火花打点计时器打出纸带的示意图,图中相邻两点间还有四个点未画出,已知打点计时器所用交流电源的频率为50Hz.
(1)打点计时器工作的基本步骤如下:
A.当纸带完全通过打点计时器后,及时关闭电源
B.将纸带穿过打点计时器的限位孔,再将计时器插头插入相应的电源插座
C.接通电源开关,听到放电声
D.释放小车,拖动纸带运动
上述步骤正确的顺序是___________.(按顺序填写步骤编号)
(2)根据图中数据可以算出,小车在打C点时的速度大小为_________m/s;小车运动的平均加速度大小为a =_________m/s2(计算结果保留两位有效数字)
14.在“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验中,某同学的实验情况如图甲所示,其中A为固定橡皮筋的图钉,O为橡皮筋与细绳的结点,OB和OC为细绳,图乙是在白纸上根据实验结果画出的图.
(1)图乙中_______是力F1、F2的合力的理论值;_______是力F1、F2的合力的实际测量值.
(2)本实验采用的科学方法是____________________
A.理想实验法
B.等效替代法
C.控制变量法
D.建立物理模型法
四、综合题(每题14分,共28分)
15.一辆汽车从静止开始做匀加速直线运动,已知途中先后经过相距27m的A、B两点所用时间为2s,汽车经过B点时的速度为15m/s.求:
(1)汽车经过A点时的速度大小;
(2)汽车从出发点到A点的平均速度大小.
16.如图所示,A、B为竖直墙面上等高的两点,AO、BO为长度相等的两根轻绳,CO为一根轻杆,转轴C在AB中点D的正下方,AOB在同一水平面内,∠AOB=120°,∠COD=60°,若在O点处悬挂一个质量为m的物体,则平衡后绳AO所受的拉力和杆OC所受的压力分别为多少?
参考答案
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.A
6.D
7.C
8.C
9.D
10.AD
11.CD
12.ABC
13.(1)BCDA
(2)1.9 2.0 14.(1)F
F’ (2)B 15.(1)12m/s (2)6m/s 16.√33mg 2√33mg。