daixaic托福_iBT(新东方在线网络课堂讲义目录)

七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。

吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。

情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。

是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。

乃书于纸上。

毕而卧。

凄然入梦。

乙酉年七月初七。

-----啸之记。

托福iBT 阅读新老托福阅读的变化0 新老托福阅读的变化句子简化题1.1 句子简化题做题步骤1.2 The Great Red Spot1.3 Camouflage1.4 Post-it Note排除列举题2.1 单词列举题2.2 短语列举题2.3 句子列举题2.4 专项练习12.5 专项练习2插入句子题3.1 Popcorn3.2 Lions3.3 Accidental Inventions托福iBT 听力听力语音技巧0 连读规则1 弱读+失音+失爆规则ibttoefl听力的练习方法2 声音方面的练习方法3 思路方面的练习方法Exercise 小对话4 1-5题听力原文5 第1题详解6 第2题详解7 第3题详解8 第4题详解9 第5题详解10 6-10题听力原文+详解11 11-20题听力原文12 第11-12题详解13 第13-17题详解14 第18-20题详解15 第21-30题听力原文16 第21-24题详解17 第25-27题详解18 第28-30题详解Directions 段落19 段落练习方法详解(如何做笔记)20 Campus Life Topics—passage 121 Campus Life Topics—passage 222 Campus Life Topics—passage 3(题目部分)23 Campus Life Topics—passage 3(笔记详解)24 Campus Life Topics—passage 3(题目详解)25 Academic topics—passage 126 Academic topics—passage 227 Academic topics—passage 3(题目部分)28 Academic topics—passage 3(笔记详解)29 Academic topics—passage 3(题目详解)30 Academic topics—passage 4(题目部分)31 Academic topics—passage 4(详解) Sample Test 模拟练习32 passage 1(题目部分)33 passage 1(详解部分)34 passage 2(题目部分)35 passage 2(笔记详解)36 passage 2(题目详解)37 passage 3(题目部分)38 passage 3(详解部分)39 passage 4(题目部分)40 passage 4(详解部分)41 总结托福iBT 口语新托福考试介绍00 新老托福对比01 新托福题型概览02 中国学生在表达上的问题03 评分标准分析及考前策略题型详解4.1 1题分析讲解4.2 1题练习1.24.3 1题练习3.44.4 2题分析讲解例14.5 2题例2.例34.6 2题例44.7 strategies during the test 14.8 strategies during the test 24.9 1题复习练习题14.10 1题复习练习题24.11 2题复习练习题4.12 3题分析讲解4.13 3题例14.14 3题例2.例34.15 3题例44.16 4题分析讲解14.17 4题分析讲解24.18 4题例1.例24.19 1题复习回顾4.205.6题分析讲解4.21 5题例14.22 5题例2.例34.23 5题例44.24 Review 1题4.25 Review 2题4.26 Review 3题4.27 Review 4题4.28 Review 5题4.29 6题分析讲解4.30 6题例1、2、34.31 总复习1、2题4.32 总复习3、4题4.33 总复习5、6题4.34 新托福口语总体备考建议托福iBT 写作新托福写作概览1.1 新托福简介1.2 新托福写作介绍1.3 写作基本知识应试技巧(1) 1.4 写作基本知识应试技巧(2)新托福写作须知1.5 写作部分须知1.6 语法2.1 逻辑性2.2 表达方式2.3 文化的影响2.4 基本要求2.5 分数对照表2.6 新托福写作考试指令及范例2.7 考试界面2.8 阅卷人心理分析2.9 如何准备新托福写作新托福独立写作攻略3.1 评分标准3.2 句子表达练习题,写作原则3.3 题库分析(1)3.4 题库分析(2)3.5 审题(1)3.6 审题(2)3.7 审题(3)3.8 审题(4)3.9 审题(5),提纲4.1 论点与理由(1)4.2 论点与理由(2)4.3 论点与理由(3)4.4 论点与理由(4)4.5 文章结构和主体框架4.6 文章内容比例,人称4.7 开头方法(1)4.8 开头方法(2)5.1 主题句,结尾5.2 重述语意的技巧(1)5.3 重述语意的技巧(2)5.4 重述语意的技巧(3)5.5 段落(1)5.6 段落(2)5.7 范文讲解5.8 衔接手段,举例与引用(1) 5.9 举例与引用(2)语言6.1 黄金句型1.26.2 黄金句型3.倒装句6.3 黄金句型3.倒装句6.4 黄金句型3.倒装句黄金句型4.5黄金句型6.7.8Best words词汇选择范文讲解（1）范文讲解（2）范文讲解（3）新托福综合写作攻略评分标准题型分析、学习要点（1）学习要点（2）学习要点（3）学习要点（4）应对阅读中的陌生名词寻找并记录要点、文章框架精彩句型范文分析（1）范文分析（2）托福iBT 词汇学习词汇的误区1.1 学习词汇的误区（1）1.2 学习词汇的误区（2）100个核心单词2.1 appropriate/article/figure/fashion/factor2.2 fec-/ fac-/ fic-/fig-2.3 arrested/aggregate2.4 aggregate/aggressive/auditorium/assume consume/resume 2.5 bill/catch2.6 champion2.7 close2.8 complex /exploit /count/cure/secure2.9 cut/deal/default/defer/dominant3.1 down/draw/exclude3.2 fair3.3 fine/functional/give/hit/stroke/humor3.4 import3.5 incredible/involved/issue/lead3.6 letter/letters/lot/minute3.7 novel/precise4.1 observe/preserve/serve4.2 outstanding/partial/perspective 4.3 pound/produce4.4 project/promise红色部分表明已经有了。

科普类1.aer, aero, aeri=air,aerial adj.航空的, 生活在空气中的, 空气的, 高耸的n.天线aerobic a. 增养健身法的（pl.）n.有养运动aeromechanics n.航空力学aerogram n.无线电报, 航空邮件aerospace n.航空宇宙aerosphere n.大气层aeroview n.空中俯瞰图aerophotography n.航空摄影术2.agr=(field, land) ＝acreagriculture n.农业, 农艺, 农学massacreagronomy n.农艺学, 农学agrology n.土壤学, 实用土壤学agrarian adj.有关土地的, 耕地的(为ian作为后缀表示形容词“。

的”或者“。

的人”。

)3.anthrop=humananthrop ology n.人类学paleoanthrop ology n.古人类学misanthrop ist n.厌恶人类者, 厌世者anthrop表示“人类”，而此处出现的后缀是ology，表示学科，因此anthropology就是人类学；而paleo作为前缀就是“古代”的意思，所以paleoanthropology是古人类学的意思；mis作为前缀表示“错误，厌恶”的意思，因此misanthropist表示“厌恶人类者, 厌世者”。

4.aqua=wateraquar ium n.养鱼池, 玻璃缸, 水族馆（-ium表示“场所，容器”）aquat ic a.水生的，水栖的（-ic一般表示形容词）op aque n.不透明物adj.不透明的, 不传热的, 迟钝的（op-一般表示“阻碍，反”对）Hydra-Hebe S.H.E.5.astro, aster=starastronom ical a.天文学的(-ical表示形容词)astro nomy n. 天文学(-nomy表示“某一领域”)astronom er n.天文学家，宇航员(-er表示“人”，或者“动作的发出者”)astrospace n.宇宙空间astro naut n.太空人, 宇航员(-naut表示“人”)dis aster n.灾难, 天灾, 灾祸（dis-表示“分开，否定”的意思）6.bio, bi=lifebio logist n.生物学家(-ist表示“人”)bio graphy n.传记(-graphy表示“写”)anti bio tic n.抗生素adj.抗生的(anti-表示“反对，反抗”；-ic表示形容词或者名词)bio sphere n.生物圈(-sphere表示“球，圈”)bio cid e n.生物杀灭剂(-cide表示“切，杀死”)a bio sis n.无生命(a-表示“加强”，或者“否定”；；-sis表示名词)sym bio sis n.[生]共生现象, 合作，互利关系(sym-表示“共同，一起”；-sis表示名词) 7.celer=quickac celer ate v.加快，加速（acc-表示加强，-ate表示动词，形容词或者名词）celer ity n.敏捷, 快速(-ity表示抽象名词)ac celer ator n.加速者, 加速器（acc-表示“加强”）ac celer ation n.加速度（acc-表示“加强”）de celer ate v.(使)减速(de-表示“向下，破坏，消极”的意思)de celer ation n. 减速(-tion表示名词)excel excellent8.chron=timechron ic adj.慢性的, 延续很长的chron icle n.编年史v.编入编年史(-icle表示“集合名词”)chron ology n.年代学, 年表(-ology表示“某一领域”)syn chron ize v.同步(syn-表示相同，同时；-ize表示“使。

北京新东方全部托福资料（词汇，听力，阅读，写作，口语还有对应软件免费版）都给你总结好了，附带全部链接，分享的同学一定是100分以上。

有了它，就不用花钱去书店了。

就不用花钱买软件了！！！词汇类李笑来TOEFL核心词21天excel版下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0712/20071211_bf54b359d01f5087df89XWGMBWh8L1rd.rar)文件大小：84.95KB李笑来TOEFL核心词21天MP3下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_0554b919aaf1d0107749XwfVpzof7oVr.rar)文件大小：23.92MB熟词偏义词汇列表下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071016_de4fa88310782460e1e4tiFlsNuX7uLi.zip)文件大小：12.42 KB老俞托福词汇串讲（网络课堂）帖子链接：/bbs/thread-2571-1-1.html俞敏洪Tofel单词串讲（非网络课堂）下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_ef4045d5846bcbbe1a77lCURXvPKRmAe.rar)文件大小：48.79 MB俞敏洪托福词频(文本文档）下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0708/20070830_4d7d3225bdd91a028debt77gEeKJm1YU.rar)文件大小：1.4 MB老俞托福词汇2004版下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0708/20070830_69869346dfb2b8a18545obsqqCAxmeAH.rar)文件大小：77.16 KB托福词汇词根联想下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070908_b670f6bc04a7bc041574T3xA58b70qE7.rar)文件大小：77.16 KB新东方词根词缀大全下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0805/20080522_d21bb77d87c70ee6116bTyBMjykr8xFl.rar)文件大小：216.94 KB说明文字：背单词其中一个很重要的方法，就是词根词缀记忆法,解压后为word格式，用C trl+F来搜索你需要的词根的意思,当成字典来用吧.赵丽8000词汇笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071027_00f355ca8033ba07cdb7Aicpkxg7IuHy.rar)文件大小：26.59 KB口语部分新东方口语特训文本（T1&T2）下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0708/20070830_5d7feab94900d55b6b0ckYyiP36FSz9n.rar)文件大小：27.37KBXDF十一特训口语部分的PPT帖子链接：/bbs/thread-4817-1-1.html新东方toefl口语训练下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_efa51ec80e5b1388fd99T3bopkBxRAF4.rar)文件大小：157.22MB托福IBT之路：从开始复习到10月27日详细机经【long】(zz)帖子链接：/bbs/thread-4885-1-1.html听力部分邱正正托福听力网络课堂下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0711/20071118_94bcabc905b08554521dSYVIdQhERwuD.rar)文件大小：87.92 MB说明文字：老托福的网络课堂，SWF文件可以用暴风影音打开托福听力网络课堂配套教材帖子链接：/bbs/thread-1583-1-1.html邱政政听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0712/20071228_24c8f76bcd948499bbd6gZZmngePA7Ow.rar)文件大小：558.35KB说明文字：配套上述网络课堂的笔记马骏07年1月托福强化班笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0804/20080404_2bac11b562896b12c5a70LjAbO36wCT6.rar)文件大小：10.87KB宁滨老师听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071013_c35fd2f526f6f89552c75syUjpU1TadA.rar)文件大小：44.29 KB说明文字：宁滨是新东方托福特级教师，主讲听力和口语，是他的听力课堂笔记托福听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0805/20080514_ca6009fbb6f2e7f4fb5cndWu3MR7aZcp.doc)文件大小：55 KB[转帖]gter托福听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_252cb0108f463569d40auVF0pTtBWSPR.rar)文件大小：7.63 MB写作部分孙远托福作文（网络课堂）帖子链接：/bbs/thread-771-1-1.htmlredrock托福作文（网络课堂）帖子链接：/bbs/thread-772-1-1.html新东方作文课ppt（戴云的）帖子链接：/bbs/thread-4598-1-1.html说明文字：跟随我们的戴教主系统的学习TOEFL写作, 其中包括戴云网络写作课堂的讲义(最全讲义), 以及他给他的教徒们准备的资料、提纲。

新东方在线网络课程教材TOEFL-IBT听力主讲：金鑫考试时间：60或90若听力是2个section 时间小于60min，题目为34个若听力加考的话，3个section 时间小于90min，题目51个Section = 1 conversation（非学术性内容）+ 2 lecture （学术性内容）（4-6 min，每个对话）Conversation 5个题，lecture 6个题，总17个题听清对话—笔记—解题美音的语速很快，有些语音听不到，要对语音信号有反应。

句子：①连读：Ⅰ：辅音＋元音（如果前一辅音以辅音结尾，后一个以元音开头，连读）在美音的发音里面爆破音t经常被发成d，所以读音中听见是很正常的。

（water可以读成“wader”，matter可以读成“madder”）ru n^ou t^of fi t^ i t^ i n in-side out cal l^ i t ^a ^day:到此为止M: Are you ready to go jogging?W: Almost. I have to warm up first.Q: What does the woman mean?Ⅱ：元音＋元音前一个单词音以[i]或者[i:]结尾+后一个单词以元音开头，也要连读，在两个元音之间多加一个流音：/ j /，/ w /前一个单词以[i] [i:]结尾，后面加元音的话，加流音/ j /，因为当我们发/ j / （ye）时，它的前一个步骤是发[i]的音的，就可以顺利成章的连读了。

/ i / +/ j / + 元音I am / aijæm /前一个单词以[u] [u:]结尾，后面加元音的话，加流音/w /，因为当我们发/w /时，它的前一个步骤是发[u]的音的，就可以顺利成章的连读了。

/ u / + / w / + 元音you are / juwar /四组固定变音：前一个结尾d+j前一个结尾→d3 （zhi）woul d^ y ou，coul d ^y ou前一个结尾t+j前一个结尾→ch（chi）abou t^ y ou; last^ y ear前一个结尾s+j前一个结尾→sh（shi，xi）mis s^ y ou: thi s ^y ear前一个结尾z+j前一个结尾→3（ri）does your前三个一定要记住，最后一个不常见。

《新托福》课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：硕士英语 ( 新托福听说读写)课程英文名称： Insights to IBT TOEFL课程学分： 3 分课内学时： 48 学时课程类别：必修课程性质：学位课授课方式：讲授考核方式：口试、笔试、闭卷一、课程的性质、任务与基本要求(一)性质与任务《新托福》课程是研究生第一学期的一门必修课程。

此课程涵盖托福听力、托福口语、托福阅读和托福写作，对考试内容、提问方式、解题方法和考试技巧进行逐一的讲解和全面的介绍，并且提供模拟试题，以帮助学习对托福考试的形式、要求、难度等有一个全面的了解，提高使用英语的能力。

(二)基本要求本课程终结时，学生应达到如下要求：1、托福听力：托福听力考试的材料类型和题目形式，听具体信息活细节，听总体内容或大意，听暗示内容，听作者观点或态度，听总体结构和其标志词的技巧；2、托福口语：托福口语考试的题目形式，口语流利技巧，产生参与和扩大谈话的愿望，阐述个人感受，如何简答，话题深入讨论；3、托福阅读：托福阅读的材料内省和题目形式，快读 /浏览获取具体信息，识别论点与论证，整体阅读段落大意，中心思想，意义重述，区分观点与事实的技巧；4、托福写作：托福学术写作的题目形式，审题、收集素材、构思、提出观点、让步、评价和反驳、定义与解释、主题句与论证、前后一致、难句写作等。

二、主要教学内容及教学要求THE LISTENING MODULEUnit 1 Introduction主要教学内容1、 General information2、 Listening Test Format3、 Questions Type教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，熟悉托福听力的基本构成与题目类型。

Unit 2 Listening Strategies and Skills主要教学内容1、Listening for specific information2、 Identifying detail3、 Identifying main ideas4、 Seeing beyond the surface meaning5、 Following signpost words6、 Being aware of stress, rhythm and intonation教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，能够掌握听力基本技能并提高英语的运用技能。

《新托福》课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：硕士英语( 新托福听说读写)课程英文名称：Insights to IBT TOEFL课程学分：3分课内学时：48学时课程类别：必修课程性质：学位课授课方式：讲授考核方式：口试、笔试、闭卷一、课程的性质、任务与基本要求（一）性质与任务《新托福》课程是研究生第一学期的一门必修课程。

此课程涵盖托福听力、托福口语、托福阅读和托福写作，对考试内容、提问方式、解题方法和考试技巧进行逐一的讲解和全面的介绍，并且提供模拟试题，以帮助学习对托福考试的形式、要求、难度等有一个全面的了解，提高使用英语的能力。

（二）基本要求本课程终结时，学生应达到如下要求：1、托福听力：托福听力考试的材料类型和题目形式，听具体信息活细节，听总体内容或大意，听暗示内容，听作者观点或态度，听总体结构和其标志词的技巧；2、托福口语：托福口语考试的题目形式，口语流利技巧，产生参与和扩大谈话的愿望，阐述个人感受，如何简答，话题深入讨论；3、托福阅读：托福阅读的材料内省和题目形式，快读/浏览获取具体信息，识别论点与论证，整体阅读段落大意，中心思想，意义重述，区分观点与事实的技巧；4、托福写作：托福学术写作的题目形式，审题、收集素材、构思、提出观点、让步、评价和反驳、定义与解释、主题句与论证、前后一致、难句写作等。

二、主要教学内容及教学要求THE LISTENING MODULEUnit 1 Introduction主要教学内容1、General information2、Listening Test Format3、Questions Type教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，熟悉托福听力的基本构成与题目类型。

Unit 2 Listening Strategies and Skills主要教学内容1、Listening for specific information2、Identifying detail3、Identifying main ideas4、Seeing beyond the surface meaning5、Following signpost words6、Being aware of stress, rhythm and intonation教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，能够掌握听力基本技能并提高英语的运用技能。

1. 句子简化题The Great Red SpotOne distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot.1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth.B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the Earth.C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter.D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size.答案：C2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the Great Red Spot.B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on Earth.C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six Earth days.D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves how big it is.答案：DPassage One (Question 1-2)CamouflageCamouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attack in the treeless Arctic. However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective coloring scheme would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. Thus, many of the inhabitants of the Arctic tundra change their camouflage twice a year. The arctic fox is a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it sports a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-gray coat blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white coat naturally blends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra.1. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlightedIncorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Opposite conditions in summer and in winter necessitate different protective coloration forArctic animals.B.The coloration of the summer and winter landscapes in the Arctic fails to protect the Arctictundra.C.In a single season, protective coloring scheme are ineffective in the treeless Arctic.D.For many animals, a single protective coloring scheme effectively protects them duringsummer and winter months.答案：A2. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The arctic fox is unusual in that he color of its coat changes for no reason.B.The arctic fox lives in an environment that is brownish gray in the summer and white in thewinter.C.It is a phenomenon that the coat of the arctic fox turns white I the springtime and gray inthe fall.D.The arctic fox demonstrates that protective coloration can change during different seasons. 答案：DPassage Two (Question 3-6)Post-it NotesPost-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by accident, Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesives, and one particularly weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres, was developed. Employees at 3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get dirty, could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use as a bookmark that would stay in place in a book. Another use was found when the product was attached to a report that was to be sent to a colleague with a request for comments on the report; the colleague made his comments on the paper attached to the report and returned the report. The idea for Post-it Notes was born.It was decided within the company that there would be a test launch of product in 1977 in four American cities. Sales of this innovative product in test cities were less than stellar, most likely because the product, while innovative, was also quite unfamiliar. A final attempt was then made in the city of Boise to introduce the product. In that attempt, 3M salesmen gave demonstrations of the product in offices throughout Boise and gave away free samples of the produce. When the salesmen returned a week later to the office workers, having noted how useful the simple little product could be, were interested in purchasing it. Over time, 3M came to understand the huge potential of this new product, and over the next few decades more than 400 varieties of Post-it products - in different colors, shapes, and sizes – have been developed.3. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlightedIncorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Of the many adhesives that were being developed at 3M, one was not a particularly strongadhesive.B.Researchers at 3M spent many years trying to develop a really weak adhesive.C.Numerous weak adhesives resulted from a program to develop the strongest adhesive of all.D.Researchers were assigned to develop different types of uses for acrylate copolymermicrospheres.答案：A4. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 1?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The 3M company suggested applying for a patent on the product in a report prepared by acolleague.B.One unexpectedly-discovered use for the adhesive was in sending and receiving notesattached to documents.C. A note was attached to a report asking for suggestion for uses of one of 3M’s products.D. A colleague who developed the new product kept notes with suggestions by other workers.答案：B5. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 2?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The 3M company was unfamiliar with the process of using test cities to introduce innovativeproducts.B.Sales of the product soared even though the product was quite unfamiliar to most customers.C.The new product did not sell well because potential customers did not understand it.D.After selling the product for a while, the company understood that the product was notinnovative enough.答案：C6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 2?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The company immediately understood the potential of the product and began to develop itfurther.B.The company worked overtime to develop its new product, initially creating numerousvarieties to make it successful.C.The company initially introduced 400 varieties of the product and then watched for decades assales improved.D.It took some time for the company to understand how important its new product was and howmany variation were possible.答案：D2. 排除列举题The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water.Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantlyLine modifying the face of the Earth.(5) Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transportedby wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single recepatcle: an ocean. (10) Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize itspotential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the (15) average time for a water molecule to pass throught one of the three reservoirs—atmosphere, continent, and ocean—we see that the times are very different. A watermolecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on acontinent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water(20) transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over thecontinents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes (25) soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of thecontinents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT(A) magnesium(B) iron(C) potassium(D) calcium答案：BThe canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, andporcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not Line as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.(5) Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulentenvironment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area perunit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly.Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions mayfluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.(10) Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy forinsects, flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are surpassed, in the competition forfood, by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs.The weight of a gibbon (a small ape) hanging below a branch arches the terminalleaves down so that fruit-bearing foliage drops toward the gibbon's face. Walking or(15) Leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping offand retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail andplucking food with their hands.Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than forlarge climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that(20) typify the high canopy. A macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: itcan achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard,even bouncing on a limb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the relatively large surfacearea of its body. Finally, for the many small mammals that supplement their insect(25) diet with fruits or seeds, an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may beproblematic, since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.2. Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?(A) Monkeys(B) Cats(C) Porcupines(D) Mice答案：DDuring the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about thecontributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newlyformed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power,Line women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some (5) significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the bestcontemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned importantletters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions.During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.(10) Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the effortsof female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their malecounterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, andthey were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of(15) history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National,regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personalcorrespondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources form the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States; one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the (20) Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuablematerials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during thenineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women"theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great (25) men." To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to Americanlife, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies. or else importantwomen produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in publiclife as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were notrepresentative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people(30) continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians答案：DPotash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the otherbeing soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making ofglass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being theLine product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and(5) vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America needhardly be stressed.Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass-or soap-making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certainMediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was(10) more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent.The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of theeconomy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It wasrequired for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced insufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of(15) Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among itspassengers experts in potash making.The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned inthe open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in thebottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was(20) boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass intowhat was called potash.In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing ofland for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing landcould be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New (25) Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic,consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance.1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How it was made(B) Its value as a product for export(C) How it differs from other alkalis(D) Its importance in colonial North America答案：C2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:(A) They are alkalis.(B) They are made from sea plants.(C) They are used in making soap.(D) They are used in making glass.答案：B7. According to paragraph 4, all of following were needed for making potash EXCEPT(A) wood(B) fire(C) sand(D) water答案：CPennsylvania's colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had bothindustrial and political implications. The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of theLine colonies' rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the(5) colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 toprohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making hadbecome the backbone of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the (10) time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, wasmanufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other "iron plantations," continued toform the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century. The rurallandscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke,(15) charcola-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal so crucial to the nation'sgrowth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods duringwar and peace—ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-ironstoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of (20) iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwoodforests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows thatpumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves,for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its(25) transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts madeby Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they ware assembled intostoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the "Hopewell stove". By the time thelast fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some80,000 cast-iron stoves.5. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasons EXCEPT(A) Many workers were available in the area(B) The center of operations of the army was nearby(C) The metal ore was easy to acquire(D) There was an abundance of wood答案：BUnder the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there aredeposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds;or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also revealLine clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible.(5) What is clay made of? The Earth's surface is basically rock, and it is this rock thatgradually decomposes into clay. Rain, streams, alternating freezing and thawing, roots of trees and plants forcing their way into cracks, earthquakes, volcanic action, and glaciers—all of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller andsmaller pieces that eventually become clay.(10) Rocks are composed of elements and compounds of elements. Feldspar, which is themost abundant mineral on the Earth's surface, is basically made up of the oxidessilica and alumina combined with alkalis like potassium and some so-called impuritiessuch as iron. Feldspar is an essential component of granite rocks, and as such it is thebasis of clay. When it is wet, clay can be easily shaped to make a variety of useful(15) objects, which can then be fired to varying degrees of hardness and covered withimpermeable decorative coatings of glasslike material called glaze. Just as volcanicaction, with its intense heat, fuses the elements in certain rocks into a glasslike rockcalled obsidian, so can we apply heat to earthen materials and change them into a hard,dense material. Different clays need different heat levels to fuse, and some, the low-fire (20) clays, never become nonporous and watertight like highly fired stoneware. Each clay canstand only a certain amount of heat without losing its shape through sagging or melting.V ariations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account forthe differences in texture and appearance between a china teacup and an earthenwareflowerpot.2. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas?(A) in desert sand dunes(B) in forests(C) on hillsides(D) near rivers答案：AIn July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiouslywatched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere ofJupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9Line after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out (5) along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been firstglimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quicklyscientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giantplanet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming firethat quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed (10) at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy wastransformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through thetunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues form these explo-sions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out tofrom dark ribbons.(15) Although this impact event was of considerable scientific importance, it especially piquedpublic curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening televisionnewscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientificendeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the (20) fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catstrophe by randomassaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should nothave been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary explo-ration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system.3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT(A) a dismembered body(B) a train(C) a pearl necklace(D) a giant planet答案：DBy far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth andnineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax orwool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and Line weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during (5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. Americanproducers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cottongin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separatingthe fiber—or lint—from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton wasrelatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were(10) concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, availableonly along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shortergrowing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that aworker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from (15) seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The laterdevelopment of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivityfurther.The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread ofthe cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American(20) export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total Americanexports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of Americanexports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The(25) growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to anunprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of theUnited States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT(A) cotton's softness(B) cotton's ease of processing(C) a shortage of flax and wool(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.答案：CFlatfishMembers of the flatfish family, sand dabs and flounders, have an evolutionary advantage over many colorfully decorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their body coloration to different environments. These aquatic chameleons have flattened bodies that are。

新东方在线网络课程教材TOEFL-iBT口语主讲：翟少成blog：新老托福总体对比介绍新托福题型介绍：S p eak i n g T a s k T y p e sTa s k Ty p e Ta s k D e s c r i p t i o n T i m i n g I n d e p e n d e n t T a s k s1. Pe rs o n a l Pr e f e r e n c e i m p o r t a n t p e o p l e o r p l a c e s, o rev e n t s o r a cti vi ti e s ；favorite movies ,food, book, etc Pr e p a r a t i o n ti m e: 15s e c o n d sR e s p o ns e ti m e: 45 s e c o n d s2. Ch o i c e p e rs o n a l c h o i c e b e t w ee n t wo c o n t r a s t in gb e h a v i o rs o rc o urs e s of a cti o n. (watchmovies at home; watch movies in theatres)Pr e p a r a t i o n ti m e: 15s e c o n d sR e s p o ns e ti m e: 45 s e c o n d sInt e grated T a sk s Rea d/L i s te n/S p eak3. Ca m p us S i tu a t i o n T o p i c: Fi t a n dE x p l a in •A reading pas s age(75–100wo rds)pre s e n ts a campus-rela t e dissue.•A lis t e nin g p a ss a g e(60–80s e c o n d s, 150–180 wo r d s)c o mm e n t s o nt h e issu e in t h e r ea d in g.•T h e q u e s ti o n a s ks t h e t e s t t a k e r t osu mm a ri ze t h e s p ea k e r’s o p ini o nw i t hin t h e c o n t ex t of t h e r ea d in gpas s age.Pr e p a r a t i o n ti m e: 30s e c o n d sRe sponse t ime: 60 se conds4. A c a d e m i c C o urs e T o p i c:Gen e ral/Spec i fi c •A r ea d in g p a ss a g e(75–100 wo r d s)b r o a d ly d e fi ne s a t e r m, p r oc e ss, o r id eaf r o m a n a c a d e m i c su b je c t.•A n ex c e r p t f r o m a l e c t ur e(60–90s e c o n d s; 150–220 wo r d s)pro vi d ese x am p l es an d sp ec i fi c in fo r m a t i o n t oillus t r a te t h e te r m, p r o c e ss, o r i d ea f r o m thereading pas s age.•c o m b in e a n d c o nv ey i m p o r t a n tPr e p a r a t i o n ti m e: 30s e c o n d sR e s p o ns e ti m e: 60 s e c o n d sLi s t e n/S p eak5. Ca m p us S i tu a t i o n T o p i c:Pr o b l e m/S o lu ti o n •T h e lis t e nin g p a ss a g e(60–90s e c o n d s; 180–220 wo r d s)is ac o nv e rs a ti o n a b o u t a s t ude n t-r e l a t e dp r o b l e m a n d t wo p o ssi b l e s o lu ti o ns.•d e m o ns t r a t e un d e rs t a n d in g of t h ep r o b l e m a n d t o ex p r e ss a n o p ini o na b o u t s o lvin g t h e p r o b l e m.Pr e p a r a t i o n ti m e: 20 s e c o n d sRe sponse t ime: 60 se conds6. Ac ade m ic C o urs e T o p i c: Summary •T h e lis t e nin g p a ss a g e is a n ex c e r p tf r o m a l e c t ur e (90–120 s e c o n d s; 230–280wo r d s)t h a t ex p l a ins a t e r m o r c o n c e p ta n d g iv e s c o n c r e t e exa m p l e s t o illus t r a t eit.• su mm a ri ze t h e l e c t ur e a n d d e m o ns t r a t ea n un d e rs t a n d in g of h ow t h e exa m p l e sr e l a t e t o t h e o v e r a ll t o p i c.Pr e p a r a t i o n ti m e: 20 s e c o n d sRe sponse t ime: 60 se condsTOT A L20 m i nu t e s(资料来源：ETS)中国学生在表达上存在的问题：发音，语法及逻辑ØPronunciationØword’s stress and intonationØBad grammar评分标准及分析（满分4分,5个分数档次）The Official Guide to the New Toefl ibt 242—246 (independent tasks & integrated tasks)ØDelivery: How clear your speech is (good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural-sounding intonation patterns.)ØLanguage Use: How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas.ØTopic Development:How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. (easy to follow)Conclusion from the rubrics：•To the point。

托福IBT必备资料（百度文库）本文档属于我的《托福IBT必备资料》文辑，这个文档中我列举了分类精选出的百度文库上下载次数最多的托福IBT学习资料的链接。

整理时间为2010年12月11日。

这样大家可节省出搜索的时间，用于复习。

另有一个文档名为《托福IBT复习方法》，属于我的《托福IBT复习方法》文辑，是分类精选了百度文库上下载次数最多的IBT复习方法。

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生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

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CONTENTS独立写作 (3)1.1家长往往会不赞成孩子的老师的教育方式，这很正常，也许家长不把意见表达出来会比较好（超级小范围）Most of the parents at some times find disapproval of the ways teachers are teaching their children. It's not suggested for the parents to express their disapproval to the teachers. Do you agree?（利弊） (3)1.2应该不应该在工作和学习的地方，规定穿衣服的样式！ (7)1.3 A/D: If people are on vocation (holiday), they should leave their mobile phones athome.（利弊） (10)1.4 A/D: Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 monthsa year studying. （利弊） (12)2.1说小朋友课后作业和活动是否应该规定?还是让小朋友自己选择做什么? (15)2.2 Should school focus more on purchasing new equipment or recruiting goodteachers?(利弊+比较) (18)2.3 During an economic crisis, governments usually reduce spending on certain publicservices. (21)2.4 选大学，是选将来能找到好工作的，还是有好教授的大学（利弊+比较） (23)2.5 Some students prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous smallassignments, whereas others prefer to have their final grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do you prefer and why?（利弊+比较） (27)3.1 People are buying things not because they need them but because other people havethem.（现象） (31)4.1 A/D: The food we eat today is much healthier than in the past. （超级小范围）（现象+比较） (32)4.2 同意不同意：It is easier to be a success in the past than it is today. 过去比现在更容易成功。

目录第一部分阅读2一.真题高频词汇21天速成 (2)二．新托福阅读考试中句际关系解读 (21)三．逻辑 Or 语义——托福阅读句子简化题新攻略 (26)四．托福阅读之插入文本题解题思路剖析 (29)五．阅读真题三篇 (32)六．样题两篇 (50)七．最新考情 (56)第二部分听力 (58)一.新托福听力文章段落和出题点解析 (58)二.新托福听力笔记之图像记忆法 (62)三.托福听力新方法 (66)四.备考概述 (66)五.听力演练 (67)六．听力真题场景词汇 (100)第三部分口语 (170)一．Speaking Tips For TOEFL iBT (170)二．托福口语满分=mission impossible？ (173)三．搞定口语TASKS (175)四．练习 (182)五.补充练习 (202)第四部分写作 (204)一.新托福作文特点浅析 (204)二.托福独立写作思路扩展 (207)三．独立写作 (209)四．综合写作 (229)五. 托福写作结构模式 (235)六．“6＋1”托福独立写作心经 (252)附录 (257)附录（一）2012年托福考试独立写作汇总 (257)附录（二）2013年托福考试独立写作汇总 (261)附录（三）2013年NA托福写作真题汇总及解析 (264)第一部分阅读一.真题高频词汇21天速成Day 11. a matter of speculation supposition n.推断2. a solicitation of an invitation of n.恳求3.abandon give up v. 放弃4.abandoned left a.被遗弃的5.aberrant abnormal a.脱离常轨的6.abolish end v. 终止；取消7.abort quit v.夭折;中止8.abrupt sudden a 突然的9.abruptly suddenly ad.突然地;意外地10.absorb appeal/learn/take in v.吸收11.abstract not concrete a.抽象的;非实际的12.absurd ridiculous a.荒谬的;可笑的13.abundance laager amount/great number/14.plenty n.大量15.abundantaffluent/ample/numerous/plentiful/16.substantial a.丰富的17.abundantly plentifully ad.丰富地;大量地18.accelerate speed up/get faster v. 加速，提前19.access reach v. 接近20.accessible reachable/easy to reach a.可接近的21.accidental unexpected/unintentionala.意外的;偶然的22.accommodate provide for v. 提供23.accomplished achieved/ skilled a.实现完成的24.account description n. 说明25.account for explain v. 说明26.accrete come together v. 合成27.accumulate collect/pile up/build up v.积累;聚集29. accumulate increase v. 积累28.accumulation deposit n. 沉淀物29.accurate correct a. 正确的30.accurately correctly ad. 正确地31.acknowledge recognize v. 承认32.acquire obtain v. 获得33.actually in fact ad. 事实上34.added extra a.附加的;额外的35.adept skilled a.熟练的36.adequately sufficiently adv. 足够地37.adherent supporter/advocate n.拥护者38.adjacency nearing n.临近39.adjacent nearby a. 毗连的40.adjacent neighboring a.毗连的41.adjust modify v.调整42.administer manage v. 管理43.admit let in v. 准许进入44.adopt enact v. 采用45.advance improvement n.发展;增长46.advent arrival/beginning n.出现;到来47.affair matter n.事件;事情48.afford provide/offer v.提供;给予49.aggravate increase/annoy v.加重;增剧;使恼火50.aggravate annoy v.使恼火51.aggregate overall/combined a.聚集的aggregation group n. 聚合52.agile astute/clever/quick and active/moveand act quickly a.灵活的;敏捷的53.alarm sound/ warning v.警报54.albeit although/even though conj. 尽管；虽然55.alleged supposed v. 假设，断言56.allow enable v.允许57.allude suggest v.暗示58.allude to refer to v.提到59.allusion reference n. 暗示；提及60.ally with link to v.结盟61.alter change to v.改变62.amazing remarkable/ a.令人惊讶的、非凡的63.ambiguous vague a.不明确的64.ambivalent mixed a.矛盾的65.ample plentiful/ spacious a.充足的66.ancestor forefather/progenitorn. 祖先，前辈67.anchor hold in place v.使固定68.ancient old/antique a.古老的69.annihilate destroy/completely removev.消灭70.annihilated destroy v. 废止71.annually yearly ad.每年72.anomaly irregularity n.异常的人或物73.anonymous nameless/incognito a. 匿名的74.antagonist competitor n. 对手75.anticipate expect v. 预期76.antiseptic clean a.抗菌的77.antithesis opposite n.对立面78.antler horn n. 鹿角79.anxiety worry n. 忧虑;担心80.apart from exception/except for phr.除了…之外81.apparatus equipment n. 仪器;设备Day 21.apparent o bvious a. 显然的2.apparently clearly ad. 显然地3.appeal attraction n. 吸引力4.appealing attractive a.有吸引力的5.appear seem v. 似乎6.appearance rise/arrival/showing up n.出现7.application use n. 应用8.appreciable noticeable a.相当可观的9.approach method n. 方法10.approach move toward v. 接近11.approximately roughly ad. 大约地12.architecture structure n. 构造13.archive record/stock v. 存档14.arduous difficult a. 艰巨的15.arid dry a. 干旱的16.arise emerge/come about v. 出现17.arrangement configuration n. 安排;布置18.array range n. 一系列19.article item/object n. 物品20.artificial not real a. 虚伪的21.as a rule in general phr. 通常22.assert declare v. 断言;宣称23.assertion strong statement n. 断言24.asset advantage n. 资产;有利条件25.assimilate combine v. 同化26.assistance help n. 帮助；协助27.associated connected a. 关联的28.assorted various a. 各式各样的29.assume believe/suppose v. 假定30.assume take on v. 承担31.assumption premise n. 假设32.assure guarantee v. 担保33.astonishing amazing/incredible a.惊人的34.astoundingly incredibly adv. 使人震惊的35.astute clever a. 敏锐的36.at random without a definite patternphr. 随便地; 任意地37.attachment to preference for n. 依恋38.attain achieve v. 达到;获得39.attainment achievement n. 达到;获得40.attendant accompanying a. 伴随的41.attest to confirm v. 证实42.attribute accredit/ ascribe v.把…归于;认为43.attribute characteristic n. 特点44.attribute to credit with v. 归于45.attribution character n. 属性46.augment increase v. 增加;提高47.authenticity genuineness n. 真实48.autonomous independent a. 自主的49.available obtainable a. 可获得的50.avenue method/means n. 途径;手段51.avid enthusiastic a. 热衷的52.back up support n. 支持，援助53.barely just ad. 仅仅54.barge boat n. 驳船55.barrier obstacle/impediment n.障碍56.battle struggle n. 搏斗;奋斗57.be inclined tend v. 倾向58.be accustomed to get used to phr./v.习惯59.be aware of familiar with phr./v.了解60.be beforehand foreordain v. 预先61.be closer resemblance to be more likephr. 非常相似62.be consistent with be compatible with phr.一致的63.be entitled to have the right phr./v.有…权利64.be susceptible to be subject to 受…影响的65.beckon invite v. 招唤66.become extinct die out phr./v. 灭绝67.being creature n. 生命68.beneficial advantageous a. 有益的69.blossom flourish/thrive v. 兴旺70.boast puff/exaggerate v. 吹嘘71.bombard assail/assault/strike v.炮击;轰击72.boom expansion n. 激增73.boon great benefit n. 利益74.boost raise v. 增加75.boundary periphery n. 边界76.branch division n. 分支77.breakthrough revolution n. 突破78.breed reproduce v. 繁殖79.brew develop vt. 开发80.brilliant bright a. 光辉的81.brittle breakable/fragile a.脆弱的82.broad appeal wide popularity a.广泛的吸引力83.broadly generally/extensively ad.大体上84.bulk majority/large part/largeportion/great quantity n. 大部份85.bulk major part n. 主体Day 31.burgeon expand v. 急速成长2.bustling lively/ busy a. 活跃的;忙乱的3.by and large for the most part 总的来说4.camouflage disguise/hide/decorate/blendwith circumstances v. 伪装5.cardinal fundamentala. 基本的6.cargo shipment n. 船货7.catastrophic badly harmful a. 灾难性的8.celebrated famous a. 着名的9.central essential a. 主要的10.certain specified a. 指定的11.champion promote vt.提升，提拔12.championed supported v. 支持13.chancy risky a. 冒险的14.channel provide/direct/guidev. 提供;引导15.chaotic disorganized a. 混乱的16.cherish value v. 珍爱17.chief major a. 主要的18.chisel carve v. 刻;凿19.choose opt v. 选择20.chronic persistent/confirmed/habitual/inveterate a. 长期的;不断的21.chronically constantly ad. 长期地22.circuitous indirect a.迂迴的23.circumstance condition/situationn.环境24.cite quote/refer to v. 引用25.classic typical a. 典型的26.clear visible/apparent a.显然的27.cling to attach to v. 附着28.close careful a.严密的;周密的29.clue hint n. 线索30.clung to hold v. 坚持31.cluster group n. 组，群32.coating cover n. 覆盖层33.coincide with be as the same time as v.同时发生34.coincide with accord with 与…相一致35.coincidence likely events 相同，符合36.collaborate cooperate v. 合作37.collaboration joint effect n.合作成果38.collect gather v. 收集39.collide hit each other v. 碰撞40.collide with run into v. 碰撞41.colossal enormous a. 巨大的memorate celebrate v.庆祝;纪念monly generally/normally adv.通常地pact concise/compresseda.紧密的;简明的parable equivalent a.可比较的parative relative a. 相当的pel push v. 强迫pelling convincing/persuasive/forcing a.令人信服的; 强烈的;引人入胜的pensate reimburse v. 赔偿pensate for balance phr./v. 赔偿plaint protest v. 抗议plement supplement n.补充物plement add to v. 补充pletely totally ad. 完全地plex elaborate a. 复杂的plex system n.复合物;综合体plicated complex/made things moredifficult a.复杂的ponent constituent a.组成的position mixture n.合成物prehensive understandable a.能理解的prehensive complete a.全部的prehensive thorough a.全面的;彻底的prise form/make up v. 组成pulsory required a. 必须的65.consensus agreement n. 一致66.concern interest v.感兴趣67.concept idea n. 观念，概念68.confined simple a.简明的，简要的69.conclusive final/ultimate a.最后的70.concur agree v. 同意71.conducive contributive a.有助于...的72.configuration arrangement/form/shapen. 布局;结构73.confine limit/boundary/restrict v.限制74.confined limited a. 有限的75.confined to limited to v. 仅限于76.confront face v. 面临77.congeal solidify v.使凝结78.congregate gather v.（使）集合79.cope adapt v. 处理80.consecutive successive a.连续的81.consensus agreement n. 一致82.consequence result/importance n.结果83.consequent later/resultant/resultinga. 随后的;作为结果的84.consequential significant a. 重要的Day 41.consequently therefore/thus/as a resultad.因此2.conserve save v. 保存3.consider think as/view as/think aboutv. 考虑;认为4.considerable substantial/significantv. 相当大的5.considerably greatly ad. 相当大地6.consist of compose of v. 由…组成7.consistent regular/uniform a.一致的8.consistently regularly ad. 一致地9.conspicuous notable/noticeable a.明显的10.constant stable a. 固定的11.constantly always ad. 经常12.constellation collection/combination n.一系列;一群13.constitute make up v.组成，构成14.constitution component n. 构造15.constrain restrict v. 限制16.constraint limit/restriction n. 限制17.consume eat up/ use completelyv.消耗;吃;喝吃;喝18.consumed used up v. 消耗19.consumption utilization n. 消耗20.contains includes v. 包含21.contemplate consider v. 沉思22.contemporary modern a. 现代的23.contention debate n. 争辩，辩论24.contentious disputed a. 好争吵的25.context environment n. 环境26.contiguous neighboring a. 邻近的27.continual constant a.不间断的;连续的28.continuous uninterrupted/ongoing a.连续的;持续的29.contour outline vt. 画轮廓30.contrive create/invent v. 发明31.controversy conflict/disagreement n.冲突32.conventional customary/traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的33.converging concentrating a.收缩的34.convert transform v. 使转变35.convert into change to v. 转变成36.convey communicate v. 传达，沟通37.convict condemn/sentence/doom v.宣判38.conviction (strong)belief n.坚定的相信39.convince persuade vt. 劝说，说服40.cope with handle/deal with phr./v.应付;处理41.copious plentiful a.丰富的;大量的42.core center n. 核心;要点43.correlate match v. 相关，关联44.correspondence harmony n. 一致45.correspondingly accordingly ad. 相应地46.corroborate confirm v.证实;确证47.costly expensive a. 贵重的48.counsel advise v. 忠告49.countless innumerable a. 数量多的50.counter oppose/act against v. 反对51.counter of in the opposite of a. 相反的52.counterpart version(版本)/similitude(类似物)/ equivalent(同等物) n. 复本;副本53.countervail compensate/oppose v. 抵销54.couple associate v.与…联系起来55.couple with together with 把..连同在一起56.covered included a.隐蔽的;有盖的57.cramp confine v. 限制58.crawl move v. 爬行59.create invent v. 创作60.creative inventive a. 创造的61.credible believable a. 可信的62.crest peak n. 顶峰63.crisis disturbance n. 危机，混乱64.criteria standard n. 标准65.critical crucial/essential a.关键的66.criticize debate(争论) v. 批评;责备67.crucial important a.重要的68.crucially decisively ad. 关键地69.crushed ground a.碾碎了的70.culminate climax v. 达到顶点71.culminate in peak 达到顶点；以…告终72.culmination high point n. 最高点73.cumbersome awkward/clumsy/unwieldya.笨重的;麻烦的74.curb control v. 控制;遏止75.curing hint/clue n. 暗示76.current present a. 现在的77.cushioned protect v. 保护78.dam block v. 筑坝79.dangle hang v. 悬摆80.daring bold a.大胆的81.debate argue v. 辩论82.deceive mislead v. 欺骗83.decimate destroy v. 大量毁灭84.decimation destruction n. 大量毁灭85.deficient inadequate a. 不足的86.degree extent/measure n. 程度Day 51.deliberation discussion n. 考虑2.delicate dainty/fragile a. 易碎的3.delight please v. 使高兴4.delight pleasure n. 高兴5.deluxe lavish a. 奢华的6.demand need n.需要;需求7.demise extinction n. 死亡8.demography population n.人口统计9.dense crowded/thick a.稠密的;密集的10.designate assign v. 指定11.depend rely on v.依赖;依靠12.dependable reliable a.可信赖的13.depict describe/portray/picture v.描述14.depletion drain n. 消耗15.deplete exhaust vt. 耗尽，用尽16.deposit accumulate/lay down v.沉积;放下;放置17.derive arise v. 源于;导出18.designate dry a. 干的19.design create v. 设计20.designate identify v. 命名;指定21.despite even though prep. 尽管22.despondent unhappy a. 沮丧的23.detected identified vt. 认出;识别24.determine figure out vt. 决定；判决25.detractor critic n.诽谤者26.detrimental harmful a.有害的;不利的27.devastate destroy v. 毁坏;破坏28.deviate digress v. 偏离29.deviation departure n. 背离30.devise create v.设计;发明31.devoid of lack of/without/scant of a. 缺乏的32.devoted dedicated a. 虔诚的;专心的33.devoted to concentrated on a. 虔诚的;专心致志的34.devour eat vt. 吞食35.discernible noticeable a.可感知到36.dictate determine/order v.口授;命令37.differential uneven a 差别的38.diffuse travel//spread(out) v.扩散39.dilemma problem n. 进退两难40.diligent careful a. 勤奋的41.diligently carefully ad.勤奋地42.dilute reduce v. 稀释;使薄弱43.dim decrease v. 变暗淡44.dim weak a. 暗淡的45.dimension aspect/size n. 尺寸；次元46.disassemble break apart/break up v.拆开47.disband dismiss/throw away/throw upv.解散;遣散48.discern identify v. 识别49.discernible noticeable/discriminatinga.可辨别的50.discharge release v. 释放51.discipline punish v. 惩罚52.discrete separate a. 分开的53.disentangle disband v. 解开54.disgust distaste v. 厌恶55.disintegrate break apart/fall apart/tearapart v. 分解;碎裂56.dismantle demolish v.拆开;拆除57.disorder anarchy n. 混乱58.dispensable not necessary a.非必要的59.dispersal distribution n.散布;驱散60.disperse scatter vt. 分散61.dispersal spread n.传播，散布62.displace move out of position v. 迫使(人)离开63.disposition temperament n. 性格;性情64.dispute contention/argument n.争论65.disruption disturbance n. 破坏，干扰66.dissipate disperse v. 驱散67.dissipated dispersed a. 分散的68.dissuade discourage v. 劝阻69.distant far a. 遥远的70.distinct clear and recognizable a.清楚的;明确的71.distinction difference n. 差别72.distinction honor/excellence n. 荣誉73.distinctive characteristic a.有特色的74.distinguish notice from the difference v.区别;识别75.distribute spread v. 分配;散布76.distribution dispersion/ geographic rangen. 散布;分布区域77.disturb upset v.打乱；扰乱78.diverse distinct/various a.不同的79.diversification emergence of many varietiesn. 多样化80.divert deflect/shift v. 转向，转移81.diversity variety n.多样性82.diversify vary vt. 使多样化83.divest deprive/get rid of v. 剥夺84.doctrine principle n. 原则85.domestic home a. 家庭的;国内的Day 61.dormant hibernated/inactive a.休眠的2.dramatic striking a.引人注目的3.dramatically greatly/noticeably ad.戏剧性地;引人注目地4.drastic extreme a.激烈的5.Drastically obviously/severely ad.大大地6.dual double a.双的;双重的7.duplicate copy v.复制8.duplicate repeat n.复本9.durable lasting a.经久的;持久的10.duration length n. 持续11.dwellers inhabitant n. 居民12.earn acquire v. 赚得;赢得13.ease facilitate(使容易) v. 使减轻14.eccentric erratic a. 古怪的;反常的15.eccentric strange a. 古怪的;反常的16.edible eatable a. 可食用的17.efface eliminate v. 消去18.effort attempt n. 努力；试图19.elaborate detailed/dainty a.精巧的;详尽的20.elaboration use n.经营，使用21.elapsed passed a.过去的;经过的22.element weather condition n. 恶劣的天气23.elevate raise vt. 举起，提升24.eliminate removev. 排除;消除25.elite excellent person n. 精英26.elusive difficult to catch a.难懂的27.emanate emerge v. 散发;产生28.embark on start v. 从事(着手)29.embed insert/implant/enclose v.插入;植入30.emergence appearance n. 出现31.emergency crisis n. 紧急情况32.emergent developing a. 新兴的33.empirical based on observation 经验主义的34.employ use v. 利用35.enable allow v. 使能够36.enactment establishment n. 制定37.encapsulate state briefly v. 概述38.encounter meet vt. 遭遇，邂逅39.encourage stimulate v. 激励；刺激40.end purpose n. 目的41.endangered not abundant a.濒临绝种的42.endeavor enterprise n. 努力43.endorse support n. 认可，支持44.endow provide/ bestow v. 捐赠，提供45.enduring withstanding a. 耐心的46.enigmatic mysterious a. 神秘的47.engrave carve v. 雕刻48.engulf swallow v. 吞没49.enhance increase /improve /intensifyv. 提高;增强50.enjoy experience v. 经历51.enlist obtain v. 谋取52.enormous great a. 巨大的53.enormous very large/huge a. 庞大的54.enrich enhance v. 使富足55.ensue result v. 因…产生56.ensuing subsequent a.接着发生的57.ensure guarantee v. 保证;担保58.entail involve v. 牵涉59.enthusiastic eager a. 热情的60.entirely wholly ad. 完全地，彻底地61.environment setting n. 环境62.envision imagine vt. 想象63.ephemeral short-lived/ transient a.短暂的64.episode event n. 事件65.epitomize exemplify v. 摘要，概括66.equilibrium balance n. 平衡67.era period n. 时代;年代68.eradicate remove completely v. 根除69.erect build v. 建立70.erratic unpredictable a.不稳定的71.erratic irregular a. 不稳定的72.erroneous wrong a. 错误的73.escalate extend v. 逐步扩大74.essential crucial/required a.极重要的;必须的Day 71.essentially fundamentally ad. 本质上2.established qualified a. 已制定的3.establishment formation(构成) n. 建立4.estimate projection n. 估计5.estimation evaluation n. 估计6.euphoric extremely happy a.心情愉快的7.evaluate judge v. 评价8.eventual later/ final a. 最后的9.eventually finally/later/ultimately/in theend/over time ad. 最后，终于10.evidence proof n. 证据11.evident apparent/ obvious a. 明显的12.evokearouse/draw/produce/promote/stimulate/create in mind v. 唤起;引起13.evolve develop vt. 发展，进化14.exaggerate overstate v. 夸张;夸大15.excavate dig out v. 挖掘16.excavation dug-out n. 挖掘17.exceed surpass v. 超越;胜过18.extol praise v. 赞美19.extraneous rom outside/inessential a.无关的20.extraordinary exceptional a. 异常的21.exude release/give off v. 渗出;发散22.fabricate produce v. 制造23.facet aspect n. 方面24.facilitate make easier 使容易25.faithful loyal a. 忠诚的26.far-reaching extensive a. 深远的;广泛的27.far-reaching broad a. 深远的;广泛的28.fascinating extremely attractive a.迷人的29.fashion make v. 形成;造30.fashion way n. 样子;方式31.fashionable popular a. 流行的;时尚的32.fastidious demanding a. 苛求的Day 81.feasible achievable a. 可实行的2.feasible practical a. 可实行的3.feasible probable a. 可能的4.feast eating n. 盛宴5.ferry transport n. 渡轮6.fertile reproductive a.肥沃的;多产的7.figure out map(详细规划) phr.计算出;解决8.figuring out mapping v. 计划9.finding discovery n. 发现10.first and foremost above all phr.首先; 首要地11.flake fragment n. 小薄片12.flattery praise n. 恭维13.flaw fault n. 缺点14.flee run away from v. 逃走15.flexible adaptable a. 易适应的16.float stay on the top v. 漂浮17.float upward rise phr./v. 浮起18.flourish prosper/ thrive v.繁荣;兴旺19.flourish succeed v. 繁荣；兴旺20.flourishing prosperous a. 繁荣的21.flow movement n. 流动22.fluctuate change v. 变动23.fluctuation variation n. 变动;起伏24.focal point center area n. 焦点25.focus concentrate vt. 使集中26.follow trackv. 跟随27.for instance for example phr. 例如28.forage feed n. 饲料29.forage search for food v.觅食30.foremost important a. 重要的31.formidable excessive a. 巨大的32.foster promote the development of/urge/ encourage v.培养;促进;鼓励33.foul pollute v. 污染34.fracture crack v. 破裂，断裂35.fragment break up v. 使成碎片36.fragmentation break n. 破裂37.fragmentize break up v. 使成碎片38.frankly openly ad. 坦白地39.frankly sincerely ad. 真诚地40.friction conflict n. 争执;不合41.fringe border n. 边缘；边境42.frigid cold a. 寒冷的43.function operation/ utility n.效用;作用44.fundamental basic a. 基础的45.funds money n. 资金46.further additional a. 更远的47.furthermore in addition/moreover a d.此外；而且48.gap opening n. 缺口;裂口49.gear adjust v. 使适合50.generate produce v. 产生51.genuine true a. 真实的，真正的52.genuinely actually ad. 真诚地53.gesture movement n. 姿势，动作54.get accustomed to become used toPhr./v. 习惯55.giant huge a. 巨大的56.give rise to produce phr./v. 引起57.given particular a. 规定的ern regulate/ control v. 统治;管理59.grasp understand v. 领会;理解60.groom clean/ make upv. 装扮;使整洁61.groundless unfounded a. 无根据的62.grounds reasons n. 根据;理由63.groundwork base/basis/foundation n.基础64.grudging unenthusiastic a.勉强的65.guarantee ensure v. 保证;担保66.hairline slight a. 细小的，纤细的67.hallmark characteristic n. 戳记68.halt stop v. 停止，终止69.hamper restrict/make difficultyv. 防碍;束缚70.handy convenient a. 便利的71.haphazard random a. 随意的72.harness use/ utilize v. 利用73.harsh drastic a. 严厉的74.hasty hurried a. 匆匆的75.haul pull v. 拉76.have nothing to do with in no relation tophr./v. 不相干Day 91.havoc destruction n. 浩劫2.hazard danger n. 危险3.heed notice v. 留心;注意4.heighten increase v. 增加;提高5.heir inheritor n. 继承人;后继者6.hence therefore ad. 因此7.heritage legacy/ tradition n. 遗产;传统8.heterogeneous varied a.由不同类组成的9.hide conceal v. 隐藏10.highlight emphasize v. 强调11.hinder interfere with v. 妨碍12.hint clue/implication/ indication/ leadn. 暗示;迹象13.hire employ v. 雇用14.hitherto previously ad. 先前的15.hobby pastime n. 嗜好16.hold support/ keep up v. 支撑;保持17.hollow an empty space n. 中空18.homogeneous uniform a. 同种的19.host of great number n. 大量20.however yet conj. 然而21.hub center n. 中心22.huge large a. 巨大的23.hurdle fence v. 用篱笆围24.hypothetical supposed a. 假设的;假定的25.ice sheet glacier(冰河) n. 冰原26.identical the same a. 同样的27.idiosyncrasies peculiarity n. 特性28.ignite set on firev. 点燃29.illuminate bright/light a. 明亮的30.illusion impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像31.illusory misleading a. 错觉的32.imaginative creative a. 有创造力的33.immeasurably greatly ad. 无限地34.immediately closest ad. 接近;紧接着35.immense great/ huge/ vast/enormousa.巨大的36.immensely extremely a d. 非常37.immigration movement n. 移居38.immobile fixed a. 固定的;静止的39.immobile motionless a. 静止的40.immobility absence of motion n. 固定;静止41.immoral improper/indecent a. 不道德的42.impediment obstruction n. 妨碍43.impermeable impenetrable/impervious a.不能渗透的44.impetus stimulus v. 刺激;促进45.impetus incentive n. 刺激;促进46.implausible unbelievable a.难以置信的47.implement tool n. 工具48.implement carry out vt. 实施49.imply indicate v. 意味50.imposing impressive a.给人深刻印象的51.imprecise inexact a.不精确的52.Improbable unlikely a.不像会发生的53.in fact actually phr. 事实上54.in great demand in popularity phr. 普遍55.in respect to in term of phr. 就…而言56.inaccessible unreachable a. 难接近的57.inadvertently unintentionally ad. 非故意地58.inaugurate introduce vt. 开创59.inauspicious unfavorable a.不吉利的60.incentive motive n. 动机；刺激61.inception beginning n. 起初62.incidentally by the way ad. 顺便一提63.inclement unfavorable a.(气候)严酷的64.inclination tendency n. 倾向65.inconceivable unimaginable a. 难以置信的66.inconclusive without result(毫无结果)a.不确定的67.incorporate merge/include v. 吸收;并入;包含68.incredible unbelievable a. 难以置信的69.incursion invasion n. 入侵70.indicate demonstrate v. 指示71.indigenous native a.本土的;土生土长的72.indiscriminately at random ad. 无差别地73.indispensable essential/ necessarya.不可缺少的Day 101.Indispensable needed/required/vital/significant a.不可缺少的2.indistinct not clear a. 模糊的，不清楚的3.induce bring/ cause v. 引起4.inducement incentive n. 诱因5.ineffectively without any result ad.无效地6.inert motionless/ motiveless a. 迟缓的;惰性的7.inevitable unavoidable a.不可避免的8.inference conclusion n. 推断的结果9.infirm weak a. 不坚定的;衰弱的10.inflate expand v. 膨胀;扩大11.inflating enlarging n. 充气，扩大12.inflicting bring out/impose v. 使承受13.infrastructure foundation n. 基础建设14.infrequent uncommon a. 罕见的15.ingenious very clever a.心灵手巧的16.ingenuity cleverness/creativeness/inventiveness/resourcefulness n.心灵手巧;独创性17.inherent essential/internal/instinctive a.内在的;固有的; 与生俱来的18.inherent in characteristic of a.与生俱来的19.inherently essentially ad. 固有地20.inhibit hinder/ restrict v. 约束;抑制21.inhospitable unfavorable/ adverse a.冷淡的;不适宜的22.initial first a. 最初的23.initialing beginning v. 开始；创建24.initially originally ad. 最初;开头25.initiate begin v. 开始;创始26.initiate start v. 开始;创始27.innovation new n. 革新;创新28.innovative new a. 创新的29.inordinate excessive a. 过度的30.insight into perceive 洞察31.install put in place v. 放置，安置32.Instant moment n. 片刻;瞬间33.instantaneous immediate a. 即刻的34.instigate incite/caused v. 唆使;煽动35.instructive informative v. 富有教育意义的36.insufficient inadequate a. 不足的37.intact untouched/ complete a.完好的38.in tandem together ad. 共同，一起39.intangible immaterial/immaterial a.无形的40.integral essential a. 不可或缺的41.intense strong/extremea. 强烈的42.intentionally deliberately ad. 有意地43.intercourse exchange n. 交流44.interlock link v. 互锁，连接45.intermediate in-between a./n. 中间的46.intermingle interact vt. 使混合47.interplay interaction n. 相互作用48.intimate close a. 亲密的49.intricate complex/carefully shaped a.复杂的50.intrigue interest v. 引发…兴趣51.intriguing fascinating a. 迷人的52.intrinsic essential/ inherent a. 本质的;内在的53.intrinsically fundamentally ad. 本质地，固有地54.intrusive invasive a. 侵入的55.invade move into v. 入侵;侵犯56.invaluable highly useful a. 极宝贵的57.invariably always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地58.invent devise v. 发明59.Inviolable without exception/allowing noattack a.不可违背的60.invoke appeal/ call upon v. 垦求,祈求61.irrecoverable permanent a.不能挽回的62.irreparable permanent a.不能挽回的63.isolated separated a. 孤立的;分离的64.jettison abondan/grop/reject/get rid ofv. 抛弃65.jolt shock v. 震动;震惊Day 111.judge estimate v. 评判2.junction connection n. 连接;接合3.juncture connection n. 连接;接合4.justified right/supposed a.正当的，假定的5.justify prove v. 证明...是正当的6.key significant/ important a. 重要的;关键的7.justly rightly ad. 正当地，公正地8.keep turn to maintain 保持9.key critical a. 关键的ding cargo/ shipment n. 货物ndscape scenery n. 风景;景色g delay n. 落后rge extensive a.大的;大量的rgely mostly ad. 大部分;主要地unch initiate/ start v. 发起;发动x careless a. 马马虎虎的；不严谨的17.legendary famous a. 传奇的，著名的18.legitimacy authority n. 合法性19.legitimately properly ad. 正当地;合法地20.leisure free time n. 闲暇21.leisurely slowly a.悠闲的;从容不迫地22.lethal fateful/ deadly a. 致命的23.liberal extensive a. 宽大的24.liken to compare v. 比较25.likewise similarly ad. 同样地26.linger wander/ stroll v. 徘徊;漫步27.link put together/connect/consistof v. 连接; 结合28.listening advertent a. 留神听的29.livelihood means of support n.生活;生计30.locale place n. 现场;场所31.locate find v. 找出32.location place n. 位置，地点33.lucrative profitable a. 有利益的34.luxuriant thriving a. 茂盛的35.magnify enlarge/ increase v. 放大;加大36.magnitude amount/ extent n. 量；大小;巨大;广大37.maintain continue v. 维持;使继续38.majestic magnificent a. 壮观的39.make their way travel phr./v. 前进40.malleable pliable a. 有延展性的41.mandatory required/ obligatory a. 强制的;义务的42.manifest reveal v. 表明;显现43.manipulate control v. 操纵44.marked considerable/ significant a. 显着的45.markedly distinctly/noticeably ad. 显着地46.marvelously remarkably ad. 引人注目地47.mask cover/disguise v. 遮避;掩护;伪装48.massive enormous/ huge a. 巨大的49.mastery control n. 控制50.match equal v. 相配，等于51.materialize come into being 产生，形成52.matter issue n. 问题;事件53.mature get older a. 成熟的54.maximum greatest size n. 最大量55.meager very low/thin a. 贫乏的；极低的56.mean average n. 平均值57.mechanism means n. 机制，原理58.mere subsistence minimize survival 最低的维持生存59.merely only/simply/no more than ad. 仅仅60.merit worth n. 价值61.merge blend/ combine v.合并;融合62.meticulously carefully ad. 小心地63.microbe germ n. 微生物;细菌estone significant event n. 里程碑;划时代的事件Day 12ky way galaxy n. 银河。

生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。

于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。

生命中，不断地有得到和失落。

于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。

然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？首先介绍我的老师阅读:金鑫听力:马骏口语:周华章作文:李笑来以下我主要按照两部分.为了方便,我只把内容按一二三的列下来,有的可能加一些我自己的想法,第二部分为Tips,是我在老师讲课过程中抓住的一些重要的小提示.有的会有第三部分,就是老师上课讲到的生词.这是他们总结出来一些频率比较高的单词.1th Feb今天是作文,最令我意外的就是作文老师居然是传说中的李笑来.他首先提醒我们,没有经过充分准备的考生千万别进考场,如果参加了考试的,确定自己肯定拿不到自己理想的分数的.请在考试最后记得cancel 掉自己的考试成绩,因为ETS的评分是按照平均水平来的,如果你confirm了你的成绩,在无形中就提高了别人的成绩.一. 1,评分标准要one by one的仔细研读.这个我也觉得很重要,他花了好长时间分析了评分标准,我觉得这个直接影响你的写作思路和方向.大家要抓住评分标准里面的关键词.更重要的是,在评分过程中,是一个找宝的过程,他给我们看了一篇1分—2分的作文.这篇作文貌似组织良好,但是里面隐藏着许多逻辑错误.2,Sample response from ETS and the readers comments.后者更加重要,要抓住comments里关键词3,关于展开论点.OG,P259—260 要很好的展开论点,运用恰当清晰的解释,例证和细节.评分人员会评估考生的作文是否切题,文章中的细节,事例,理由在多大程度上支持论点.不要光为了增加文章字数而死记硬背一些冗长的首,末段.4,TWE185的题目要反复阅读至少7遍.二. 1,在综合写作部分,要快速阅读给出段子的首句,第一段要读前两句,尽量笔记下关键词.2,关注名词概念.主要靠平时积累三.在阅读部分如何作笔记:1,用缩写代替名词概念2,用符号代替逻辑关系四.不要在以下四方面浪费时间:1,不要在意美英之间的差异.2,不要在意口语和书面语之间的差异3,不必在意任何文化差异. ,例如同性恋问题,185中不涉及文化问题.4,不必在意语言是否地道,只写acceptable writing English. 他的意思就是,以我们大家现在的水平是不可能写的出地道的英文,写出能让人接受的正规格式的英文就足够了.五.Step by step1,列大纲,落实具体细节.根据心理学,人类思考并不一定依赖语言,所以列大纲并不一定要用美国人思维方式,记得一定要用中文列大纲.并且大纲内容一定要平实朴素无修饰.(在写作过程中如果遇到不会写的专有名词时,可用拼音代替,在后面用一句话来解释一下即可)2,永不轻言放弃.在遇到不会表达的地方可用同位语解释.3,具体具体再具体.这一点在口语中也有提到.一定要具体到具体的时间地点.可把大纲扩充成分,也可变强调句.老美就爱这个,没办法.所以一定要具体具体再具体.六.排比句的技巧:1,公整对照.2,句法大同,词汇小异3,遵循二分法七.3A1,Start anyway 好的文字是改出来的,而不是倒出来的.所以一定要逼自己动手写下去.2,Continu anyway 直到最后,不管用多长时间一定要坚持写到底.3,Close anyway 给自己一个期限.不能无限制的写下去而又写不完.在思想上给自己一个约束.TIPS:1,IBT的写作是要求说明性,说理性文字,而非散文和诗歌2,特定的文章用特定的阅读方法.3,快速阅读并不是快速移动你的眼睛.4,考前至少背5篇有代表性的范文.5,在平时练习的时候遇到生词一定要记录到自己的笔记本上.定期反复复习6,要具有清楚的,恰当的举例说明能力.平时可以用中文练习.在语言上尽量简洁,朴素,有效.7,第一次练习写作的时候借助一切可以借助的手段,用心写,不必限时.长此以往,写作文的时间会越来越短的.8,关注李笑来的个人网站9,郑渊洁的Blog.Words: 猩红热scarlatina关节炎arthritis肺结核phthisic东北虎Chinese tiger扬子鄂Chinese crocodile丹顶鹤red -crowned crane5th Feb Writing独立测试部分一简单说明文第一部分1段 Background information**Thesis statement第二部分2-3段 Supporting例平均寿命1段上世纪本世纪增长了20岁主题句Among various factors that have made people live long are A,B,C.2 段 A 食物条件改善A is very important factor……(what / why /how)粗粮-细粮肥肉-精肉牛奶Water from river of well…..now from tap water……Mineral water such as soft drink…..利用googleB 医疗技术Equally important is B(形容词提前体现句法的多样性并且equally 是上下文紧密连接)C 社会稳定Match A and B is another essential factor C.**写主题句的建议1 尽量不要使用只抽象名词主题句好结论句没必要写2 尽量暗示文章将来结构3 主题句应该值得解释，值得证明4 使用绝对词应该慎重（经常问Is this always true?）但不是段首句时，可放宽标准二对比对照第一部分1段Background information第二部分2段Compare and contrast第三部分1段Thesis statement (A>B)例P.7 (4) 说服重于表达列出A,B的缺点和优点然后A>B第一部分Some people assert that B is better than A. However, I want to reason that A is in fact better than B.第二部分第一种方法第二种方法A的优点1，2，3，A缺点1 A的优点1，2，3，B优点1B的缺点1，2，3, B优点1 B的缺点1，2，3, A 缺点1第三部分A>B**说服的原则1 不要站在人家对立面上2 不要告诉他结论，你要让他想结论3 不要盲目追求标新立异三立论文第一部分1段Background information第二部分2段-3段Supporting第三部分1段Rebuttal—驳证(可放在任何地方)第四部分1段Thesis statement例保护濒临灭绝动物很多人的立场是反对保护濒临灭绝动物我的立场是反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝的动物。