让你的文章亮起来!

六大步骤，让作文语言靓丽起来古人云：“义虽深，理虽当，词不工者不成文。

”可见，语言作为思维的载体，对表达思想、提升文章品位的重要性。

语言有文采，可以大大增强文章的感染力，博得阅卷者的青睐，从而获得比较可观的分数。

孔子曰：“言之无文，行而不远。

”那么，怎样使语言有文采、靓丽起来呢？一、词语生动，句式灵活在选用词语时，应尽量选择那些具体、生动、形象、鲜明，内涵丰富的，能调动人感官体验的词语，而少用那些抽象、概括，不疼不痒的词语。

句子有长短、整散之别；语气有陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹之异；结构有常式、变式之不同。

不同的句式有不同的表达效果。

要根据表达的需要灵活选用句式，不能呆板地运用一、二种句式。

二、选用句式，添亮增色选用句式，是说句式运用要灵活，要富于变化，或对偶，或排比；或长句与短句结合，或整句与散句兼行等。

句式的灵活运用，常常能使文章摇曳生辉、添亮增色。

【例如】我们班会说话的有三种人：唾沫横飞，手舞足蹈，声嘶力竭，据理力争，这是第一种；几人一窝，天南海北，谈古论今，随口神侃，这是第二种；故作愚笨，实则聪颖，妙语联珠，专门搞笑，这是第三种。

上段文字，单就词汇本身而言并不高深，但排比句式的运用，使文句声调铿锵，陡增亮色，境界全出，彰显出一种非凡的气势和对称的美感。

三、巧用修辞，增添文采恰当地运用修辞手法，是增强文章的审美含量、增加文采、提升品位的重要手段。

如借助排比，便可以渲染气氛，增强气势，增进论证。

运用比喻，便可以化抽象为具体，增添情趣，令人遐想万千，思接古今。

在文中如能巧妙地使用比喻、排比、反复、拟人等修辞手法，文章就能“气象峥嵘，彩色绚烂”。

【例如】要表达“龙泉洞上的千手佛像爬满了青苔”这个意思，若不用任何修辞手法，可这样说：“龙泉洞上的千手佛像上到处布满青苔。

”语句显得平淡而乏味。

如果运用拟人、排比等修辞手法，则可以这样表达：“他微笑着，看青苔爬上脚趾，他微笑着，听青苔跃上双膝，他微笑着，任青苔浸上佛头。

作文指导—如何让作文语言亮起来_
写作文时，语言的亮度很重要，它能让你的文章更加吸引人。

那么，
怎么让作文的语言亮起来呢？我来给你支几招。

首先，用词要精准。

别老是用那些老掉牙的词，换点新鲜的，比如
“阳光明媚”换成“阳光灿烂”，这样一下子就能让句子生动起来。

其次，句子要多样化。

别总是用那种平平淡淡的陈述句，偶尔来点疑
问句、感叹句，或者用用排比句，这样文章的节奏感就出来了。

再来，就是要学会用修辞。

比喻、拟人这些修辞手法，用好了能让你
的句子瞬间亮起来。

比如，“树叶在风中沙沙作响”，可以写成“树
叶在风中轻声细语”。

还有，别忘了细节描写。

一个好的细节描写，能让读者仿佛身临其境。

比如写一个人紧张，可以写他的手心出汗，心跳加速。

最后，记得要有点个性。

每个人的写作风格都不一样，找到自己的风格，让文章有你独特的印记。

总之，写作文就是要多动脑筋，多尝试，慢慢你就会发现，作文的语
言自然就亮起来了。

加油！。

公文的小标题怎么“亮”起来（节选）公文（材料）的大标题通常有固定模式，而小标题相对灵活。

在小标题上多下功夫，可使文稿增色，达到事半功倍的效果。

精确生动的小标题好似贯通全文的一股气脉，保证段落间紧密联系、文稿通篇融为一体，又好似段落的眼睛，能够把段落的神气和要义直接传递出来。

一、小标题的提炼要求对好标题的理解见仁见智，所谓“一千个人眼中有一千个哈姆雷特”，但好的标题都有相通之处，主要有以下几点。

1.务实。

文风反映时代风貌。

奋进的时代要求务实的文风，我们应自觉坚持务实的文风。

小标题是文章风骨的浓缩反映。

一篇文章是走马观花、无病呻吟，还是直面问题、切中要害，看过小标题便知一二。

2.新颖。

审美疲劳是普遍心理。

再可口的饭菜，如果天天吃，也难吃出美味。

要使文稿摆脱“大众脸”，就需让小标题露出“新面孔”，使人眼前一亮。

3.简洁。

文章贵简，小标题更应清爽简练，惜字如金。

能不能写短，体现了平日的训练和积累。

简洁不是简单，不是蜻蜓点水，应努力做到简练中寓深意，语言干净又深刻。

4.清楚。

词文达意才能实现表达和沟通的作用。

应把小标题写得清晰精准，使读者只看标题便可明白大意。

5.灵活。

小标题不仅应满足政治上、事实上、文字上的严谨，还应努力做到生动醒目、富于变化。

常见方法是使用修辞，如比拟、借代、对比等。

6.连贯。

小标题体现了文章的逻辑体系。

一系列小标题构成文章的纲，纲举目张。

小标题根据段落意思，应各有侧重，彼此衔接呼应、内在贯通。

把小标题摆在一起，应既见树木、又见森林。

二、小标题的提炼过程提炼小标题大致有两个过程，一是初拟，二是深化。

在这个过程中，多运用演绎、归纳、对比等方法。

如果将小标题的提炼过程拆解开来，主要可分为五个步骤。

1.剖析问题。

文以载道，公文（材料）尤其重视解决实际问题。

找准要解决的问题，才能有的放矢。

因而，找准问题，对问题进行抽丝剥茧、条分缕析，找到其中最主要的关键点，是提炼标题的第一步。

2.辩证分析。

辩证法是两点论和重点论的统一。

记叙文写作训练——开头精彩，人见人爱！好的作文开头应做到：一简、二新、三美。

下面就来学习几种不同的开头方法，让你的作文亮起来！一、开门见山法：开头简单交代时间、地占、人物和事件，直接入题。

1、朱自清《背影》开头：我与父亲不相见已二年余，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。

2、梁衡的《夏感》开头：充满整个夏天的是一种紧张、热烈、急促的旋律。

3、《我的初中生活》的开头：点击岁月的鼠标，我记忆的银屏上就会呈现出一幅幅初中生活的斑斓画面。

二、环境渲染法：文章的开头先描写景物，渲染气氛，给读者以身临其境的感觉，为烘托人物，触景生情作了铺垫。

1、《心中筑起一堵墙》开头：教室外，呼啸着的北风挟着密集的雨点扑打在墙上“嚓嚓”地响。

教室里，一场全能竞赛考试进行到了白热化的阶段。

2、《母亲》开头：太阳落山了，昏黄的光晕渲染了半边天，我寂寞地趴在阳台上。

窗外那棵老杨树上，不知名的大鸟仍在不知疲倦地喂食它的小宝贝。

这画面，让我想起了母亲……三、倒叙开头法：文章开头先写出事情的结果，再写出事情的原因和经过，以造成悬念，增强文章吸引力。

1、《走出黑夜》开头：站在这充满荣誉的领奖台上，望着台下一张张羡慕的笑脸，听着他们真诚的掌声，我忽然想起了两年前，他们——我的同学将我从孤寂的暗夜引向光明的经历。

2、《我对网络的悔和爱》开头：“啪——”，一记清脆的耳光。

男孩子坐在床上，护着那半边红脸，低头哭泣，内心充满了愧疚。

旁边的父亲正在大声严厉地训斥，愤怒涨红了他的脸。

那个男孩就是我。

此事要从头道来——四、抒情开头法1、秦文君《表哥驾到》开头：我真想掌握一句呼风唤雨的咒语，假如现在念上一句，来一场特大风暴，表哥一行就得改变来这儿做客的计划。

2、《第一次登报》：第一次看到自已的文章变成铅字被刊登在报纸上，第一次握着凭着自已的本事挣来的稿费，激动、骄傲、自信等等一切幸福的感觉一涌而来。

五、对话开头法1、张之路《羚羊木雕》开头：“那只羚羊哪儿去啦？”妈妈突然问我。

体验生活立意高远掌握技巧一让你的考场作文亮起来作者：单巨兵来源：《作文通讯·初中》 2020年第7期本刊编委天津市南开中学语文教师单巨兵考场作文与平时写作不同，它是在短时间内、精神紧张的情况下完成的应试作文。

自己的作文要想得到阅卷老师的青睐，在具备一定写作基本功的前提下，更需要同学们临场发挥。

因此，掌握一些考场作文的应试技巧就十分重要。

在此，送给同学们12 字的秘诀———体验生活，立意高远，掌握技巧。

首先，考场作文需要丰富的生活体验。

生活是写作素材的主要来源，同学们要时时刻刻关注生活，体验生活，才能积累丰富的素材。

家庭生活的温暖，学校生活的多彩，社会生活的美好，大自然的勃勃生机，都可以成为我们的写作素材。

罗丹说：“世界上并不缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。

”只要同学们能拥有一双发现美的眼睛，用心观察，善于思考，你的文章一定会真实感人，情感饱满，引发读者共鸣。

其次，考场作文还需要有较高远的立意。

意高文自华，意高文自深。

一篇优秀的文章之所以具有很高的价值，很大程度在于文章立意高远。

无论写什么，同学们都要善于从自己独特的生活感受出发，寻找新颖的角度去挖掘事物的特点，透过现象看本质，进行深入的思考和分析，挖掘平凡生活中不平凡的意义，探究熟悉风景中别样的韵味。

要使考场作文立意深远，可以采用以小见大、欲扬先抑、对比衬托等方法进行构思。

最后，写好考场作文还必须掌握一些技巧。

这里提醒同学们注意三点：第一，要把作文的开头、结尾写好。

作文的开头力求简洁，控制在100 字以内；恰当使用比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法，增加文采；最好开篇点题，统领全文，让阅卷老师快速读懂文章内容。

文章结尾要注意篇末点题，照应前文；运用几个议论抒情句点明中心，升华主题。

第二，文章中要有具体描写的文段。

写人记事的记叙文，都应出现对人物、事件或者环境的描写。

具体的描写方法有：运用白描手法勾勒人物特征，运用修辞手法使描写更生动形象，抓住人事物的细微之处进行前后对比，运用多个动词刻画人物的连续动态变化，等等。

运用衬托的手法写一段话1. 哎呀，说到衬托这个写作手法，我可得好好给大家掰扯掰扯。

这可是个神奇的小妙招，用得好能让你的文章瞬间亮起来，就像给美女打了个高光一样，闪闪发光！2. 来，咱们先来个简单的例子。

想象一下啊，你走在热闹的街上，周围人来人往，喧嚣震天。

突然，你看到一个小女孩静静地坐在路边，专注地折着纸鹤。

这个画面是不是一下子就抓住你的眼球了？这就是衬托的魔力！3. 再来个生活化的。

你看啊，小区里到处都是高楼大厦，钢筋混凝土的丛林。

但是，在这片钢铁森林中，有一棵古老的大树，枝繁叶茂，树荫下还有几个老爷爷在下象棋。

这个场景是不是让你感觉特别温馨？这就是用现代化衬托出传统的魅力。

4. 哦，对了，咱们再来个有趣点的。

想象一下，班级里有个成绩特别好的学霸，每次考试都是满分。

这时候，你考了个及格分，本来挺沮丧的。

结果呢，你一看周围同学的分数，哎呀妈呀，都没及格！这下你的及格分是不是显得特别香？这就是用他人的失败来衬托自己的成功，虽然有点坏，但效果杠杠的！5. 来，咱们再来个感人的。

你看啊，一个满身泥土的农民工，蹲在路边吃着简陋的盒饭。

这时候，一个西装革履的白领从他身边匆匆走过，手里还拿着一杯星巴克。

这个画面是不是让你感觉特别心酸？这就是用富人的光鲜亮丽来衬托穷人的艰辛。

6. 哦，对了，咱们来个自然界的例子。

想象一下，一片漆黑的夜空，突然有一颗流星划过。

是不是觉得那颗流星特别耀眼？这就是用黑暗来衬托光明，效果简直不要太好！7. 再来个有点小幽默的。

你看啊，一群人在聚会，大家都穿得花里胡哨的。

突然，来了个穿着朴素的人，反而成了全场的焦点。

这就是用华丽来衬托简约，有时候少就是多啊！8. 来，咱们再来个带点讽刺的。

想象一下，一个满嘴仁义道德的人，做起事来却是损人利己。

旁边有个不怎么会说话的老实人，默默地帮助着他人。

这个对比是不是特别鲜明？这就是用虚伪来衬托真诚。

9. 哦，对了，咱们来个历史上的例子。

你看啊，在那个动荡的年代，大家都在为生存而挣扎。

如何让你的作文题目亮起来如果一个人拥有了一双聪明而又美丽的大眼睛，那么他就可以很好地传达情意；如果一篇文章拥有了一双迷人而又秀美的大眼睛——题目，那么它就可以强烈地吸引读者的眼球。

正如俗话所说的“秧好一半谷，题好一半文”，一个好的作文题目，一定会让人“一见钟情”的。

近些年来，许多省市的中考作文为了鼓励和培养考生的创新精神，都有让考生自拟题目的要求。

毫不夸张地说，题目拟得如何，不但存在着给阅卷老师第一印象的问题，甚至直接影响到阅卷老师对文章的评分。

怎样才能拟出一个引人注目的标题呢？我们就一起探讨一下这个问题。

首先我们以“滋味”这个话题为例，看看学生在拟题中常常出现的问题。

我们看看下面这些有问题的文章题目：1、审题失误，离题万里：《岁岁清明》《爱悄悄绽放》2、偷换概念，转移话题：《树荫下的青石路》《坚持的味道》3、切入角度太大，大而空：《滋味》《千滋百味》4、平淡苍白，缺少文学色彩和美感：《一件让我想入非非的事》《一路走来的滋味》从这些题目我们可以看出把作文话题作为题目、没有把握主旨、题目太大太宽泛、啰嗦不简洁太直白、平淡不吸引人是学生拟题中出现的主要问题。

针对这几方面的问题，我们提出了拟题的几方面的原则：1、标题范围要小，不要太大太泛；要合理出新，不落俗套。

如果标题太大，可用副标题的方式加以限制。

2、标题不能过长，过长显得松散。

多用词语或短语，一般不用句子。

3、标题要含蓄，含蓄能起到言有尽而意无穷的作用，且能加深阅卷老师对文章内容的印象和体会。

4、拟题时要善于联想。

联想的方式主要有以下三种： A、相关联想，由桌子联想到椅子（空间关联） B、相似联想，由春蚕联想到老师（奉献精神相似） C、相反联想，由安乐想到忧患（实质上的相反）明确了拟题的原则，我们再谈谈具体拟题时又有哪些技巧。

1、善补题，以小见大。

在宽泛的话题前面或后面做适当地增补，能对写作范围加以限制，使话题由大变小、由虚变实、由抽象变具体，是最常见的也是最实用的快速审题和拟题技巧。

“开头”让文章亮起来发表时间：2010-06-30T18:05:59.747Z 来源：《当代教育之窗》2010年第5期供稿作者：肖富英[导读] 一个能让人“一见钟情”引发无穷遐思的开头，往往能让你的文章增色不少，古人把好的开头叫做“凤头”就是这个道理，“凤头”更能牵引读者的目光。

文章开头又好象是一篇文章的脸面，这张脸孔是否漂亮，关系到能否给人留下好的第一印象。

“开头”让文章亮起来肖富英（渠县临巴中学四川渠县635200）常言道，“万事开头难”，又言“良好的开端是成功的一半”。

作文开头也是如此。

作文开头有给文章营造气氛、定下基调、统领全篇、引出下文等作用。

要给读者留下好的第一印象十分重要。

如果能恰到好处，常常一下子就能抓住读者，激发起阅读欲望和兴趣。

一个能让人“一见钟情”引发无穷遐思的开头，往往能让你的文章增色不少，古人把好的开头叫做“凤头”就是这个道理，“凤头”更能牵引读者的目光。

文章开头又好象是一篇文章的脸面，这张脸孔是否漂亮，关系到能否给人留下好的第一印象。

《语文课程标准》明确指出写作的总目标：“能具体明确、文从字顺地表达自己的意思。

能根据日常的需要，运用常用的表达方式写作。

写作是学生记叙生活、表达情感、发表见解的重要手段。

而九年义务教育阶段初中作文学生常写、喜欢写、乐于写的多是写人、叙事、写景等记叙类文章或记实文章，记叙类文章的开头方法有哪些呢？如何让开头为文章添彩，使文章亮起来？1．总领全文，概括要点这种开头，简明扼要地根括了文章的主要内容，一看便知文章的要点。

例如：“我最不能忘记的是父亲的背影。

《背影》开头提纲挈领，表示全文主要内容就是回忆父亲在不同时间、情况下的背影，表达对父亲的怀念。

“我家养了好几只猫，结局总是失踪或死亡”，这一句就表示全文就是讲叙自已家养三只猫的经过和作者的态度。

（《猫》）2．开篇点题，直接入题写人为主的记叙可直接交代人物或通过人物肖像、语言、行动等描写点题；叙事为主的记叙文，开头可点明事情发生的时间、地点和有关背景，进入主题。

有任何问题或建议请联系esub . 或 183381688【第一推荐】英文论文高级替换词，让你的文章“亮〞起来1. Big: gigantic, massive, colossal, enormous, immense, gargantuan, tremendous, titanic,giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky,2. ->many: numerous, myriad, infinite,3. ->forever (adv): infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying, endless, changeless,perpetually…4. Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite 〔女子身高娇小〕5. Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, distinguished,remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent, charming,stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesome 6. Bad: awful, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, poor,substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful,ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral…7. Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smart8. Happy: delightful, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful,9. Beautiful: charming, charismatic, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet,adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engaging…10. Fast：swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, nippy, like lightning,11. +hurry (v): hustle, rush, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot.12. Easy: simple, effortless, no trouble, painless, plain sailing, uncomplicated,undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), child’s play (informal),…13. Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident,manifest, palpable, plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid,plain, understandable, uninvolved, simple, …14. Direct: bald, basic, frank, naked, plain, sincere, stark, straightforward, candid,forthright, outspoken….15. Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated, complex, intricate, involved,knotty, perplexing, puzzling, thorny…16. Angry: annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate,mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful...17. Dangerous: perilous, breakneck, chancy (informal), hazardous, insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable18. Think (that): hold the (opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea) that, assume, believe, deem, reckon, argue, maintain, suppose, conceive, insist, be convinced, to my knowledge, personally, from my personal perspective, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle, consider, conceive, perspective...19. Show: convey, reveal, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example (reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…20. Know: realize, comprehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with,21. Get: acquire, attain, acquire, achieve, obtain, gain “学习〞不用learn22. Suggest: have a proposal in,23. Increase: magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance…24. Impress: affect, inspire, engrave on, imprint of,25. Influence: impact, affect, guide, sway,26. Stop: halt, cease, conclude, desist, end, pause, put an end to, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate…27. Make: create, assemble, built, construct, form, manufacture; fore, cause, compel, constrain, drive, impel, induce, oblige, prevail, upon, require…28. Give: present, award, contribute, deliver, donate, grant, hand over, hand out, provide,supply29. Break：separate, burst, crack, destroy, disintegrate, fracture, fragment, shatter, smash, snap30. Destroy: ruin, raze, annihilate, crush, demolish, devastate, eradicate, shatter, wipe out,wreck, obliterate, weaken, undermine…31. Happen: occur, come about, come to pass, develop, result, take place, transpire32. Problem: issue, question, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma.33. Meeting: conference, discussion, assembly, conclave, congress, convention,gathering session, assig nation, encounter, confrontation, argument, controversy…34. Study: learning, application, lessons, reading, research, school work, examination, analysis, consideration, contemplation, inspection, investigation, knowledge,scholarship…35. Advantage: ben efit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…36. Disadvantage: shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap (also v. 阻碍), downside, limitation.37. Life: existence, conduct, life style, way of life38. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)39. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)40. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)41. stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)42. neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention tosomething; ignore means no attention.)43. near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)44. pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)45. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)46. vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)47. top=peak, summit48. competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)49. blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)50. opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)51. fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation52. build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish53. insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)54. complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)55. primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental56. relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)57. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel58. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)59. complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)60. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her61. small=minuscule(very small), minute,62. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)63. hard-working=assiduous(someonewho is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly64. difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)65. poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)66. fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)67. show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)68. big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasizesomething’s large), tremendous69. avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)70. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)71. attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently72. dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!73. ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)74. always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)475. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)76. surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)77. enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#78. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!79. expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)80. luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive81.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)82. respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)83. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)84. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)85. hot=boiling(very hot)86. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)/87. nowadays=currently88. only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;89. stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)90. part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)91. result=consequence(the results or effects of something)92. obvious=apparent, manifest93. based on=derived from (can see or notice them very easily)94. quite=fairly95. pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)96. field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)97. appear=emerge(come into existence)98. whole=entire(the whole of something)899. wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! 100. wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)101. difficult=formidable102. change=convert(change into another form)103. typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)104. careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)105. ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)106. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or 107. /her opinion is different from most people)108. rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)109. use= utilize (the same as use)110. dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it. ) 111. satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and isfaction)112. short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) 113. scholarship=fellowship114. angry=enraged(extremely angry)115. smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)116. ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)# 117. attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)118. diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)119. disorder=disarray, chaos120. crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)121. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)122. ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)123. despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)124. best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/125. sharp=acute(severe and intense)126. unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^127. puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)128. method=avenue(away of getting something done)129. famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)130. ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)131. decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive viadecorating it with something else)/132. possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 133. so=consequently, accordingly134. rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often135. greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)136. a couple of years several years 几年137. abundant plentiful/ample/sufficient/adequate adj. 丰富的138. a myriad of a multitude of/a great variety of/a wide range of/a number of 许多〔都可接可数名词〕139. increase accelerate v. 加快140. accessible available adj. 可接近的141. accordingly for that reason/ consequently/therefore adv. 因此142. account for explain/interpret 解释 * He accounts for the missing items as lost.143. accumulate collect/accumulate/enhance/augment/extend/increase/stretch v. 积累，增加144. actually in reality/in fact adv. 实际上145. adhere stick v. 粘附146. adjunct addition n. 附属物147. administer manage vt. 管理148. admire think highly vt. 钦佩149. adorn decorate vt. 装饰150. advent arrival n. 〔指不寻常的人或事〕到来151. adverse negative adj. 不利的152. advocate proponent/supporter n. 提倡者153. aesthetic artistic adj. 美学的154. aid help n./vt. 帮助155. alert wary/wit adj. 机敏的156. allay reduce/roll back/decline vt. 减少157. alter change/shift/transfer/convert vt. 改变158. alternative option n. 另外的选择159. altogether completely/totally/wholly/utterly adv. 完全地160. amount sum n. 总和161. annihilate conquer/subjugate vt. 消灭162. antagonist enemy n. 对手163. anticipate look forward to vt. 预料164. apace with as fast as 齐头并进165. appealing attractive/intriguing/fancinating/inviting/tempting adj. 动人的166. apply to be used for 应用，适用167. appreciation recognition n. 欣赏，品味168. apt appropriate/suitable adj. 适当的169. arduous difficult/tedious/laborious adj. 费力的，困难的170. article object/item/stuff n. 物品171. ascend climb vt. 抬高，攀登172. assemble gether/put together/aggregate vt. 集合173. assortment variety n. 各种物品混合物174. assumption belief/hypothesis n. 假设，确定的想法175. attachment preference n. 喜欢，依恋176. attain achieve/acquire/obtain/gain/derive/get vt. 到达，获得177. attendant accompanying adj. 伴随的178. attire clothing n. 盛装，穿着179. attribute credit v * Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by somea authorities as the originator of feminism in the US.180. avail make use v. 有用181. avid for eager to/long for/look forward to 渴望182. avoid prevent/inhibit/hinder v. 防止，阻止183. barren infertile/fruitless adj. 贫瘠的184. besides in addition to/ moreover/furthermore adv. 除了…还有185. bias prejudice/discrimination n. 偏见186. bind tie/attach v. 捆绑，使结合187. boost raise/enhance vt. 增加，提高188. bound limit n. 围，限制189. boundary dividing line n. 分界限190. break departure from 破裂191. brittle fragile/easily broken adj. 易碎的192. burning flaming/scorch adj./n 燃烧的，燃烧193. calculate determine/numerate v. 计算194. carry support/sustain/uphold v. 支持，支撑195. carry on continue 继续196. cause bring about/lead to/induce/result in v. 导致，引起197. cease stop v. 停止，终止198. celestial astronomical adj. 天体的，天上的199. characteristic character/quality n. 特征200. charisma personal magnetism n. 个人魅力201. chronicle describe v. 记述202. classify categorize vt. 把…分类203. clear unobstructed adj. 畅通的204. clue information n. 线索，信息205. cluster group/concentrate n./v. 串，群，聚集，丛生206. coarse rough/crude adj. 粗糙的207. coin create/spawn vt. 创造208. coincide occur at the same time as/correspond vi. 〔事情〕等同时发生，相巧合209. * Our vaations coincided, so we traveled together.210. * Your account of the accident has little correspondence with the story. 211. collectively by group together adv. 集体地，共同地212. combine incorporate/fuse v. 联合213. come of age establish itself 到达法定年龄，确立自身地位214. comparable similar/equivalent adj. 相当的，类似的215. compel force vt. 强迫，使不得不216. competition struggle n. 竞争217. complimentary falttering adj. 称赞的218. component part/ingredient/composition/constituent/element n. 要素，成分，组成局部219. compose write vt. 作曲220. comprise consist of/constitute/make up vt. 包含，由…组成221. conceal cover/occult/hide/veil/ensconce vt. 隐藏222. conclusive definitive/decisive adj. 决定性的223. concomitant in conjunction with adj. 伴随的224. concrete specific adj. 具体的，实体的225. configuration arrangement n. 轮廓，构型226. confine limit/ restrict/fix vt. 限制，固定227. confirm uphold/sanction/ratify/prove/justify vt. 证实，使…更坚决228. conflicting opposing adj. 相冲突，相矛盾的229. conjectural based on guessing adj. 推测的230. connect relate v. 连接，联系231. consequence result/outcome n. 结果，后果232. conserve store/retain/preserve/maintain vt. 保存，保藏233. considerable large/substantial/much/great/vast adj. 相当可观的234. consistent constant adj. 一致的，稳定的235. consort associate vi. 陪伴，结交236. conspicuous noticeable/spectacular/marked/pronounced/apparent/obvious/strikingadj. 显著的，引人注目的237. consume eat vt. 消费，消耗238. contemporary existing adj. 当代的，现代的239. convergence gathering n. 聚集240. corresponding similarly adv. 相应地，对应地241. count weigh v. 有价值，有分量242. counteract negate vt. 抵消243. counterpart version n. 对应的人或物244. crisscross move back and forth vi. 穿插往来245. crucial fatal/vital/significant/important/key/remarkable/meaningful adj.重要的246. cumbersome burdensome/heavy/ponderous adj. 笨重的，难处理的247. dampen moisten vt. 使潮湿248. daring bold/fearless adj. 大胆的，勇敢的249. deadly extreme/exceeding/intense adj. 极度的,强烈的250. deft skilled/experienced/skillful/expert adj. 灵巧的，熟练的251. deliberate careful/meticulous adj. 审慎的，深思熟虑的252. demand require/call for/request/mandate v. 要求253. demise death n. 死亡254. demonstrate show/reason/elaborate vt. 演示，论证255. dense thick adj. 密集的，浓厚的256. depend on/upon rely on/hinge on(upon) 依靠,取决于257. depict portray/sketch/draw vt. 描绘，描写258. depress lower vt. 压低259. derived from based on 来源于260. detect feel/sense vt. 觉察,探测261. detectable measurable/apparent adj. 可觉察，可查明的262. devatate ruin/destroy vt. 毁坏263. devote dedicate/specialize in vt. 投身于，用于264. dictate determine vt. 规定，确定265. disaster catastrophe/tragedy/misfortune n. 灾难，不幸266. discard get rid of vt. 丢弃267. discrete separate/scattered adj. 离散的，不连续的268. dispute argument/debate n. 争论，纠纷269. disseminate spread/impart/peddle/bruit vt. 传播，宣扬270. distinct separate/different/distinguishing/diverse/dissimilar/varied adj. 明确的，不同的271. distinguish differentiate vt. 区别，识别272. divergence difference/dissimilarity n. 分歧273. document record vt. 证明，文件记载274. domain field/region/realm/scope/extent n. 领域，围275. dominate be pervalent in/govern vt. 统治，支配276. dramatic striking/drastic/radical/severe adj. 戏剧性的277. draw attract/lure/entice vt. 吸引,引诱278. durable long-lasting adj. 持久的279. dwelling house n. 住处280. eager enthusiastic adj. 渴望的281. efficiency effectiveness n. 功率282. elaborate detailed/ornate/pinpoint/exhaustive adj. 详尽的，精心〔过分〕装饰的283. elevate promote vt. 举起，使上升284. elicit bring out vt. 引出，得出285. embrace welcome vt. 拥抱，欣然承受286. emerge appear vi. 出现，浮现287. emit give off vt. 发出，放射288. emphasize stress/underscore vt. 强调，着重289. employ use vt. 使用290. enable allow/help/make possible v. 使能够，使可能291. enactment persformance n. 设定，制定292. encompass include/contain/embody vt. 包括，包含293. endless continuous adj. 无止境的294. engage in carry on 从事于295. entire whole adj. 全部的296. entity object n. 实体，存在297. equivalent interchangeable adj. 相等的，等同的298. eradicate eliminate/uproot vt. 铲除，杜绝299. essential fundamental/basic/chief/primary adj. 绝对必要的，根本的300. establish create v. 设立，创作301. estimate judge vt. 估计302. evidence indicate/testimony vt./n. 证明，说明，证据303. evolution development n. 开展，演变304. evolve develop v. 进化，开展305. exalted superior/optimal/best adj. 崇高的，高贵的306. excavate dig out vt. 挖出307. excellent /outstanding/splendid/brilliant/exceptional/remarkable/distinguished/prominent/ famous adj. 优良的，出色的308. execute administer/bring into effect/implement/carry out vt. 实施，执行309. exert cause vt. 行使，施加310. exorbitant expensive/costly adj. (价格)昂贵的311. expendable unprofitable/unnecessary adj. 不必要的,无利可图的312. extol praise/tout vt. 赞美313. extract remove vt. 拔出，榨取314. fabricate make/construct v 制作，装配315. faction side n. 派别，宗派316. faraway remote/over great distances adj. 遥远的317. fashion create vt. 造成318. favored preferred adj. 首选的，优惠的319. feed nourish/rear/raise v. 喂养，饲养320. firm hard/steadfast adj. 坚决的，结实的321. fixture commonplace object n. 固定设备322. flourish thrive/grow well vi. 繁荣，茂盛323. forage feed n. 饲料324. foremost leading adj. 最先的，最重要的325. formidable difficult/powerful/overwhelming/staggering adj. 可怕的，困难的326. frame pose vt. 提出，制定327. framework structure n. 构架，骨架328. free release/unravel v. 解除，释放329. frustrate thwart v. 挫败330. fuel source of energy n. 能源，燃料331. functional usable adj. 功能的，有用的332. furnish provide vt. 装备，提供333. gambit maneuver/tactic/policy/calculated risk/strategy n. 策略，谋略334. gap opening/separation n. 缺口335. glance brief look/browse n. 瞥视，浏览336. glowing shining/sparkling adj. 白热的337. goal end/destination/purpose/intent n. 目标338. gradually by degrees adv. 逐渐地339. graphic vivid/dramatic adj. 图解的，生动的340. grumble complain/repine v. 抱怨341. guarantee ensure/pledge/assure vt. 保证342. hardiest most vigorous adj. 最强壮的343. heart center/hub n. 中心344. hemisphere sides n. 半球，半脑345. henceforth form that time on 从此以后346. herald announce/declare/proclaim/note vt. 宣布..消息347. hinterland region n. 腹地348. identical exactly alike adj. 同一的，完全一样的349. ignite set on fire/spark v. 点燃350. imitate copy vt. 模仿351. immunity protection n. 免疫性352. immutable unchangeable adj. 不变的353. imperceptibly subtly adv. 不可觉察地，极缓慢地354. implement tool/apparatus/instrument n. 工具，乐器355. implication significance/meaning n. 意义356. impose demand vt. 把…强加于357. incacessible unreachable adj. 难到达的358. inception beginning/outbreak n. 开端，发作359. incinerate burn up v. 烧成灰烬360. incise carve/cut/chop/slice/shear vt. 切割361. inclination preference n. 倾向，嗜好362. incriminate blame/accuse vt. 归罪，控告363. indigence poverty n. 贫乏，穷困364. induce cause/court/lure vt. 诱使，促使365. influx arrival n. 流入，聚集366. initiate start vt. 开场，发起367. innovation new idea/reformation n. 改革，创新368. insignificant unimportant/trivial adj. 不重要的369. instance case n. 实例，例证370. insult affront/humiliate vt. 侮辱371. integral essential adj. 构成整体必需的372. intermittent periodic adj. 间歇的，断断续续的373. interval period n. 间隔时间374. intervention influence/interference n. 干预，介入375. intimate close adj. 亲密的376. intricate complex adj. 复杂的，总和的377. invade move into/aggress vt. 侵略378. lament complain about vt. 为…悲哀379. lie be located v. 位于380. load weight/task n. 重担，重任381. location place/spot/site/locality n. 位置，地方382. locate pry off vt. 找出定位383. magnify intensify vt. 放大，扩大384. major principal adj. 主要的，大型的385. manage preside over/oversee v. 负责，统辖386. margin edge n. 边缘387. means method n. 方法388. merely only/barely/solely adv. 仅仅389. meteoric rapid adj. 迅速的390. minuscule tiny adj. 极小的391. misconcept misapprehend/misconceive vt. 误解392. modify revise/change vt. 修改393. momentarily briefly adv. 短暂的394. monopolize dominate/preempt v. 垄断，独占395. motif thesis/design n. (作品)主题，主旨396. mundane ordinary/mediocre adj. 平常的，普通的397. myriad many/infinite adj. 无数的398. * the myriad activity of the new land/ myriad topics399. nap sleep briefly n. 打盹400. * take a nap401. nascent immature/fledgeless adj. 新生的402. nevertheless however adv. 然而403. norm standard/criteria n. 标准，规404. note abserve v. 注意到405. notwithstanding despite/in spite of prep. 尽管"* The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain./ Weproceeded, notwithstanding./ Notwithstanding his objections the marriage took place / She went swimming yesterday notwithstanding (that)her mother told her not to."406. noxious harmful/deleterious adj. 有害的407. obstacleimpediment n. 阻碍408. oscillate swing v. 摇摆震荡409. outline summarize v. 总结，概括410. partitioning division n. 划分411. peak maximum/apogee/zenith/vertex n. 顶点，最高点412. peculiar strange/fantastic/exotic adj. 奇异的413. penetrate go through/infiltrate v. 穿透，渗透414. perfect ideal adj. 完美的，理想的415. period era/epoch n. 时代416. periphery outer edge n. 外围417. permeate spread through/saturate/soak vt. 弥漫，渗透418. persist continue vi. 坚持，持续419. pertinent relevent adj. 相关的，切题的420. phenomena events n. 现象421. pick up follow/trace v. 寻找，寻路422. picture image n. 图片423. pit hole n. 坑，地坑424. plunge drop vi. 跳进，投入425. pore hole n. 小孔，气孔426. portable easily moved adj. 便携的427. position job n. 职务428. postulate suggest vt. 要求，假设429. potential possible adj. 可能的，潜在的430. precarious uncertain/unstable/insecure adj. 不稳定的，危险的431. preceding prior to/ahead of 在前的432. predecessor ancestor/antecedent n. 前辈，前任433. preferable favored adj. 更好的，更可取的434. preoccupation involvement n. 当务之急，全神贯注的状态435. presumably probably adv. 据推测，可能436. prevail dominate v. 成功，统治437. prevailing most frequent/dominant adj. 流行的，盛行的438. prized valued/precious adj. 贵重的439. probe explore v. 调查研究440. progressive forward looking adj. 前进的，累进的441. projecting protruding adj. 突出的，伸出的442. prolific productive/fruitful adj. 多产的，多结果443. prospect possibility n. 前景，期望444. prototype model n. 原型445. puncture pierce vt. 刺穿，戳破446. pursue chase v. 追赶447. rather than instead of 相反的448. raw unprocessed/crude adj. 未加工的449. readily easily adv. 容易地，欣然地450. realization awareness/consciousness n. 意识451. reap accept vi. 收割，收获452. reckless irresponsible/rude/imprudent adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的453. recruit enlist vt. 征兵454. refreshing unusual adj. 使人耳目一新455. regardless of no matter what 不管，不管456. reliance dependence n. 依赖，依靠的人或物457. renounce reject/refuse/turn down/decline v. 拒绝，声明放弃458. representative typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的459. reputation good name n. 名声460. resemble be similar to vt. 像，类似461. resourcefulness ingenuity n. 足智多谋462. revere respect vt. 尊崇，尊敬463. revitalize bring new life to v. 新生464. robust strong adj. 强壮的465. rot decay/erode/decompose v. 腐烂466. rotate alternate/turn v. 轮流，〔使〕旋转467. roughly approximately adv. 概略地，大致地468. rudimentary undeveloped adj. 初步的，未发育完全的469. run operate/manipulate v. 操纵470. rupture burst/break out v. 破裂，裂开471. rushing rapid adj. 急流的472. sanitation health n. 〔公共，环境〕卫生473. scale measure/grade/rank/order/caste n. 等级，规模474. scarce rare adj. 缺乏的，稀有的475. scatter irregularly distribute v. 分散476. score musical compositions n. 乐谱477. scurry rush v. 急赶478. secondary ancillary adj. 次要的，伴随的479. secure safe adj. 平安的480. sedentary inactive adj. (人或动物)土生，不移栖的481. sentiment opinion/viewpoint/standpoint n. 意见，观点482. serve as function as v. 充当483. set establish v. 确定，安置484. settle decide v. 决定，解决485. settled stable/standing/not flowing adj. 固定的486. shield protect/safeguard v. 保护487. suspicion doubt n. 疑心488. skyrocket increase rapidly/boost/increase sharply/accelerate/surge vi. 猛涨489. * The prices skyrocketed490. snap break v. 突然折断491. solemn serious adj. 庄严的，肃穆的492. sort out speparate/pick out/select/opt for v. 挑选出493. span cover vt. 跨越494. spark bring out vi. 发起，激起495. speculate hypothesize v. 推测，沉思496. standard customary adj. 标准的497. staple basic element/necessities n. 主要产品，日常必需品498. stimulate encourage/ferment/foster/spur/stimulate/incite/urge v. 刺激，激发499. story level n. 楼层500. strain stress v. 过滤，拉紧501. strength basis n. 实力，根底502. stringent strict adj. 严厉的503. strive try/struggle v. 奋斗，努力。