河北2015职称英语新增文章理工B

2015年职称英语理工类B级考试真题第一部分：词汇选项1.The organization was bold enough to face the press.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible参考答案：C2.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate参考答案：A3.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool参考答案：B4.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal参考答案：D5.She's extremely competent and industrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent参考答案：A6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish参考答案：C7.He tried to assemble his thoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare参考答案：C8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation参考答案：B9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.serious参考答案：B10.These products are inferior to those we brought last year.A.poorer thanB.narrower thanrger thanD.richer than参考答案：A11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed参考答案：C12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic参考答案：A13.They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking参考答案：A14.He said some harsh words about his brother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclear参考答案：A15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp参考答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems,seen as early as grade school.If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant.That's the finding of a new study.Released when things aren't burned completely,this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.The biggest sources of these PAHs：the burning of fossil fuels,wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is New York City.She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health in a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City.Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs,Perera's team focusedon nonsmokers.The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs,ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.The reason Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb.Nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9.They asked each child's mother a series of questions.These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort,such as homework or games with friends.The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mistakes.All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,or ADHD.About one in U.S.children has ADHD.Among the women studied,traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,Perera and her team suspect.Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood.Ohters had high levels.Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9.The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16.Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：B17.The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects'physical health.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：B18.Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：B19.The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：C20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：C21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A第三部分：概括大意与完成句子下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2015年职称英语考试《理工B》真题及答案(完整文字版)1.【题干】The organization was bold enough to face the press【选项】A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible【答案】C2.【题干】I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.【选项】A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate【答案】A3.【题干】I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.【选项】A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool【答案】B4.【题干】Most people find rejection hard to accept. 【选项】A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal【答案】D5.【题干】She's extremely competent and industrious. 【选项】A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent【答案】A6.【题干】The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.【选项】A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish【答案】C7.【题干】He tried to assemble his thoughts.【选项】A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare【答案】C8.【题干】 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. 【选项】A. messageB. punishmentC. guiltD. obligation【答案】B9.【题干】 Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. 【选项】A. flexibleB. terribleC. reasonableD. serious【答案】B10. 【题干】These products are inferior to those we brought last year. 【选项】A. poorer thanB. narrower thanC. larger thanD. richer than【答案】A11.【题干】The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.【选项】A. improvedB. changedC. worsenedD. developed【答案】C12. 【题干】There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.【选项】A. coexistingB. fairC. fullD. pubic【答案】A13. 【题干】They’re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.【选项】A. requestingB. planningC. preparingD. looking【答案】A14. 【题干】He said some harsh words about his brother. 【选项】A. unkindB. properC. normalD. unclear【答案】A15. 【题干】We were attracted by the lure of quick money. 【选项】A. amountB. supplyC. sumD. temp【答案】DADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs, ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whatever her childhad problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16.【题干】Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B17.【题干】The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B18.【题干】Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.【选项】BA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B19.【题干】The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C20.【题干】Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C21.【题干】The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A22.【题干】Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A第3部分：概况大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试认识：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

注：一页两份理工A补全短文新增文章：+第十三篇 Affectionate AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.█Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. __1__CWill humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.█For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2_F _ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.█In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even? ____3_E _ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.█The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.█__4_B _ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”█A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. __5_D█People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.练习：A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.F The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled.理工B阅读理解新增文章*第二十二篇 Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again.A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.█A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes t he information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.练习：1．Another good title for this passage would be C Today’s Robots and How They Function.2．Artificial intelligence is D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be A more humanlike in behavior and actions.4．The writer begins the passage by comparing B a modem robot with a fictional robot.5．The word humanoid means D having a human form or characteristics.理工B补全短文新增文章：*第九篇 Lightening StrikesThree years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1_D__ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at o ne chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enoug h to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.█Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2_A__ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works. ____3_E__ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.█Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time，she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ___4_B__ The best place to be is inside a car!█The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.█Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. __5__F_█Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.练习：A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.B In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.C Lightning has long been hailed as one of the most impressive displays of nature’s power.D When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.E Occasionally there are warning signs.F Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.理工C阅读理解新增文章第九篇An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.█The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.█Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.█If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.练习：1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” means B extra.2．Which of the following does not move throug h a plant’s stomata?D Food.3．In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers to A photosynthesis.4．This passage is primarily developed by A explaining a process.5．Another good title for this passage would be C How Photosynthesis Works.理工C补全短文新增文章：第五篇 A Record-Breaking RoverNASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. _1_F█On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.█“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for dis tance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.█__2_B “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”█OPPORTUNITY█The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. __3_E_█Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.█During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. __4_A_█MARATHON ROVER█The rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. __5_C█Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.练习：A It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.B He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.C Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.D Opportunity has been working on Mars since January 2004.E The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.F Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.注：一页两份理工A补全短文新增文章：+第十三篇 Affectionate AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.█Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. __1__CWill humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.█For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2_F _ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.█In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even? ____3_E _ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.█The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.█__4_B _ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more unde rstanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”█A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. __5_D█People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.练习：A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.F The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled.理工B阅读理解新增文章*第二十二篇 Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again.A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.█A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.练习：1．Another good title for this passage would be C Today’s Robots and How They Function.2．Artificial intelligence is D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be A more humanlike in behavior and actions.4．The writer begins the passage by comparing B a modem robot with a fictional robot.5．The word humanoid means D having a human form or characteristics.理工B补全短文新增文章：*第九篇 Lightening StrikesThree years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately w orking to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1_D__ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by li ghtning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.█Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2_A__ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works. ____3_E__ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.█Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time，she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ___4_B__ The best place to be is inside a car!█The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.█Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. __5__F_█Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.练习：A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.B In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.C Lightning has long been hailed as one of the most impressive displays of nature’s power.D When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.E Occasionally there are warning signs.F Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.理工C阅读理解新增文章第九篇An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.█The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.█Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.█If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.练习：1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” mean s B extra.2．Which of the following does not move through a plant’s stomata?D Food.3．In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers to A photosynthesis.4．This passage is primarily developed by A explaining a process.5．Another good title for this passage would be C How Photosynthesis Works.理工C补全短文新增文章：第五篇 A Record-Breaking RoverNASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. _1_F█On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.█“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intende d to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.█__2_B “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”█OPPORTUNITY█The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. __3_E_█Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.█During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. __4_A_█MARATHON ROVER█The rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. __5_C█Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.练习：A It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, ro cks, and terrain.B He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.C Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.D Opportunity has been working on Mars since January 2004.E The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.F Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.。

2016年职称英语理工A考生必看——2013年到2015年职称英语理工A出自教材文章汇总职称英语考试在2014年之前，都会从职称英语教材中选取两篇文章作为真题，一篇阅读理解，一篇完形填空，而且阅读理解就是从教材的阅读理解里面出题，完形填空也是从教材中的完形填空出题。

2014年职称英语考试开始改革，跨级别跨类别跨题型出题。

2015年职称英语出题，依然延续2014年职称英语出题风格。

2016年职称英语出题，应该依然延续跨题型出题风格。

在此为2016年职称理工A类考生总结一下从2014年到2015年职称英语理工A 从教材出题情况，分析一下这几年职称英语理工A出题难易程度。

预测一下2016年职称英语理工A出题情况。

职称英语理工A自2013年到2015年从教材选取文章汇总一篇完形填空。

有原题。

没有跨题型出题。

难度级别低。

2014年职称英语理工A从教材中选取了2篇文章。

阅读理解从教材中选了理工A 阅读判断。

完形填空选取的是补全短文的文章。

属于跨题型出题。

2014年是职称英语第一年改革，跨题型出题，考生没有复习到，也没有心理准备，所以难度级别高。

2015年职称英语理工A从教材中选取了3篇文章，2篇阅读理解，1篇完形填空。

两篇阅读理解一篇选自理工A的完形填空，一篇选自理工A的概括大意与完成句子。

两篇文章都是属于理工A的文章。

完形填空选自理工A的补全短文，属于跨题型出题。

2015年考生已经知道职称英语出题风格变化，有心理准备，而且三篇文章都是A级别的文章，所以2015年理工A的难度中等。

值得大家注意的是，Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light这篇文章，在2013年理工A完形填空中考过，2015年又作为阅读理解来出题。

所以教材上考过的文章并不是百分之百不会再考了。

预测2016年职称英语理工A会延续2014年和2015年的出题风格，依然是跨题型出题，会从教材选取2到3篇左右的文章。

2015年职称英语考试理工类B级全真模拟题及答案解析第 1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The football team, for the most part, were confident of winning the match.A. mostlyB. partlyC. onlyD. really2. At first he did’t realize that he had succeeded.A. k nowB. find outC. recognizeD. look into3. To frame up his boss, Dick had to make up evidence.A. collectB. discloseC. inventD. generate4. The government launched a massive campaign against crimes in the big cities.A. proposedB. decidedC. beganD. studied5. It is very considerate of you to remember my birthday.A. thoughtfulB. considerableC. carefiilD. concerned6. 1 was amazed at the beauty of the mountain when I reached to the top.A. excitedB. astonishedC. happyD. unpleasant7. The upper atmosphere is believed to consist of a number of roughly concentric layers, which include the troposphere (对流层) and stratosphere (平流层).A. plainlyB. repeatedlyC. nearlyD. changeably8. The earth moves around the sun.A. beforeB. roundC. afterD. over9. He made great show of reluctance, but finally accepted my offer.A. emotionB. unwillingnessC. angerD. postpone10. His success in work has tempted many to try this new method.A. attractedB. calledC. inspiredD. implied11. She could fix the machine without referring to the instructions.A. understandingB. observingC. consultingD. obtaining12. 1 didn’t have much confidence in my talent as a film actor.A. wisdomB. giftC. performanceD. show13. Her death was a grief to him and I doubt if he ever recovered afterwards.A. got byB. got throughC. got onD. got over14. The most prominent characteristic of handwriting is undoubtedly letter formation and slant.A. presumablyB. in many casesC. surelyD. without bias15. Fond industry relies mainly on agriculture for raw material.A. depends onB. dependent onC. derives fromD. derived from第 2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题 1 分，共7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C 。

2015年综合类职称英语新增文章注释1. …create a film over the eye ’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。

2. …get it back …：……恢复……3. …act out the whole situation again …：……整个场景重现…… 练习A It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more h eart attacks than people cry more freely.BIts good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion.C Crying has good effects on the body.D Even when you're not crying, your eyes produce tears.E They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotio n.F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expres sing anger.答案与题解1. D 此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处，并且句首是these，所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D最适合。

选项C与前一句话意思重复。

综合群385443831；理工群385448628；卫生群3854190922. F 下文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。

所以，答案是选项F。

3. A 上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A比较贴切。

2015年职称英语考试《理工B》阅读理解原文2015年职称英语考试理工B阅读理解其中一篇来自于卫生教材中阅读判断的第5篇Dangers Await Babies withAltitude。

各位考友可以参考原文及译文，比对答案。

以下为卫生教材原文：Dangers Await Babies withAltitudeWomenwho live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weightbabies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a highrisk of heart disease and strokes.Researchhas hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. Butit wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudeor because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at highaltitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.Tofind out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied therecords of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom inboth rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is thehighest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruzis much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sureenough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz wassignificantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high andlow-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz wereheavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “Wewere very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.Theresults suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen beforebirth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulategrowth of the unborn child.” says Giussani.Histeam also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively largerheads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved ofoxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of thebody.Giussaniwants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, forexample. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Andnewborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed tohigh blood pressure and strokes in later life.高海拔地区的婴儿有危险一个新的研究表明，住在世界高海拔地区的女人通常生下体重不足的婴儿。

第二十二篇Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to t he robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As scien ce and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……2.the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。

2015年职称英语《理工类B级》模拟试题及答案(1)第一部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、 The document was compiled by the Department of Health.A．writtenB．printedC．attachedD．sent2、 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A．secretsB．detailsC．benefitsD．words3、 Mary said mildly that she was just curious.A．shylyB．gentlyC．weaklyD．wildly4、Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A．angerB．doubtC．loveD．surprise5、 Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration.A．MuchB．LargeC．SmallD．Fixed6、 While we don't agree, we continue to be friends. A．whoeverB．whereC．AlthoughD．Whatever7、 Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A．politeB．similarC．usualD．bad8、 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan. A．unclearB．firmC．shortD．neat9、 Jack is a diligent student.A．ambitiousB．hardworkingC．lazyD．slow10、 I don't quite follow what she is saying.A．believeB．understandC．explainD．accept11、 Such a database would be extremely costly to set up. A．transferB．destroyC．establishD．update12、 He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art. A．sharingB．usingC．denyingD．developing13、 Have you talked to her lately?A．lastlyB．finallyC．shortlyD．recently14、 The story was very touching.A．inspiringB．boringC．absorbingD．moving15、 Did anyone call me when I was out?A．inviteB．nameC．answerD．phone第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2015职称英语理工类B级真题(概括大意) 第3部分：概况大意与完成句子First Image-recognitions software1) Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2)The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(运算法则)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially video—rather than just text—to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions(图片说明),making for more accurate document search results.3)“Over the last 30 years,” says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, aco-author of the stu dy,” the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Webpage, he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”4)The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system—a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed— that extracts semantic(语义的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查询)on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 _____24. Paragraph 2 _____25. Paragraph 3 _____26 Paragraph 4 _____A. Popularity of the new systemB. Publication of the new discoveryC .Function of the new systemD. Artificial intelligence software createdE. Problems of the existing search enginesF .Improvement in document retrieval27. The new system does document retrieval by _____.28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _____.29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _____.30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _____.A. information in imagesB. current popular search enginesC. using photosD. machine vision systemsE. document searchF. description of the HTML page更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。