新高考英语主题版一轮复习讲义主题3自我课堂互动

1 defend vt.辩解,辩白;防御,保护
◆单句填空
①They never even gave me a chance to defend(defend) myself.
②What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending(defend) an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
③The female hormones also help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.
◆完成句子
④We don't know how many people gave their lives in defence of(捍
卫)freedom.
⑤The traveller may fire at a wild beast to defend himself(保护自己)in case he is attacked.
⑥It's natural for a country to defend itself from/against(保护自己免受)other countries.
点拨
(1)defend oneself 自卫,为自己辩护
defend...from/against...保护……免受……的伤害
(2)defence n.防御;防护;保卫
in defence of 为了保护……
[点津]
与defend...from...类似的短语还有:
keep/prevent/stop...from...阻止……做……
protect...from...保护……免受……的伤害
2 deserve vt.值得;应得;应受
◆单句填空
①I think your suggestion deserves trying/to be tried(try).
②They didn't deserve to win(win).
◆句型转换
③We should keep in mind that everyone's ideas deserve consideration.
→We should keep in mind that everyone's ideas deserve considering.
→We should keep in mind that everyone's ideas deserve to be considered.
◆完成句子
④唐诗永远值得反复阅读。

Tang Poems deserve reading/deserve to be read again and again all the time.
⑤我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。

I think any good suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered.
点拨
deserve to do sth. 值得做某事
deserve to be done/deserve doing值得被做
deserve consideration 值得考虑
deserve one's respect值得某人的尊敬
[点津]
当物作主语时,deserve后接doing,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。

need, want, require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。

3 insist vi.坚持;坚持认为;坚决要求
◆单句填空
①Recently, he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
②An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human“(should) be(be)watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
③He persists in his bad habit.
点拨
insist on(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事
insist that...坚持认为……,坚决要求……
[联想]
后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有:一坚持(insist),二命令(order, mand),三建议(advise, suggest, propose),四要求(demand, require, request, ask),外加一个敦促(urge)。

[点津]
insist that:表示“坚持认为”时,从句用陈述语气;表示“坚决要求”时,从句用虚拟语气,谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。

[辨析]
insist与persist
{insist指坚持意见、看法、主张等,常与on连用。

insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后面从句要用虚拟语气。

persist多用于坚持行动,意为“坚持,执意”,常和in连用。

◆用harm,injure,hurt和destroy的适当形式填空
①The school was pletely destroyed by fire.
②The court case will do serious harm to my business.
③You'll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.
④Being injured in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.
◆单句填空
⑤How can I help my son without harming(harm) our relationship?
⑥Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful(harm) effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
⑦You needn't worry and this experiment was harmless(harm) to the animals. 点拨
harm sb./sth.
do harm to sb./sth.
do sb./sth.harm
be harmful to sb./sth.
}对某人/物有害;伤害某人/物
harmful adj. 有害的
harmless adj. 无害的
[辨析]
damage, destroy, injure, harm和hurt
(1)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏,通常指那种使价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害;
(2)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏;
(3)injure可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响;
(4)harm与hurt主要指带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害。

5 forbid vt.禁止(forbade, forbidden)
◆单句填空
①He even forbids me from chatting with my friends in the Internet cafe!
◆句型转换
考虑到他的学习,他的爸爸禁止他在微信上聊天。

In view of his study, his father forbade him/his chatting on WeChat.
②=In view of his study, his father forbade him to chat on WeChat.
③=In view of his study, his father forbade him from chatting on WeChat.
◆句式升级
④We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him.(用it作形式主语改写)
It's forbidden for us to play on the lawn belonging to him.
点拨
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
It's forbidden(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)做某事是禁止的。

[点津]
forbid的近义词是ban和prohibit,ban/prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事。

forbid后常接动名词作宾语,这类常考动词还有admit(承认)、avoid(避免)、consider(考虑)、deny(否认)、imagine(想象)、mind(介意)、escape(避免)等。

1 be supposed to 应该……,应当……
◆单句填空
①But, but... you weren't supposed to e(e) home until tomorrow!
②Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required(require) vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.
③Supposing/Suppose(suppose)she doesn't e, what shall we do?
◆一句多译
你本应该昨天就把作业交上的。

④You were supposed to have handed in your homework yesterday. (be supposed to)
⑤You should have handed in your homework yesterday. (should)
⑥You ought to have handed in your homework yesterday. (ought to)
点拨
be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(实际上未做)
be supposed to be...被认为是……
I suppose so. 我认为是这样。

I suppose not.(=I don't suppose so.)我认为不是这样。

suppose/supposing(that)假设;假定
[联想]
表示“本来应该做某事(但未去做)”的结构还有should have done sth.和ought to have done sth.等。

2 as long as 只要
◆单句填空
①We make no restrictions on the kinds of films we show—as long as a film's quality meets(meet)our standards, we include it.
◆赏句猜义(写出下列句子中as long as的汉语意思)
②This river is as long as that one.和……一样长
③I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.只要
◆选词填空(as long as, as well as, as far as, as good as)
④Mary as well as John has gone to Taiwan to spend their holiday.
⑤You can borrow my puter as long as you promise to return it in time.
⑥As far as I am concerned, I approve of the plan.
点拨
as long as只要,相当于so long as,引导条件状语从句。

[联想]
so well as与……一样好;也;还
as far as远到……;就……而言;至于
as good as与……一样好;与……几乎一样
1 with的复合结构
◆单句填空
①The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.
②With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day.
③With nothing to do(do),Tom sleeps at home.
④You should go to sleep with the light turned(turn) off.
⑤With winter ing(e) on,it's time to buy warm clothes.
⑥With all the things she needed bought(buy),she went home happily.
◆句型转换(用with的复合结构改写下列句子)
⑦The College Entrance Examination is drawing near,so the students feel great pressure.
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near,the students feel great pressure.
⑧After she took a great weight off her mind,she passed all the tests successfully. With a great weight taken off her mind,she passed all the tests successfully. 点拨
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”有六种情况:
(1)with+名词/代词+现在分词;
(2)with+名词/代词+形容词;
(3)with+名词/代词+副词;
(4)with+名词/代词+不定式;
(5)with+名词/代词+过去分词;
(6)with+名词/代词+介词短语。

[点津]
在with的复合结构中, 要特别注意宾语和宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系, 根据主动(现在分词)、被动(过去分词)、表示将来(不定式)等来选择正确的补足语形式。

2 have sth. done使……被……
◆单句填空
①Daniel has his arms crossed(cross) and looks upset.
②I'm sorry I can't go with you. I have some clothes to wash(wash).
③The boss had the workers working(work) day and night.
④I have some books to be taken(take) to my room,would you give me a hand?
⑤I'm writing to you to have my resume revised(revise).
点拨
“have sth. done”表示“使……被……”,这个结构也可以表示个人遭遇(通常为不好或不幸的遭遇)。

[点津]
have sb./sth. doing让……一直做……
have sb./sth. do 让……做……
have sth. to do有某事要做(动作由主语发出,不定式作后置定语)
have sth. to be done 有某事要做(动作不是由主语发出,不定式作后置定语)
can't/won't have sb. doing...不允许某人做……
3 every time引导时间状语从句
◆完成句子
①郎(平)一踏进体育场,所有的人都站了起来。

The moment/minute/instant/second/As soon as Lang stepped into the stadium, nobody could stay seated.
②我记得每次你来我们学校的时候,你都给我看一些关于那个主题的照片。

I remember you showed me some photos on that theme every/each time you visited our school.
点拨
every time为名词短语,在此处用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意思是“每当……”。

[联想]
可以引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有each time/the first time/next time/the last time。

[点津]
the first time 表示“第一次”,在句中可作宾语、表语,还可以用作连词,引导时间状语从句。

for the first time 表示“第一次”,独立作状语,不能引导从句。