考研英语逻辑关系词代词和文章结构词

1.五类逻辑关系〔前三类常考为核心，后二类为非核心〕：
第一类逻辑关系词：转折，让步，比照〔本质：不一致〕
(1). 转折，比照：however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet*, though*, whereas*, while*, still*〔但是〕, conversely, contrarily, contrary to, to the contrary, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, in comparison〔相反地〕, compared with (与…相比), unlike〔不像〕, excluding, save, except, except that, except for, other than, barring*, aside from*, apart from*〔不包括〕
(2). 让步：even if, even though, despite, in spite of, granted that, granting that, albeit, notwithstanding, although, though*, whereas*, while*〔尽管〕, (but) even so, (but) even now, (but) even then〔尽管如此〕, regardless of, irrespective of, regardless, even*〔即使〕
(3). 转折，让步，比照：while*〔尽管，然而〕
(4). 比照：instead, instead of, rather than, prefer to〔与其做…不如做…〕, either…or…〔或者…或者…〕, neither…nor…〔既不…也不…〕, other, anothe r〔其它〕, some…,others…〔一些…另一些…〕; some…most…〔一些…大局部…〕;some…the remaining(一些…剩余的…); the former…the latter…〔前者…后者…〕; on 〔the〕one hand…on the other hand…; on (the) one side…on the other side…〔一方面…另一方面…〕; some…others…still oth ers…〔一些…另一些…再一些…〕; against (相对) 类逻辑词：
no, not, without, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, less〔否认功能〕, stop, cease〔停顿〕, firstly, at first, previously〔曾经〕, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually(其实), oppose, against〔反对〕, comparison, contrast〔比照〕, interestingly〔有趣的是〕, ironically〔挖苦的是〕, (un)fortunately〔不幸的是〕, than(比拟级), anyway, anyhow〔无论如何，不顾〕,
第二类逻辑关系词：并列，递进，举例〔本质：一致〕
并列：and〔和〕, or〔或者〕, also, as well as, as well, too〔也〕,equally, similarly, alike, likewise, similar to〔与…相似〕, consistent with, parallel with〔与…一致〕, aside from*, apart from*, besides, including〔包括〕, still*〔仍然〕, according to(根据), as*, like*, as if, as though〔像，如〕, the way〔按…的方式〕, as usual〔像通常那样〕
递进：furthermore, moreover, additionally, in addition, in addition to, what’s more〔并且〕, above all〔最重要的是〕, indeed〔确实〕, even*〔甚至〕, not on ly…but (also)…not simply…but (also)〔不仅…而且…〕, more importantly, more significantly(更重要的是), still*, yet*, even*〔更，后加比拟级〕
举例总分：for example, for instance, such as, like*〔例如〕, of, among, in, between〔在这些当中…〕
举例分总：on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in a nutshell, to conclude, to sum up, all in all, generally, in general, overall, over all〔总而言之〕, eventually, finally, lastly, at last〔最终〕
举例的分：firstly, at first, first and foremost, in the first place, to begin with, to start with〔第一〕, secondly, in the second place, in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时) , then*〔然后〕, 递进词〔第二〕, thirdly〔第三〕…
类逻辑词：
并列：“,〞, “;〞, “—〞, “()〞, namely, viz., that is, or rather, in other words, put another way(即), this/it mean, this/it refer to, this/it signify, this/it suggest, this/it imply, this/it indicate, this/it conveys, this/it infer, this/it demonstrate, this/it show, this/it illustrate, this/it display, this/ it manifest, this/ it depict, this/it boil down to…(这意味着, 这指的是), call sth. sth., regard sth. sth. (宾语补足语), 同位语, 同位语从句, same(一样), again, once more(再次), still*(仍然,用于肯定
句), yet*(仍然,用于否认句), continue(继续),be动词(是), at the least(至少), at the most(至多), be regarded as, be considered as, be believed as, be envisioned as…(被看作)
举例：“:〞, e.g., include, including〔包括〕, 数词+名词, all these〔所有这些〕, conclusion, summary〔总结〕
第三类逻辑关系词：原因，结果，目的〔本质：因果〕
原因：because, as*, for*, given, considering, now that, in that, since*, because of, on the ground of, in view of, in (the) light of, by virtue of, as a result of, as a consequence of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to〔因为〕, after all〔毕竟〕, for fear of/that, lest(由于害怕, 唯恐)
结果：therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly(因此), consequently, in consequence, as a result, thereby〔结果是〕, so…that…, such…that…〔如此…以致于…〕
目的：for*, so that, such that, in order to, so as to(为了), in case*〔以防〕, to(为了) 提示词：
explanation(n.), explain(v.), account for(解释〕, justify, prove(证明), reason(n.), cause(n.＆v.), account〔原因〕problem(问题), causal(adj.), resulting(adj.)〔结果的〕, influence(n.), implication effect(n.)(影响〕, consequence(n.), result(n.)(结果), why(为什么), result from(导致于), root in, originate from, launched by, follow(来源于), raise, incur, arouse, affect, result in, bring about, lead to(导致), provoke, spur, urge, force, drive, stir, prompt(刺激,激起), make(使得), attribute A to B, owe A to B〔把A归因于B〕, A be put down to B〔A被归因于B〕, A be in response to B, A as a reaction to B(A是B的反响), the problem of A(A的问题在于…), by(通过…手段), to(为了)
第四类逻辑关系词：时间〔本质：时间〕
时间：after(在…后), thereafter(此后), before(在…前), between, during(在…间), later(后来), by, until(直到…), in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时), since, ever since, ever after(自从), even as(正当…时候), whenever(每当), then*(然后，那时), as*, while*, when*, whilst, once(当), henceforth, from now on(从今以后), until now, hitherto, so far, to date(至今为止)
第五类逻辑关系词：条件〔本质：条件〕
条件：unless, barring*,otherwise, or else(除非), when*, in case*, in case of(在…情况下), on condition that, as long as, so long as，providing, provided, suppose, supposing, if(假如), only if(只有当), if only(假如是…就好了)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 有一个以上功能的词：even; after all; still; yet; for; in case; aside from; apart from; while; as; like; since; barring; in the meanwhile; meanwhile; then; since; when; whereas, simultaneously 易混淆的词：so…that(结果)/so that(目的); such…that(结果)/such that(目的); accordingly(结果)/according to(并列); only if/if only(条件)/even if/even though(让步)/as if/as though(并列); in case(条件，目的)/in case of(条件); though(让步，转折)/although(让步)
2. 代词
第一类：he(him, his, his), she(her, her, hers), it(it, its, its), they(them, their, theirs)
第二类：this, that, these, those
第三类：the former, the latter
第四类：other, another, else
第五类：so, such
第六类：then
第七类：some, a few, a little, many, much, something, anything, nothing, none
第八类：here, there
第九类：the previous, the last, the latest, the next, the subsequent
3. 文章构造词
第一类：ago, before, past, previously, at first, firstly, once, old, traditional, conventional
第二类：now, nowadays, today, these days, these weeks, these months, these years, these decades, presently, lately, new
第三类：no longer, no more, not any more, change, alter, until, subsequently, after
第四类：still, yet, so far, up to now, hitherto, to this day
4. 等于号
be动词, 代词，并列逻辑关系词和提示词，举例逻辑关系词和提示词
5. 提问词
直接表达：means, show, reveal, demonstrate, signify, depict, indicate
间接表达：imply, infer, suggest, hint, connote。