壅塞流(临界流、阻塞流、窒息流、Choked Flow)简介英文版

水文学原理词汇预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制水文学原理词汇Absolute uncertainty 168－169绝对不确定性Absorption 294 吸收（作用）Acceptance testing 27，30－32接受域检验Acid rain 163 酸雨Actual evapotranspiration 311－322 实际蒸散发Adiabatic cooling/warming 94，绝热冷却、绝热增温Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) 139 高级微波探测器Air-advected energy 275 空气平流输送能量Air-entry tension 230 空气入口张力Analog models 25-26 模拟模型Anticyclones 95反气旋Aquicludes 327 含水土层Aquifer response rate 333 含水层反应速率Aquifer response time 333 含水层反应时间Aquifers 327 含水层，蓄水层confined 327-330 承压含水层unconfined 327，329 无压含水层Areal estimation 118-140 区域估计adjustment of point estimation to157-160 点估计的调整direct weighted averages 119-121 直接加权平均值surface-fitting methods 121-127 曲面拟合方法Areal reduction factor 157 区域简缩因子Atmometers 311 蒸发表，蒸发器Atmosphere conductance 296 空气电导系数Atmospheric resistance 296 大气阻力Atmospheric water balance 320-321 大气水平衡Autocorrelation coefficients 23 自相关系数Available water content 236 有效含水量Average time of occurrence 143 平均发生时间Average transit time 24-25 平均通过时间Backcasts 26后溯估测Baguios 96 碧瑶风（菲律宾的强烈热带气旋）Bank storage 347 河岸调蓄Bare-soil evaporation 291-294 裸土蒸发Base flow 342,394,436 基流Base-flow analysis 373-374 基流分析Base-flow component 344 基流构成Boundary condition 335 边界条件Bowen ratio 274 鲍恩比in estimating evapotranspiraion 321鲍恩比率估计总蒸发in estimating free-water/lake evaporation 275-276鲍恩比率自由水面/湖面蒸发Bypass flow 423 迂回水流Canopy 301 冠，盖，棚幕Canopy conductance 298-299 林冠导率Capillary fringe 239,544 毛管边缘Capillary rise 220,354,376-377 毛管上升高度Catchment, See Watershed 集水区Center of mass 399 质量中心Centroid 399 质心Centroid lag 401,402 质心滞后，输出过程的质心对应的时刻与输入过程的质心对应的时刻之差Centroid lag-to-peak 401,404-405 输出过程的峰值时刻与输入过程的质心对应的时刻之差Channelinterception 407 河道降水，河槽降水Channel precipitation 407河道降水，河槽降水Chemical tracers 369 化学示踪剂Circular statistics 143 圆统计Cloud formation 95 云的形成Cloud seeding 161 云的催化Coastal aquifers, fresh-salt ground-water interface in 353 滨海含水层,咸淡地下水分界线Coefficient of variation 20 变差系数Cold fronts 95 冷锋Completely wetted profiles 266,267Concentration 65 浓缩,聚集time of 401,406 汇流时间,集流时间Confines aquifers 327-330 承压含水层Confining layers 327 不透水层,隔水层Conservation equations 8-10 守恒方程Conservation of mass 8 质量守恒Conservative quantities 7-8Contributing area 392 产流面积Control volume 8 控制流量Convection, uplift due to 98 对流抬升,Conventional hypsometric method 126-127 传统的测高法Convergence 95-98 收敛,辐合cyclonic 95 气旋extra-tropical cyclonic 95-96 热带外气旋frontal 95-96 锋面气旋at the ITCZ 96 热带收缩区nonfrontal 95,96-98 非锋面气旋Cyclogenesis 气旋生成Cyclones气旋Cyclonic convergence 收敛（集中）气旋Dalton’s Law 277,587 道尔顿定律Darcian flow 419-422 达西流Darcy’s Law 227-228,229-230,231,234,365-368,419,546,548 达西定律Deep seepage 377-379 深层渗漏Degree-day factor 210 度－日因子（冰雪融化度量）Depletion function 385 退水方程Depth-duration-frequency (DDF) analysis 151-160 雨深-历时-频率分析Depth of ponding 243,247 蓄水深Design floods 440-441 设计洪水Design storm 26 设计暴雨Detention storage 252 （1）拦洪库容（2）土壤滞留蓄水量Deterministic methods 122 确定性方法Digital elevation models (DEMs) 10-11 数字高程Dimensionless quantities 7 无维量，无因次量Direct flow 342 流向浮标Direct weighted averages 119-120 直接加权平均值arithmetic average 119-121 算术平均值Thiessen polygons 121 泰森多边形two-axis method 121 两轴法Discharge 19 排出，泄放，放水，流量Discharge area 337 过水断面，过水面积Dissolved-solids concentrations 322 溶解质浓度Distribution of pressure and temperature 41-44 压力和温度分布Double-mass curve 117 双累积曲线Double-ring infiltrometer 244 双环渗透针Drainage basin, See Watershed 流域盆地，见分水岭Dupuit Equations 357 杜毕方程Duration curves 20 历时曲线Eddy-correlation approach 280-281,321-322,599-600 涡度相关法Effective water input 396 有效水注入Effluent stream342 地下水补给河Electrical resistance blocks 225 电阻块Eluviation 238 淋溶作用Energy balance (budget) 190-204,274,281-285 能量平衡for evapotranspiring body 274 蒸发体Energy-balance equations 9 能量平衡方程Energy-balance model 能量平衡模型Environmental lapse rate 98 环境温度垂直梯度Ephemeral streams 344 季节性河流Equilibrium potential evapotranspiration 310潜在蒸发平衡Equilibrium runoff 401 径流平衡Equilibrium, time to 401 平衡时间Equipotential lines 335 等位线Evaporation 蒸发作用bare-soil 291-294 裸土defined 273 定义free-water 275-276 自由水，重力水lake 275-276 湖physics of 273-275,587-589 …的性质wetland 275-276 湿地Evaporative fraction 274 蒸发比值，潜热交换率与总的紊动传输热（潜热与显热之和）交换率的比Evapotranspiration 272-324 土壤水分蒸发损失总量,蒸腾actual 311-322 实际的classification processes 275 分类方法classification of types of 276 按所属类型分类potential (PET) 308-311 潜在土壤水分蒸发损失Event flow 342,394,436 事件流from sloping slab 414,417,418 在倾斜混凝土路面spatial variability 396 空间可变性subsurface 412-423 地下的temporal variability 396 暂时变量volume 396 容量Event-response mechanisms 424 事件响应装置Exceedence probability (exceedence frequency) 20-21,151,473,560-561 超量概率（超量频率）Excess rainfall 396 超渗雨Exfiltration 220,291 反渗Extra-tropical cyclones 95-96 温带气旋，热带外气旋“Eyeball”isohyetal method 125 “眼球”等雨量线方法Fick’s First Law of Diffusion 8 菲克扩散第一定律Field capacity 235 田间持水量Flood wave 391 洪水波Flow-duration curves (FDCs) 20,473-476,477-479 流量历时曲线Flow net 335 流网Flow-through lakes 349 接受地下水补给，又同时补给地下水的湖泊Flow-through streams 344接受地下水补给，又同时补给地下水的河流Flowlines 335 流线，流纹Fog drip 113-114 树上雾滴Forecasts 26 预报Formulation 339 用公式描述Fragipan 242 脆磐土Free convection 279 自然对流Free-water evaporation 275-276 自由水蒸发Front 95 锋面Frontal convergence 95-96 收敛锋面Frost 247 霜冻Gage catch 108 截雨（雪）量Gage pressure 327 表记压力Gaining streams 342-344 盈水河，地下水补给河Gamma-ray scanners, and water content measurement 225 伽马射线探测仪，水量度量General circulation 41-42 大气循环Ghyben-herzberg principle 353,386 吉本-赫茨伯格定理Gleying 241-242 潜育作用Global hydrologic cycle 1,3,48-83 全球水循环Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) 139 全球降雨气候学工程Gravitational head 326-327 重力水头Green-and-Ampt Model 251-261 Green-and-Ampt模型explicit forms of 256-258 显式Ground water 325-388 地下水development, impacts on basin hydrology 379-387 地下水开发对基础水文的影响and lakes/wetlands 347-350 地下水和湖泊/湿地and the ocean 350-354 海洋porous media, storage properties of 328-331 多孔介质,储存性质in the regional water balance 354-358 在区域水平衡temperature measurements 371 温度测定Ground-water—surface-water relations 342-354 地表水地下水的关系base flow 342 基流event flow 342 可能流hyporheic flow and bank storage 344-347 河水与河床和河岸水流交换区stream types 342-343 河流类型Ground-water-balance components 地下水平衡构成Darcy’s Law, direct application of 365-368 直接运用达西定理evaluation of 358-379地下水平衡构成的评价ground-water flow equation, inverse application of 368 地下水流体运动方程的反运用impulse-response analysis 368-369 特征曲线分析recharge from surface water 370-371 地表水的补给soil-water-balance method 362 土壤水平衡方法water-quality-based methods 369-370 基于水质方法well hydrograph analysis 362-365 井水位分析Ground-water development 地下水开发extraction, effects of 385-387 提取，影响hydraulics of 379-382 水力学impacts on basin hydrology 379-387 对水文学的影响Ground-water flows 13 地下水径流basic principles of 326-335 基本原则classification of 327-328 分类general equation 333-335 常规方程regional 335-342 区域性的Ground-water residence time 354-356 地下水滞留时间Ground-water zone 239 地下水区域Guard cells 294 保卫细胞Hardpan 242 粘土层Heterogeneous medium 332 异质Hindcasts 26 后报，追算Hinge line 337 枢纽线Homogeneous medium 332 均匀介质Hook gage 288 钩型测针Hortonian overland flow 408-409,410 霍顿坡面漫流Hurricanes 96-98 飓风Hydrat symbol 325 水化标记Hydraulic conductivity 231,247,255 导水性,渗透系数Hydraulic conductivity—water-content relations 231-232Hydraulic diffusivity 234-235 水力扩散率（力）Hydrograph, basic shape of 402 水位曲线（水文过程线）的基本画法Hydrograph recession 362,390 退水过程线Hydrograph rise 390 回水过程线Hydrologic cycle 水文循环ground water in 325-388 地下水水循环Hydrologic horizons 239-241 水文水平线relationship between pedologic horizons and 241-242 土壤地平线与水文水平线的关系Hydrologic modeling 25-34 水文模型analog model 25-26 模拟模型forecasts 26 预测mathematical models 26 数学模型modeling process 27-32 建模过程modeling terms, definitions of 29 模型的定义和条件modelsdefined 25-27 定义parameters 26 参数physical modes 25 物理模式predictions 26 预报simulation models 25 仿真模型Hydrologic systems 7-8 水文系统Hydrology 水文学basic concepts of 7-35 基本概念defined 1 定义development of 2-5 发展physical quantities and laws 7 物理量和定理regional water balance 11-17 区域水平衡residence time 24-25 持续时间scope of 1 范围spatial variability 17-18 空间可变性storage 22-23 储藏量storage effects 23 储能效应temporal variability 18-22 时间可变性watershed 10-11 流域,分水岭Hydrometeors 135-136 水汽凝结体Hydrophilic soils 248 亲水土壤Hydrostatic pressure 静水压力Hyetographs 390,396 雨量过程线,雨量图,雨量计Hygroscopic water 236 吸着水Hyporheic zone 344-347河水与河床水流交换区Hypsometric curve 126 高程面积分布曲线Hypsometric method 126-127 测高法Hysteresis 230 滞后现象Illuviation 238 沉淀作用Infiltration 220 渗透,下渗basic characteristics of process 245-246 渗透过程的基本特性capacity 243 下渗容量,下渗能力measurement 243-245 测渗quantitative modeling of 248-265 下渗数学模型from rain and snow melt 261 降水和融雪的下渗ring infiltrometer 243-245 套环式测渗仪soil-water changes, observation of 245 土壤水转换的观测into soils with depth-varying water content 261 含水量随着土壤径深变化的水下渗spatial and temporal variability of 261-263 空间和时间的变化sprinkler-plot studies 245 人工降雨试验小区的研究water-content profiles 245-246 含水量纵剖面图in watershed models 263-265 流域模型Infiltration rate 243 下渗率change with time during an event 245 在一次事件中下渗率随时间变化factors affecting 246-248 影响因子factors affecting accuracy of measurement 246-248 影响下渗率测量精确度的因子water-input rate/depth of ponding 247 储水注入水深Influent stream 344 入渗河流Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) analysis 151 强度-历时-频率分析Interception 301-308 拦截conceptual models 303-306 概念模型definitions 302 定义modeling 303-306 建模regression analysis 303 衰退分析Interception loss 301 拦截损失hydrologic importance of 306-308拦截损失的水文重要性measurement 302测量Interflow 220,419 壤中流Interim reference precipitation gage (IRPG) 108 中间关联雨量站Intermediate flow systems 338 中间流系统Intermediate zone 239 中间带,过渡带Intermittent streams 344 间歇水流Interpolation methods 121-122 插值法Interquartile range 20 四分位数间距Interval scales 7 区间尺度Intrinsic permeability 331 内渗透性，内渗透率Inverse-distance weighting 115-116 反距离加权Isobars 95 等压线Isotopic composition 322 同位数组成Isotropic medium 332 均匀介质Kriging 125-126 克立格Lag-to-peak 398,404-405 滞后峰值Lakes, evaporation 275-276 湖面蒸发Land-area water balance 318 陆地水平衡LaPlace Equation 334-335 拉普拉斯方程Lapse rate 94 气温直减率Lateral inflows 391 支流Latitudinal energy transfer 39-41 纬度分布能量转移Leaf-area index 298 叶面指数，植被率Leaf conductance 296-298 叶面电导率Leaky aquitards 328 渗透（量、电阻）Linear reservoir 23,429 线性水库Linear watershed model 402-407 线性流域模型Lithology 338-339 岩石学,岩性Local flow systems 338 当地河流系统Long-term average precipitation rates 140 长期平均降雨率Longwave radiation 38 长波辐射estimation of 197,282 估计,评价Losing stream 344 亏水河Macropore flow 423 大孔隙流Macropores 419 大孔隙Mass transfer 277-280,587-589 质量转移Mathematical models 26数学模型Matric potential 228 基质势Matric suction 228 基质吸力Matrix flow 419-422 基质流Measurement error 13-17 测量误差Median 20 中值,中间Melt coefficient 210 融化系数Melt factor 210 融化因子Microwave remote sensing, and water content measurement225-226 微波遥感和含水量的测量Missing data, estimating 115-117 估计缺少的资料Model error 13 模型误差Modelsanalog models 25-26 模拟模型defined 25 定义mathematical models 26 数学模型physical models 25 物理模型simulation models 25 仿真模型Moisture-characteristic curve 230-231 水汽特征曲线NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) 139 地球观测系统National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 131 国家气候资料中心National Weather Service surface-monitoring network 130-131 国家气象观测组织表面污染监测网Net recharge 354 净补给Neutron moisture meters, and water content measurement 225 中子土壤水分探测仪,含水量的测量Newton’s laws of motion 8 牛顿运动定律Nonfrontal convergence 95,96-98 非锋面收敛Normal distribution 15,567-570 正态分布Normal-ratio method 115-116 正常值比率法Nuclear magnetic resonance, and water content measurement 225 核磁共振,含水量的测量Occluded front 95 锢囚锋Occult precipitation 112-114 被遮蔽的降雨Reynolds number 327 雷诺数Optical precipitation gage 107 光学雨量站Organic surface layer 247 有机表面层Orographic effects 99-100 地形影响Orography, uplift due to 98-103 地形学，地形抬升Outflow face 350 出流地形Overland flow 220,248,252,408 地面漫流Overseeding 161 过渡催化Pan coefficient 289 蒸发器折算系数Pan-evaporation approach 288-291 蒸发器蒸发法Parameters 26 参数Partial-area concept 409 部分面积概念Partially wetted profiles 268-269 部分多雨剖面Particle density, soil 222 土壤粒子密度Peak discharge 390,406 洪峰流量Pedologic horizons 238-239 土壤地平线relationship between hydrologic horizons and 241-242 与水文水平线的关系Penman equation 286彭曼方程Penman-Monteith approach 321 彭曼-蒂斯方法Penman-Monteith Equation 299-301 彭曼-蒂斯方程Penman-Monteith model 321 彭曼-蒂斯模型Penman or combination approach 285-288 彭曼联合方法Perched water table 242 上层滞水面Percolation 220 过滤,浸透and water-output production 204-207 出流量的产生Perennial streams 344 常流河Permanent wilting point 236 永久调痿点Permeameters 331 磁导计Persistence 23,576-580 持续Philip Equation 261 菲利普方程least-squares estimates of parameter of 262 最小二乘估计参数Phreatic zone 井区Phreatophytes 354 地下水湿生植物Physical models 25 物理模型Physical quantities and laws 7 物理量和定律Piezometer 327 压力计Point measurements, checking consistency of 117-118 检验点测量法的一致性Pore-disconnectedness index 233 孔隙分离指标Pore-size distribution index 233 孔径分布指标Porosity 207,255,328,330 孔隙度（率）soil 222-224 土壤孔隙度（率）Porous media 多孔介质response characteristics of 332-333 响应特征（曲线）storage properties of 328-331 耐储存性transmission properties of 331-332 传输特性Potential evapotranspiration(PET),311-318 n.可能蒸散发量,蒸散发能力combination methods,311 n.复合方法comparison of estimation methods,311 n.估计方法的比较operational definitions,310-311 n. 业务定义pan-based methods,311 蒸发器测量法radiation-based methods of,310-311 辐射测量法temperature-based methods,310 温度法Potentiometric surface,328 静水压面，测压管液面Precipitation,94-165,168 降水，降水量areal estimation,118-140 面估计depth-duration-frequency(DDF)analysis,151-160 雨深－历时－频率分析extreme rainfall amounts,146-160 极限降雨量long-term average precipitation,140 多年（年）平均降雨量measurement of precipitation 105-108 降水量测量meteorology of precipitation,94-105 降雨气象学moisture sources,104-105 水汽源地、水分来源、湿源probable maximum precipitation,146-148-150 可能最大降水量precipitation quality,162-164 降雨特性radar observation,135-136 雷达观测precipitation and rainfall climatology,140-162 降水、降雨气候学seasonal variability of precipitation,140-145 降水季节变化性storm climatology,145-146 暴雨气候学30-year normal precipitation l,140 30年的多年平均降水量uplift due to convergence,95-98 收缩上升Precipitation Augmentation as a Water-Resource Management Tool,161-162以降水增量作为水资源管理工具Anthropogenic Effects on Precipitation Climatology,160-162人为因素对降雨气候学的影响，Precipitation-gage networks,130-135 降雨观测网Precipitation gages,105-108,169-173 雨量站distance to obstructions,112 到阻碍物的距离errors due to differences in observation time,113 不同观测时间引起的误差errors due to low-intensity precipitation,113-114 低雨强引起的误差errors due to occult precipitation,113 由于降雨被遮蔽引起的误差errors due to evaporation,112-113 蒸散发引起的误差factors affecting measurement accuracy,108 影响测量精度的因素gage catch,108 截雨（雪）量、截获量、承雨（雪）量、（雨量器）instrument errors,113 仪器误差missing data estimation,115-117 缺测资料估计observer errors,113-114 观测误差optical precipitation gage,107 光学量雨器orifice height,109-111 孔口高度orifice orientation,109 孔口宽度orifice size,108-109 孔口尺寸errors due to splashing,112-113 由于溅洒引起的误差storage gages,105 累积雨（雪）量器tipping-bucket gage,105 倾斗式雨量计weighing-recording gage,105 称重式自计雨量器、衡重式自计雨量器wetting losses,112-113 浸润损失Precipitation recycling,104-105 重复利用降水Predictions,26 预报、预言Pressure head,228,327 压力水头、压位差、压力感受器Pressure-water-content relations,230-231 压强－水位－容量关系Primary porosity,328 原生孔隙PRISM Model,127,129-130 棱柱（棱镜）模型Probable maximum flood(PMF),148-150 可能最大洪水Probable maximum precipitation,146,148-150 可能最大降雨Probable maximum storm,149 可能最大暴雨Profile-controlled infiltration,243 控制剖面下渗Psychrometric constant,274 湿度计算常数Quick flow,342,436 快速（地面）径流Radioactive isotopes,369 放射性同位素Rain compaction,247 降雨密度Rain gage,see Precipitation gage雨量器、雨量筒(见Precipitation gage) Rain shadow,99 雨影（区）critical temperature for Rain-snow transition ,103 雨雪转换的临界温度record rainfalls,146-148 记录特大暴雨（量）、历史最大暴雨（量）time distribution of rainfall,160 降雨时间分布Recession/recession analysis,373-374 退水分析Recharge,220,325 补给、补充、回灌Recharge area,337 补给区（地下水）Recycling ratio,104 重复利用率Redistribution,220 再分配、重分配、再分布Reference crop,275 参考农作物Reference curves,265 参考曲线Regional evapotranspiration,13-17 区域土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量Regional flow systems,338 区域水流系统Regional ground-water flows,335-342 区域地下水径流、枯季径流、基流general features,337 一般特征effects of geology,338-342 地质的影响effects of topography,337-338 地形的影响Regional water balance,11-17 区域水量平衡Regression,117 回归、复归Relative uncertainty,15 相对不确定性Relative variability,23 相对可变性Representative elemental volume,227 典型（代表）元素总量Residence time,24-25 滞留时间Response lag,398,403 反应滞后Quantitative description of Response hydrographs,396-407 自计水位记灵敏度定量描述Response time,402 响应时间Return flow,409,464 回归水（流）、回流、逆流Return period,151 重现期Reynolds number,327,546 雷诺数Richards Equation,230,249-251,265 Richards公式Rime,113-114 雾淞、树挂、不透明冰、毛冰Ring infiltrometer,243-245 套环式测渗仪、同心环测渗仪River basin,see Watershed 河流流域（见Watershed）Root zone,239-240 根区Roughness height,273,594 粗糙高度“Safe yield”,387,465-488 安全产水量、保证产水量、可靠产水量、常年产水量（地下水）Saltwater intrusion,386-387 咸水入侵、盐水入侵、海水入侵Satellite observation,136-140 人造卫星观测Satellite observation of precipitation,136-140 人造卫星观测降水Satellite observation of soil moisture,225-226 人造卫星观测土壤湿度Saturated hydraulic conductivity,326 饱和水力传导率Saturation overland flow,408,409-412 饱和坡面漫流Seasonal variability of precipitation,140-145 降水季节变化性Seasonality index,143 季节性指标Secondary porosity,328 次生孔隙率Seepage face,344 渗流面Shelter factor,298 遮蔽因子Shortwave radiation,36,281-282 短波辐射Simulation models,25 模拟模型Sloping slab,414,417,418 坡面Smoothing methods,121-122 滤波法Soil,220-271 土，土壤bulk density,222 （1）容重，单位体重（2）毛体积密度，松密度，堆密度completely wetted profiles,266-267 完全浸润面estimation of effective soil-hydraulic properties,255-256 有效土壤水力特征值的估计material properties of soil,221 土壤的物质特性partially wetted profiles,268-269 部分浸润面particle density,222 粒子密度distribution of pore and particle sizes,221 气孔和粒子大小的分布porosity,222-224 多孔性、有孔性soil profiles,238-242 土壤剖面redistribution,265-269 重分布、再分配、再分布soil-water status,235-242 土壤水状况texture,221 （1）组织，质地（2）构造，结构（3）纹理（4）织物Soil-controlled stage,291 受土壤控制的水位bare-soil evaporation,291 裸露土壤蒸发（作用）Soil-moisture balance,319-320 土壤水量平衡Soil-moisture zone,239-240 土壤水带Soil physics,220 土壤物理学Soil profiles,238-242 土壤剖面computation of typical soil-water profiles240-241 典型土壤水剖面计算hydrologic horizons,239-242 水文学范畴pedologic horizons,238-239 土壤学范畴chemical characteristics of the soil surface,248 土壤表面的化学特性human modification of the soil surface,247 土表的人为改变inwashing of fine sediment,247 冲泻质（泥沙）巨原冲积层water content of surface pores,247 表孔含水量observation of soil-water changes,245 土壤水变化的观测soil-water flow,227-235 壤中流soil-water pressure,228-230 土壤水压力soil-water storage,224-227 土壤蓄水量degree of saturation,226-227 饱和度total soil-water storage,227 土壤蓄水总量volumetric water content,224-226 容积法（体积法）测含水量Solum,239 风化层Sorptivity,235 吸附力，吸着力Spatial correlation,128 空间相关Spatial variability,17-18,396 空间变化Specific discharge,326 比流量，单位（面积）流量，流量模数Specific retention,329,330 比持水量，单位持水量（持水量对含水层总容积之比）Specific storage,328 单位储水量（地下水）Specific yield,329-330 （1）单位产水量，单位出水量，产水率，出水率（＝effective porosity）(2)单产量Sprinkler-plot studies,245 人工降雨试验小区研究Stable isotopes,369 稳定同位素Standard deviation,15,20,557,571,574 标准差、均方差Stationary front,95 静止锋、滞留锋Statistical methods,122 统计法Stilling well,288,618 静水井，消波井，自记水位测井Stochastic methods,122 随机方法Stomata,294 （stoma or stomate的复数形式）气孔Stomatal cavities,294 气孔、气腔Storage,22-23 （1）贮藏，蓄积，存储（2）贮藏库，仓库（3）蓄水，蓄能，蓄电（4）储量，库容，蓄水量Storage coefficient,328 （1）库容系数（2）容水系数，给水度，地下水储量系数（一定厚度含水层的蓄水量＝厚度×单位储量）Storage effects,23 储能效应Storage gages,105 累积雨（雪）量器change in stored energy,282-283 储能变化Storm climatology,145-146 暴雨气候学Storm duration,398 暴雨历时Storm flow,342 暴雨径流，暴雨流量Stratigraphy,339 地层学，地层中的岩石组成Stream depletion,385 河流损耗Stream-gaging station,19流量站，测流站，水文站Stream response,389-457 河流响应Stream types,342-343 河流类型Streamflow hydrography,390 （河川）流量过程线Streamlines,335 （1）流线（2）流线型（的）Streamtube,335 流管，流束Structure,339 （1）结构，构造，组织（2）结构物，建筑物Subsystems,8 （1）子系统，辅助系统，分系统（2）部件Suction,228 （1）吸，吸入，吸取（2）吸力，负压Surface-fitting methods,121-127 曲面拟合法Surface runoff,252 地面径流，地表径流Swelling-drying,247 泡胀－烘干Illustration of system,9 体系图Temporal variability,18-22 时程变化Tensiometers,228 （1）拉力计，张力计（2）应变仪Tension,228 （1）张力，拉力（2）电压（3）拉紧，紧张Tension head,228 （表面）张力水头Tension-saturated zone,239,543-544 饱和张力区Thermal convection,98 热对流Thermocouple psychrometer,228-229 温差电偶、热电偶干湿计laws of thermodynamics,8 热力学规律Thiessen polygons,121 泰森多边形Thornthwaite water-balance model,312,315-316 桑斯威特水平衡模型Throughflow,419 （＝interflow,subsurface flow）（次）表层流，壤中流Thunderstorms,145 雷暴，雷雨Time base,399 (=base time)（1）时基（扫描）（2）时间底长（3）时标，时轴recession,405-406 （1）后退，退却（2）衰退（3）凹处（4）退水，消退（＝depletion）(5)（冰川）退缩，后退（6）海退Time lag,206 时滞，时间滞后Snowmelt,206 （1）融雪（2）融雪水，融水Time of concentration,401,406 （＝concentration time）(1)汇流时间，集流时间（2）集中时间（3）浓缩时间（4）富集时间Time of ponding,253 蓄水时间Time of rise,398,404 （1）起涨时刻，涨洪时刻（2）增长时间，建立时间Time series,18-19 时间系列（序列）Time to equilibrium,401 到达平衡时间Time to peak,398 到峰时间，峰现时间，涨洪时间Tipping-bucketgage,105 倾斗式（雨量计）Topographic index,414 地形指数Total hydraulic head,326 总的（压力）水头Chemical tracers,369 化学指示（剂），化学示踪物Traces,114 （1）痕迹，踪迹（2）痕量（3）轨线，迹线（4）交点，交线（5）描绘（6）跟踪，示踪（7）雨迹，微雨量Translocation,294 （1）转移（作用），位移（2）运输（作用）（3）易位Transmissivity,332 （1）透射率（2）导水率，输水率Transpiration,272,294-301 散发，叶面散发，蒸腾Atmosphere conductance,296 大气传导Canopy conductance,298-299 冠层传导Leaf conductance,296-298 树叶传导Modeling,295-296 建模，造型Penman-Monteith Equation,299-301 彭曼－孟提斯公式Transpiration stream,294 散发流，蒸腾流Tropical cyclones hurricanes,96-98 热带气旋飓风Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM),139-140 热带降雨测量Tropical storms,145-146 热带风暴Turbulent energy exchange,273-275 湍流能量交换Turbulent-transfer/energy-balance methods,321-322,593-600 湍流－输送/能量－平衡法Turn-over time,24 周转时间，翻转时间（湖、海水）Typhoons,96 台风Unconfined aquifers,327,329,356-358,366-367 非承压含水层，自由含水层，无压含水层Obtaining U.S. Geological Survey streamflow data in spreadsheet format,22获得美国地质勘测电子数据表版式的流速及流水量资料Vadose zone,239 （＝aeration zone,zone of aeration,unsaturated zone）渗流层，通气层，包气带，非饱和层Vapor-pressure relations,273-274 蒸汽－压力关系Variable sources-area concept,411-412 变动水源观念，动态流域观念Warm front,95 暖锋Physical and chemical properties of water,248 水的化学物理性质Water-advected energy,275,282 平流水流能Water-balance approach,276,318 水（量）平衡法Water-balance equations,9,12-13 （＝water-budget equation,equation of water balance,equati on ofwater budget）水量平衡方程（式），水分平衡方程，水平衡方程Water-balance relations,354 水量平衡关系Water-content profiles,245-246 （土壤）含水量纵剖面图Water-input rate,243,247,251-255,260-261 输水率Water-quality analysis methods,322 水质分析法water table,228,325 地下水面，地下水位，潜水面，潜水位perched water table,242 栖留地下水面（位），栖留潜水面watershed,10-11,460 （1）分水界，分水线，分水岭（2）流域，集水区delineation,10-11 （1）圈定，划界（2）勾划（3）轮廓，概图definition ,10 （1）定义（2）确定，限定（3）清晰度，分辨率（4）反差（5）圈定，定界evaluation of changes in watershed storage,14 流域储水量变化的评价weather modification,160-162 人工影响天气，天气控制weighing-recording gage,105 称重式自记雨量器，衡重式自记雨量器well hydrograph analysis,362-365 井孔出流量过程线分析area of influence,381 影响区域，势力范围cone of depression,381 （1）沉降锥（2）下降漏斗，浸润漏斗（＝cone of influence,cone of drawdown）contributing areas,382 产流面积，产流区域drawdown,381 （1）降落（水位）（2）人工降低地下水位（3）泄降（水库）（4）地下水位下降（5）抽水降深drawdown curve,381 （1）地下水泄降曲线（2）浸润曲线（3）抽水降深曲线radial flow to a well,379-381 辐向流入井、径向流入井well function,381 井函数wetland evaporation,275-276 湿地蒸发（作用）wetness,226-227 湿润度，湿度wetting-front suction.256 湿润界面吸力，湿锋吸力wind shear,95 风切变wind shield,108,109-111 （1）挡风屏，挡风玻璃（2）防风罩，挡风板（雨量器的）zero-plane displacement,273,594 零平面位移。

室外给水术语给水工程中净水构筑物的术语及其涵义发布人：水世界－中国城镇水网发布时间：2006-10-31１.净水构筑物purifiCaTionsTruCTure以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称。

2.投药CheｍiCaldosinG为进行水处理而向水中投加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程。

3.混合ｍiｘinG使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程。

4.凝聚CoaGulaTion为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性，使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程。

5.絮凝floCCulaTion（1）完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集，以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程。

曾用名反应。

（2）高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程。

6.自然沉淀plainsediｍenTaTion不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。

7.凝聚沉淀CoaGulaTionsediｍenTaTion加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。

8.凝聚剂CoaGulanT在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。

9.助凝剂CoaGulanTaid在水的沉淀、澄清过程中，为改善絮凝效果，另投加的辅助药剂。

10.药剂固定储备量sTandByreserve为考虑非正常原因导致药剂供应中断，而在药剂仓库内设置的在一般情况下不准动用的储备量。

简称固定储备量。

11.药剂周转储备量CurrenTreserve考虑药剂消耗与供应时间之间的差异所需的储备量。

简称周转储备量。

12.沉沙池（沉砂池）desilTinGBasin，GriTChaｍBer去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池。

13.预沉池pre sedimenTaTionTank原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时，在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池。

14.平流沉淀池horizonTalfloWsedimenTaTionTank水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池。

15.异向流斜管（或斜板）沉淀池TuBe（plaTe）seTTler池内设置斜管（或斜板），水自下而上经斜管（或斜板）进行沉淀，沉泥沿斜管（或斜板）向下滑动的沉淀池。

流体力学专业英语词汇表流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line 流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation 偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow 均匀流 uniform flow非均匀流 nonuniform flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynoldsnumber前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex气动中心 aerodynamic center气动力 aerodynamic force气动噪声 aerodynamic noise气动加热 aerodynamic heating离解 dissociation地面效应 ground effect气体动力学 gas dynamics稀疏波 rarefaction wave热状态方程 thermal equation of state喷管 Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流 Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体 compressible fluid绝热流 adiabatic flow非绝热流 diabatic flow未扰动流 undisturbed flow等熵流 isentropic flow匀熵流 homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程 equation of state量热状态方程 caloric equation of state完全气体 perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管 Laval nozzle马赫角 Mach angle马赫锥 Mach cone马赫线 Mach line马赫数 Mach number马赫波 Mach wave当地马赫数 local Mach number冲击波 shock wave激波 shock wave正激波 normal shock wave斜激波 oblique shock wave 头波 bow wave附体激波 attached shock wave激波阵面 shock front激波层 shock layer压缩波 compression wave反射 reflection折射 refraction散射 scattering衍射 diffraction绕射 diffraction出口压力 exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压 back pressure爆炸 explosion爆轰 detonation缓燃 deflagration水动力学 hydrodynamics液体动力学 hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性 Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波 Gerstner wave斯托克斯波 Stokes wave瑞利数 Rayleigh number自由面 free surface波速 wave speed, wave velocity 波高 wave height波列 wave train波群 wave group波能 wave energy表面波 surface wave表面张力波 capillary wave规则波 regular wave不规则波 irregular wave浅水波 shallow water wave深水波 deep water wave重力波 gravity wave椭圆余弦波 cnoidal wave潮波 tidal wave涌波 surge wave破碎波 breaking wave船波 ship wave非线性波 nonlinear wave孤立子 soliton水动[力]噪声 hydrodynamic noise水击 water hammer空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage超空化流 supercavitating flow水翼 hydrofoil水力学 hydraulics洪水波 flood wave涟漪 ripple消能 energy dissipation海洋水动力学 marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式 Chezy formula欧拉数 Euler number弗劳德数 Froude number水力半径 hydraulic radius水力坡度 hvdraulic slope高度水头 elevating head水头损失 head loss水位 water level水跃 hydraulic jump含水层 aquifer排水 drainage排放量 discharge壅水曲线 back water curve压[强水]头 pressure head过水断面 flow cross-section明槽流 open channel flow孔流 orifice flow无压流 free surface flow有压流 pressure flow缓流 subcritical flow急流 supercritical flow渐变流 gradually varied flow急变流 rapidly varied flow临界流 critical flow异重流 density current, gravity flow堰流 weir flow掺气流 aerated flow含沙流 sediment-laden stream降水曲线 dropdown curve沉积物 sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积 sedimentation, deposition沉降速度 settling velocity流动稳定性 flow stability不稳定性 instability奥尔-索末菲方程 Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程 vorticity equation泊肃叶流 Poiseuille flow奥辛流 Oseen flow剪切流 shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流 laminar flow分离流 separated flow二次流 secondary flow近场流 near field flow远场流 far field flow滞止流 stagnation flow尾流 wake [flow]回流 back flow反流 reverse flow射流 jet自由射流 free jet管流 pipe flow, tube flow内流 internal flow拟序结构 coherent structure猝发过程 bursting process表观粘度 apparent viscosity运动粘性 kinematic viscosity动力粘性 dynamic viscosity泊 poise厘泊 centipoise厘沱 centistoke剪切层 shear layer次层 sublayer流动分离 flow separation层流分离 laminar separation湍流分离 turbulent separation分离点 separation point附着点 attachment point再附 reattachment再层流化 relaminarization起动涡 starting vortex驻涡 standing vortex涡旋破碎 vortex breakdown涡旋脱落 vortex shedding压[力]降 pressure drop压差阻力 pressure drag压力能 pressure energy型阻 profile drag滑移速度 slip velocity无滑移条件 non-slip condition壁剪应力 skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度 friction velocity磨擦损失 friction loss磨擦因子 friction factor耗散 dissipation滞后 lag相似性解 similar solution局域相似 local similarity气体润滑 gas lubrication液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication浆体 slurry泰勒数 Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程 Navier-Stokes equation牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid边界层理论 boundary later theory边界层方程 boundary layer equation边界层 boundary layer附面层 boundary layer层流边界层 laminar boundary layer湍流边界层 turbulent boundary layer温度边界层 thermal boundary layer边界层转捩 boundary layer transition边界层分离 boundary layer separation边界层厚度 boundary layer thickness位移厚度 displacement thickness动量厚度 momentum thickness能量厚度 energy thickness焓厚度 enthalpy thickness注入 injection吸出 suction泰勒涡 Taylor vortex速度亏损律 velocity defect law形状因子 shape factor测速法 anemometry粘度测定法 visco[si] metry流动显示 flow visualization油烟显示 oil smoke visualization孔板流量计 orifice meter频率响应 frequency response油膜显示 oil film visualization阴影法 shadow method纹影法 schlieren method烟丝法 smoke wire method丝线法 tuft method氢泡法 nydrogen bubble method相似理论 similarity theory相似律 similarity law部分相似 partial similarity定理 pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准 static calibration动态校准 dynamic calibration风洞 wind tunnel激波管 shock tube激波管风洞 shock tube wind tunnel水洞 water tunnel拖曳水池 towing tank旋臂水池 rotating arm basin扩散段 diffuser测压孔 pressure tap皮托管 pitot tube普雷斯顿管 preston tube斯坦顿管 Stanton tube文丘里管 Venturi tubeU形管 U-tube压强计 manometer微压计 micromanometer多管压强计 multiple manometer静压管 static [pressure]tube流速计 anemometer风速管 Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计 laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter热线流速计 hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计 hot- film anemometer流量计 flow meter粘度计 visco[si] meter涡量计 vorticity meter传感器 transducer, sensor压强传感器 pressure transducer热敏电阻 thermistor示踪物 tracer时间线 time line脉线 streak line尺度效应 scale effect壁效应 wall effect堵塞 blockage堵寒效应 blockage effect动态响应 dynamic response响应频率 response frequency底压 base pressure菲克定律 Fick law巴塞特力 Basset force埃克特数 Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数 Grashof number努塞特数 Nusselt number普朗特数 prandtl number雷诺比拟 Reynolds analogy施密特数 schmidt number斯坦顿数 Stanton number对流 convection自由对流 natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流 forced convection热对流 heat convection质量传递 mass transfer传质系数 mass transfer coefficient热量传递 heat transfer传热系数 heat transfer coefficient对流传热 convective heat transfer辐射传热 radiative heat transfer动量交换 momentum transfer能量传递 energy transfer传导 conduction热传导 conductive heat transfer热交换 heat exchange临界热通量 critical heat flux浓度 concentration扩散 diffusion扩散性 diffusivity扩散率 diffusivity扩散速度 diffusion velocity分子扩散 molecular diffusion沸腾 boiling蒸发 evaporation气化 gasification凝结 condensation成核 nucleation计算流体力学 computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题 multiple scale problem伯格斯方程 Burgers equation对流扩散方程 convection diffusion equationKDU方程 KDV equation修正微分方程 modifieddifferential equation拉克斯等价定理 Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟 numerical simulation大涡模拟 large eddy simulation数值粘性 numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性 nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析 Hirt stability analysis相容条件 consistency conditionCFL条件 Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition狄里克雷边界条件 Dirichlet boundarycondition熵条件 entropy condition远场边界条件 far field boundary condition流入边界条件 inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件 numerical boundary condition流出边界条件 outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件 von Neumann condition近似因子分解法 approximate factorization method人工压缩 artificial compression人工粘性 artificial viscosity边界元法 boundary element method配置方法 collocation method能量法 energy method有限体积法 finite volume method流体网格法 fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法 flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法 flux vector splitting method伽辽金法 Galerkin method积分方法 integral method标记网格法 marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法 method of characteristics直线法 method of lines矩量法 moment method多重网格法 multi- grid method板块法 panel method质点网格法 particle in cell method, PIC method质点法 particle method预估校正法 predictor-corrector method投影法 projection method准谱法 pseudo-spectral method随机选取法 random choice method激波捕捉法 shock-capturing method激波拟合法 shock-fitting method谱方法 spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法 split coefficient matrix method不定常法 time-dependent method时间分步法 time splitting method变分法 variational method涡方法 vortex method隐格式 implicit scheme显格式 explicit scheme交替方向隐格式 alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式 anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式 compact difference scheme守恒差分格式 conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式 exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式 Godunov scheme高分辨率格式 high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式 Lax-Wendroffscheme蛙跳格式 leap-frog scheme单调差分格式 monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式 monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme穆曼-科尔格式 Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式 semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式 skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式 total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式 upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域 computational domain物理区域 physical domain影响域 domain of influence依赖域 domain of dependence区域分解 domain decomposition维数分解 dimensional split物理解 physical solution弱解 weak solution黎曼解算子 Riemann solver守恒型 conservation form弱守恒型 weak conservation form强守恒型 strong conservation form散度型 divergence form贴体曲线坐标 body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格 [self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成 adaptive grid generation自动网格生成 automatic grid generation数值网格生成 numerical grid generation交错网格 staggered mesh网格雷诺数 cell Reynolds number数植扩散 numerical diffusion数值耗散 numerical dissipation数值色散 numerical dispersion数值通量 numerical flux 放大因子 amplification factor 放大矩阵 amplification matrix 阻尼误差 damping error离散涡 discrete vortex熵通量 entropy flux熵函数 entropy function分步法 fractional step method。

水文学原理Principle of hydrologyChapter 1 绪论绪论：introduction大气圈（aerosphere）水圈（hydrosphere）岩石圈（lithosphere）生物圈（biosphere）人类圈（anthroposphere）中国四大水问题（four major water issues in China）水多（more）：洪水（floods）水少（less）：干旱（droughts）水浑（turbid）：水土流失（soil and water losses）水脏（dirty）：水污染（water pollution）水平/垂直结构（horizontal/vertical structure）河流学(potamology/river hydrology) 湖沼学(limnology/lake hydrology) 水库(reservoir)冰川水文学(glacier hydrology) 地下水水文学（groundwater hydrology）水文气象学(hydrometeorology) 积云(cumulus) 河口水文学(estuary hydrology)流域水文学(basin hydrology) 全球水文学(global hydrology)水文学中的环境同位素(environmental isotopes in hydrology)Chapter 2 水文循环水文循环：hydrological cycle海洋蓄水(water storage in oceans) 蒸发（evaporation）凝结（condensation）大气蓄水（water storage in the atmosphere）冰雪蓄水（water storage in ice and snow）降水（precipitation）散发（transpiration）蒸散发（evapotranspiration）升华（sublimation）凝华（desublimation）地表径流（surface/direct runoff）融雪径流（snow melt runoff to streams）河川径流（streamflow）泉水（spring）淡水储存（freshwater storage）下渗（infiltration）地下水出流（groundwater discharge）地下水储存（groundwater storage）大/中/小尺度（macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale）开放/封闭系统（open/closed system）截留（interception）洼地储蓄（depression storage）地下径流（groundflow）壤中流（interflow）总水量（total water）海洋/大陆（oceans/continent）咸水/淡水（saline/fresh water）沼泽（marish）大气水（atmospheric water）生物水（biological water）土壤水（soil water）Chapter 3 流域与水系流域与水系：Watershed & Drainage NetworksPart 1 基本概念分水线(watershed divide) 闭合流域(closed watershed)非闭合流域(unclosed watershed) 水系(Drainage Networks)羽毛状水系(Elongated shape) 平行状水系(fan shape)混合状水系(mixed shape) 坡地(Slope) 倾斜面(inclined plane)收敛曲面(Convergent Camber) 发散曲面(Divergent Camber流域基本单元(Unit)P art 2 水系的地貌特征河源 (headwater) 节点 (node) 出口 (outlet)外链 (External links) 内链 (Internal links) 干流(main river)支流(tributary river) Strahler分级法河流长度(stream length)河数定律(the law of stream numbers) 河长定律(the law of stream lengths)链长度(Link Length) 横断面(Cross section) 纵断面(longitudinal section)大断面(flood cross-section) 弯曲率(Sinuosity)河底比降(Slope of stream bed)Part 3 流域的地貌特征流域形状（Shape of watershed）流域坡度（Slope of watershed）流域面积及面积定律(Drainage area and the law of drainage areas)流域长度和宽度（Width and length of watershed）形态因子(Shape factor)圆度(Circularity ratio) 伸长比(Elongation ratio)河网密度和河道维持常数（Drainage density & constant of channel maintenance）河流频度和链频度 (Stream frequency & link frequency)面积--河长曲线（Drainage area-stream length curve ）高程曲线（Elevation curve）Chapter 4 降水降水 (Precipitation)Part 1 降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitation elements & Temporal and spatial variation)降雨的基本要素（Rainfall Elements）降雨量(深) Rainfall (depth)降雨历时(Rainfall duration) 降雨强度(Rainfall intensity) 降雨面积(Rainfall area) 暴雨中心(Storm center)降雨强度与历时曲线（Rainfall intensity-duration curve）降雨深与面积关系曲线（Rainfall depth-area curve）降雨深与面积和历时关系曲线（Rainfall depth-area-duration curve）Part 2 降雨类型及其影响因素(Types of rainfall and Affecting factors)气旋雨(Cyclonic rain) 对流雨(Convectional/Convectiverain)台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes) 地形雨(Orographic rain)锋面雨(Frontal rain) 非锋面雨(Non-frontal rain)Part 3 区域（流域）平均降雨量计算方法(Calculation method of Average rainfall overan area)算术平均法 (Arithmetic mean method) 泰森多边形法 (Thiessen polygon method)等雨量线法 (Isohyetal method) 距离平方倒数法(Inverse distance-squared method)雷达测雨 (Radar measurement of rainfall) 卫星测雨 (Satellitic measurementof rainfall)Part4 降雨资料的检验(Test of rainfall data)Chapter 5 土壤水土壤水（Soil Water）水文循环（Hydrologic Cycle）土壤颗粒（soil particles）过滤（leach）蒸发（evaporation）蒸发，散发（transpiration）水分（moisture）Part 1土壤的质地结构及“三相”关系土壤质地 (Soil texture) 粘粒（clay）粉粒（silt）砂粒（sand）土壤结构 (Soil configuration) 土壤中的“三相”关系 (Three phases within a soil)固体（Solids）液体（Liquids）空气（Vapor）固体密度(solid density) 干容重(Dry bulk density) 孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetric water content) 容积含水率(volumetric water content)饱和度(the degree of saturation) 充气孔隙度(Aeration porosity)孔隙比(Void ratio)Part 2土壤水的存在形态土壤水作用力(Forces governing soil water) 分子力(Molecular force)毛管力(Capillary force) 粘着力（Adhesion）粘结力（Cohesion）重力(Gravitational force) 土壤水类型 (Soil waterclassification)束缚水(bound water）吸湿水(Hygroscopic Water) 膜状水(Film water)毛管上升水(Ascending water in capillary tube) 渗透重力水（percolating water）毛管悬着水(Suspended capillary water) sustained gravitational water(支持重力水)土壤水分常数 (Soil water constants) 田间持水量（field capacity）Saturation（饱和状态）Part 3土壤水的能量状态土水势 (Soil water potential) 影响因素（Affect the factors）土壤水分特性曲线 (Soil water characteristic curve)Chapter 6 下渗下渗: InfiltrationPart 1 引言(Introduction)土壤水分剖面 (soil moisture profile) 下渗 (infiltration)下渗率(infiltration intensity) 下渗容量(infiltration capacity)下渗曲线（infiltration capacity curve）累积下渗曲线（accumulative infiltration capacity curve）下渗机理（mechanism of infiltration）Part 2 非饱和下渗理论（）下渗方程的导出（deduction of infiltration equation）忽略重力作用的下渗方程的解（solution under gravity neglected）完全下渗方程的解（solution under whole condition）Part 3饱和下渗理论（）基本方程的建立 establishment of basic equation下渗曲线的导出（deduction of infiltration curve）Chapter 7 蒸发与散发蒸发与散发(Evaporation & Transpiration)Part 1蒸发现象及其控制条件(evaporation and control conditions)基本概念（basic concepts）蒸发潜热 (heat of vaporization)蒸发率(evaporation rate) 凝结潜热 (condensation latent)蒸发能力(evaporation capacity) 蒸发分类 classification of evaporation控制蒸发率的条件 controlling conditions for evaporation 动力条件(dynamic)气象条件meteorological condition 供水条件 (water supply)Part 2 水面蒸发(water surface evaporation)太阳辐射 (solar radiation) 气压 (air pressure) 风速 (wind velocity)温度 (temperature) 湿度 (humidity) 水面大小(water surface area)水面形状(shape of water body) 水深 (water depth) 水质(water quality)理论方法（theoretical method）热量平衡法 (heat balance method)空气动力学法 (aerodynamic method) 混合法 (mixed method)水量平衡法 (water balance method) 经验公式（empirical equation）器测法（ instrument-measurement method ）水面蒸发的时空分布特点 temporal spatial distribution characteristicsPart 3 土壤蒸发土壤蒸发过程 (soil water evaporation processes)土壤蒸发规律 (soil water evaporation rules)Part 4 植物散发散发现象(phenomena of plant transpiration) 植物散发规律(plant transpiration rules)植物散发的确定 (determination of transpiration)Part 5 流域蒸散发(watershed evapotranspiration)上层（Upper Layer）下层（Lower Layer）深层（Deep Layer）Chapter 8 产流机制产流机制:mechanism of runoff generation径流 (Runoff) 径流形成过程 (Rainfall-Runoff Process)径流深(Runoff Depth) 径流量的时程分配(Temporal distribution of runoff)Part 1包气带及其结构（Aeration (vadose) zone and its structure）包气带和饱水带（aeration zone or vadose zone and Saturdayed zone）特殊包气带(Special aeration zone)三相系统（three-phase system（liquid， gaseous，solid））土壤结构（soil structure）包气带结构(The structure of aeration zone)高寒地带的包气带（aeration zone in a high and cold area）Part 2包气带的水分动态及对降雨的再分配作用（Soil moisture dynamics in aeration zone and its roles in partitioning rainfall）A、包气带水分动态(soil moisture dynamics in aeration zone)包气带水分的增长（Soil moisture increase in aeration zone）包气带水分的消退（Recession of soil moisture in aeration zone）B、包气带对降雨的再分配作用(The role of aeration zone in redistributing rainfall)筛子（sieve）门槛（threshold）C、包气带水量平衡方程式(Water balance equation for aeration zone)Part 3 产流的物理条件（Physical conditions for runoff generation）超渗地面径流（Hortonian overland flow） (Rainfall excess)壤中水径流产流（through flow / subsurface flow / interflow）饱和地面径流条件（saturated overland flow）回归流（return flow）Part 4 基本产流模式 (Basic modes of runoff generation)Chapter 9 地表水流地表水流:surface flowPart 1 洪水波的形成及传播(Formation and propagation of flood wave) A、洪水波运动 (movement wave)a、几何特征（geomtric characteristics）波体（main body of flood wave）波高（wave height）波长（wave length）b、附加比降（additional slope）c、相应流量与相应水位（Corresponding discharge (water levels, stages) )d、波速（wave velocity）e、坦化（attenuation）扭曲（distortion）B、洪水运动的水力学描述(Hydraulic description of flood wave movement)圣维南方程组（Saint-Venant Equations）连续方程(Continuity equation or mass conservation equation)动力方程 (Momentum equation)C、洪水波的分类(Classification of flood wave)空间惯性迁移惯性项（convective inertia term）重力（gravity）时间惯性力局地惯性项（local inertia term）压力（pressure ）阻力（friction）D、运动波 (Kinematic wave)E、扩散波 (Diffusion wave)Part 2（Storage theory & storage equation）A、河槽调节作用和河段水量平衡方程(Storage effects of a river channel and waterbalance equation for a reach)蓄满产流(Runoff generation on repletion of storage)超渗产流(Runoff generation in excess of infiltration)B、槽蓄方程(Storage equation)C、洪水波运动的水文学方法(Hydrological method of flood wave movementD 、特征河长(Characteristic river length)F、槽蓄曲线的特性(Nature of Storage-discharge curve)Chapter 10 洪水演算洪水演算 (Flood Routing)Part 1 引言 (Introduction)具有物理基础的洪水演算法 (Physically-based flood routing method)质量守恒（mass conservation）动量守恒（momentum conservation）Part 2 线性扩散波演算法(Linear diffusion wave routing method)定解问题的构成 (Composition of solution problems) 基本解 (Basic solution)出流过程的计算(Derivation of outflow hydrograph) 扩散波（Diffusion wave）入流过程 (Processing of inflow hydrograph) 稳定流（Steady flow）参数的确定 (Determination of parameters) 卷积公式(Convolution formula)上断面洪水过程（inflow hydrograph at upper section)半无限长，自由下边界（semi—infinite long, free lower boundary）简单入流过程(Simple inflow hydrograph) 单位入流过程(Unit Inflow hydrograph)单位矩形入流过程 (Unit Rectangular Pulse Input)单位瞬时脉冲入流(Unit instantaneous Pulse Input)入流过程离散化(Discretizing inflow hydrograph) 汇流曲线(flow concentration curve)Part 3 线性特征河长演算法(Linear characteristic length routing method)描述洪水波运动的基本微分方程式(Basic differential equations of flood wave movement)汇流曲线的确定(Determination of flow concentration curve)Part 4 线性运动波演算法(Linear kinematic wave routing method)运动波差分方程的建立(Difference equation of kinematic wave)数值扩散的概念(Numerical diffusion) 连续演算问题(successive routing)汇流系数的计算(Calculation of flow concentration coefficient)泰勒公式(Taylor formula) 汇流系数(flow concentrationcoefficient)Chapter 11 流域产流流域产流:Watershed Runoff Generation/ProductionPart 1 引言(Introduction)径流 (Runoff) 径流形成过程 (Rainfall-Runoff Process)径流深(Runoff Depth) 径流量的时程分配(Temporal distribution of runoff) Part 2流域产流面积的变化（Variations in runoff producing area）A、现象及原因(Phenomena & Causes)蓄满产流(Runoff generation on repletion of storage)超渗产流(Runoff generation in excess of infiltration)B、蓄满产流条件下总径流的产流面积变化(Variations in the runoff producing area of total runoff under runoff formation on repletion of storage)蓄水容量曲线(Watershed Capacity Curve)流域蓄水容量曲线(Watershed water capacity curve)在降雨空间分布均匀的情况下（Spatial distribution of rainfall is even） C、超渗产流地面径流产流面积变化(Variations in the runoff producing area of surface runoff under runoff formation in excess of infiltration)Part 3 蓄满产流的流域产流量的计算（Computation of total runoff under runoff formation on repletion of storage）总径流量的计算(Computation of total runoff)径流成分的划分(Separation of runoff components)降雨空间分布不均匀情况(Spatial distribution of rainfall being uneven)Part 4超渗产流的流域产流量计算（Computation of total runoff under runoff formation in excess of infiltration）Chapter 12 流域汇流流域汇流:Watershed flow concentrationPart 1 基本概念及数学描述Basic Concepts and mathematical description A、流域汇流的路径Watershed flow paths几何路径 (Geometric paths) 状态路径 (State paths)B、流域汇流时间Watershed flow time of concentration平均流域汇流时间 (Average watershed flow time of concentration)最大流域汇流时间 (Maximum Watershed flow time of concentration)C、径流成因公式Formula for computing the discharge at the watershed outletD、流域调蓄作用Watershed storage effectsPart 2流域汇流系统分析 Analysis of watershed flow concentration system 基于流域调蓄作用的流域汇流系统的数学表达式(Mathematical description of storage-effect-based watershed flow system)流域瞬时单位线(Watershed Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph)卷积公式 (Convolution formula)流域单位线的识别（Determination of unit hydrograph)Part 3面积—时间曲线Time-area histogram等流时线和等流时面积(Isochrones and Inter-isochrone areas)等流时线法(Isochrones Method)Part 4概念性流域汇流模型Conceptual watershed flow concentration models 概念性元件(Conceptual components)“渠道”型 (Canal type) b. “水库”型(Reservoir type)概念性元件的组合及其瞬时单位线(Combination of conceptual components and the corresponding instantaneous unit hydrograph)。

采油工程设计常用术语一、基础术语basic terms1. 垂直井vertical well沿着与地面垂直方向钻井，其井眼轴线的斜度变化符合技术标准规定的井。

2. 定向井directional well按照探井或生产井的目的和要求．沿着特定的方向和轨迹所钻的井。

按井身剖面可包括垂直段、增斜段和稳斜段等直到井底的井眼。

3. 水平井horizontal well先钻一直井段或斜井段、在目的层中井斜角达到或接近90 ，并具有一定水平长度的井。

4. 生产井producing well以采油采气为目的而钻的井。

5. 注人井injection well以向油(气)藏注水或注气等为目的而钻的井。

6. 原始油(气)藏压力initial reservoir pressure油(气)藏未开采前，在探井中测得的油气层中部压。

7. 油(气)藏压力reservoir pressure关井待压力恢复到稳定时．测得的油气层中部压力。

8. 油(气)藏压力梯度reservoir pressure gradient海拔高度每相差10m油(气)藏压力的变化值。

9. 油(气)藏压力系数reservoir pressure coefficient油气藏压力与同一埋藏深度水柱压力的比值．简称压力系数。

10. 异常地层压力abnormal formation pressure压力系数小于0.7或大于1.2的地层压力。

11. 井底流压flowing bottom hole pressure油气井生产时井筒中油气层中部或生产层处的压力。

12. 流压梯度flowing pressure gradient油气井正常生产时流体压力沿井同的变化率。

13. 静压梯度static pressure gradient关井后．井底压力恢复到稳定时、井简内单位长度的静液(气)住所产生的压力。

14. 生产压差production pressure differential油气井生产时，油(气)藏压力与井底流压之差。

临界流节流装置的应用节流装置是如何工作的临界流节流装置的应用标准节流装置应用于可压缩流（气体）时规定下游压力与上游压力之比（即压力比）不小于0.75，这时管道内流体流速为亚声速。

当下游压力连续降低，在有廓形的节流件流动通道上会产生临界流象，这季节流件喉部的流速将达到声速.流动显现壅塞现象.尽管下游压力连续降低.通过节流件的质量流量将保持恒定.只有当上游压力加添时，质量流量才再上升。

在实际应用中，临界流文丘里喷嘴（音速文丘里喷嘴）或音速文丘里在气体流量测量中，应用还是比较广泛的。

如天然气工业中作为气体流量传递标准获得广泛的应用，紧要特点如下：①仪表工作的理论基础较清楚，可以用一个半经脸公式表示.在气体原始标准上校准得到的流出系数可推广到不同操作条件而不失去计量精度。

②仪表具有高的重复性精密度）.③仪表的流量特性—质量流量与人口滞止压力为线性关系.与亚声速的差压式流量计相比，范围度宽得多，没有流体脉动引人的差压平均值的误差。

特别是它不是在流速（幅值与方向》猛烈变化处测量信号（其信号为静压而不是差压），信号的检测精度大为提高④仪表的侧量信号仅取决于节流件上游侧的流体参数，不受下游侧流体参数的影响。

⑤仪表无可动部件，坚固耐用.结构简单.便于复制与检验.属半永久性的。

作为流量传递标准，这点很紧要。

⑥仪表的测量范围（压力、温度和流量）几乎不受限制。

⑦用它作为流量传递标准建立的气体流量标准装里.在同样的流量测量范围及精度等级时，无论装置的体积和价格等都要小得多，低廉得多，经济应用。

⑧实行内部流场侧试法（即测量喷嘴节流装置的流体运动要素，用气体动力学方法确定流量值）可以解决高压气体大流量的实流校准难题。

随着ISO 9300的颁布使临界流流量计的进展达到了一个新阶段。

但亦应看到，音速文丘里喷嘴的标准化成熟程度尚不及亚音速节流式差压流量计.虽可以干校使用，但精度稍低些（0.5%）。

公司会在以后的进展历程中更加研制开发更加适用的产品来适应我们现场的工艺。

石油英语词汇(B1)B instruction 变址指令B register 变址寄存器B 巴B 靶恩B 板B 贝尔B 苯B 波美计；波美度B 磁感应B 带B 带宽B 地层体积因子B 电池B 二进制位B 浮力B 宽度B 梁；波束B 亮度B 硼b 十亿B 桶B 信息组B 阳离子迁移率B 英国热量单位B 粘结灰岩B 轴承；方向B&S wire gauge 美国线规B-axis B-轴B-battery 板极电池组B-box 变址寄存器B-digit B数字B-H curve 磁化曲线B-line 变址寄存器B-power supply 乙电源B-power 板极电源B-store 变址寄存器B-tectonite B构造岩B-type fold B-型褶皱B-type subduction B-型俯冲作用B.A. ohm 英制欧姆b.a. 桥式放大器B.A.A.S. 英国科学促进会B.A.S. 英国标准协会B.B 反方向B.B.P 基板底部b.c. 两中心之间的距离B.C.C. 体心立方B.C.D 基圆直径B.C.T. 体心正方b.d. 每日桶数B.E.P. 损益两平点B.E.P. 最佳效率点B.F. 带通滤波器B.G. 伯明翰线规B.G. 二进制增益B.G. 伞齿轮B.H. 布氏硬度B.M.E.P. 制动均压B.O. 取铆器；有毛病的B.O. 卸开B.O.T.U. 电能单位B.P. 距今b.r.t 转盘面以下b.s.b. 海底下B.S.D. 英国度量标准B.S.I. 英国标准学会b.s.l. 海平面以下B.S.M.E. 采矿工程学士B.S.＆W. 碱沉渣和水B.Sc. 工学士B.Sc. 理学士B.U. 增斜B.V. 容积B.V. 帐面价值b.y. 10亿年Ba 钡BA 缓冲放大器BA 基线BA 桥式放大器BA 酸液桶数BAB 巴氏合金babbit metal 巴氏合金babbit packing ring 巴氏合金填密圈babbit seat 巴氏合金座babbit 巴比特合金babbit-lined bearing 巴氏合金衬套轴承babbitting 巴比特合金babble 多道干扰；交叉失真；潺潺声；相互影响Babcock coefficient of friction 巴布科克摩擦系数BABS 进场波束指向系统baby check valve 小型单向阀；小型检验开关baby compressor 小型压缩机baby 平衡重；小型的BAC 二进制非对称通道bac 二进制模拟转换bachelor of science in engineering 工学士bachelor of science 理学士bachelor 学士；单身汉bacilli bacillus的复数bacillite 棒状雏晶束back action 反作用back ampere-turns 逆向安匝back and stopping trial 倒车及停航试验back angle 后背角；后视角back azimuth 反方位角back band 滚筒刹车带back bay 封闭海湾back bead 背面焊缝back bearing 后象限角back belt 倒车皮带back bias 反馈偏压back bowl scraper 导向头刮管器back brake 绳式顿钻捞砂轮刹车back cavitation 叶背空泡back connected instrument 背面连接式仪器back contact spring 静接点弹簧back contact 后接点back coupling 反馈back current brake 反向电流电刹车back current 反向电流back deep basin 后渊盆地back deep 后渊back diffusion 反向扩散back digger 反铲挖掘机back discharge 反向放电back electromotive force 反电动势back elevation 背立面图back EMF 反电动势back end 底back extrusion 反向挤出back feed 反馈back fire arrester 回火防止器back fire 回火back flush 反冲洗back furrow 蛇形丘back geared type motor 带减速器的马达back geared 装有背齿轮的back geosyncline 后地槽back hand welding 反手焊接back hub 后视桩back interpolation formula 后插公式back island arc 后岛弧back levee march 堤后草本沼泽back light 倒车灯back marsh 河漫滩草本沼泽back measurement 后测back motion 倒档back numbers 前面几期；过期期刊back nut 后螺母back off point 倒开点back off shot 解卡倒扣用炸药包back off sub 丢手接头back off tool 松开工具back order 延期交货back oscillation 反波振荡back pack 背包式灭火器back play 间隙back pressure control station 回压控制站back pressure curve 回压曲线back pressure washing 回压冲洗back pressure 回压back production 回采back radiation 反向辐射back rake angle 后倾角back reaction 反向反应back reaming 倒划眼back reflection 背射back resistance 反向电阻back run 封底焊back saw 手锯back scattering angle 反向散射角back scattering wave 反向散射波back shift 第二班back shooting 逆向爆炸back shop 修理厂back space 退格back stress effect 背应力效应back substitution 回代back swing 回程back thrusting 背向冲断层作用back torgue line 反扭矩拉绳back traverse 闭合导线back twisting 反向加捻back up chain tongs 咬定链钳back up information 后备信息back up pad 支撑板back up plate 推靠板back up protection 备用保护装置back up store 后备存储器back up trace 测井曲线记录备用道back view 后视图back voltage 逆电压back wagon 钻台用小推车back wash line 反洗管线back wave 反射波back work 后援工作back 背back-acting shovel 反铲挖土机back-angle counter 逆向散射粒子计数器back-arc basin 弧后盆地back-arc spreading 弧后扩张back-arc subduction 弧后俯冲back-berm trough 滩肩后凹槽back-berm 后滩肩back-brake support 顿钻捞砂轮刹车支架back-crank pumping unit 前置式游梁抽油机back-end computer 后端计算机back-extract 反萃取back-extraction 反萃取作用back-flush phase 回吹阶段back-flushable filter 逆流冲洗式过滤器back-flushing type unit 反冲洗型装置back-in rig 退入式作业机back-in 倒车对井口中心back-leg 后腿back-log workload 后备工作量back-mixing 返混back-off assembly 松开装置back-off joint 倒扣短节back-off operation 倒扣作业back-off procedure 倒开步骤back-off 倒开back-out 旋松；退火；取消；拧出back-packer 支撑式封隔器back-pressure regulator 回压调节器back-pressure valve 回压阀back-purge system 反冲洗系统back-ridge 洋脊背侧back-roll 反绕back-scattered ground roll 反向散射地滚波back-scattered noise 反向散射噪声back-setting effect 逆流效应back-side-crank pumping unit 单拐多连杆抽油设备back-sizing 单面上浆back-sliding nappe 后滑推覆体back-slope 后坡back-spacing 返回back-step welding 逐步退焊back-to-back counter 加倍计数器back-to-back credit export first 输出方先开的对开信用证back-to-back credit import first 输入方先开的对开信用证back-to-back 对头拼接back-up attachment 背钳附件back-up control manifold 辅助控制管汇back-up corner 后备位置back-up curve 辅助曲线back-up galvanometer 辅助检流计back-up post 支柱back-up safety 备用安全装置back-up surveillance 辅助监督back-up tong 背钳back-up wrench 背钳back-ups 背钳backacter 反铲挖土机backarc 后弧backbarrier complex 障壁后复合体backbarrier deposit 障壁后沉积backbarrier facies 障壁后相backbarrier 障壁后backbeach 滨后滩backboard 底板backbone chain 主链backbone pipeline 干线backbone road 干道backbone structure 主链结构backbone 脊骨；主要部分backcountry 边远地区backcycling 反向循环backdraft =backdraughtbackdraught 倒车；逆转backdrift 后退偏航backdrop 交流声backend processor 后端处理机backer 支持者backfall 山坡backfeed loop 反馈回路backfill compactor 管沟回填土压实机backfill crown 回填土堆backfill rammer 回填夯实机backfill tamper 管沟回填夯实机backfill 回填backfiller 回填机backfilling bucket 斗式回填机backfilling gang 管沟回填队backfilling 回填backfin 夹层；裂缝backfire 回火backfit 变形不大；修合backflash 反闪backflow channel 回流水道backflow connection 回流管backflow gate 双向旋启式止回阀backflow ripple 回流波痕backflow test 回流试验backflow tracer 回流示踪剂backflow volume 回流液量backflow 回流backflowing debris 流入井里的碎屑backflush chromatogram 反冲色谱backfolding 背向褶皱backgear 背齿轮background activity 本底放射性background batch process 基础程序组方法background buildup 本底积累background concentration 背景浓度background contrast ratio 背景反差比background correction 本底校正background count 本底计数background current 本底电流background dose 本底剂量background equilibrium condition 背景平衡条件background evaluations 背景评价background fluctuation 背景起伏background fog 背景雾background gas 背景气background heater 隐闭式供暖器background hump 本底突峰background impurity 本底杂质background information 背景信息background interference 背景干扰background ions 本底离子background level 背景水平background luminance 背景亮度background luminescence 本底发光background noise 背景噪声background polarization 背景极化background pollution 本底污染background population 背景总体background probability 背景概率background processor 后台处理机background program 辅助程序；后台程序background radiation 本底辐射background radioactivity 本底放射性background reflectance 背景反差background response 本底响应background return 背景回波background seismic wave 本底地震波background signal 本底信号background source 本底源background spectrum 本底谱线图background subtraction 减去本底background value 背景值background velocity 背景速度background 背景backguy 拉线backhand drainage pattern 逆向水系型式backhand drainage 倒转水系backhand 反手；反手一击backhaul 载货返航backhead 后部backheating 反加热backhoe loader 反铲装载机backhoe 反铲backing bar 撑杆backing block 补偿绕组backing memory 后备存储器backing off 反馈backing pass 底焊焊道backing plank 衬板backing plate 托板backing power 倒车功率backing pump 旋转油泵backing register 后备寄存器backing resistance 倒航阻力backing ring 垫环backing run 背面焊接backing storage 后备存储器backing store 后备存储器backing strip 条状垫板backing weld 用垫环的焊缝backing 支持；衬垫物backing-up screw 防松螺钉backjoint 平行解理走向节理面backland 腹地backlash eliminator 齿隙消除装置backlash spring 消隙弹簧backlash 轮齿隙；齿隙游移backlimb thrust 缓翼冲断层backlimb 缓翼backlog 储备；积压的工作backoff string shot 钻具解卡炮弹backpitch 背节距backplan 底视图backplane 底板backplate 背面板backpressure test 气井产能测试backproject 幕后投影backprojection algorithm 向后投射算法backprojection operator 后投影算子backprojection 反向投射backpropagation algorithm 向后传播算法backpropagation 反向传播backpumping 反输backreaming 倒划井眼backreef facies 后礁相backreef lagoon 礁后泻湖backreef sediment 后礁沉积backreef zone 礁后带backreef 礁后；礁后区backrush 回流backscatter ultraviolet radiometer 后向散射紫外线辐射仪backscatter 背反射backscattered electron image 反散射电子图象backscattered gamma ray 反散射伽马射线backscatterer 反向散射体backscattering coefficient 反向散射系数backscattering gauge 反向散射测量计backscattering 反向散射backset bed 后积层backset bedding 后积层层理backset current 回流backset eddy 逆涡流backset 逆流backshaft 后轴backshore beach ridge 滨后滩脊backshore beach 滨后滩backshore deposit 滨后沉积backshore terrace 后滨阶地backshore 后滨backshuttle line 反循环管线backside pumping 一台马达带动两口井抽油机backside 后部backsight 回视backspring 后向弹簧backstay cable 拉索backstay 背撑backstop 托架backstroke 回程backsurge chamber volume 反冲洗工具的低压室体积backsurge disc valve 反冲洗圆盘阀backsurge tool string 反冲工具管柱backsurge tool stringer 反冲工具尾管backsurge tool 反冲洗井工具backsurge volume 反冲液量backsurge 回压冲洗backsurged debris 反冲出的碎屑backsurging operation 反冲洗作业backsurging principle 反冲原理backsurging 反冲backswamp deposit 漫滩沼泽沉积backswamp depression 漫滩洼地backswamp 天然堤后漫滩沼泽backswept 后掠；后掠角backswipe reflection 来自后侧岩丘表面多次反射backtrough 后槽backup arm 推靠臂backup copy 副本backup device 备用装置backup flooding 保持压力注水backup hydraulic control 后备液压控制backup injection well 后备注入井backup lamp 倒车灯backup line 备用管道backup mist generator 副油雾发生器backup ring 垫圈backup shoe 推靠臂backup system 辅助系统backup washer 支撑垫圈backup water injector 后备注水井backup 支持；底板；阻塞Backus filter 巴克斯滤波器Backus operator 巴克斯算子Backus three-point operator 巴克斯三点算子Backus-Gilbert approach 巴克斯-吉尔伯特法backwall 后膜backward angle method 背离角法backward branch 反向分支backward crossover 反相交backward difference approximation 后向差分近似法backward difference implicit 后向差分隐式法backward difference method 后向差分法backward difference operator 后向差分算子backward difference 后向差分backward flow 回流backward folding 背向褶皱作用backward gain 反向增益backward gear 倒档齿轮backward induction 逆序归纳法backward integration 逆向一体化backward interpolation 后向插值backward prediction error filter 反向预测误差滤波器backward prediction 后测backward reading 反读backward running 反转backward station 逆位置backward stroke 回程backward wave 回波backward welding 反向焊backward 反向的backwarddrainage 逆向水系backwardstation method 后向测点法backwash cycle 反冲洗循环backwash efficiency 反洗效率backwash mark 海滩回流痕backwash pump 回流泵backwash 喷流backwash-regeneration cycle 反冲洗-再生循环backwashing 反洗backwasting 冰前消退作用backwater gate 回水闸backwater trap 回水存水弯backwater 循环水backway 后退距离backwearing 坡崖平行后退backweathering 后退风化backweld 封底焊缝backwelding 反面焊接backwordscattered field 反向散射波场bacteria content 细菌含量bacteria corrosion 微生物腐蚀bacteria culture bottle 细菌培养瓶bacteria grinder 磨菌器bacteria remover 除菌剂bacteria bacterium的复数bacteria-free 无菌的bacterial action 细菌作用bacterial activity 细菌活性bacterial adherence 细菌粘附bacterial alteration 细菌演化作用bacterial anomaly 细菌异常bacterial attack 细菌腐蚀bacterial biomass 细菌生命体bacterial colonies 细菌群体bacterial contamination 细菌污染bacterial corrosion 细菌腐蚀bacterial cultures 细菌培养物bacterial decomposition 细菌分解作用bacterial degradation 细菌降解作用bacterial desulfurization 微生物脱硫bacterial dewaxing 微生物脱蜡bacterial ecology 细菌生态学bacterial fermentation 细菌发酵作用bacterial gas 微生物气bacterial growth 细菌滋长bacterial leaching 细菌浸取bacterial metabolization 细菌新陈代谢作用bacterial methane 菌生甲烷bacterial oil recovery 细菌采油bacterial oxidation 细菌氧化bacterial plugging 细菌堵塞bacterial polymer 细菌聚合物bacterial prospecting 细菌勘探bacterial reduction 细菌还原作用bacterial slime buildup 细菌粘液堵塞bacterial surveys 细菌测量bacterially degraded oil 细菌降解油bactericidal action 杀菌作用bactericidal agent 杀菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriofluorescein 细菌荧光素bacteriogenic 细菌成因的bacteriohopane tetrol 细菌藿四醇bacteriology 细菌学bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophagy 噬菌现象bacteriostasis 抑菌bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂Bactrognathus 棒颚牙形石属Bactrosaurus 巴克龙属Bactrosporites 棒形孢属Baculatisporites 棒瘤孢属Baculexinis 异瘤切壁孢属Baculites ovatus fauna 杆菊石属卵圆形动物群Baculites 杆菊石属BACW 含酸水桶数bad accounts 呆帐bad checks 空头支票bad debt 坏帐bad earth 接地不良bad fishing job 复杂的打捞工作bad ground 复杂地层bad hole 复杂井眼bad line removal 坏线消除bad oil 含水原油bad parity 奇偶错误bad spot 受到损坏的部位baddeleyite 斜锆石badge 徽章badigeon 油灰Badin metal 巴丁合金Badiotella 小步蛤属badly faulted 严重断裂的badly faulting 强烈断层活动badly graded sand 级配不良的砂baech-barrier system 海滩-障壁体系BAF 每英亩-英尺产油桶数baffle 折流板baffle collar 带挡圈的接箍baffle filter 挡板过滤器baffle plate 挡板baffle spacing 隔板间的距离baffle structure 消力结构baffle 挡板baffled gravel-placement device 装有隔板的砾石充填装置baffler 挡板缓冲板；减音器bafflestone 障结灰岩bag dredge 海底挖泥机bag filter 袋式过滤器bag type blowout preventer 筒式防喷器bag 袋bag-type BOP 筒式防喷器bagasse 甘蔗渣baggage room 行李舱baggage 行李bagged cement 袋装水泥Bagged slurry explosive 袋装塑胶炸药bagger 袋装机；挖泥机baghouse 囊式集尘室bagpipe 风笛；人为干扰发射机bagwork 装袋工作；沙包bahada 山麓冲积扇bahamite 巴哈马沉积bahiaite 橄闪紫苏岩Bahnmetal 铅基轴承合金Baicalia 贝加尔螺属Baikalian orogeny 贝加尔造山运动Baikalides 贝加尔褶皱系baikarite 贝地蜡baikerinite 褐地蜡bail bond 保释担保书bail down 提捞bail out 戽出；提捞bail the rathole 捞鼠洞bail 桶bail-out bottle 应急呼吸气瓶bailed sample 捞出的砂样bailed sand sample 捞出砂样bailed sand 捞出砂bailee 受托人bailer bail 捞砂筒上的提环bailer conductor 捞砂筒bailer crown-block 捞砂天车bailer dart 捞砂筒下部的活门bailer dump 捞砂筒的倒砂门；用筒装物体倒入井内；捞砂筒捞出物bailer grab 捞砂筒的捞钩bailer line 捞砂绳bailer method of cementing 用捞砂筒注水泥bailer method 捞砂法bailer sample 捞砂筒中砂样bailer valve 捞砂筒阀bailer 抽泥筒Bailey meter 贝利流量计bailing block 提捞滑车bailing bucket 捞砂筒bailing drum 捞砂滚筒bailing line 捞砂绳bailing machine 捞砂机bailing reel 捞砂滚筒bailing rope 捞砂绳bailing tub 捞砂桶bailing well 捞砂井bailing 提捞作业bailling tank 捞砂罐bailment 保释；委托书bailor 委托人bailsman 保证人bainite 贝氏体Baire function 贝瑞函数Baisalina 贝塞虫属bait box 午饭盒bajada 山麓冲积平原bajir 沙漠湖Bajocian stage 巴柔阶bakalite 酚醛塑料bake 烤baked clay 焙烧粘土baked phenolic coating 焙干酚醛树脂涂层baked test 烘烤试验baked 烘过的baked-on resin coating 焙干树脂涂层bakelite varnish 酚醛树脂清漆bakelite =bakalitebakeout 烘烤Baker shoe 套管鞋baker 烘炉Bakerlok 贝克尔厂所产防套管丝扣松脱剂baking soda 碳酸氢钠baking 烤bakingout process 过热处理bakingout 烧毁bakkeoer 冰碛丘BAL 基本汇编语言bal 平衡Bala 巴拉群balance account 结算帐户balance amplitude limiting 平衡限幅balance arc 平衡弧balance arm 天平臂；平衡臂balance beam 平衡梁balance bob 平衡锤balance box 平衡重balance carried down 余额移后页balance check mode 平衡检验状态balance check 零位检查balance detector 平衡检波器balance device 平衡装置balance equation 平衡方程balance equipment 平衡设备balance gear 平衡齿轮balance level 水准仪balance measurement 重量平衡测定balance method 平衡法balance of payments deficit 国际收支逆差balance of payments surplus 国际收支顺差balance of payments 国际收支balance on ledger 分类帐余额balance out 抵消balance pan 天平盘balance piston 平衡活塞balance pressure drilling 平衡压力钻井balance quality 平衡精度balance rheometer 平衡流变仪balance rider 游码balance room 天平室balance scale 天平标尺balance sheet analysis 资产负债表分析balance sheet approach 资产负债表法balance sheet of man power 劳动力平衡表balance sheet of materials and supplies 物资平衡表balance sheet 资产负债表balance stem 平衡杆balance tank 平衡罐balance test 平衡试验balance ticket 决算单balance valve 平衡阀balance viscosity 平衡粘度balance weight 平衡重balance wheel 平衡轮balance 天平balanced activity drilling fluid 反相乳化钻井液balanced amplifier 平衡放大器balanced antenna 平衡天线balanced bottom hole pressure method 井底压力平衡压井法balanced bridge 平衡电桥balanced budget rule 平衡预算规则balanced budget 平衡预算balanced cable 平衡电缆balanced cement plug 平衡水泥塞balanced circuit 平衡电路balanced control surface 平衡控制面balanced cross section 平衡地质剖面balanced drilling 平衡钻井balanced earthwork 平衡土方工程balanced flood performance 注采平衡动态balanced frequency modulation detector 平衡调频检波器balanced game 平衡对策balanced growth 均衡增长balanced hole 平衡孔balanced injection and production rate 注采平衡balanced input 平衡输入balanced load 平衡载荷balanced modulator 平衡调制器balanced mud density method 平衡泥浆密度法balanced multivibrator 平衡多谐振荡器balanced network 平衡网络balanced octane number 平衡辛烷值balanced offtake 注采平衡balanced opposed reciprocating compressor 对称平衡往复式压缩机balanced polyphase load 多相平衡载荷balanced pressure proportioner 等压式比例混合器balanced pressure torch 等压式焊炬balanced reaction rudder 平衡反应舵balanced reaction 平衡反应balanced relay 平衡继电器balanced rudder 平衡舵balanced seal 平衡密封balanced state 平衡状态balanced steel ratio 平均配筋率balanced system 平衡系统balanced tangential 平衡正切法balanced transformer 平衡变压器balanced twist 平衡捻balanced ventilation 平衡通风balanced water plugging technique 平衡堵水工艺balanced 平衡的balanced-pressure drilling 平衡压力钻井balancer 平衡器balancing adjustment 平衡调整balancing capacitor 平衡电容器balancing coil 平衡线圈balancing force 平衡力balancing fracturing truck 平衡压裂车balancing load 平衡载荷balancing network 平衡网络balancing shaft 平衡轴balancing speed 平衡速度balancing torque 平衡扭矩balancing transformer 平衡变压器balancing weight 平衡块balancing 平衡balata belt 胶合皮带balcony 阳台；艉望台bald mountain 秃山bald-headed anticline 秃顶背斜bald-headed derrick 无天车工作平台的井架bald-headed structure 秃顶构造baldite 辉沸煌岩Baldurnisporites 巴尔多孢属bale cargo 包装货bale ties 打包窄钢带bale 大包baler 压密机baling press 包装机baling 打包Balios 斑点藻属Balistes 鳞属balitron 稳定负阻balk 梁木；障碍；错误ball and ring method 环球法ball and ring test 球环试验ball and seat valve 球形止回阀ball and socket reamer 肘节扩眼器ball bearing core barrel 滚珠轴承内筒不转的岩心筒ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball breaker 玻球式触底指示器ball cage 弹子夹ball check valve 球形单向阀ball circuit type 循环钢球式ball clack valve 球瓣单向阀ball clay 球粘土ball coal 球状煤ball cock 球旋塞；浮动旋塞ball collar thrust bearing 滚珠环止推轴承ball condenser 球形冷凝器ball float collar 球形浮箍ball float level controller 浮球液面调节器ball float shoe 球形浮鞋ball grinder 球磨机ball hardness 钢球硬度ball heater 球形加热器ball injector 投球器ball joint clamping 球形接头锁紧ball joint drive 球节式装置ball joint head 球形头ball joint 球节ball method of testing 钢球压印试验法ball mill pulverizer 球磨粉碎机ball mill refiner 球磨精制机ball mill 球磨机ball out 疏通ball packing 球充填物ball peen hammer 圆头手锤ball play 球棒ball plug 弹子孔塞销ball powder 球形火药ball prover 球型校验器ball race 滚珠座圈ball rebound test 球回跳试验ball relief valve 球形安全阀ball retaining plug 塞销ball safety valve 球形安全阀ball sealer 封堵球ball sealing 球封ball section 球节ball srew type 循环钢球式ball test 钢球试验ball thrust bearing 滚珠止推轴承ball type surface controlled safety valve 地面控制的球型安全阀ball type tubing safety valve 油管球形安全阀ball valve sample chamber 球阀取样器ball valve 球阀ball viscometer 球式粘度计ball 球ball 压载；压舱物ball-and-chain crawler 球形刮刀ball-and-dish seat type valve 球及球座型阀ball-and-pillow structure 球-枕状构造ball-and-roller bearing 滚珠-滚柱轴承ball-and-seat 单流阀ball-and-socket bearing 球窝轴承ball-and-socket joint 球窝接头；球形铰链连接ball-and-socket valve 球形阀ball-bore calibration device 球-孔标定装置ball-locking finger 锁紧球指针ball-off 投球封堵ball-park recovery factor 小型试注回采率ball-point penetrator 球体贯入度仪ball-type 球式ball-up 泥包钻头ballas 工业用金刚石ballaset 巴拉赛特ballast cell 压载室ballast concrete 石碴混凝土ballast lamp 镇流管ballast pump 压载水泵ballast road 石碴路ballast tank 压载罐ballast tray 重型浮阀塔盘ballast trimming 压载调整；纵倾调整ballast water 压舱水ballast 压载ballasted condition 压载状态ballaster 铺碴机ballasting up 施加压重；铺完石碴ballasting 压载打压舱水ballaststorage chamber 压载-储存舱balled bit 泥包钻头balling formation 易泥包地层balling up of valves 阀球被卡住balling up 泥包balling 泥包balling-up sticking 泥包卡钻ballistic galvanometer 冲击式电流计ballistic prover 冲击式流量校验器ballistic test 冲击试验ballistics 弹道学；发射特性ballistite 波里斯太ballometer 雾粒电荷计ballonet 副囊balloon flask 球体烧瓶balloon framing 轻捷木骨架balloon photograph 气球摄影相片balloon photography 气球摄影术balloon 气囊balloon-system loss prevention 防止油品蒸发损耗的气囊集气系统ballooning effect 鼓胀效应ballooning 鼓胀balloonless spinning 无气圈纺丝ballseat 球座ballstone 球石ballute 减速气球Balmeisporites 巴氏大孢属Balognathus 射颚牙形石属balop 反射式放映机Baltic lce lake 波罗的冰湖Baltica land 波罗的古陆Baltica shield 波罗的地盾Baltisphaeridium 波罗的刺球藻属Baltoniodus 波罗的牙形石属Baluchitherium 俾路支兽属balun 平衡转换器BAM 基本存取方法BAM 双向联想存储器bamboo pulp 竹浆bamboo scaffolding 竹脚手架bamboo skin rope tool drilling 竹弓顿钻bamboo steel 竹节钢筋bamboo 竹ban 禁止banados 浅沼泽banakite 橄云安粗岩banana jack 香蕉插头座banana pin 香蕉插头banana plug 香蕉插头banatite 辉英闪长岩Banbury mixer 密炼机Banco do Brasil 巴西银行banco 牛轭湖band brake 带式制动器band clutch 带式离合器band combination 波段组合band compensation 频带补偿band compression 频带压缩band conveyor 皮带输送机band coupling 带式联接器band elimination 带状消元法band filter 带通滤波器band head 谱带头band heater 带式加热器band iron 扁铁band limited wiener inverse operator 限带维纳反算子band mask 软韧橡胶面罩band meter 波长计band of genetic similarity 生成相似带band oil pool 带状油藏band pass 带通band printer 带式打印机band ratio 波段比值band reject 带阻band rope 扁绳band saw 环形锯band selection 波段选择band selector 波段选择器band separator 频带分离器band spectrum 带状光谱band spinning machine 带式熔融纺丝机band spinning 带式熔融纺丝band splitting 谱带分裂band spread 频带扩展band steel 带钢band stop filter 带阻滤波器band suppression filter 带阻滤波器band switch 波段开关band tailing 谱带拖尾band tape 卷尺band tubing 软韧橡皮管band viscometer 带式粘度计band wheel pumping power 深井泵抽油的皮带驱动band wheel shaft 主轴band wheel 绳式顿钻钻机的主传动轮；传动皮带轮；带式刹车轮毂band 带band-elimination filter 带阻滤波器band-exclusion filter 带阻滤波器band-gap transition 带隙跃迁band-limited function 限带函数band-limited seismogram 限带地震记录band-limited signal 有限带宽信号band-limited spectrum 带限频谱band-reject filter 带阻滤波器band-sawing machine 带锯机bandage 绷带；防潮带；用绷带包扎bandaite 拉长英安岩banded clay 带状粘土banded coal 带状煤banded constituent 条带状成分banded corrosion 层状腐蚀banded differentiate 带状分异火成岩banded iron formation 条带状含铁建造banded sediment 条带状沉积物banded slate 带状板岩banded structure 条带构造bander 打捆工；打捆机banding 带状；聚集成带；箍紧bandlimited frequency spectrum 限带频谱bandlimited inverse operator 限带反演算子bandpass amplifier 带通放大器bandpass analog filter 带通模拟滤波器bandpass filtering 带通滤波bandpass response 带通频率响应bandpass signal 带通信号bandspreader 频段扩展器bandwidth control 带宽调节bandwidth correlator 带宽相关器bandwidth expansion ratio 带宽扩展率bandwidth 带宽bandy clay 带状粘土bang 猛击Bangor ladder 消防摇梯banister 栏杆柱；栏杆；楼梯扶手banjo case 井口喷气减速装置banjo 箱bank atoll 浅滩环礁bank barrier 浅滩堡礁bank bill 钞票bank build-up 沙堤形成bank cable transfer 银行电汇bank charges 银行手续费bank cycle time 体周期时间bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank draft 银行汇票bank erosion 岸边侵蚀bank gravel 河岸砾石bank guarantee 银行担保bank inset reef 滩内礁bank letter of credit 银行信用证bank loan 银行贷款bank note 钞票Bank of America 美洲银行Bank of China 中国银行Bank of Communications 交通银行bank of condensers 冷凝器组bank of meters 计量仪表组bank of staggered pipes 错列排管Bank of Tokyo 东京银行bank prime rate 银行优惠利率bank protection revetment 护坡bank reconciliation 银行往来调节表；对帐单bank reef 滩礁bank run 银行挤兑bank seismic facies unit 滩地震岩相单元bank stabilization 河岸稳定bank stage 平岸水位bank statement 银行结单bank stock 银行股票bank year 银行会计年度bank 岸bank-to-bank transaction 银行间同业往来bankable bill 可兑现票据bankable project 由银行担保的项目banke 陡崖banked battery 并联电池组banked winding 叠绕线卷banked 联组工作的banker's acceptance bill 银行承兑汇票banker's acceptance rate 银行承兑率banker's acceptance 银行承兑banker's agency 银行代理行banker's bill 银行汇票banker's check 银行支票banker's clean bill 银行光票banker's duty of secrecy 银行保密责任banker's invoice 银行发票banker's long draft 银行长期汇票banket structure 板状节理banket 致密石英砾岩bankfull stage 满槽水位banking industry 银行业banking 油带的形成bankrupt 破产；破产的；使破产bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy petition 破产申请bankruptcy procedure 破产程序bankruptcy 破产Banksia 班克木属Banksieaeidites 板克粉属banner 旗；标签；首位的Banoco 巴林国家石油公司Banque Nationale de Paris 巴黎国民银行bansen 斑森Banta method 班塔法bantam mixer 非倾倒式拌和机bantam 短小精悍；小型设备；携带式无线电信标Bantamia 班旦珊瑚属banto faro 半沼泽BAP 伯克利数组外理机bar actuated pressure vent 杆式驱动液压排出孔bar beach 滨外滩bar bender 钢筋挠曲器bar bending 弯钢筋bar chart 柱形统计图bar check 杆尺校正bar chromatogram 直方色谱图bar code 条形码bar cutting machine 棒料切割机bar diagram 图表bar drop sub 投杆接头bar dropper 投棒器bar for line 保温钉bar graph 柱形统计图bar gravel 河流砾石浅滩bar iron 铁条bar lake 堰堵塞湖bar magnet 条形磁铁bar magnetic compass 磁杆罗盘bar plain 沙坝平原bar platform 沙坝台地bar point 点沙坝bar port 候潮港bar pressure 大气压力bar printer 杆式打印机bar reinforcement 棒钢筋bar shears 棒料剪切机bar stock 棒料bar tail 沙坝尾bar theory 沙坝说bar 气压计bar 气压计的bar 条bar 桶bar 重晶石bar 重晶石的bar-finger sand 指状沙坝bar-finger sandstone body 指状砂岩体bar-finger 指状沙坝bar-head 沙坝头bar-like lunate 新月形沙坝bar-stock needle valve 杆控针形阀barachois 泻湖baramite 菱镁蛇纹岩barb bolt 地脚螺栓barb 倒刺barbados earth 巴巴多斯土Barbarodina 奇异牙形石属Barbate 顶须孢类barbed drainage pattern 倒钩水系barbed tributary 倒钩支流barbed wire 带刺铁丝barber 大风雪barberite 铜镍锡硅合金barbotage 鼓泡barcan 新月形沙丘barchan cluster 新月沙丘群barchan dune 新月沙丘barchan swarm 新月沙丘群barchane 新月形沙丘Barclays Bank International 巴克莱国际银行Barclays Bank 巴克莱银行Barcol hardness 巴氏硬度Barcol impressor 巴科尔硬度仪Bardine process 钻杆消除疲劳应力的方法bare area 裸露面积bare cable 裸电缆bare contract 不附担保合同bare electrode 裸焊条bare engine 没有任何辅助设备的发动机bare hole 无套管的井；裸眼bare land 原野bare pipe-line 裸管路bare possibility 缺乏可能性bare string 光管柱bare tank 裸罐bare weight 空重bare well 裸井bare wire arc welding 光丝弧焊bare 赤裸裸的bare-barrel drum 光滚筒bareboat charter 租船bared pipe 裸管barefoot charter 海上钻井设备出租barefoot completion 裸眼完井barefoot interval 裸眼井段barefoot well 裸眼井barefoot 裸眼barffing 过热蒸汽法氧化bargain price 处理价格bargain 讨价还价bargainee 买主bargaining power 议价能力bargaining tariff 互惠协定关税bargaining 讨价还价bargainor 卖主barge crane 浮式起重机barge drilling 驳船钻井barge price 驳船价barge rig 驳船式钻井装置barge unit 钻井驳船；船载装置barge workover rig 驳船修井设备barge 平底船barge-mounted 船装的barging 驳船运输baria 重晶石barie 巴列barilla 苏打灰baring 剥离；盖层barion 激子barite cement 重晶石水泥barite dollar 饼状重晶石结核barite mud 重晶石泥浆barite plug 重晶石塞barite slurry 重晶石浆barite 重晶石barite-weighted mud 重晶石加重泥浆baritic rock 重晶石岩baritic 重晶石的barium based grease 钡基润滑脂barium bichromate 重铬酸钡barium carbonate 碳酸钡barium chloride 氯化钡barium dichromate 重铬酸钡barium diisopropyl salicylate 二异丙基水杨酸钡barium dinonyl napthalene sulphonate 二壬基萘磺酸钡盐barium dioxide 过氧化钡barium glass 钡玻璃barium hydrate 氢氧化钡barium iodide 碘化钡barium ion 钡离子barium monoxide 氧化钡barium nitrate 硝酸钡barium nitrite 亚硝酸钡barium oxide 氧化钡barium sulfate scale 硫酸钡垢barium sulphate 硫酸钡barium sulphide 硫化钡barium titanate 钛酸钡barium 钡bark press 压皮机bark 茎皮barkan 新月形沙丘barker 气鸣器barkevikite 铁角闪石barkhan chain 新月形沙丘链Barkhausen noise 巴克豪森噪声barley 大麦barm 酵母；发酵泡沫barman 用撬杠撬管子的工人barmodotron 毫米波振荡管barn 谷仓；车库；靶barnaby 井下闪烁计数器barnacle 藤壶barney 推进式船；推送机车；平衡锤barnyard 谷仓旁空地baro- 重量；气压baroceptor 气压传感器barodynamics 重结构力学barogram 气压记录图barograph 气压仪Baroid wall-building test instrument 泥浆造壁能力试验仪baroid 取心时加入泥浆之重晶石与水凝胶barology 重力论barometer altitude 气压高度barometer 气压计barometric altimeter 气压高度计。

流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocit波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity运动粘性kinematic viscosity动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation湍流分离turbulent separation分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness位移厚度displacement thickness动量厚度momentum thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method,PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation differences cheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates [自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor放大矩阵amplification matrix阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method。

中英文专业名词对照一画一维流动 One-dimensional Flow二画二维流动 Two-dimensional Flow三画大气压 Atmospheric Pressure定理 The Theorem上临界流速 Upper Critical Velocity下临界流速 Lower Critical Velocity三维流动 Three-dimensional Flow马赫数 Mach Number上举力 UpIift 上涌带 Zone of Wave Set-up四画升力 Lift升力系数 Coefficient of Lift水力半径 Hydraulic Radius水力坡度 Energy Gradient水击 Water-hammer直接水击 Rapid Closure间接水击 Slow Closure水击联锁方程 Interlocking Equation水头 Head压强水头 Pressure Head位置水头 E1evation Head作用水头 Acting Head总水头 Total Head测压管水头 Piezometric Head流速水头 Velocity Head惯性水头Acceleration Head水头线 Head Line总水头线 Total Head Line测压管水头线 Piezometric Head Line水头损失 Head Loss沿程水头损失 Frictional Head Loss沿程水头损失系数 Frictional Loss Factor局部水头损失 Local Head Loss局部水头损失系数 Local Loss Coefficient水轮机 Hydraulic Turbine水泵 Hydraulic Pump分子扩散 Mo1ecular Diffusion分子扩散系数 Coefficient of Molecular Diffusion 分离点 Point of Separation分散(离散) Dispersion内区 Inner Region内摩擦力 Internal Frictional Force比压计(压差计) Differential Gauge切应力 Shear Stress粘滞切应力 Viscous Shear Stress紊流附加切应力（雷诺应力） Reyno1ds Stress切应力系数 Coefficient of Shearing Stress毛细作用 Capillarity中性稳定曲线 Curve of Neutral Stability牛顿内摩擦定律 Newton's Law of Viscosity牛顿流体 Newtonian F1uid牛顿数 Newton Number文透里管 Venturi Meter无量纲数 Dimensionless Number无滑动条件 No Slip Condition井Well完全井 Completely Penetrating Well非完全井 Partially Penetrating Well自流井 Artesian Well井群 Multiple—well水力最优断面 Best Hydraulic Cross Section水电比拟 Electro—hydrodynamic Analogue水面线分桥 Analysis of Flow Profile水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile人工渠槽水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile in Artificial Channel 天然河道水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile in Natural Channel分段法 The Standard Step Method数值积分法 The Graphical —intergration Method 水力指数法 The Direct一intergration Method水流强度参数 Flow Function Intensity of Shear on Particles 水跃 Hydraulic Jump自由水跃 Free Jump远驱水跃 Remote Jump临界水跃 Undular Hydraulic Jump临界水跃 Critical Jump弱水跃 weak Jump淹没水跃 Submerged Jump斜坡水跃 Hydraulic Jump in Sloping Channels强水跃 Strong Jump稳定水跃 Steady Jump摆动水跃 Oscillating Jump水跃长度 Length of Jump水跃的共轭水深 Conjugate Depths of Hydraulic Jump水跃的表面水滚 Surface Roller of Hydraulic Jump水跃的消能效率(水跃消能系数) Efficiency of Energy dissipation byHydraulic Jump水跃的跃后水深 The Sequent Depth of Hydralic Jump水跃的跃前水深 The Initial Depth of Hydraulic Jump水跃函数 Hydraulic Jump Function水跃高度 Height of Jump水跌 Hydraulic Drop孔口出流 Orifice Flow孔隙率(度) Porosity不冲流速 Nonscouring Velocity不淤流速 Nonsilting Velocity允许流通 Permissible Velocity内在渗透率 Intrinsic Permiability毛绷管水 Capillary Water分流齿 Chute Blocks牛顿流体 Newtonian F1uid 非牛顿流体 Non—Newtonian F1uid巴赞剖面 Bazin Profile比能(断面单位能量) Specific Energy元波 E1ementary Wave无阻力的正涌浪和负涌浪Frictionless Positive and Negative Surge Waves五画汇 Sink卡门通用常数 Von Universal Constant外区 Outer Region司托克斯定律 Stokes Theorem of Vortex Motion司托克斯流动 Stokes F1ow平面上的静水总压力 Total Hydrostatic Force on P1ane Area平面势流 Two-dimensional Potential Flow平移 Translation边界层 Boundary Layer层流边界层 Laminar Boundary Layer紊流边界层 Turbulent Boundary Layer边界层方程 Boundary Layer Equation边界层分离 Separation of Boundary Layer边界层动量积分方程式 Momentum Integral Equation of Boundary Layer边界层厚度 Boundary layer Thickness加速度 Acceleration当地加速度 (时变加速度) Local Acceleration迁移加速度 (位变加速度) Convective Acceleration史密特数 Schmidt Number电算实例 Examples of Computer Solution管网电算 Computer Solution of Pipe Network水击电算 Computer Solution of Water-hammer包气带 Zone of Aeration司托克斯定律 Stokes Law布辛尼斯克方程 Boussinesg Equation平底梯形断面明槽中的水跃 Hydrau1ic Jump in Horizontal TrapezoidalChannels平底矩形断面扩散槽中的Hydraulic Jump in Horizontal Rectangular Diverging Channels 平底矩形明槽的水跃共轭水深关系式Equation of Conjugation Depth of Hydraulic Jump for HorizontalRectangular Channels平底棱柱形明槽中的水跃方程式Equation of Hydraulic Jump for Horizontal Prismatic Channels 平整(形态) F1at Bed(Plane Bed)平衡输沙 Equilibrium Transport of Sediment 不平衡输沙 Non-equilibrium Transport of Sediment边界条件 Boundary Condition自然边界条件 Natural Boundary Condition边界雷诺数 Boundary Reynolds Number正常水深 Normal Depth长波 Long Wave圣维南方程 Saint—Venant Equation六画压力中心 Center of Pressure压力体 Pressure Prism压力表 Pressure Gauge风箱式压力表 Bellows-type Pressure Gauge隔膜式压力表 Diaphragm-type Pressure Gauge弹黄式压力表 Spring—type Pressure Gauge管环式压力表 (布尔登压力表) Bourdon—type Pressure Gauge压力梯度 Pressure Gradient压应力 Compressive Stress压强 Pressure相对压强 (计示压强) Relative Pressure (Gauge Pressure) 绝对压强 Abso1ute Pressure真空压强 (负压) Vacuum Pressure (Negative Pressure)压强分布图 Pressure Distribution Diagram静水压强分布图 Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution Diagram压强场 Pressure Field压强系数 Pressure Coefficient压强势能 Potential Energy of Pressure压缩性 Compressibility动力水流 (摩阻流速、剪切流速) Fricion Velocity动水压强 Pressure in Flowing F1uid动态特性 Dynamic Characteristics动能 Kinetic Energy动能修正系数 Kinetic Energy Correction Factor动量方程 Momentum Equation动量矩方程 Moment of Momentum Equation动量修正系数 Momentum Correction Factor动量损失厚度 Momentum Thickness充分发展的紊流 Fully Developed Turbulence过水断面 Cross Section过渡层 Buffer Region自由出流 Free Discharge自由紊流 Free Turbulence自动记录 Automatic Recording毕托管 Pitot Tube有势力 Potential Force势流动 (无涡流动) Potential Flow (Irrotational Flow)有涡流动 (有旋流动) Rotational Flow曲面上的静水总压力 Total Hydrostatic Force on Curved Surface共振 Resonance扩散 Diffusion费克扩散定律Fick’s Law of Diffusion多普勒效应 Doppler Effect当量粗糙度 Equivalent Roughness传感器 Sensor光滑壁面 Smooth Wall收缩断面 Vena Contracta动力流速 Friction Velocity 动床 Movable Bed动床水力学 Fluvial Hydraulics地下水 Ground water地下水面 Groundwater Surface 地下水动力学 Groundwater Dynamics导水系数 Coefficient of Transmissibility 导水率 Transmissivity 多孔介质 Porous Medium自由出流 Free Outflow冲击波 Shock Wave冲刷坑最大水深 Maximum Water Depth in scour Pit冲泻质 wave Load各向同性 Isotropy各向异性 Anisotropy达西定律 Darcys Law有限元法 Finite E1ement Method有限差分法 Finite Difference Method有限振幅立波 Finite Amplitude Standing Wave 浅水立波 Standing Wave in Sha11ow Water深水立波 Standing Wave in Deep water有限振幅推进波 Finite Amplitude Progressive Wave浅水推进波 Progressive Wave in Shallow Water深水推进波 Progressive Wave in Deep Water有效溢流宽度 Effective width of The Spillway过渡(形态) Transition过渡段的急流 Supercritical Flow Through Transitions 过镀段的缓流 Subcritical Flow Through Transitions扩散法 Diffusive Scheme扩散系数 Diffusion Coefficient收缩断面 Vena Contracta收缩断面水深 Contractional Depth七画阻力 Drag压强阻力 (形状阻力) Pressure Drag(Form Drag)摩擦阻力 Frictional Drag阻力系数 Drag Coefficient应力张量 Stress Tensor均方根值 Root-mean-square均匀流 Uniform Flow纵向移流分散 Longitudinal Convective Dispersion运动方程 Equation of Motion一维非恒定流运动方程 One-dimensional Unsteady Flow Equation水击运动微分方程 Differential Equation for Water-hammer紊流时均的运动方程(雷诺方程) Reynolds Equation粘滞性液体的运动方程(纳维埃—司托克斯方程) Navier-Stokes Equation 理想液体的运动方程(欧拉方程) Euler Equation佛汝德数 Froude Number佛汝德相似准则 (重力相似准则) Froude Similarity Criterion攻角 Attack Angle时间平均法 Time-average Method时间平均流动 Mean Motion时均值 Time-average Value形状系数 Shape Factor表面力 Surface Force表面张力 Surface Tension表面张力系数Coefficient of Surface Tension角变形 Angular Deformation角变率 Rate of Angular Deformation角转速 Angular Velocity尾流 wake Flow层流 Laminar Flow层流翼型 Laminar Airfoil体积力 Body Force体积压缩系数 Coefficien of Volume （bulk）Compressibility体积弹性系数 Coefficien of Volume （bulk）Elasticity体积膨胀率 Rate of Volume Expansion连通管（U形管）U-tube连续介质 Continuum Medium连续方程 Continuity Equation一维恒定流连续方程 Continutiy Equation of One –dimentional Steady Flow一维非恒定流连续方程Continuity Equation of One –dimentional Unsteady Flow水击连续微分方程 Differential Continuity Equation of Water-hammer连续性微分方程 Differential Equation of Continuity时均流动的连续方程 Differential Continuity Mean Motion扩散物质的连续方程(费克扩散方程) Continuity Equation of Diffusion Substances连续扩散源 Source of Continuous Diffusion附着力Adhesion位置势能 Potential Energy of E1evation位移厚度 Displacement Thickness伯诺世方程 Bernoulli Equation伯诺坐积分 Bernoulli Integral扬程 Pump Head压水扬程 Discharge Head吸水扬程 Suction Head总扬程 Total Delivery Head纯数 Pure Number间歇现象 Intermittency含水层 Aquifer无压含水层 Unconfined Aquifer承压含水层 Confined Aquifer 含沙浓度（含沙量） Sediment Concentration 体积比浓度 Concentration by Volume 重量比浓度 Concentration by Weight 均匀流 Uniform Flow非均匀流 Non-uniform Flow均质土坝渗流 Seepage from Homogeneous Earth Dam 均质土壤 Homogeneous Soil 完全收缩 Complete Contraction 沙纹（形态） Ripple沙垄（形态） Dune床沙Bed Material床沙质Bed Material Load床面形态（沙波运动）Bed Forms(Sand Waves)时间步长Time Interval克里格尔剖面Creager Profile护坦Apron里兹法Rits Method初始条件Initial Condition两相流动Two-phase Flow佛汝德数Froude Number沉速（沉降流速）Fall Velocity(Terminal Settling Velocity)坎端水深Depth at The Brink吹程Fetch余波Swell余弦推进波Simple Harmonic Progressive Wave位移波的分类Classification of Translatory Wave深水波；浅水波Deep-water Wave；Sallow-water Wave连续波；不连续波Continuous Wave；Discontinuous Wave顺水波；逆水波Downstream Wave；Upstream Wave涨水波（正波）；落水波（负波）Positive Wave；Negative Wave 阻力Drag阻力系数Drag Coefficient压强阻力Pressure Drag形状阻力Form Drag床面阻力Bed Resistance沙波阻力（床面形态阻力）Bar Resistance沙粒阻力Grain Resistance表面阻力Skin Resistance岸壁阻力Bank Resistance摩擦阻力Friction Force八画空化，空穴Cavitation空穴数Cavitation Number初生空穴数Incipient Cavitation Number空蚀Cavitation Damage非均匀流Non-uniform Flow急变流Rapidly Varied F1ow渐变流Gradually Varied F1ow非恒定流Unsteady Flow波动方程Wave Equation波速Velocity of Wave Propagation表现扩散系数Coefficient of Apparent Diffusion单位Unit工程单位制Unit System of Engineering国际单位制(SI) Systéme Internationale d’Unites单位换算Conversion of Units真值Real Value线变形Linear Deformation线变率Rate of Linear Deformation拐点Point of Inflexion驻点(滞止点) Stagnation Point定倾中心Metacenter拉格朗日法Lagrangian Method拉普拉斯方程Laplace Equation势流叠加原理Superposition Principle of Potential Flow泊肃叶流动Poiseuille Flow阿基米德原理Archimedes Principe环量Circulation质量力Mass Force闸下出流Outflow under Gates闸孔非恒定出流Unsteady Outflow of Sluice Gate 闸孔恒定出流Steady Outflow of Sluice Gate闸孔净宽Clear Span of The Gate between Piers 闸前水头Approach Head before Sluice闸墩收缩系数Coefficient of Pier Contraction降水曲线Falling Curve波长Wave Length波节Wave Node波压强Wave Pressure净波压强Net Wave Pressure波谷Wave Valley波周期Period of Wave波的反射Reflection波的传播Wave Propagation波的折射Inflection波的破碎Breaking of Wave波的绕射Diffraction波的爬高Wave Run-up波陡Wave Steepness波能Wave Energy波高Wave Height波速Wave Speed波浪中线Midwater Level of Wave波浪要素Wave Elements波峰Wave Grest波锋（波额、波前）Wave Front波群 Wave Group波群速 Wave Group Velocity波腹 Wave Loop表面张力波 Capillary Wave势波 Potential Wave势波的叠加 Superposition of Potential Wave孤立波 Solitary Wave岩石河床的抗冲系数 Anti-scour Coefficient of Rock Bed承压水 Confined Water定床 Fixed Bed定床水力学 Rigid Boundary Hydraulics泥沙的起动 Initiation of Motion of Sediment 侧收缩系数 Coefficient of Side Contraction 非均质土壤 Nonhomogeneous Soil非恒定流连续方程 Equation of Continuity for Unsteady Flow 非恒定急变流 Unsteady Rapidly Varied Flow非恒定渐变流 Unsteady Gradually Varied Flow非恒定渐变流动的运动方程 Dynamic Equation for Unsteady Gradually Varied Flow非粘性泥沙 Non—cohesive Sediment非饱和带 Unsaturated Zone饱和带 Saturated Zone明槽中的非恒定流动 Unsteady FIow in open Channels 明槽急变流 Rapidly Varied Flow in Open Channels 明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 The Basic Equation of Steady Gradually Varied Flow明槽掺气水流 Self—Aerated Open Channel Flow 底流型消能 Energy Dissipation by Hydraulic Jump面流型消能 Energy Dissipation of Surface Regime拉格朗日连续方程 Lagrangian Equation of Continuity拉格朗日运动方程 Lagrangian Equation of Motion拉普拉斯方程 Laplace Equation质量系数 Coefficient of Mass 变分原理 Variational Principle 底坡（槽底纵坡） Slope of Channel Bed 陡坡（急坡） Steep Slope临界坡 Critical Slope缓坡 Mild Slope九画相 Phase相对平衡 Relative Equilibrium相对粗糙度 Relative Roughness相似条件 Similarity Condition几何相似 Geometric Similarity动力相似Dynamic Similarity运动相似 Kinematic Similarity相似原理 Theory of Similarity相似准则 Similarity Criterion压力相似准则 Pressure Force Similarity Criterion表面张力相似准则 Surface Tension Similarity Criterion 重力相似准则 Gravity Force Similarity Criterion弹性力相似准则 E1asticity Force Similarity Criterion惯性力相似准则 Inertia Force Similarity Criterion粘滞力相似准则 Viscosity Force Similarity Criterion相似准数 Similarity Criterion Number氢气泡法 Hydrogen Bubble Technique总流 Total Flow指示部分 Indicating Component脉动 F1uctuation脉动值 Fluctuating Value转动 Rotation转捩点 Transition Point诱导流速 Induced Velocity柯西数 Cauchy Number柯西一黎曼条件 Cauchy-Riemann Conditions柯埃梯流动 Couette Flow测压管 Piezometer测针 Point Gauge虹吸管 Siphon Pipe欧拉方程 Euler Equation欧拉法 Eulerian Method欧拉积分 Euler Integral欧拉数 Euler Number恒定流 Steady Flow恒定势流的能量方程 Energy Equation of Steady Potential Flow重度(容重) Specific Weight复势 Complex Potential误差 Error系统误差 Systematic Error相对误差 Relative Error绝对误差 Absolute Error偶然误差 Random Error绝壁物体 Bluff Body重力水 Gravitational Water 贮水系数 Storage Coefficient 显式网格 Network for The Explicit Method 逆行沙浪 Anti—dunes(Moving Upstream) 顺行沙浪 Anti一dunes(Moving Downstream)费克定律Fick’s Law 相角 Phase挟沙水流 Sediment—1aden Flow挟沙能力 Carrying Capacity垂直收缩系数 Coefficient of Vertical Contraction急变流 Rapidly Varied Flow急变流的断面单位能量 Specific Energy of Rapidly Varied Flow急流 Supercritical Flow急流弯段水流 Supercritical Flow in Curved Channel恒定流 Steady Flow非恒定流 Unsteady F1ow恒定渗流 Steady Seepage Flow恒定降深 Constant Drawdown重度 Specific Weight临界水深 Critical Depth临界流 Critical Flow临界流速 Critical Velocity挑流的冲刷系数 Coefficient of Scour for Jet Erosion 挑流型消能 Energy Dissipation of Ski—jump Type by Trajectory Buckets挑流射程 Horizontal Distance of the Jet Trajectory建筑物出流的流速系数 Coefficient of Velocity for Discharge from OutletWorks齿槛 Dentated Sill十画浮力 Buoyant Force浮心 Centerof Buoyancy浮体 Floating Body钽丝水位计 Tantalum-wire Level Gauge调节器 Regulator调压井 Surge Chamber(Tank)紊动扩散 Turbulent Diffusion紊动扩散系数 Coefficient of Turbulent Diffusion紊流 Turbulent F1ow紊流光滑区 Hydraulically Smooth Region Of Turbulent Flow紊流过渡区 Transition Region of Turbulent Flow紊流粗糙区 Completely Rough Region of Turbulent Flow紊流扩散基本方程 Fundamental Equation of Turbulent Diffusion 紊流的半经验理论 Semi-empirical Theories of Turbulence紊流强度 Intensity of Turbulence流场 Flow Fie1d流网 Flow Net流动型态 Type of Flow流线 Streamline流线型体 Streamline Body流函数Stream Function流速分布的相似性 Similarity of Velocity Profiles流速仪 Current Meter热丝流速仪 Hot-wire Anemometer热膜流速仪 Hot-film Amemometer )旋浆流速仪 Rotor-type Current Meter激光测速仪 Laser-Doppler Anemometer流速场 Velocity Field流速势 Velocity Potential流速系数 Coefficient Of Velocity流量 Discharge(Rate of Flow)单宽流量 Discharge per Unit Width流量系数 Coefficient of Discharge流量模数 Modulus of Discharge流管 Stream Tube圆柱绕流 Flow Around a cylinder速度 Velocity相对速度 Relative Velocity绝对速度 Abso1ute Velocity牵连速度 Velocity of Following特征线法 Method of Characteristics原型 Prototype基准面 Datum Plane射流 Jets平面射流 P1ane Jets自由射流 Free Jets紊动射流 Tubulent Jets圆形断面射流（轴对称射流) Round Jets淹没射流 Submerged Jets射流的主体段 Fully Established Zone of Jet Flow射流的扩散角 Spread Angle of the Jet射流的初始段 Initial Zone of Flow EstabliShment of Jet射流源 Source of the Jet能量方程 Energy Equation能量损失厚度 Energy Thickness流量计 F1ow Meter电磁流量计 Magnetic F1ow—meter孔板流量计 Orif ice Meter浮子流量计 F1oat-type Current Meter涡轮流量计 Turbine F1ow—meter宾汉流体 Bingham F1uid流网 Flow Net流速系数 Coefficient of Velocity流速势 Velocity Potential流量系数 Coefficient of Discharge流量模数 Modulus of Discharge紊动附加应力(雷诺应力) Turbulence (Reynolds Stresses)起动流速 Critical Velocity特征线 Characteristic Line 顺特征方向 Forward(Positive)Characteristic Direction 逆特征方向 Backward(Negative) Characteristic Direction 特征线法 Method of characteristics消能池(消力池，静水池) stilling Basins消能戽(消力戽) Roller Buckets消能墩(消力墩) Baffle Piers 消能墙 Baffle Wall浸润线 Line of Seepage(Deppresion Line) 涡街 Vortex Street 泰斯方程Theis Equation破碎带 Zone of Wave Breaking海漫 Riprap十一画剪切流动 Shear F1ow剪切变形 Shear Strain曼宁公式 Manning Formula混合长度 Mixing Length混掺 Mixing淹没出流 Submerged Discharge液体的平衡微分方程 Differential Equation of Liquid Equilibium液体振荡 Oscillation of Liquid密度 Density偶极 Doublet惯性 Inertia惯性力 Incrtia Force弹性 E1asticity弹性波 E1astic Wave断面平均流速 Mean Velocity粘性底层 Viscous Sublayer粘性底层的名义厚度 Nominal Thickness of the Viscous Sublayer粘滞性 Viscosity粘滞系数 Coefficient of Viscosity运动粘滞系数 (运动粘度) Coefficient of Kinematic Viscosity动力粘滞系数 Coefficient of Dynamic Viscosity旋涡 Vortex组合涡 Combined Vortex线涡 Line Vortex势涡 Potential Vortex强迫旋涡 Forced Vortex自由旋涡 Free Vortex移流分散系数 Coefficient of Convective Dispersion理想液体 Ideal Liquid粗糙 Roughness粗糙度 Roughness粗糙系数(糙率) Coefficient of Roughness粗糙雷诺数 Reyno1ds Number of Roughness粗糙壁面 Rough Wall掺气浓度(含气比) Air Concentration 曼宁公式 Manning Formula隐式网络 Network for the Implicit Method 混合长度 Mixing Length跃后段长度 Length of the Region for TurbulenceDissipation behind a Hydraulic Jump 偏折水流(折冲水流) Deflected Stream淹没出流 Submerged OutfIow淹没系数 Coefficient of Submergence淹没条件 Submerged Condition辅助消能工 Stilling- basin Appurtenance 粘性底层 Viscous Sublayer粘性泥沙 Cohesive Sediment弹性贮存 E1astic Storage惯性力 Inertial Force控制断面 Control Section控制水深 Control Depth涵洞过流 Flow Through Culvert 明流(无压流动) Open Flow半满流(半有压流) Partly Full Flow 满流(有压流) Full F1ow自由进流 Free Inflow淹没进流 Submerged Inflow断面环流 Secondary Flow in the Plane of Cross Section 断面突变的明流 Flow Through Sudden Transition淤积 Deposition渗流 Seepage Flow(Filtration) 急变渗流 Rapidly Varied Seepage Flow渐变渗流 Gradually Varied Seepage Flow非均匀渗流 Nonuniform Seepage Flow非位定渗流 Unsteady Seepage Flow河渠渗流 Seepage from Channel and Canal渗流的运动方程 Equation of Motion of Seepage Flow 渗流的连续方程 Equation of Continuity of Seepage Flow 渗流压力 Seepage Pressure渗透系数 Coefficient of Permeability渗透流速 Seepage Velocity推移力 Tractive Force 临界推移力 Critical Tractive Force 推移质 Bed Load推移质运动强度 Intensity of Transport 悬移质 Suspended Load粗糙系数 Coefficient of Roughness 天然河道的粗糙系数 Coefficient of Roughness of Natural River 综合粗糙系数 Coefficient of Composite Roughness十二画谢才公式 Chézy Formula谢才系数 Chézy Coefficient量水堰 Weir量水槽 Flow-measurring F1ume量纲 Dimension基本量纲 Fundamental Dimension诱导量纲 Derived Dimension量纲分析 Dimensional Analysis量纲和谐原理 Theory of Dimensional Homogeneity等压面 Equipressure Surface等势线 Equipotential Lines湿周 Wetted Perimeter涡线 Vortex Line涡环 Vortex Ring涡通量 Vortex Flux涡街 Vortex Street涡粘性系数 Coefficient of Eddy Viscosity涡量(旋度) Vorticity涡管 Vortex Tube斯特罗哈数 Stroulhal Number普朗特数 Prandtl Number散度 Divergence谢才公式 Chezy Formula谢才系数 Chezy Coefficient跃水消能池 Drop-structure Stilling Basins 溃坝波 Dam—break Wave蛙步法 Leap Frog Scheme趋近流速 Approach Velocity趋近流速水头 Approach Velocity Head缓流 Subcritical Flow缓流弯段水流 Subcritical Flow in Curved Channel 期特利克勒公式 Strickler Formula插值函数 Interpolation Function距离步长 Distance Interval短管出流 Efflex from short Tube短波 Short Wave十三画源 Source雷诺应力 Reyno1ds Stress雷诺数 Reyno1ds Number临界雷诺数 Critical Reyno1ds Number雷诺相似准则 Reyno1ds Similarity Criterion雷列法Rayleigh’s Method迹线 Path Line跟踪水位计 Tracking—type Level Gauge堰Weir 三角形薄壁堰 Triangu1ar Sharp-crested Weir薄壁堰 Sharp crested weir 低溢流堰 Low Spillway驼峰堰Camel’s Hump Weir矩形薄壁堰 Rectangular Sharp—crested Weir 梯形剖面堰 Trapezoidal Profile Weir 高溢流堰 High Spillway 宽项堰 Broad-crested WeirWES标准剖面堰 WES—Standard Spillway Shapes堰上水头 Head on Crest堰上总水头 Total Head on Crest堰顶溢流 Overflow Weir堰高 Weir Height裘布衣公式 Dupit Formula输沙率 Transport Rate 微波 Small Amplitude Wave 棱柱形槽 Prismatic Channel 非棱柱形槽 Non—Prismatic 溢流水舌 Overflow Nappe 自由溢流 Free Overflow淹没溢流 Submerged Overflow奥基剖面 Ogee Profile十四画管网 Pipe Network分枝管网 Branthing Pipes环状管网 Looping Pipes管流Pipe Flow长管 Long Pipe并联管道 Pipes in Parallel串联管道 Pipes in Series沿程均匀泄流 Pipe with Uniform管道 Discharge along the Line短管 Short Tube静水压强 Hydrostatic Pressure Intensity静止液体基本方程 Basic Equation of Hydrostatics静态特性 Static Characteristics蒸汽压强 Vapor Pressure精度 Precision稳定性 Stability数据处理 Data Processing颗粒直径(粒径) Grain Diameter 中值粒径Median Diameter 平均粒径 Mean Diameter 沉降粒径 Sedimentation Diameter 筛孔粒径 Sieve Diameter 等容粒径 Nominal Diameter 管咀出流 Nozzle Effex十五画潜体 Submerged Body模型 Model模型比尺 Model Scale长度比尺 Length Scale加速度比尺 Acceleration Scale时间比尺 Time Scale作用力比尺 Force Scale速度比尺 Velocity Sca1e流量比尺 Discharge Scale模型试验 Model Experiment壅水曲线 Backwater Curve(Rising Curve) 横向水面超高 Superelevation影响半径 Radius of Influence十六画薄膜水 Pellicular Water 薄壁小孔口 Sharp Edged Orifice十七画瞬时扩散源 Source of Instantaneous Diffition瞬时流速 Instantaneous Velocity瞬时值 Instantaneous Value翼型 Airfoil螺旋流 Spiral Flow十八画瞬态法 The Method of Finite Increments 二十画蠕动Creep Motion附录二水力学名人简介三画～四画文透里(文丘里) Abbe Giovansi Battista Venturi，1746～1822,意大利工程师、物理学家韦伯 Moritz Weber 1871～1951德国造船技师，船舶力学(Naval mecha-nics)教授切尔托乌索夫М.л.Чертоусов1892～1960苏联技术科学博士，水力学家戈达 Y．Goda厄塞尔 F．Ursell厄里瓦托斯基 E．A．Elevatorski牛顿 (Sir)Isaac Newton 1642～1727，英国数学家，物理学家，剑桥大学教授乌根秋斯А．А．Угинчус(1899～1972)苏联水力学家巴斯加(帕斯卡) Blaise Pascal l623～1662，法国数学家，物理学家，哲学家巴赞(巴青) Henri Emile Bazin 1829～1917，法国工程师巴甫洛夫斯基 HикодайНиколаевичПавдовский1884～1937,苏联科学院院士，水力学及流体力学家巴克米特夫 Boris Alexandrovitch Bakhmeteff l880～1952 俄国教授，水力学家，哥伦比亚大学教授五画～六画兰姆 Sir Horace Lamb 1849～1934，英国应用数学家，地球物理学家艾黎 Sir George Biddle Airy l801—1892，潮汐与波浪力学专家艾斯考弗 Francis F．Escoffier布拉休斯 Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius 1883～1970,德国工程师，水力学家布辛涅斯克 Joseph Valentin Boussinesq l842—1929，法国数学家，力学家及理论物理学家卡曼 Theodore von Kármán 1881～1963匈牙利工程师，德国教授，空气动力学家，美国工程师，水动力学及紊流力学专家白金汉 Edgar Buckingham 1867～1940，美国物理学家丘加耶夫 P．P．Чугаев l904—1981，苏联水力学家尼古拉兹 Johann Nikuradse 1894～，德国工程师圣·维南 Jean-Claude Barré de Saint-Venant l797～1866，法国工程师，水力学及弹性力学专家圣福鲁 G．Sainflou佛汝德 William Froude 1810～1879，英国工程师(造船技师)弗朗西斯 James Bicheno Francis l815—1892，美国工程师司处利克勒 A.Strickler汤姆逊 Professor James Thomson 英国水力学家齐恩 A．K．Jain印度流体力学家达·芬奇 Leonarde da Vinci l452—1519，意大利美术家，科学家及工程师达兰贝尔 Jean le Rond d´Alembert 1717～1783，法国数学家，哲学家达西 Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy 1803～1858，法国工程师毕托 Menri d Pitot l695～1771，法国工程师，发明家刚吉勒 Emile Oscar Ganguillet 1818—1894, 瑞士工程师伊本 Arthur Thomas Ippen l907—1974，双亲是德国人，生于伦敦，受教育于Aachen(德国)，1932到美国Iowa市，水力学家伊兹巴什C．B．Избаш七画沙特克维奇A．A．Саткевич沙乌缅·B．A．Шаумян1908～1964沙玉清1907．4～1966．10；泥沙专家沙莫夫Г．И．Кузьмин沈学文Hsien Wen Shen 1931～美籍华人，泥沙专家库特Wilhelm Rudolph Kutter 1818～1888，瑞士工程师库兹明И．A．Кузьмин杜比Arsene Jumes Emile Juvenal Dupuit 1804～1866 法国工程师，水力学家及经济学家坎莱根Garbis Hovannes Keulegan 1890～，美泥沙专家克兰(恩) Stephen Jay Kline 1922～，美流体力学家克里格William P．Creager 美垦务局工程师克希荷夫Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824～1887，德国物理学家别兰格Jean-Baptiste-Charles Belanger or J．B．Belanger 1790(或1789)～1874 法国水力学家别列津斯基A．P．Верзинекий伯诺里Daniel Bernoulli 1700～1782，瑞士物理学家，数学家伽利略Galileo Galilei 1564～1642，意大利物理学家及天文学家希尔兹Albert Frank Shields 1908～1974，原为俄亥俄(美国)人，1933年作为交换学者到柏林，研究推移质运动阿基米德Archimedes 287～212 B．C., 希腊哲学家，物理学家阿格罗斯金И．И．Ароскин1900～1968，苏联水力学家，技术科学博士阿列维Lorenzo Allievi 1856～1941(或1942)，意大利水力学家阿勉Michael Amein纳维埃Louis Marie Henri Navier 1785～1836, 法国工程师纳格勒Floyd August Nagler 1892～1933，美国水力学家八画波达波夫M．B．Потапов1887～1949，苏联河流动力学及迳流调节专家泊肖(或瑟)叶Jean Louis Poiseuille 1799—1869，法国物理学家拉格朗日Joseph Louis Lagrange 1736～1813，法国数学家及天文学家拉普拉斯Pierre Simon Laplace or Marquis de Laplace l749—1827 法国数学家及天文学家拉克斯P．D．Lax拉哈曼诺夫К．И．Рахманов1900～范诺尼Vito August Vanoni 1904～，美国泥沙专家欧拉Leonhard Euler 1707～1783，瑞士数学家及物理学家欧姆Georg Simon Ohm 1787～1854，德国物理学家英格隆F．Engelund罗辛斯基К．И．Россинский金Horace Williams King (or Horace King) 1874～1951, 美国水力学家，工程师九画茹可夫斯基НиколайЕгоривичЖуковский1847～1921,苏联水力学家、流体力学家胡克Robert Hook 1635～1703，英国实验主义哲学家、物理学家柯朗Richard Courant 1888～1972，美国数学家，Gottingen教授，1934年到美国，New York大学教授柯西Baron Augustin Louis de Cauchy 1789～1857，法国数学家柯瓦兹勒L．S．G．Kovasznay柯列布鲁克C．F．Colebrook哈密顿William Rowan Hamilton 1805～1865，英数学家，物理学家哈根Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen，德国水利工程师费克A．Fick十画～十一画高斯Karl Friedrich Gauss 1777～1855，法国数学家，物理学家及天文学家宾汉(宾厄姆) Eugene Cook Bingham 1878—1945，美国化学家，流变学(Rhelogy)的奠基人唐存本泰勒Brook Taylor 1685～1731，英国数学家栗原道德钱宁1922—1986，泥沙专家，教授爱因斯坦Hans Albert Einstein 1904～1973，河流动力学及泥沙专家爱格利Hegly梅叶—彼特Euegène Meyer-Peter 1883～，瑞士泥沙专家曼宁Robert Manning 1816～1897，爱尔兰工程师维杰尔尼可夫B．B．Ведерников1904～1980，苏联水力学家。

1.泡流：井筒压力稍低于饱和压力时，溶解气开始从油中分离出来，气体都以小气泡分散在液相中。

特点：气体是分散相，液体是连续相；气体重要影响混合物密度，对摩擦阻力影响不大；滑脱现象比较严重。

段塞流：当混合物继续向上流动，压力逐渐减少，气体不断膨胀，小气泡将合并成大气泡，直到可以占据整个油管断面时，井筒内将形成一段液一段气的结构。

特点：气体呈分散相，液体呈连续相；一段气一段液交替出现；气体膨胀能得到较好的运用；滑脱损失变小；摩擦损失变大。

环流：油管中心是连续的气流而管壁为油环的流动结构。

特点：气液两相都是连续相；气体举油作用重要是靠摩擦携带；摩擦损失变大。

雾流：气体的体积流量增长到足够大时，油管中内流动的气流芯子将变得很粗，沿管壁流动的油环变得很薄，绝大部分油以小油滴分散在气流中。

特点：气体是连续相，液体是分散相；气体以很高的速度携带液滴喷出井口；气、液之间的相对运动速度很小；气相是整个流动的控制因素。

2.滑脱现象： 混合流体流动过程中，由于流体间的密度差异，引起的小密度流体流速大于大密度流体流速的现象。

滑脱速度：气相流速与液相流速之差。

3.由于多相管流中每相流体影响流动的物理参数(密度、粘度等)及混合物密度和流速都随压力和温度而变，沿程压力梯度并不是常数，因此，多相管流需要分段计算；同时，要先求得相应段的流体性质参数，然而，这些参数又是压力和温度的函数，压力却又是计算中需规定得的未知数。

所以，多相管流通常采用迭代法进行计算。

4.按深度增量迭代的环节①已知任一点(井口或井底)的压力作为起点，任选一个合适的压力降作为计算的压力间隔∆p (0.5 ～1.0MPa)。

②估计一个相应的深度增量∆h 估计，计算与之相应的温度③计算该管段的平均温度及平均压力，并拟定流体性质参数④计算该段的压力梯度dp/dh 。

⑤计算相应于的该段管长(深度差)∆h 计算。

⑦计算该段下端相应的深度及压力。

⑧以计算段下端压力为起点，反复②～⑦步，计算下一段的深度和压力，直到各段的累加深度等于管长为止。

fabrication 制造facility 设施facility attachment 设施附属文件facility practice 设施实行facility safeguards approach 设施的保障监督方法factor 系数factor of porosity 孔隙率factor of stress concentration 应力集中因数fading 阻尼fail safe instrument 故障时安全运行的仪器fail safe operation 安全运行failed can detection 破损燃料探测failed element 破损元件failed element indicator 破损元件指示器failed element monitor 破损元件监测器failed fuel detection 破损燃料探测failed fuel detection and location 破损燃料探测和定位failed fuel detector 破损燃料探测器failsafe 故障自动保险的failure checking 故障检查failure free operation 无故障运行failure mode 故障种类failure of parity conservation 宇称守恒的破坏failure prediction 故障预测fall back 回落fall out 放射性沉降fall time 下降时间falling stream method 降哩fallout density 放射性沉降物密度fallout monitoring 沉降物监测fallout particle 沉降粒子fallout pattern 沉降物分布型式fallout radioactive material 放射性沉降物fallout sampling network 沉降物取样网fallout shelter 沉降物掩蔽所false alarm probability 假报警几率false curvature 假曲率false scram 错误信号紧急停堆family 系fano's theorem 法诺定理far field 远场far infra red radiation 远红外辐射far ultraviolet radiation 远紫外辐射farad 法拉faraday cage 法拉第笼faraday constant 法拉第常数faraday cup 法拉第笼farvitron 线振质谱仪fast acting control rod 快动棕制棒fast advantage factor 快中子有利因子fast amplifier 宽频带放大器fast and thermal reactor burnup computer code 快和热反应堆燃耗计算机代码fast breeder 快中子增殖反应堆fast breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆fast burst reactor 快中子脉冲反应堆fast burst reactor facility 快中子脉冲反应堆装置fast ceramic reactor 陶瓷燃料快堆fast chamber 快速电离室fast chopper 快中子选择器fast coincidence 快符合fast coincidence unit 快符合单元fast compression cloud chamber 快压缩云室fast conversion 快中子转换fast cosmic ray neutron 宇宙射线的快中子fast critical assembly 快中子临界装置fast cross section 快中子截面fast detector 快速探测器fast effect 快中子倍增效应fast electron 快电子fast exponential experiment 快中子指数实验装置fast fission 快中子裂变fast fission effect factor 快中子裂变效应系数fast fission region 快中子裂变区fast fissionability 快中子致裂变性fast flux 快中子通量fast flux test facility 快中子通量试验装置fast fragment 快碎片fast killing dose 快速杀伤剂量fast leakage factor 快中子泄漏因子fast mean free path 快中子平均自由程fast medium 快中子介质fast multiplication effect 快中子倍增效应fast multiplication factor 快中子倍增因子fast neutron 快中子fast neutron activation method 快中子活化法fast neutron breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆fast neutron breeding 快中子增殖fast neutron calibration 快中子刻度fast neutron collimator 快中子准直器fast neutron counter tube 快中子计数管fast neutron cycle 快中子增殖循环fast neutron detector 快中子探测器fast neutron diffusion length 快中子扩散长度fast neutron dose equivalent 快中子剂量当量fast neutron dosimeter 快中子剂量计fast neutron fission cross section 快中子裂变截面fast neutron fission increase rate 快中子裂变增加率fast neutron fluence 快中子积分通量fast neutron generator 快中子发生器fast neutron non leakage probability 快中子不泄漏几率fast neutron range 快中子区fast neutron reaction 快中子反应fast neutron reactor 快中子裂变反应堆fast neutron selector 快中子选择器fast neutron spectrometer 快中子谱仪fast plutonium reactor 快中子钚反应堆fast radiochemistry 快速放射化学fast reaction 快速核反应fast reactor 快中子裂变反应堆fast reactor core test facility 快堆堆芯试验装置fast reactor physics 快速反应堆物理学fast reactor test assembly 快堆试验装置fast reactor thermal engineering facility 快堆热工程研究设施fast region 快中子区fast setback 迅速下降fast slow coincidence circuit 快慢符合电路fast sub critical assembly 快中子次临界装置fast test reactor 快中子试验反应堆fast thermal coupled reactor 快热耦合反应堆fast zero power reactor 快中子零功率反应堆fatal dose 致命剂量fatalities 死亡事故fatigue 疲劳fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue limit 疲劳极限fatigue test 疲劳试验fault 故障faulted condition 损伤状态faulty fuel assembly 破损燃料组件favorable geometry 有利几何条件fb 快中子增殖反应堆fcc 核燃料循环成本fcf 核燃料循环设施feather analysis 费塞分析feather's empirical formula 费瑟经验公式feather's rule 费瑟规则feed 供给feed adjustment tank 进料蝶槽feed end 加料端feed material 给料物质feed plant 核燃料生产工厂feed pump 给水泵feed stage 给料段feed water 给水feed water control system 给水控制系统feedback 反馈feedback circuit 反馈回路feedback control 反馈控制feedback loop 反馈回路feedback ratio 反馈比feedback signal 反馈信号feedwater equipment 给水设备feedwater flow control 给水量控制ferganite 水钒铀矿fermat's principle 费马原理fermi 费米fermi acceleration 费米加速fermi age 费米年龄fermi age equation 费米年龄方程fermi age theory 费米年龄理论fermi beta decay theory 费米衰变理论fermi characteristic energy level 费米能级fermi constant 费米常数fermi dirac gas 费米狄拉克气体fermi dirac statistics 费米狄拉克统计学fermi distribution 费米分布fermi distribution function 费米狄拉克分布函数fermi energy 费米能级fermi function 费米函数fermi gas 费米气体fermi gas model 费米气体模型fermi interaction 费米相互酌fermi intercept 散射长度fermi level 费米能级fermi limit 费米能级fermi particle 费米子fermi perturbation 费米微扰fermi plot 费米线图fermi potential 费米势fermi reactor 费米中子反应堆fermi resonance 费米共振fermi selection rules 费米选择定则fermi spectrum 费米谱fermi statistics 费米统计fermi surface 费米面fermi temperature 费米温度fermi theory of cosmic ray acceleration 费米宇宙射线加速理论fermi transition 费米跃迁fermi's golden rule 费米黄金法则fermion 费米子fermium 镄ferquency response 频率特性ferric 正铁的ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性ferrite 铁素体ferro resonance 铁磁共振ferroelectric material 铁电物质ferromagnet 铁磁材料ferromagnetic material 铁磁性材料ferromagnetic substance 铁磁性材料ferromagnetism 铁磁性ferrosilicon 硅铁ferrothorite 铁钍石ferrouranothorite 铁铀钍石ferrous 亚铁的ferrous sulfate dosimeter 硫酸亚铁剂量计fertile 可转换的fertile absorber 可转换的吸收体fertile element 再生元素fertile fuel 增殖性燃料feynman diagram 费因曼图feynman positon theory 费因曼正电子理论fhm 换料机fiber electrometer 悬丝静电计fiberglass 玻璃纤维fibre electrometer 悬丝静电计fick's law 菲克定律fictitious binding energy 虚结合能fictitious spin quantum number 假想自旋量子数field 场field coil 励磁线圈field current 励磁电流field disposal 野外处置field distribution 场分布field emission 自动电子放射field emission counter 场致发射计数管field emission electron microscope 场致发射电子显微镜field emitted electron 场致发射电子field intensity 场强field ion emission 场致离子发射field of forces 力场field particle 场粒子field pattern 力线field quantum 场量子field strength 场强field theory 场论field use 野外利用fieldless 无场的fifty percent survival time 百分之五十存活时间figure 图形filament 丝filament battery a电池组filament cuurent 灯丝电流filament electrometer 悬丝静电计filled band 填充区域filled level 充满能级filled shell 满壳层filler 填充料filling 装填filling material 填充料film 薄层film boiling 膜态沸腾film coefficient 膜系数film dosimeter 胶片剂量计film dosimetry 胶片剂量测定法film illuminator 底片观察灯film marker 胶片标志体film ring 胶片指环剂量计filter 过滤器filter aid 助滤剂filter bed 过虑床filter cake 滤饼filter cloth 滤布filter house 过滤部filter medium 过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter thickness 过滤岂度filtering 过滤filtrate 滤液filtration 过滤fima 菲马fin 肋片final control element 末控元件final controlling drive 末控元件final nucleus 终核final particle 最后粒子final product 最终产物final safety analysis report 最终安全分析报告final solution 最终溶液final state 终态final velocity 终末fine adjustment 精密蝶fine control 细调精密第fine control channel 精密第通道fine control element 精密第元件fine control member 精密第元件fine distribution 精细分布fine focus 细焦点fine grained 细颗粒的fine grinding 细磨fine powder 细粉fine regulating rod 精密控制棒fine resolution 高分辨率fine structure 精细结构fine structure constant 精细结构常数fine tuning 细调fingal process 芬哥尔法finite 有限的finite cylindrical reactor 有限圆柱形反应堆finned tube heat exchanger 翅片管换热器finned tubular radiator 翅片管散热器finning 加散热片fire brick 耐火砖fire clay 耐火土fire proof 耐火的fire proof mortar 耐火砂浆fire retardant paint 防火涂料fire storm 火风暴fireball 火球fireball model 火球模型first collision probability 首次碰撞几率first harmonic 基波first ionization potential 第一电离电位first order fission products 原始裂变产物first quantum number 挚子数first radiation constant 第一辐射常数first townsend coefficient 第一汤森系数first townsend discharge 第一汤森放电first wall 第一壁fish track 鱼形径迹fisser 裂变物质fissile 分裂的fissile atom 裂变原子fissile class 可裂变级fissile material 裂变物质fissile nucleus 可分裂的核fissile nuclide 可裂变核素fissile plutonium 裂变钚fissile region 裂变区fissility 可裂变性fission 核裂变fission capture 裂变俘获fission chain 裂变链fission chain reaction 裂变链式反应fission chamber 裂变电离室fission channel 裂变道fission counter 裂变计数器fission counter tube 裂变计数管fission counting 分裂计数fission counting rate 裂变计数率fission cross section 裂变截面fission density 裂变密度fission energy 裂变能量fission energy spectrum 裂变能谱fission energy storage 裂变能积聚fission fragment 裂变碎片fission fragment range 裂变碎片射程fission fragment track 裂变碎片径迹fission fragment track dosimeter 裂变碎片径迹剂量计fission fragments 裂变碎片fission fusion detonation 裂变聚变核爆炸fission fusion fission bomb 裂变聚变裂变弹fission fusion power plant 裂变聚变发电站fission gamma 裂变量子fission gas 裂变气体fission gas monitor 裂变气体监测器fission heat 裂变热fission loss 裂变损失fission mean free path 裂变平均自由程fission neutron 裂变中子fission neutron absorber 裂变中子吸收体fission neutron absorption cross section 裂变中子吸收截面fission neutrons 裂变中子fission poisons 裂变毒物fission power plant 裂变发电站fission probability 裂变几率fission process 裂变过程fission product 裂变产物fission product debris 裂变产物碎片fission product decay heat 裂变产物衰变热fission product detection 裂变产物探测fission product poisoning 裂变产物中毒fission product release 裂变产物释放fission product removal system 裂变产物除去系统fission product retaining coated fuel particle 保持裂变产物的涂敷燃料颗粒fission product screening loop 裂变产物筛选回路fission product separator failed element monitor 裂变产物分离式破损燃料监测器fission product waste storage 裂变产物废物储存fission product yield 裂变产额fission products monitoring 裂变产物监测fission products poisoning predictor 裂变产物中毒预报器fission products poisoning process 裂变产物中毒过程fission products radioisotopes 裂变产物放射性同位素fission rate 裂变率fission reaction 裂变反应fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission reactor control 裂变反应堆控制fission recoils 裂变反冲物fission resonance 裂变共振fission species 裂变核类fission spectrum 裂变中子能谱fission threshold 裂变阈能fission track dating 裂变径迹定年技术fission weapon 裂变武器fission yield 裂变产额fission yield curve 裂变产额曲线fissionable 分裂的fissionable atom 可裂变原子fissionable derivative 可裂变衍生物fissionable element 可裂变元素fissionable fuel 可裂变燃料fissionable material 裂变物质fissionable material detection 可裂变物质探测fissionable material production reactor 可裂变物质生产反应堆fissionable nucleus 可分裂的核fissioning distribution 裂变中子谱fissioning isomer 裂变同质异能素fissioning spectrum 裂变谱fissions per initial fissionable atom 菲法fissium 裂变产物fissium alloy 裂变产物合金fissium oxide 裂变产物合金氧化物fixation 固定fixed contamination 固定沾污fixed electron 束缚电子fixed field alternating gradient 固定磁场交变梯度fixed field alternating gradient accelerator 固定磁场交变梯度聚焦加速器fixed field alternating gradient synchrotron 固定磁场交变梯度同步加速器fixed reflector 固定反射层fixed target 固定靶flame ionization detection 火焰电离检测flame reaction 焰色反应flame spectrophotometry 火焰分光光度测定法flame spectrum 火焰光谱flange coupling 凸缘联轴节flash gamma radiation 瞬发辐射flash point 闪点flash welding 闪光焊flashing point 闪点flask 烧瓶flat bottomed flask 平底烧瓶flat counter tube 平板型正比计数管flat linear induction pump 平面式直线感应泵flattened region 展平区flattened zone 展平区flattening 展平flattening material 展平材料flattening of neutron flux 中子通量展平flattening radius 展平区半径flaw 缺陷flaw detection 探伤flaw detector 探伤器flaw sensitivity 裂痕灵敏度flecxure 负载弯曲flexibility 柔软性flexible 可挠的flexible beta ray sheeting 射线软片flight path 飞行路径flint glass 燧石玻璃flip flop 触发电路flip flop multivibrator 双稳态多谐振荡器floating action 浮动酌floating earthquake resistant nuclear power station 浮式抗震核电站floating nuclear power plant 海上浮动核电站flocculation 絮凝flocculent precipitate 絮状沉淀物flooding 注水flooding point 溢零flooding point rate 溢零速度floor contamination indicator 地面沾污指示器floor contamination meter 地面沾污计floor contamination monitor 地面污染监测器floor type radiation beacon 落地式辐射报警器flop in method 增加法flop out method 缩减法flotation 浮选flow chart 撂图flow counter 柳式计数管flow diagram 撂图flow indicator 量指示计flow line 吝flow meter 量计flow of materials 物质流flow point 怜点flow rate 临flow sheet 撂图flowmeter 量计fluctuation 涨落fluctuation time 涨落时间flue 烟道fluence 积分通量fluence rate 积分通量率fluid 铃fluid bed heat exchanger 怜床热交换器fluid flowmeter 液体量计fluid friction 铃摩擦fluid fuel 铃燃料fluid fuel fast reactor 铃燃料快速反应堆fluid fuel reactor 铃燃料反应堆fluid mixing tank 混合器fluid poison control 液态毒物控制fluid poison injection safety mechanism 液态毒物注入安全机构fluidity 怜性fluidized bed 连化床fluidized bed reactor 怜床反应堆fluidized bed solidification 怜床固化fluidized fuel reactor 怜燃料反应堆fluidized reactor 怜燃料反应堆fluoborate 氟硼酸盐fluophotometer 荧光光度计fluorescence 荧光fluorescence dosimeter 荧光剂量计fluorescence indicator 荧光指示剂fluorescence spectrum 荧光光谱fluorescence yield 荧光产额fluorescent 萤光的fluorescent lifetime 发光时间fluorescent material 荧光物质fluorescent method 荧光法fluorescent radiation 荧光性辐射fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluorescent substance 荧光物质fluorescent x ray spectrometer 荧光x 射线谱仪fluorescent x rays 荧光x射线fluoride fuel reactor 氟化物燃料反应堆fluoride volatility process 氟化物挥发撂fluorimeter 荧光计fluorimetric analysis 荧光分析fluorimetry 荧光测定法fluorination method 氟化法fluorine 氟fluoroglass dosimeter 荧光玻璃剂量计fluorography 荧光图象摄影术fluorometer 荧光计fluorometry 荧光测定法fluoroscope 荧光镜fluoroscopic apparatus 荧光透视装置fluoroscopy 荧光检查flute 槽flux 通量flux converter 中子联换器flux density 通量密度flux of energy 能通量flux peaking 局部通量剧增flux peaking factor 局部通量剧增因子flux time 积分通量flux trap 通量阱fluxmeter 磁通计fly off 上移flywheel 飞轮foaming agent 发泡剂focal distance 焦距focal length 焦距focal plane 焦平面focal point 焦点focal spot 焦斑focus 焦点focusing 聚焦focusing cap 聚焦盖focusing electrode 聚焦电极focusing quadrupole magnet 聚焦四极透镜磁铁fog 雾fog cooling 喷雾冷却foil 箔foil detector 箔探测器follower 后随部folw 流food irradiation 食品辐照food irradiation reactor 食物辐照用反应堆food sterilization 食品消毒forbidden band 禁带forbidden beta decay 禁戒衰变forbidden beta transition 禁戒跃迁forbidden energy band 禁带forbidden nuclear transition 禁戒核跃迁forbidden transition 禁戒跃迁forbiddenness 禁戒性force 力force constant of linkage 结合力常数force of attraction 引力force of gravity 重力force of inertia 惯性力force of repulsion 排斥力forced circulation 受迫循环;强制循环forced convection 强制对流forced flow boiling water reactor 强制怜沸水反应堆forced oscillation 强制振荡forced radiation 强制辐射forced vibration 强制振荡forceps 钳子foreign atom 化学杂质foreign body 杂质foreign gas 杂质气体foreign matter 杂质forepump 预真空泵form factor 形状系数formation 产生formi dirac gas 费米气体forvacuum 预真空forvacuum pump 预真空泵forward scattering 前方散射fountain pen type dosemeter 自来水笔式剂量计fountain pen type exposuremeter 自来水笔式照射量计four channel fast coincidence unit 四道快符合单元four factor formula 四因子公式four force 四元力four momentum 四维动量four pi counter 4计数管four pi radiation detector 4辐射探测器four velocity 四元速度fourier analysis 傅里叶分析fourier analyzer 傅里叶分析器谐波分析器fourier transformation 傅里叶变换fourmarierite 红铀矿fourth stage of matter 物质的第四态fraction 馏分fraction exchange 交换系数fractional crystallization 分级结晶fractional distillation 分馏fractional extraction 分级萃取fractional ionization 电离度fractional yield 部分产额fractionated irradiation 分次照射fractionating column 分馏柱fractionating tower 分馏柱fractionation 分级fractionation effect 分次效应fragility 脆性fragment 碎片fragmentation of nucleus 核碎裂frame of reference 座标系统francevillite 钒铅钡铀矿francium 钫franck condon principle 弗兰克康登原理franck hertz experiment 弗兰克赫茨试验frap 燃料棒分析程序frap s 燃料棒分析程序稳态frap t 燃料棒分析程序瞬变过程free air 自由空气free air chamber 自由空气电离室free air dose 空气剂量free charge 自由电荷free electron 自由电子free end 自由端free energy 自由能free field 自由场free field particle acceleration 自由场粒子加速free free collision 非弹性碰撞free isotope hold up 游离同位素滞留量free molecule diffusion 自由分子漫散free neutron 自由中子free oscillation 自由振荡free path 自由程free state 游离状态free surface 自由面free valence 自由价free water 自由水分freezing 凝固freezing mixture 冷冻剂freezing point 凝固点frenkel defect 弗兰克尔缺陷freon 氟利昂frequency condition 频率条件frequency conversion 频率变换frequency match 频率蝶frequency meter 频计frequency modulated cyclotron 同步回旋加速器frequency modulation 频率灯frequency of inspection 监查频度frequency range 频率范围frequency response characteristic 频率特性frequency shift 移频frequency spectrum 频谱fresh fuel 新燃料fretting corrosion 摩擦磨蚀freyalite 硬硅铈钍矿friction 摩擦friction coefficient 摩擦系数friction loss 摩擦损耗frictional force 摩擦力frisch ionization chamber 弗里希电离窒fritzscheite 钒磷锰铀矿frosted glass 毛玻璃frozen magnetic field 冻结磁场frozen shaft seal 冻结法轴密封frozen static seal 冷冻静态密封ft value 相对寿命fuel 核燃料fuel assembly 核燃料组件fuel assembly grid 燃料集合体栅格fuel assembly stability test 燃料集合体稳定性试验fuel box 燃料元件容器fuel breeding cycle 燃料增殖循环fuel bundle 核燃料组件fuel bundle counter 燃料棒束计数器fuel burn out 烧毁fuel burnup 燃料燃耗fuel cell 燃料电池fuel channel 燃料通道fuel charge 装料fuel cladding temperature meter 燃料包壳温度计fuel cluster 核燃料组件fuel coating 燃料涂层fuel compact 燃料密实体fuel configuration 燃料排列fuel consumption 燃料消耗量fuel control 燃料控制fuel coolant interaction 燃料冷却剂相互酌fuel cooling installation 燃料冷却装置fuel core 燃料元件芯体fuel cost 燃料成本fuel cycle cost 核燃料循环成本fuel cycle facility 核燃料循环设施fuel cycle flow diagram 燃料循环撂图fuel damage 燃料损伤fuel densification 燃料密集fuel depletion 燃料贫化fuel doubling time 燃料倍增时间fuel economy 燃料经济fuel element can 燃料元件包壳fuel element converter 燃料元件转换器fuel element failure instrumentation 燃料元件探伤仪组fuel element hanger rod 燃料元件悬挂棒fuel element rupture detection 燃料元件破损探测fuel element rupture detector 燃料元件破损探测器fuel element storage well 燃料贮存井fuel enrichment 燃料增浓fuel enthalpy 燃料热焓fuel exchange 换装燃料fuel fabrication 燃料制备fuel fabrication facility 燃料元件制造设备fuel fabrication plant 燃料制备厂fuel failure 燃料破坏fuel fission 燃料分裂fuel handling 燃料装卸fuel handling machine 换料机fuel handling system 燃料装卸系统fuel inventory 燃料装载量fuel irradiation level 比燃耗fuel kernel 燃料元件芯体fuel lifetime 燃料寿命fuel loading 装料fuel make up 燃料补充fuel management 燃料管理fuel pellet 燃料芯块fuel pellet injection 燃料芯块注入fuel pencil 燃料元件细棒fuel pin 燃料元件细棒fuel plate 燃料板fuel pool cooling and filtering system 燃料池冷却和过滤系统fuel process cell 燃料处理热室fuel processing installation 燃料处理设备fuel processing waste 燃料加工废物fuel rating 燃料比功率fuel recording system 燃料记录系统fuel recovery process 燃料回收过程fuel recycle facility 燃料再循环装置fuel refabrication 燃料再制备fuel refreshment 燃料补充fuel relocation effect 燃料再配置效应fuel reprocessing 燃料后处理fuel reprocessing cell 燃料后处理室fuel reprocessing project proposed by enea 欧洲原子能机构提议的燃料后处理计划fuel rod 燃料棒fuel rod analysis program 燃料棒分析程序fuel rod analysis program steady state 燃料棒分析程序稳态fuel rod analysis program transient 燃料棒分析程序瞬变过程fuel rod coating 燃料棒涂层fuel rod lattice 燃料棒栅格fuel rod leak detection 燃料棒漏处检测fuel rod shoot out accident 燃料棒弹出事故fuel rod vibration 燃料棒振动fuel section 燃料区fuel sheath failure 燃料包壳破损fuel slab 燃料板fuel slug 燃料短棒fuel sodium interaction 燃料钠相互酌fuel solution 燃料溶液fuel stick 燃料棒fuel storage bay 燃料储存库fuel storage capacity 燃料储存容量fuel storage cell 燃料储存室fuel subassembly 燃料分组件fuel to moderator ratio 燃料慢化剂比fuel transfer pond 燃料转运池fuel transfer port 燃料转送口fuel tube 燃料管fuel unloading machine 卸料机fuel uranium 燃料铀fuelling 装料fuelling machine tv monitor 换料机电视监视器fuels technology center 燃料工艺学中心full core reserve 一炉料备用full neutron flux 满中子通量full scale fusion power plant 实际规模的聚变发电站full scope safeguards agreement 全面核监督协定full size 实物尺度full width at half maximum 半高全宽full width at one tenth of maximum 十分之一最大峰值处的全宽度fully contained explosion 全封闭式爆炸fully enriched uranium 高浓缩铀fully ionized plasma 完全电离等离子体fully protective tube housing 完全保护管外壳fully reflected reactor 全反射层反应堆fume chamber 通风柜fume cupboard 通风柜fume hood 通风柜function 函数function test of liver by radioisotopes 依放射性同位素肝机能检查fundamental 基波fundamental field particle 场量子fundamental frequency 基频fundamental harmonic 基波fundamental oscillation 基本振荡fundamental unit 基本单位fundamental vibration 基本振荡fundamental wave 基波funnel 漏斗furnace 炉furnace gas 炉气fuse 保险丝fused salt electrolysis 熔盐电解fused salt extraction 熔盐萃取fused salt reactor 熔盐反应堆fusible alloy 易熔合金fusing point 熔点fusion 核聚变fusion bomb 热核弹fusion breeder reactor 聚变增殖反应堆fusion core 聚变反应堆芯fusion device at lawrence radiation laboratory 劳伦斯辐射研究所的核聚变装置fusion energy 聚变能量fusion energy conversion 聚变能转换fusion energy research facility 聚变能研究装置fusion energy resource 聚变能源fusion engineering research facility 聚变工程研究设施fusion fission hybrid reactor 聚变裂变混合反应堆fusion fission reaction 聚变裂变反应fusion fuel 聚变燃料fusion fuel consumption 聚变燃料消耗量fusion fuel facility 聚变燃料设施fusion heat 聚变热fusion hybrid breeder reactor 聚变混合增殖反应堆fusion nuclear power plant 热核电站fusion nucleus 聚变核fusion of hydrogen 氢聚变fusion physics 聚变物理学fusion plasma 聚变等离子体fusion plasma analysis 聚变等离子体分析fusion point 聚变温度fusion power 聚变能量fusion power reactor 聚变动力反应堆fusion process 聚变过程fusion product 聚变产物fusion reaction 热核反应fusion reactor 热核反应堆fusion reactor system 聚变反应堆系统fusion technology 聚变技术fusion temperature 聚变温度fusion test reactor 聚变试验反应堆fusion weapon 聚变武器fusion yield 核聚变产额future source of energy 未来能源g factor 朗德因子g factor of atom or electron 原子或电子的g因子g factor of nucleus 核的g因子g m counter 盖革弥勒计数管g value g 值g yield g 值gadolinite 硅铍钇矿gadolinium 钆gadolinium poison 钆毒物gage 检验测定仪器gain 放大系数gain control 放大第gain factor 转换系数gallery 巷道galling 摩擦磨蚀gallium 镓galvanometer 检疗galvanoscope 验电流gamma 光量子gamma absorber 射线吸收体gamma absorptiometry 射线吸收测定法gamma absorption 射线吸收gamma absorption analysis 射线吸收分析gamma active 放射性的gamma activity 放射性gamma and flux reactor physics computer code 反应堆物理和中子通量计算机代码gamma background 射线本底gamma backscatter gage 射线反散射测量计gamma backscatter thickness meter 射线反散射厚度计gamma burst 射线爆丛gamma camera 照相机gamma cascade 级联射线gamma coincident beta spectrum 与符合的谱gamma compensated ion chamber 补偿电离室gamma compensation 补偿gamma constant 特珍线常数gamma contamination indicator 射线沾染指示器gamma counter 射线计数管gamma cross section 量子相互酌截面gamma decay 衰变gamma defectoscope 探伤仪gamma defectoscopy 探伤法gamma disintegration 衰变gamma dose detector system 剂量探测系统gamma dosimetry 射线剂量测定法gamma electric cell 电池gamma emitter 辐射体gamma excited x ray fluorimeter 射线激发x光荧光仪gamma field 射线圃gamma fission 裂变gamma flux 通量gamma flux density 通量密度gamma flux density indicator 通量密度指示器gamma flux density meter 通量密度计gamma flux density monitor 通量密度监测器gamma gamma coincidence pulse counting assembly 符合脉冲计数装置gamma gamma logging 测井gamma heating 射线加热gamma induced ionization 射线诱发电离gamma induced reaction 射线诱发核反应gamma intensity 射线强度gamma irradiation 辐照gamma isomer 同质异能素gamma leakage peak 射线泄漏谱峰gamma leakage spectrum 射线泄漏谱gamma meter 射线强度计gamma neutron logging 中子测井gamma phase 相gamma plutonium 相钚gamma pulse counting assembly 脉冲计数装置gamma quantum 光量子gamma radiation 射线gamma radiator 辐射体gamma radiography 照相术gamma ray 光量子gamma ray and neutron detector 射线和中子探测器gamma ray astronomy 射线天文学gamma ray capsule 射线源盒gamma ray culture 辐射场gamma ray defectoscope 射线探伤仪gamma ray density meter 射线密度计gamma ray detector 射线探测器gamma ray dosimeter 射线剂量计gamma ray emission 射线发射gamma ray level meter 射线液位计gamma ray logging 射线测井gamma ray material testing 探伤法gamma ray materiology 探伤法gamma ray meter 射线强度计gamma ray photon 光量子gamma ray scintillation spectrometer 射线闪烁能谱仪gamma ray shield 射线屏蔽层gamma ray source 射线源gamma ray source container 射线源容器gamma ray source strength 射线源强度gamma ray sterilization 射线灭菌gamma ray teletherapy 射线远距治疗gamma ray therapy 射线治疗gamma ray thickness gage 射线厚度计gamma scanning 扫描gamma space 相空间gamma spectrometer 射线能谱仪gamma spectrometry 能谱测量gamma spectroscopy 谱学gamma spectrum 能谱gamma transition probability 跃迁几率gamma uranium 相铀gammagraphy 射线照相法gamow factor 穿透几率gamow teller selection rules 伽莫夫泰勒选择定则gamow teller transition 伽莫夫泰勒跃迁gangue 脉石gap 间隙gas 气体gas activity meter 气体放射性测量计gas amplification 气体放大gas amplification factor 气体放大系数gas analysis 气体分析gas analyzer 气体分析器gas bearings 气膜轴承gas betatron 气体电子感应加速器gas blanket 气层gas blower 瓦斯送风机gas centrifugation 气体离心gas centrifuge 气体离心机gas centrifuge enrichment plant 气体离心浓缩厂gas centrifuge method 气体离心法gas centrifuge plant 气体离心分离厂gas chromatographic analysis 气相色谱分析gas chromatographic detector 气相色谱探测器gas chromatography 气相色谱法gas circulation 气体循环gas circulator 循环风机gas clean up 气体净化gas constant 气体常数gas coolant 气体冷却剂gas cooled breeder reactor 气冷增殖堆gas cooled fast breeder reactor 气冷快中子增殖反应堆gas cooled fast reactor 气冷快堆gas cooled graphite moderated reactor 气冷石墨慢化堆gas cooled reactor 气冷反应堆gas cooled reactor experiment 实验气冷反应堆gas cooler 气体冷却器gas cooling 气体冷却gas core 气体堆芯gas counter 气体计数管gas cycle reactor 气体循环反应堆gas diffusion process 气体扩散法gas discharge 气体放电gas filled 充气的gas filled counter 充气计数管gas filled radiation detector 充气式辐射探测器gas filled rectifier tube 充气整淋gas fission product 气态裂变产物gas fission product monitor 气体裂变产物监测器gas flow counter 柳型计数管gas flow ionization chamber 柳型电离室gas flow neutron density measuring assembly 柳型中子密度测量装置gas generator 气体发生器煤气发生炉gas graphite reactor 气冷石墨慢化堆gas ion 气体离子gas laser 气体激光器gas liquid chromatography 气液色谱法gas magnification 气体放大gas manometer 气体压力计gas mass spectrometry 气体质谱测定法gas metal arc welding 气体金属电弧焊gas meter 气量计gas monitor 气体监测器gas multiplication 气体放大gas permeability 气体渗透率gas phase radioassay 气相放射性分析gas producer 气体发生器煤气发生炉gas proportional counter 气体正比计数器gas proportional scintillation counter 气体正比闪烁计数器gas pump 气泵gas purge system 气体净化系统gas recombiner 气体复合器gas sampler 气体取样器gas scintillation counter 气体闪烁计数管gas scrubbing 涤气过程gas separator 气体分离器gas solid chromatography 气固色谱法gas sparging 气体鼓泡搅拌gas target 气体靶gas tight 不漏气的gas tight casing 气密外壳gas washer 气体洗涤器gas waste 气体废物gaseous barrier diffusion 气体多孔膜扩散gaseous decay product 气体衰变产物gaseous diffusion 气体扩散gaseous diffusion method 气体扩散法gaseous diffusion plant 气体扩散工厂gaseous effluent 废气gaseous ion 气体离子gaseous phase radiochromatograph 气相辐射色谱仪gaseous pollutant 气态污染物gaseous product 气体产物gaseous waste 气体废物gaseous waste disposal 气体废物处理gasification 气化。

储运专业英语一、英译汉单词翻译CH1.Oil and Gas Fields 油气田1.1An Inroduction to oil and gas productiong油气生产介绍1.1.1gas processging气体加工1.1.2oil processing原油加工1.1.3water processing水处理1.1.4sand treatment砂处理1.1.5auxiliary equipment辅助设备1.2Brief description of crude oil surface treatment原油地面处理简介1.2.1 separators分离器1.2.2 oil treating原油处理1.2.3 heater-treaters加热处理器1.2.4 free water knockouts(FWKOs)游离水脱除器1.2.5vertical treaters立式处理器1.2.6 stabilization and sweetening of crude oil原油的稳定和脱酸1.2.7 storage tanks储罐1.3Treating oil field emulsions油田乳状液的处理1.3.1 theory of emulsions乳状液理论1.3.2 the major reasons for dehydrating crude oil原油脱水的主要原因1.3.3 treating methods处理方法1.3.4 some common terms一些常用术语1.4Overview of gas-handling facilities气体处理设备概论1.5Trays and packing塔板和填料1.5.1trays塔板1.5.1.1 sieve trays筛板1.5.1.2 valve trays 阀板1.5.1.3 bubble cap trays泡罩塔板1.5.1.4 high capacity/high efficiency trays高处理量/高效塔板1.5.1.5 bubble cap trays vs. valve trays泡罩塔板与阀板的比较1.5.1.6 tray efficiency and tower height塔板效率和塔高1.5.2 packing填料1.5.2.1 random packing随机填料1.5.2.2 stripping service规整填料1.6Gas sweetening气体脱酸1.6.1 gas sweetening processes气体脱硫工艺1.6.2amine processes胺工艺1.6.3 physical solvent processes物理溶剂工艺1.6.4direct conversion of H2S to sulfur H2S直接转换为硫磺1.6.5 gas permeation气体渗透1.7Dehydration of natural gas天然气脱水1.7.1 hydrates水合物1.7.2 dehydratoin of natural gas天然气脱水1.7.2.1 dew-point depression露点降1.7.2.2 liquid-desiccant dehydrators液体干燥剂脱水器1.8Hydrocarbon recovery and condensate stabilization烃回收和凝液稳定1.8.1hydrocarbon recovery processes烃回收工艺1.8.2absorber and stripper units吸收塔和气提装置1.8.3 condensate stabilization凝液稳定CH2 Pipelines管道2.1 types of pipelines管道类型2.1.1 oil pipelines输油管道2.1.1.1 flowlines出油管2.1.1.2 gathering lines集油管道2.1.1.3crude trunk lines原油干线管道2.1.2 gas pipelines输气管道2.1.2.1gas gathering集气管道2.1.2.2gas transmission输气干线2.1.3 products pipelines成品油管道2.2 other pipelines其他管道2.2.1two-phase pipelines两相流管道2.2.2LNG pipelines液化天然气管道2.2.3 CO2 pipelines CO2管道2.2.4 coal slurry pipelines煤浆管道2.3 rheology流变学2.3.1 what is rheology? 什么是流变学？2.3.2 viscosity黏度2.3.3 non-newtonian liquids非牛顿流体2.3.4 high pour and high viscosity高倾点和高粘度2.4 line pipes管道用管2.4.1 specifications规范2.4.2 steel pipe钢管2.4.3 other types of pipe其他类型的管子2.5 pumps and pump stations泵和泵站2.5.1 investment distributions投资分配2.5.2 pump stations泵站2.5.2.1 the number of pump stations泵站数2.5.2.2 station equipment泵站设备2.5.3 pumps泵2.5.3.1 centrifugal pumps容积泵2.5.4 types of station operation泵站操作类型2.5.4.1 put and take operation罐到罐操作2.5.4.2 float tank operation旁接罐操作2.5.4.3 tight line operation密闭操作2.6 compressors压缩机2.6.1 reciprocating compressors往复式压缩机2.6.2 centrifugal compressors离心压缩机2.6.3 compression ratio压缩比2.6.4 capacity and horsepower流量和功率2.6.5 other considerations其他考虑因素2.7 gas turbines燃气透平2.7.1 types of gas turbines燃气透平类型2.7.2 operation操作2.8 pipeline pigging管道清管2.8.1 pigging 清管2.8.2 example of pigging operatings清管操作的例子2.8.3 launching and receiving发送和接收2.9 pipe coating管子覆盖层2.9.1 exterior corrosion coating外防腐覆盖层2.9.2 concrete coating混凝土加重层2.10 inspection and rehabilitation检查和修复2.10.1 inspecion检查2.10.2 in-line tools管内检查器2.10.3 rehabilitation修复2.10.3.1 external corrosion外腐蚀2.10.3.2 trans alaska pipeline repair横贯阿拉斯加管道的修理CH3 storage facilities储存设施3.1 storage储存3.1.1 crude storage原油储存3.1.2 natural gas liquids天然气凝析油3.1.3 natural gas天然气储存3.1.4LNG 液化天然气3.2 tand classification罐的分类3.2.1 tank classification储罐分类3.2.1.1 atmospheric tanks常压罐3.2.1.2 low-pressure tanks低压罐3.2.1.3 pressure vessels (high-pressure tanks)压力容器（高压罐）3.2.2 major tank components储罐主要部件3.2.2.1 fixed-foof tanks固定顶储罐3.2.2.2 floating-roof tanks浮顶罐3.2.2.3 tank bottoms罐底3.3 floating roofs浮顶3.3.1 external floating roofs外浮顶3.3.1.1 roof types顶的类型3.3.1.2 support legs支柱3.3.1.3 vents通风3.3.1.4 drainage排水3.3.1.5 wind girders抗风圈3.3.2 internal floating roofs内浮顶3.3.2.1 steel roofs钢顶3.3.2.2 aluminum roofs铝顶3.4 rim seals边缘密封3.4.1 external floating-roof seals外浮顶密封3.4.1.1 mechanical shoe seals机械滑板密封3.4.1.2 resilint toroid seals弹性环密封3.4.1.3 flexible wiper seals柔性刷密封3.4.1.4 weather shield风雨罩3.4.2 internal floating-roof seals内浮顶密封3.5 tank emissions and venting储罐发散物和通风3.5.1 mechanisms of evaporation losses蒸发损耗机理3.5.1.1 fixed-roof tanks固定顶储罐3.5.2 tank type and emissions储罐类型和发散3.5.2.1 fixed-roof tanks固定顶罐3.5.2.2 external floating-roof tanks外浮顶罐3.5.2.3 internal floating-roof tanks内浮顶罐3.5.3PV valves压力真空阀3.5.3.1 general概要3.5.3.2 how the PV valve works PV阀的工作3.5.4 emergency venting 应急泄压3.6 tank foundations储罐基础3.6.1 introduction to tank foundations储罐基础介绍3.6.1.1 preliminary studies初步研究3.6.1.2 soil investigations土壤研究3.6.2 imprtant elements to consider in foundation design基础设计中考虑的重要因素3.6.2.1 foundation elevation基础标高3.6.2.2 drainage排水3.6.2.3 oil sand under tank bottom罐底下的油砂3.6.3 tank foundation types储罐基础类型3.6.3.1 concrete ringwall foundations混凝土圈座基础3.6.3.2 crushed-srone ringwall foundations碎石圈座基础3.6.3.3compacted soil foundations夯土基础3.6.3.4 slab foundations平板基础3.6.3.5 pile-supported foundations桩柱支撑基础3.7 fire prevention and foam system防火和泡沫系统3.7.1 foam fire fighting systems泡沫灭火系统3.7.1.1 fluidity流动性3.7.1.2 expansion膨胀性3.7.1.3drainage rate吸水率3.7.2 foam making devices泡沫发生装置3.8 oil storage in rock caverns在岩洞内储存石油3.8.1 storage at 1 atmosphere在大气压下储存3.8.2 cavern design and constrution岩洞设计及建造3.8.3 general operation and maintenance操作和维护3.8.3.1 pumps泵3.8.3.2 heating加热3.8.3.3 sludge 沉积物3.8.3.4 level control and volume measurement液位控制和体积测量3.8.4 advantages of rock cavern storage岩洞储存的优点CH4 construcion建设4.1 land pipeline construction陆上管道建设4.1.1 construction classification建设分类4.1.2 land pipeline construction陆上管道建设4.2 pipeline installation and road/river crossing管道安装和管道/河流穿越4.2.1 installaton安装4.2.2 road/river crossings道路/河流的穿越4.2.3 testing试压4.2.4 drying and cleaning干燥和清管4.2.5 station construction站的建设4.3 offshore pipeline construction海洋管道建设4.3.1 conventional lay barge常规铺管船4.3.2 reel barge卷筒船4.3.3 vertical pipelaying垂直铺管4.4 pull methods and tie-in牵引法和碰固定口连接4.4.1 pull methods牵引法4.4.2 tie-in碰固定口连接4.5 welding techniques and equipment焊接技术和设备4.5.1 welding processes焊接工艺4.5.2 welding procedures and equipment焊接程序及设备4.5.2.1 weld passes焊道4.5.2.2 manual welding手工焊接4.5.2.3 automatic welding自动焊4.5.2.4 preparation for welding焊接准备4.5.2.5 inspection and testing检查与试验4.5.2.6 weld defects焊接缺陷4.5.3 other joining methods其他连接方法CH5 corrosion腐蚀5.1 cause of underground corrosion地下腐蚀的原因5.1.1 electrolytic corrosion电解腐蚀5.1.2 galvanic corrosion电池腐蚀5.1.2.1 dissimilar metals不同金属5.1.2.2 dissimilar environments不同环境5.2 cathodic protection fundamentals阴极保护的基本原理5.2.1 corrosion and corrosion control腐蚀和服饰控制5.2.1.1 electrically insulating anode area from cathodic area阳极区和阴极区的电绝缘5.2.1.2 electrically insulating anode or cathode from the elecrolyte阳极或阴极与电解质的电绝缘5.2.1.3 treatment of electrolyte电解质处理5.2.1.4 use of nonmetallic materials非金属材料的应用5.2.2 cathodic protection阴极保护5.2.2.1 galvanic cathodic protection systems原电池阴极保护系统5.2.2.2 impressed current systems外加电流系统5.2.3 design and criteria for cathodic protection阴极保护的设计和准则5.3 pipeline corrosion管道腐蚀5.3.1 estimating the corrosion risk腐蚀风险评估5.3.1.1 intrinsic corrosiveness of the soil土壤固有的腐蚀性5.3.1.2 electrolytic effects电解作用5.3.2 corrosion protection腐蚀防护5.3.2.1 insulating coatings绝缘涂层5.3.2.2 cathodic protection阴极保护5.3.2.3 protection against electrolysis电解的保护5.4 tank corrosion储罐腐蚀5.4.1 descriptive nature of tank corrosion储罐腐蚀性质描述5.4.1.1 atmospheric corrosion大气腐蚀5.4.1.2 product side corrosion油品接触面腐蚀5.4.1.3 bottom corrosion罐底腐蚀5.4.1.4 vapor space corrosion蒸气空间腐蚀5.4.1.5 interface corrosion界面腐蚀5.4.1.6 bottom underside corrosion罐底下侧腐蚀5.4.2 corrosion control and prevention腐蚀控制及防护5.4.3 specific storage tank corrosion service problems专用储罐的腐蚀问题（石油产品）5.4.3.1 crude oil tanks原油储罐5.4.3.2 refined hydrocarbon storage tanks成品油储罐5.4.4 corrosion prevention with linings用涂层防腐5.4.4.1 basic types of lining涂层的基本类型5.4.4.2 surface preparation表面预处理5.4.4.3 precleaning预清洗5.4.4.4 abrasive blasting喷磨处理5.4.4.5 other surface preparation methods其他表面预处理方法5.4.5 corrosion prevention with cathodic protection用阴极保护防止腐蚀5.4.5.1 cathodic protection阴极保护5.4.5.2 polarization极化5.4.5.3 electrical potential measurement电位测量5.4.5.4 current requirements电流需求5.4.5.5 internal versus external cathodic protection内部与外部阴极保护CH6 metering installations计量装置6.1 metering gases气体计量6.1.1differential pressure meters差压流量计6.1.2 positive-displacement meters(PD)容积式流量计（PD）6.1.3 turbine-type meters涡轮流量计6.1.4 mass-flow meters质量流量计6.2metering of liquids液体计量6.2.1 types of meters in use在用流量计类型6.2.2 positive-displacement meters容积式流量计6.2.3 turbine meters涡轮流量计6.2.4 meter calibration流量计标定6.3 BTU measurement热值测量。

flow rate 流量head 扬程efficiency 效率power 功率rotary speed 转速mixed flow Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) 混流潜水电泵booster pump 增压泵，前置泵deep well pump 深井泵Vertical multistage centrifugal pump with barrel casing 具有筒型泵壳的立式多级离心泵Sectional bell 钟型吸入口Lower sleeve bearing 下套筒轴承First stage snap ring 第一级卡圈Diffuser 扩压器First stage impeller retaining collar第一级叶轮挡圈Second stage impeller and above 第二级叶轮并往上类推Tank 筒体Spacer column 定距接管Intermediate gasket 中垫片Blind flange gasket 法兰盲板垫片Lower shaft sleeve 下轴套Inlet 进口Stuffing box bushing 填料函衬套Upper gasket 上垫片Intermediate shaft sleeve 中轴套Seal cage 密封腔Gland bolt 压盖螺栓Complete coupling 整套联轴器Motor support column 电动机支柱Motor half coupling lock nut 电动机半联轴器的锁紧螺母Pump half coupling lock nut 泵联轴器的锁紧螺母Upper shaft sleeve 上轴套Gland 压盖Complete piping 连通管Packing填料中国水泵网Discharge 出口Stuffing box 填料函Nozzle head bushing 接管衬套Balance disc 平衡盘Nozzle head 接管Lower gasket 下垫片Shaft with key 带键的轴Diffuser ring 扩压环Upper sleeve ring 上部轴套密封环First stage impeller retaining ring 第一级叶轮挡圈Suction bell ring 钟型吸入罩Casing 泵体Adjustable gasket 调整垫片Cock screw 紧定螺钉Thrust ring 推力环Pin 销Terminal box 接线盒RB cover RB端盖Seal washer密封垫圈Vent valve排气阀Circulation pipe 循环管Union 活接头Thrust nut 止推螺母Rotor 转子Rotor can 转子屏蔽套stator can 定子屏蔽套stator 定子pump support 机架baseplate 底座plug 塞子horizontal single-stage double-suction volute pump 卧式单级双吸蜗壳泵vertical-shaft end-suction double volute casing pump 立式端吸双蜗壳泵vertical wet-pit diffuser pump bowl 带扩压器的立式深井泵shaft-enclosing tube轴套管column pipe 柱状套管bearing bushing 轴承套(衬)suction bowl 吸入筒connector bearing 接头轴承oil cup 油杯casing ring 泵体密封环seal piping 密封液管shaft collar 轴环bearing spacer 轴承隔离圈, 轴承定距环double volute 双蜗壳casing 泵壳frame 悬架discharge bowl 排出筒net positive suction head (NPSH) 汽蚀余量suction cover 吸入端泵盖seal driving 动环传动销, 密封套拨杆seal drive sleeve 动环传动套筒, 密封传动套mechanical seal 机械密封seal end plate 密封端压盖inner oil seal 内侧(轴承)油封bearing cap 轴承盖journal bearing 径向轴承bearing housing 轴承箱spacer sleeve 定距套thrust bearing 止推轴承bearing lock nuts 轴承锁紧螺母seal joint 密封压环constant level oiler 恒液位油杯soft packing 软填料gland 压盖seal cover 密封盖centrifugal pump 离心泵axial pump 轴流泵airtight screw pump 密闭式螺杆泵；all abronze pump 全青铜泵；all iron pump 铸铁泵；alloy pump 合金泵；alloy steel pump 合金钢泵；angle-type axial flow pump 半贯流式轴流泵；弯管轴流泵；angle-type axial piston pump 斜轴式轴向活塞泵；animal self-operated drinking water pump 饲槽自动泵；家畜自动饮水泵；annular casing pump 环壳泵；anti-roll pump 减摇泵；Archimedean screw pump 螺旋泵；armoured pump 铠装泵；articulated vane pump 铰链滑片泵；ash pump 灰渣泵；asynchronous motor：异步电动机attached pump 附属泵；automatic trough pump 饲槽自动泵；家畜自动引水泵；automobile pump 汽车用泵；auxiliary pump 辅泵；辅助泵；auxiliary stripping pump 辅扫仓泵；辅清仓泵；aviation pump 航空用泵；axial double entry liquid ring pump 轴向双吸液环泵；axial flow 轴流泵；axial flow pump for water jet propulsion 喷水推进轴流泵；axial flow pump with adjustable pitch blades 可调式轴流泵；axial flow pump with blades adjustable in operation 全可调式轴流泵axial flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary 半可调式轴流泵；axial flow pump with variable pitch blades 全可调式轴流泵；axial flowpump with reversible blades 可逆叶片轴流泵；axial inlet pump 轴吸泵；axial piston pump 轴向活塞泵；axial plungerpump 轴向柱塞泵；axial single entry liquid ringpump 轴向单吸液循环泵；axial suctionpump 轴向吸入泵；axially splitpump 中开泵；back washpump 逆洗泵；backwaterpump 回水泵；bagassepump 渣泵；balanced rotor vanepump 平衡转子式滑片泵；balanced suctionpump 双吸泵；ball pistonpump 球形活塞泵；ballastpump 压载泵；barrel emptyingpump 箱筒抽空泵；barrel insertpump 双壳泵；barrel oil pump 筒袋式油泵；barrelpump 筒袋式泵；base loadpump 基本负荷泵；beerpump 啤酒泵；beet tailspump 甜菜根泵；beetpump 甜菜泵；bellowspump 波纹管泵；belt drivenpump 皮带传动泵；bent axis axial pistonpump 斜轴式轴向活塞泵；BFW pump 锅炉给水泵；bilgepump 仓底泵；biological sludgepump 活性污泥泵；bitumenpump 沥青泵；bladelesspump 无叶片泵；board pump 甲板泵；boiler feedpump 锅炉给水泵；boiler return circulatingpump 锅炉回水循环泵；booster diffusionpump 增压扩散泵；booster-feed 增压给水泵；boosterpump 前置泵，增压泵；boostingpump 增压泵；boostpump 接力泵；borehole flushingpump 钻井冲洗泵；borehole reciprocatingpump 往复式深井泵；borehole shaft driven（centrifugal）pump 长轴深井泵；borehole submergedpump 潜水神井泵；boreholepump 深井泵；boron additionpump 加硼泵；bottom inletpump 底吸泵；bottom suctionpump 底吸泵；bottomspump 底料泵，塔底液泵；brinepump 盐水泵；brokepump 碎纸浆泵；bronze fittedpump 衬青铜泵；bucket pistonpump 盘状活塞泵；building site pump 工程用泵；built-inpump 装入式泵；bulkhead mountedpump 舱壁泵；bung mountedpump 夹装泵；butterworthpump 洗舱泵；cam plate type axial pistonpump 斜盘式轴向活塞泵；cam pump 凸轮泵；cam rotor vanepump 凸轮转子式刮片泵；cam-vanepump 凸轮转子式刮片泵；canned motor pump with inner recirculationpump 内循环形屏蔽泵；canned motor pump with outer recirculationpump 外循环形屏蔽泵；canned motorpump 屏蔽泵；car wash pump 汽车冲洗泵；cargo oilpump 货油泵；cast steelpump 铸钢泵；cellar drainagepump 地下室排水泵；cellulose pulp pump 粘浆泵；cement grout pump 混凝土泵；cement slurrypump 水泥浆泵；cementationpump 混凝土泵；centrally ported radial piston pump 内配流径向活塞泵；centre-packed type pistonpump 中央密封式活塞泵；centrifugal pump with open impellerpump 开式叶轮离心泵；centrifugal pump with semien closed impellerpump 半开式叶轮离心泵；centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller 闭式叶轮离心泵；centrifugal run-offpump 离心机出料泵；centrifugal-jetpump 离心喷射泵；centrifugal-peripheral pump 离心-旋涡泵；centrifugalpump 离心泵；centrifugalpump with inducer 诱导轮离心泵；centrifugal-turbinepump 离心-旋涡泵；centripetalpump 向心泵；ceramic acidpump 陶瓷酸泵；ceramicpump 陶瓷泵；chain drivepump 链传动泵；chainpump 链式泵；channel impellerpump 流道式叶轮泵；chargepump 给料泵；chemical pulppump 化学纸浆泵；chemical stockpump 化学纸浆泵；chemicalpump 化工用泵；chlorovinyl plasticpump 禄乙烯塑料泵；choclatepump 巧克力输送泵；chokelesspump 不堵塞泵；circular casingpump 环壳泵；circulatingpump 循环泵；clarified juicepump 石灰汁泵，清汁泵；clean waterpump 清水泵；clear waterpump 清水泵；close coupledpump 单体泵；closed peripheralpump 闭式旋涡泵；coal facepump 矿井工作面泵；coal slurrypump 煤泥泵；coal washingpump 洗煤用泵；coalpump 煤水泵；collantpump 冷剂泵；compressed airpump 压缩空气驱动泵；concrete volutepump 混凝土涡壳泵；concretepump 混凝土泵；condensate extractionpump 冷凝泵；condensate recoverypump 凝水回收泵；condensate returnpump 凝水回收泵；condensate-booster 凝水-增压泵；condensate-booster-feedpump 凝水-增压-给水泵；condensatepump 冷凝泵；conductionpump 传导泵；constant pressurepump 定压泵；constant speedpump 恒速度；contactless gearpump 非接触齿轮泵；contactor pump 混料泵；contractor’spump 工程用泵；coolantpump 冷剂泵；cooling mediumpump 冷剂泵；cooling waterpump 冷却水泵；corrosion freepump 耐蚀泵；corrosion resistingpump 耐蚀泵；cossettepump 甜菜丝泵；cottagepump 手压泵，手动泵；couch breakpump 伏辊断头纸浆泵；cracking pump 裂化装置泵；crank and flywheelpump 曲柄飞轮泵；crankless firepump 无曲柄消防泵；crank-less multicylinderpump 无曲柄多缸泵；crankless sewagepump 无曲柄污水泵；cranklesspump 无曲柄泵；crankpump 曲柄泵；crescent gearpump 内啮合齿轮泵；crescent seal gearpump 内啮合齿轮泵；crude oilpump 原油泵；crude sewagepump 原生污水泵；crude sludgepump 原生污泥泵；cryopump for LNG 液化天然气用低温泵；cutting oilpump 切削冷却乳剂泵；cycloidal screwpump 摆线锣杠泵；cylindric inductionpump 圆筒感应泵；dbonitepump 衬硬胶泵；deaerator liftpump 除氧器供给泵；deaerator recirculatingpump 除氧器循环泵；decanted sewagepump 滤清污水泵；deck washpump 甲板冲洗泵；deckpump 甲板泵；deepwellpump 深井泵；descalingpump 除氧化皮泵；de-wateringpump 地下水排水泵；diaphragm meteringpump 隔膜式计量泵；diaphragm pistonpump 隔膜活塞泵；diaphragm plungerpump 隔膜柱塞泵；diaphragmpump 隔膜泵；dieaelpump 柴油机驱动泵；differential pistonpump 差动活塞泵；diffuserpump 导页泵；diffusion vaccumpump 扩散真空泵；digeated sludgepump 消化污泥泵，腐泥泵，吸泥泵；digester acid circulatingpump 蒸煮锅酸液循环泵；digester drain pump 蒸煮锅放泄泵；direct acting steam pump 蒸汽直动活塞泵；direct mounted pump 直接安装泵；disc pump 隔膜泵；discharge pump 成品泵；disintegrator pump 碎渣泵；粉碎机泵；dispensing pump 加油站泵；配料泵；district heating pump 地区取热泵；分区供暖泵；diverter pump 粪便泵；分流泵；dock pump 船坞泵；domestic water supply pump 家用供水泵；dosing pump 比例泵；double acting piston pump 双作用活塞泵；double action vane pump 双作用滑片泵；double channel impeller pump 双流道叶轮泵；double entry liquid ring pump 双吸液环泵；double entry screw pump 双吸螺杆泵；double helical gear pump 人字齿齿轮泵；double plunger pump 双柱塞泵；double rotor vane pump 双转子滑片泵；double suction pump 双吸泵；double volute pump 双涡壳泵；double-casing volute pump 双涡壳泵；drainage pump 疏水泵；draining pump 排水泵；dredging pump 挖泥泵；drg dock pump 干船坞泵；drinking water pump 饮用水泵；dry pit pump 干坑泵；dry self-priming pump 干式自吸泵；dry sump pump 干坑泵；dry vacuum pump 干式真空泵；duplex compound steam pump 双缸串联蒸汽直动泵；duplex power pump 双缸曲柄泵；duplex steam pump 双缸蒸汽直动泵；duty pump 值勤泵；dyepump 染料泵；dyke drainagepump 围垦泵；eccentric rotary pump with dividing platepump 带隔片的偏心转子泵；eccentric rotary pump with elastic ringpump 带柔性环的偏心滚柱泵；eccentric rotary pump with sliding sleeve 滑阀型转子泵；eccentric rotarypump 偏心转子泵；eccentrie helical totorpump 偏心螺杆泵；effluentpump 污水泵；electrically driven feedpump 电动给水泵；electrically drivenpump 电动泵；electroimpuisepump 电动冲脉；electromagnetic diaphragmpump 电磁隔膜泵；electro-magnetic jetpump 电磁喷射泵；electromagnetic meteringpump 电磁计量泵；electromagnetic proportioningpump 电磁式比例泵；electromagnetically coupledpump 电磁偶合泵；electromagneticpump 电磁泵；electro-submersible drainagepump 电动潜水排水泵；electro-submersiblepump 电动潜水泵；emergencypump 应急泵；emulsionpump 乳剂泵；enamel lined rotorpump 搪瓷衬里转子泵；enamel linedpump 搪瓷泵；end-packed type pistonpump 端部密封式活塞泵；engine drivenpump 内燃机驱动泵；epoxide resinpump 环氧树脂泵；evacuationpump 起动用抽气泵；evaporator supplypump 清汁泵；external gear pump 外啮合齿轮泵；abration resisting pump 耐磨泵；absorption pump 吸收泵；acid pump 耐酸泵；activated sludge pump 活性污泥泵adjustable diaphragm pump 可调隔膜泵；adjustable discharge gear pump 齿轮比例泵；adsorption vacuum pump 吸附真空泵；agricultural spray pump 喷灌泵；agricultural spray pump for chemicals 农用喷药泵；air lift pump 气泡泵；曼木特泵；气举泵；air operated pump 压缩空气驱动泵；air-powered piston pump 风动活塞泵；air-pressure actuated slurry pump 气动泥浆泵；机驱动泵；flanged overhungpump 法兰悬臂泵；flatvalve axial pistonpump 配流盘式轴向活塞泵；flexible rotarypump 挠型转子泵；flexible tube diaphragmpump 软管式隔膜泵；flexible tube membranpump 软管式隔膜泵；flexible tubepump 软管泵，蠕动泵；flexible vanepump 弹性刮片泵；floating dockpump 浮船坞泵；floating sludgepump 悬浮污泥泵；floatingpump 浮动泵；flood drainagepump 泄洪泵；fluid entrainmentpump 流体喷射泵；fluid jetpump 流体喷射泵；flushingpump 冲洗泵；foodpump 食品泵；foot mountedpump 底脚固定泵；footpump 脚踏泵；forepeakpump 尖舱泵；free pistonpump 自由活塞泵；freonpump 弗里昂泵；fresh waterpump 淡水泵；fuel oil injectionpump 燃油喷射泵；fuel oil supplypump 燃油供给泵；fuelpump 燃油泵；fuelpump 燃油泵；full loadpump 全负荷泵；gas ballastpump 气镇泵；gas bubblepump 气泡泵；气举泵；gas jet vacuumpump 气体喷射真空泵；gas jetpump 气体喷射泵；gas liftpump 气举泵，气体升液泵；gas washingpump 洗气泵；gastight motor drivenpump 气密电动泵；gear dosingpump 齿轮比例泵；gearedpump 齿轮传动泵；gear-on-gearpump 外啮合齿轮泵；gearpump 齿轮泵；gearpump with pressure-dependent axial clearance 轴向间隙压力补偿齿轮泵；gearpump with pressurized side plate 轴向间隙压力补偿齿轮泵；general servicepump 通用泵；glandless meteringpump 无轴封计量泵；glandless pump for refrigerating installation 冷冻装置用无轴封泵；glandlesspump 无轴封泵；glass pump 玻璃泵；governor oil pump 伺服系统油泵；gravel pump 沙石泵；grease pump 滑脂泵；groundwater drainage pump 地下水排水泵；groundwood stock pump 机械木浆泵；half load pump 〈主机〉半负荷泵；hand lift and force 手压抽排泵；手摇泵；hand lift pump 手压提升泵；hand piston pump 手动活塞泵；hand pump 手动泵；手压泵；hard lead pump 硬铅泵；hard rubber lined pump 衬硬胶泵；head pump 水头泵；升水泵；甲板冲洗泵；headstock mounted pump 托架固定泵；heat pump 热泵；heat transfer pump 载热剂泵；heater lift pump 加热器给水泵；heating pump 取暖用泵；heavy medium washery pump 重介质选矿泵；heeling pump 横倾平衡泵；helical gear pump 斜齿齿轮泵；helical rotor pump 单螺杆泵；hermetic screw pump 密闭式螺杆泵；herringbone pump 人字齿持论泵；herringbone pump gear 人字齿齿轮泵；high pressure heater drains pump 高压加热器疏水泵；high pressure pump 高压泵；high speed centrifugal pump 高速离心泵；high speed pump 高速泵；high speed rotodynamic pump 高速叶片泵；high speed turbo pump 高速叶片泵；high temperature pump 高温泵；higher specific speed pump 高比转速泵；hinged cover pump 铰接盖式泵；horizontal pump 卧式泵；horizontal split pump 中开泵；水平中开泵；hot oil pump 热油泵；hot water circulating pump 热水循环泵；hot water pump 热水泵；hot well pump 冷凝泵；热井泵；冷凝水箱泵；hot-well pump 冷凝泵；Humphrey pump 内燃泵；汉弗雷泵；hydraulic 〈pressure〉test pump 试压泵；hydraulic piston pump 液压活塞泵；hydraulic press pump 水压机泵；hydraulic pump 液压泵；hydrophor pump 压力水柜泵；hyperbolic screw pump 双曲线式罗杆泵；idealized pump 理想泵；inclined Archimedean screw pump 螺旋提水机；阿基米德螺旋泵；inclined axial flow pump 斜置轴流泵；inclined piston pump 倾斜活塞泵；inclined rotor pump 斜板泵；inductionpump 感应泵；inertia crankiesspump 惯性无曲柄泵；inertia impulsepump 惯性脉冲泵；injection waterpump 喷水泵；injectionpump 喷射泵；in-line pistonpump 单列式柱塞泵；in-line plungerpump 直列式柱塞泵；in-linepump 直列式柱塞泵，管道泵；inside-packed type pistonpump 内封闭式活塞泵；integral pump 装入式泵；internal gear pump 内啮合齿轮泵；internal-packed type piston pump 内密封式活塞泵；involute cycloidal screw pump 渐开线摆线螺杆泵；ion〈ization〉pump 离子泵；ionization vaccum pump 电离真空泵；irrigation pump 灌溉泵；jacket cooling pump 水套冷却泵；jacketed pump 〈cooled〉冷套泵；jacketed pump 〈heated〉热套泵；jet pump 喷射泵；jet pump with long Venturi tube 长喉管喷射泵；jet pump with short Venturi tube 短喉管喷射泵；jet sludge pump 射流泥浆泵；juice pump 糖汁泵；〈浆〉汁泵；jury pump 应急泵；laboratory pump 实验室泵；labyrinth screw pump 迷宫螺旋泵；land reclamation pump 排涝泵；lantern based pump 灯笼架支承泵；lantern mounted pump 灯笼架固定泵；level control 控制水位用泵；lever operated hand pump 手动泵；手压泵；lime slurry pump 石灰浆泵；limed juice pump 石灰汁泵；linters pump 短棉绒泵；liquid ejector pump 液体喷射泵；liquid manure pump 液体肥料泵；liquid manure spraying pump 液体肥料喷射泵；liquid oxygen pump 液氧泵；liquid pump 液体泵；liquid ring pump 液环泵；liquid rocket turbo pump 液体火箭涡轮泵；loading pump 装载泵；lobe pump 罗茨泵；lobed element pump 罗茨泵；lobular pump 罗茨泵；凸轮泵〈美〉；low pressure pump 低压泵；low sound level pump 低噪音泵；low specific speed pump 低比转速泵；low-speed pump 低速泵；lubricating oil pump 滑油泵；lubricating pump 润滑剂泵；lye pump 耐碱泵；magnectically coupled gear pump 磁力联轴节齿轮泵；main circulating pump 主循环泵；main pump 主泵；mammoth pump 气举泵；气体升液泵；marine pump 船用泵；massecuit pump ` 糖膏泵；mechanical wood pulp pump 机械木浆泵；mechanically driven pump 机械驱动泵；medical pump 医用泵；medium specific speed pump 中比转速泵；megnectic fluid actuating pump 磁蠕动泵；megnectic pump 磁泵，磁感应驱动泵；melt（liquor）pump 熔融液泵；membrane pump with pneumatic drive 气动隔膜泵；mercury air pump 汞（蒸汽）泵；mercury diffusion pump 汞扩散泵；mercury ejector pump 汞喷射泵；mercury vapour jet pump 汞蒸汽喷射泵；mercury（vapour）jet pump 汞蒸汽喷射泵；metering pulse pump 脉动计量泵；metering pump 计量泵；micro-metering pump 微计量泵；middle pressure pump 中压泵；milk of lime pump 石灰乳泵；milk pump 牛奶泵；mine drainage pump 矿井排水泵；mine pump 矿用泵；mixed flow pump 混流泵；mixed flow pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades 可调式混流泵；mixed flow pump with blades adjustable in operation 全可调式混流泵；mixed flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary 半可调式混流泵；mixing pump 混料泵；mobile pump 可移式泵；model pump 模型泵；moderate-speed centrifugal pump 中速离心泵；molasses pump 糖蜜泵；molecular air pump 分子空气泵；molecular drag pump 分子空气泵；molecular pump 分子泵；monitor pump 水力采煤泵；mono pump 单螺杆泵；monoblock pump 直联泵；单体泵；monoblock scoop pump 单体斗式泵；motor driven pump 电动泵；multi cell pump 泵组；multi channel impellerpump 多流道叶轮泵；multi cylinder（reciprocating）pump 多缸往复泵；multi dischargepump 多出口泵；multi flowpump 多流式泵；multi lobepump 多凸轮泵；multi plungerpump 多柱塞泵；multi screwpump 多螺杆泵；multi throw crankpump 多缸曲柄泵；multi throw（reciprocating）pump 多缸往复泵；multinozzle jetpump 多喷嘴喷射泵；multiple gearpump 多齿轮泵；multiplexpump 多缸曲柄泵；multiplexpump 多缸曲柄泵；multipurposepump 多用泵；multistage jet pump 多级喷射泵；multistage segmental type pump 分段式多级泵；multistage turbine pump 分段式多级泵（美）multistage vertical turbine pump 长轴深井泵（美）multistagepump 多级泵；multistagepump with single impeller 单叶轮多级泵；non-clog（-ging）pump 不堵塞泵；non-hermetic screw pump 非密闭式螺杆泵；nontacting sealed selfpriming pump 无接触密封自吸泵；fecalpump 粪便泵；feederpump 接力泵；feedpump 给料泵；filter mudpump 泥浆泵；filter residuepump 滤渣泵；filter-humuspump 生物滤池腐殖质泵；filterpump 过滤泵；final productpump 成品泵；fire（fighting）pump 消防泵；fishpump 鱼泵；fitered juice 清汁泵；five screwpump 五螺杠泵；fixed axial clearance gearpump 恒定轴向间隙齿轮泵；flange mounteapump 法兰悬臂泵；flanged motor drivenpump 法兰式电动oscillating displacement pump 往复泵；paper stock pump 纸浆泵；paramagnetic oxygen pump 顺磁性氧气泵；partial emission pump 切线增压泵；部分流泵；partial load pump （主机）部分负荷泵；peak load pump 高峰负荷泵；pedestal mounted pump 托架固定泵；peripheral pump 旋涡泵；peripherally ported radial piston pump 外配流径向活塞泵；peristaltic pump 软管泵；蠕动泵；petrol station pump 加油站泵；petroleum pump 石油泵；piezoelectric pump 压电泵；pintle valve radial piston pump 轴配流径向活塞泵；pipeline canned motor pump 管道屏蔽泵；pipeline mounted pump 管道泵；pipeline mounted pump with screwed connections 螺纹连接管道泵；pipeline mounted pump with welded connections 焊接管道泵；pipline pump 输油管线泵；管线泵；pisitive displacement pump 容积泵；piston diaphragm pump 活塞隔膜泵；piston metering pump 活塞计量泵；piston pump 活塞泵；piston pump with rotary gate 回转滑阀活塞泵；piston with shakeable cylinder 摆动缸活塞泵；pit barrel pump 矿井筒袋泵；pit pump 矿井泵；pitot pump 斗式泵；皮托泵；pivotal vane centrifugal pump 可调叶片离心泵；planet rotor pelstaltic pump 行星转子型蠕动泵；plastic lined pump 衬塑料泵；plastic pump 塑料泵；plunger metering pump 柱塞计量泵；plunger pump 柱塞泵；pneumatic pump 风动泵；port plate axial piston pump 配流盘式轴向活塞泵；portable canned motor pump 可携式屏蔽电泵；portable fire （fighting）pump 可移式消防用泵；portable pump 可移式泵；positive rotary pump 回转容积泵；power pump 动力往复泵；曲柄泵；power station pump 电厂泵；pressure oil pump 压力油泵；pressure-balanced gear pump 压力补偿齿轮泵；primary coolant booster pump 主冷却剂增压泵；priming pump 起动用罐水泵；process pump 流程泵；product pump 产品泵；物料泵；propeller pump 旋浆泵；propeller pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades 可调式轴流泵；propeller pump with reversible blades , 可逆叶片轴流泵；proportioning pump 比例泵；pull-out type pump 转子可抽出式泵；pulp water pump 纸浆水泵；浆水泵；pulsating （chamber） pump 脉冲容积泵；pump for acid washing of boiler 锅炉酸洗泵；pump for edible fluids 食品泵；pump for liquid ls 液态金属泵；pump for liquid salts 熔盐泵；pump for pipe system 管网泵；pump for water -borne solids 固体输送泵；pump for with bearing bracket 轴承架固定式泵；pump with bowl-type vaned casing 导流壳式多级泵；pump with cyclic electromagnetic drive 电磁驱动泵；pump with enclosed impellers 闭式叶轮泵；pump with external bearing(s) 外轴承泵；pump with internal bearing(s) 内轴承泵pump with mechanical seal 机械密封泵；pump with nonrotating cylinder 固定刚体泵；pump with opposed impellers 相对叶轮泵；背靠背叶轮泵；pump with overhung impeller 悬臂叶轮泵；pump with series or parallel connection impellers 叶轮串并联泵；pump with withdrawable rotor assembly 转子可抽出式泵radial flow （centrifugal）pump 径流泵；radial piston eccentric pump 偏心径向活塞泵；radial piston pump 径向活塞泵；radial piston pump with exterior admission 外配流径向活塞泵；radial piston pump with interior admission 内配流径向活塞泵；radial plunger pump 径向活塞泵；radially split pump 分段泵；径向剖分泵；ram pump 柱塞泵；raw juice circulating pump 原汁循环泵；raw juice pump 原汁泵；raw liquor pump 粗糖泵；原液泵；raw sewage pump 原生污水泵；raw sludge pump 原生污泥泵；raw water service pump 清水泵；供水泵；reactor pump 反应堆泵；reciprocating pump 往复泵；reciprocating pump with counterrunning piston 对向活塞泵；reciprocating pump with pistons in V-type arrangement V型活塞泵；reciprocating pump with unidirectional piston 单向活塞泵；recycle pump 再循环泵；reflux pump 回流泵；refrigerating medium pump 冷煤泵；regenerative pump 旋涡泵；resonance diaphragm pump 谐振隔膜泵；return sludge pump 回流污泥泵；reversible pump 可逆泵；reversible screw pump 可逆式螺杆泵；rocker arm pump 变行程往复泵；rocking arm pump 杆式泵；rocking pintle piston pump 扭转活塞泵；roller pump 滚轮泵；roller vane pump 转子滑片泵；rolling piston radial pump 径向旋转活塞泵；rolling vane pump 回转滑片泵；Root's vacuum pump 罗茨真空泵；rotaru piston pump with slide gate ！pump 滑阀式回转活塞泵；rotary meterring pump 回转式计量泵；rotary piston libe type pump 罗茨泵；凸轮泵；rotary piston pump 回转式活塞泵；rotary plunger pump 回转式柱塞泵；rotary pump 回转泵；rotary vaccum pump 回转式真空泵；rotary vaccum pump with liquid piston 液体活塞式转子真空泵；rotary vane pump 回转式滑片泵；rotary vane vaccum pump 回转式叶片真空泵；rotary-block radial pump 缸体旋转式径向活塞泵；rotary-displacement pump 回转式容积泵；rotating vane pump 回转式滑片泵；rotative reciprocating pump 曲柄泵；rotodynamic pump 叶片泵；rotoplunger pump 梭心转子泵；rotor diaphragm pump 转子隔膜泵；rotor pump 转子泵；rubber lined pump 衬胶泵；rubber lined vaccum 衬胶真空泵；salvage pump 救助泵；sand pump 沙泵；sanitary pump 卫生泵；scoop pump 斗式泵；screw pump 螺杆泵；screw pump with square thread 方形螺杆泵；screw vane pump 螺旋形滑片泵；sea water pump 海水泵；sealed screw pump 密闭式螺杆泵；sediment pump 沉积物泵；seed（ing）sludge pump 腐泥引进泵；接种污泥泵；segmental type pump 分段式多级泵；self-filling pump 自灌泵；self-priming pump 自吸泵；self-priming pump with inner recirculation 内混合型自吸泵；self-priming pump with outer recirculation 外混合型自吸泵；self-priming pump with recirculation 混合型自吸泵；semi-axial flow pump 混流泵；semi-axial flow pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades 可调式混流泵；semi-rotary（wing） pump 摆动泵；separate valve box type piston pump 分置阀室式活塞泵；service pump 值勤泵；sewage broad irrigation pump 污水泛灌泵；sewage irrigation spray pump 污水喷灌泵；sewage pump 污水泵；shaft pump 矿井泵；shallow well pump 浅井泵；ships pump 船用泵；shuttle-block pump 梭心转子泵；side channel pump 侧流道泵；side pot type piston pump 分置阀式活塞泵；side suction pump 侧吸泵；simplex power pump 单杠曲柄泵；simplex steam pump 单杠蒸汽直动泵；single （power）pump 单杠曲柄泵（美）；single （steam）pump 单杠蒸汽直动泵（美）；single action piston pump 单作用活塞泵；single action vane pump 单作用滑片泵；single cell vane pump 单作用滑片泵；single channel impeller pump 单流道叶轮泵；single cylinder （reciprocating） pump 单杠往复泵；single entry pump 单吸泵；single lobe pump 单凸轮泵；single plunger pump 单柱塞泵；single power pump 单杠曲柄泵（美）；single stage pump 单吸泵；single steam pump 单杠蒸汽直动泵（美）；single suction pump 单吸泵；sinking pump 吊泵；skid mounted pump 撬式泵；滑移泵；skirt mounted pump 灯笼架支承泵；sliding vane pump 滑片泵；sliding vane vacuum pump 滑片真空泵；slipper pump 滑履式泵；sludge liquor pump 浆液泵；污泥液泵；sludge pump 污泥泵；slurry pump 浆液泵；smalll load pump （主机）低负荷泵；soft rubber lined pump 衬软胶泵；solid （handling）pump 固体输送泵；sorption pump 吸收泵；spare pump 库存泵；备用泵；spary pond pump 喷淋池泵；spary pump 喷洒泵；喷淋泵；sprinkler system supply pump 消防喷淋系统供水泵；spur gear pump 正齿轮泵；square thread screw pump 矩形螺杆泵；stage casing pump 分段式多级泵；stainless steel pump 不锈钢泵；standard pump 标准泵；stand-by circulating pump 备用循环泵；stand-by pump 备用泵；starting up pump 起动用泵；starting up stand-by pump 起动备用泵；stationary pump 固定式泵；steam jet pump 蒸汽喷射泵；steam jet vaccum 蒸汽喷射真空泵；steam pump 蒸汽泵；stock drain water pump 纸浆废水泵；stock water pump 纸浆稀释水泵；storage pump 蓄能泵；storm water pump 暴雨排水泵；straight through type piston pump 直通活塞泵；straight way type piston pump 直通活塞泵（美）；straw pulp pump 草浆泵；stripping pump 扫仓泵；清仓泵；sublimation pump 升华泵；提纯泵；submerged pump 潜水泵；submerged screw pump 潜液式螺杆泵；suction booster pump 吸入增压泵；suction box water pump 吸水箱水泵；sudspump 冷却乳剂泵；肥皂液泵；sugar liquor pump 糖汁泵；sump pump 凹坑排水泵；sundyne pump 切线增压泵；部分流泵；super cavitation pump 超汽蚀泵；supernatant liquor pump 清泥液泵；super-pressure pump 超高压泵；supersonic pump 超声速泵；surface wash pump 表洗泵；suspended pump 悬挂式泵；suspension pump 悬浮液泵；Sven-Pedersen pump 吸水箱水泵；swash plate operated（reciprocating） pump 斜盘式（往复）泵；swing gate piston pump 摆阀式活塞泵；swinging vane pump 摆动滑片泵；syrup（extraction） pump 糖浆泵；tailings pump 尾矿泵；tank drainage pump 罐柜抽泄泵；tank residue pump 油罐残油泵；tanker pump 油罐车泵；tannery fleshings pump 鞣革液泵；telemotor pump 伺服系统油泵；ther‘moelectromagnetic pump 热电磁泵；thick sludge pump 沉积物泵；three cell vane pump 三作用滑片泵；three channel impeller pump 三流道叶片泵；three cylinder reciprocating pump 三缸往复泵；three lobe pump 三叶凸轮泵；three screw pump 三螺杆泵；three throw crank pump 三缸曲柄泵；three throw reciprocating pump 三缸往复泵；tilting cylinder block type axial plunger 斜缸型轴向柱塞泵；titanium alloy pump 钛合金泵；top inlet pump 顶端吸入泵；top return pump 回流泵；top suction pump 顶端吸入泵；torque flow pump 旋流泵；土拉泵；tractor pump 拖拉机泵；transportable pump 可移式泵；trapezoid screw pump 梯形螺杆泵；treble ram pump 三柱塞泵；trench pump 基坑排水泵；trimming pump 纵倾平衡泵；triple plunger pump 三柱塞泵；triplex pump 三缸曲柄泵；trochoid rotor pump 次摆线转子泵；trochoid screw pump 次摆线螺杆泵；tubewell pump 管式深井泵；tubular type axial flow pump 管流泵；直管轴流泵；turbine driven pump 汽轮机驱动泵；turbine feed pump 汽轮机直联给水泵；turbine pump 泵-水轮机；turbine pump with reversible blades 叶片可逆转的泵-水轮机；turbo pump 叶片泵；turf pump 泥煤泵；Turo pump 土拉泵；旋流泵；turret type piston pump 阀箱式活塞泵（美）；twin cylinder reciprocating pump 双缸往复泵；twin lobe pump 双凸轮旋转活塞泵；twin vane pump 双滑片泵；two cell vane pump 双作用滑片泵；two cylinder reciprocating pump 双缸往复泵；two diaphragm pump 双隔膜泵；two rotor radial piston pump 双转子径向活塞泵；two screw pump 双螺杆泵；two stage pump 两级泵；ultrahigh vacuum pump 超高真空泵；unchokeable pump 不堵塞泵；unit construction pump 直联泵；universal pump 通用泵；vacuum displacement pump 容积式真空泵；vacuum pump 真空泵；valve box type piston pump 阀室式活塞泵；valve deck plate type piston pump 阀板式活塞泵；valve plate axial piston pump 配流盘式轴向活塞泵；valve plate type piston pump 阀板式活塞泵（美）；valve spindle radial piston pump 轴配流径向活塞泵；valve type piston pump 阀形活塞泵；valveless diaphragm pump 无阀隔膜泵；valveless pump 无阀活塞泵；valveless vibration pump 无阀振动泵；vane pump 叶片泵；variable area ratio jet pump 变量喷射泵；variable capacity pump 变量泵；variable capacity screw 变量螺杆泵；variable output pump 变量泵；variable reluctance motor pump 可变磁阻电动机泵；variable speed pump 变速泵；variable stroke reciprocating pump 变形程往复泵；vertical barrel pump 立式筒袋泵；vertical mounted pump 立式框架固定泵；vertical process pump 立式流程泵；vertical pump 立式泵；vertical turbine pump 深井泵；viscose spinning pump 纺丝泵；volute pump 涡壳泵；vortex pump 旋涡泵；vortex pump with open impeller 开式旋涡泵；vortex pump with shrouded impeller pump 闭式旋涡泵；v-type piston pump V型活塞泵；vuel oil transferpump 燃油转送泵；walking beam pump 杆式泵；wall mounted pump 壁式泵；warm water pump 温水泵；washery pump 清洗泵；washing pump 清洗泵；waste paper pulp pump 废纸浆泵；waster water 污水泵；water conveying pump 供水泵；water jet propulsion axial flow pump 喷水推进轴流泵；water jet pump 水喷射泵；water pump 水泵；water ring pump 水环泵；water ring vaccum pump 水环真空泵；water service pump 自来水泵；water supply pump 供水泵；wear resisting pump 耐磨泵；Westco pump 旋涡泵（美）；wet motor pump 湿式电动机泵；wet pit pump 湿坑泵（美）；wet sump pump 湿坑泵；wet vacuum pump 湿式真空泵；wheel and bucket pump 斗轮水车；戽斗水车；windmill （driven） pump 风车驱动泵；wobble plate axial piston pump 斜盘式轴向活塞泵；wood pulp pump 木浆泵；wood stock pump 木浆泵；obleque plate pump 斜板泵；oil burner pump 燃油喷射泵；oil cooler pump 油冷却泵；oil diffusion pump 油扩散泵；oil ejector booster pump 油喷射增压泵；oil ejector pump 油喷射泵；oil field pump 油田泵；oil line pump 输油管线泵；管线泵；oil pump 油泵；。

Chapter 1 The Frequently Used-vocabularyIn Well Control井控常用词汇1.abnormal pressure 异常压力(normalpressure,正常压力 higher-than-expected/normal pressure,lower-than-normal pressureabnormally high pressureabnormally low pressure2.accumulator储能器3.accumulator bottle储能器瓶4.acid fracture酸裂5.adjustable choke可调节流阀6.annular blowout preventer (BOP)环型防喷器(ram BOP) bag BOP7.annular pressure/casing pressure环空压力(套压)(drillpipe pressure立压) pitgain8.annular space环空(annulus)9.annular velocity环空上返速度10.anticline 背斜11.atmospheric pressure 大气压(0.1Mpa)(1at)12.background gas背景气13.back off 倒扣/卸扣 make up14.back-pressure 回压 check/单向阀non-return valve回压凡尔15.barite BaSO4重晶石16.barium sulfate BaSO417.barrel (bbl) gallon/加仑1m3=6.2897bbl18.bell nipple 钟型导向短节,(喇叭口)19.BHP (bottom hole pressure)20.bleed 放喷21.bleed line放喷管线22.blind ram 全封闸板pipe ram 半封闸板shear ram 剪切闸板23.blind ram preventer全封闸板防喷器24.blowout 井喷(kick 井涌)25.blowout preventer control panel防喷器控制面板 console26.blowout preventer control unit防喷器控制系统27.blowout sticking 井喷卡钻28.BOP stack防喷器组29.bottom hole pressure test井底压力测试/DST----drill stem test中途测试30.bottoms up 上返行程/lag time31.bottoms-up time上返时间lag time 迟到时间32.Boyle’s law 波依耳定律33.bridging materials桥堵材料34.bullheading 压回地层压井法35.cased hole 下入套管的井眼open hole section裸眼段36.casing套管 collar 钻铤37.casing burst pressure套管破裂压力38.casing point 套管下深39.casing pressure套压40.casing seat 套管座41.casing string 套管柱42.cement n.水泥43.cement plug水泥塞44.change ram 更换闸板45.charles’s law 查尔斯定律(V1/T1=V2/T2)46.check valve 单向阀47.choke 节流阀48.choke line节流管线49.choke manifold节流管汇/kill manifold50.circulate-and-weight method 循环加重法51.concurrent method /同步法52.circulating components循环系统53.circulating density循环密度 ECD54.circulating fluid=drillingfluid=mud/slurry55.circulating head 循环头56.circulating pressure循环压力57.circulation循环lost circulation 井漏58.clay hydration 粘土水化59.closed-in pressureshut-in pressure 关井压力60.concurrent method同步法61.condition v.处理,改善, 调整62.connate water 原生水63.connection gas 接单根气64.constant choke-pressure method 恒节流压力法65.constant pit-level method 恒泥浆池液面法pit gain 泥浆池增量66.crystallization 结晶地层67.degasser 除气器68.diverter 分流器69.diverter line分流器管线70.drag 旋转阻力71.driller’s BOP control panel 司钻控制台72.driller’s method 司钻法 wait-and-weightmethod 等待加重法/工程师法73.drilling break 钻速突快/放空74.drilling fluid=drilling mud 钻井液75.drilling rate 机械钻速ROP—rate of penetrationm/h drilling time—钻时 min/m76.drilling under pressure/under balancepressure drilling UBD欠平衡钻井drilling over pressure /过平衡near-balance pressure drilling/近平衡77.drill pipe float 钻杆浮阀78.drill pipe pressure 立压79.drill pipe pressure gauge立压表80.drill pipe safety valve钻杆安全阀Kelly cock81.drill stem 钻柱 drill string82.DST---drilling stem test /中途测试/unintentional kick/intentional kick83.drill under pressure v.84.ECD---equivalent circulating density 等效/当量循环密度85.entrained gas 气侵气gas-cut mud/气侵泥浆86.explosive fracture 爆破压裂87.fault 断层88.fill line 灌浆管线 fill-up line89.fill the hole v. 灌浆90.fill-up rate灌浆速度91.filter cake 滤饼92.filter loss 滤失量93.filter press 失水仪94.final circulating pressure /FCP终了循环压力/ICP---initial circulating pressure95.flow check 溢流检测96.formation breakdown pressure 地层破裂压力/leak-off test97.formation competency test 地层承压能力测试98.formation fluid地层流体99.formation fracture gradient地层破裂压力梯度100.formation pressure地层压力101.formation strength地层强度102.fracture 裂缝103.fracture pressure破裂压力104.friction loss压耗105.gas气体106.gas buster=mud-gas separator泥浆-气体分离器 Poor boy107.gas-cut mud气侵泥浆108.gas cutting气侵109.gas detection analyzer气体检测仪110.geopressured shales地压页岩111.geostatic pressure地静压力112.geothermal gradient地温梯度113.guide shoe引鞋114.gunk plug油泥塞115.hang off116.hard shut-in硬关井117.soft shut-in软关井118.head 静压头119.hole geometry/hole size井眼尺寸120.hydraulic control pod液控箱121.hydril海德尔/122.hydrogen sulfide H2S123.hydrostatic pressure静液压力124.IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors IWCF--forum 125.ICP 初始循环压力initial circulating pressureFCP 终了循环压力final circulating pressure123. inside blowout preventer钻具内防喷器inside BOPinternal BOP126.interstitial water 原生水=connate water 127.invert-emulsion mud逆乳化泥浆oil-base mud128.Kelly cock 旋塞upper kelly cock上旋塞lower kelly cock下旋塞126． kick 井涌/overflow127． kick fluids井涌流体129.kick tolerance井涌允许量130.kill v. 压井well-kill n.131.killing fluid压井液 MWI----mud weight increase = 102P d/H 132.kill line 压井管线133.kill rate 压井泵速134.kill-rate pressure压井泵压135.kill sheet压井施工单fill in 填写133． kill string 压井管柱leak-off test 漏失测试136.log 测井137.log a well v. 测井138.logging device测井仪139.loss of circulation 井漏140.lost circulation井漏141.lost circulation additives堵漏剂140 lost circulation materialsLCM堵漏材料141．lost circulation plug堵漏塞142．lost returns 井漏143．lubricate 润滑v.144. macaroni string145. matrix acidizing基岩酸化146．maximum allowable surface pressure MASP/MAASP=P f - P m最大允许关井套压 MACP 147．measured depth MD测深层TVD =true vertical depth垂深I．D 内径O．D外径148．Minerals Management Service 149. mud additive泥浆添加剂150．mud analysis logging泥浆录井151. mud column泥浆柱152. mud conditioning处理泥浆153. mud density recorder泥浆密度记录仪154. mud-flow indicator泥浆流速指示器 mud-flow sensor155. mud-gas separator泥浆气体分离器156. mud gradient 泥浆压力梯度G m=0.00981ρm157. mud-level recorder泥浆液面记录仪158. mud log 泥浆日志159. mud logger 泥浆测量员160. mud pit 泥浆池161. mud program 泥浆配方162. mud pump 泥浆泵163. mud return line /ditch泥浆槽164. mud system 泥浆体系165. mud tank 泥浆罐166. mud weight 泥浆比重167. nipple up 安装防喷器nipple down拆防喷器168. normal circulation 正常循环169. normal formation pressure正常地层压力 0.00981----- 0.010496 Mpa/m170. OCS --- Outer Continental Shelf 外大陆架171. OCS orders外大陆架法规172. oil-base mud 油基泥浆173. oil- emulsion mud油基乳化泥浆174. open裸眼井,空井 open hole175. overburden pressure上覆岩层压力176. permeability 渗透性 impermeability 177. pipe ram preventer半封闸板防喷器178. pit gain 泥浆池增量179.pit-level indicator/recorder泥浆液面指示器180. pit-volume recorder 泥浆体积记录仪181.Pit Volume Totalizer(PVT)泥浆体积累计器182. plug 塞子183. plug back 回填v.184. plugging material 填井材料cement185. positive choke节流negative differential pressure负压差186. pounds per cubic foot磅/英尺3187. pounds per gallon(ppg)磅/加仑 1g/cm3 = 8.33ppgfresh water /brine188. pounds per square inch gauge(psig) 磅/英寸2压力表189. pounds per square inch per foot psi/ft 磅/英寸2/英尺-----压力梯度单位190. pressure drop 压力降191. pressure gauge 压力表192. pressure gradient 压力梯度193. pressure-integrity test 压力完整性测试194. pressure loss压力损失195. preventer packer防喷器胶芯196. rate of penetration (ROP)机械钻速 m/hr 197. reduced circulating pressure(RCP)降低的循环压力 SCR—slow circulating rate 198. remote BOP control panel =drill’s BOP control panel防喷器遥控面板199. remote choke panel节流阀遥控面板200. returns 返出物201. reverse circulation 反循环202． reverse drilling break 钻速突慢203．rotating blowout preventer 旋转防喷器204．rotating head 旋转头205．safety valve 安全阀206．saturation point 饱和点207．set point =casing depth 套管下深208．setting depth 套管固深209．shale 页岩/泥页sand210．shallow gas 浅气层211．shear ram 剪切闸板212．shut in v.关井213．shut-in n. 关井214. shut-in bottomhole pressure(SIBHP) 215. shut-in casing pressure(SICP)关井套压SIDPP216. shut-in drill pipe pressure(SIDPP) 关井立压 occur a kick 发生井涌 a kick hasoccurred217. snub 不压井起下钻218. snubber不压井起下钻装置219. snubbing line不压井起下钻管线220. snubbing unit = snubber221. stack 防喷器组222. strip a well v. 强行起下钻223. stripper head 封井头224. stripper rubber 橡胶刮泥器225. stripping强行起下钻作业226. stripping in 强行下钻pull out of the hole 227. stripping out 强行起钻228. strip pipe强行起钻229. stump pressure test 抗冲击压力测试230. subsea BOP 海底防喷器231. subsea choke-line valve 海底节流管线阀232. surface stack 地面防喷器组233. surging 激动压力234. swab v. 抽汲 swabbing波动压力---- swab-surge235. swabbed show抽汲显示236. swabbing 抽汲效应237. swabbing effect 抽汲效应238. temperature gradient 温度梯度239. total depth (TD)总深 MD = measured depth240. transition zone 过渡带241. trip gas 起下钻气242. trip margin 起钻安全余量243. trip tank 灌浆罐244. true vertical pressure (TVD)垂深245. tubingless completion 无油管完井workover/修井 service rig246. underground blowout 地下井喷247. upper kelly cock 上旋塞248. wait-and-weight method 等待加重法(工程师法)249. water-base mud 水基泥浆250. water hammer 水击251. wellbore =well=hole 井眼252. wellbore pressure 井眼压力253. well control 井控254. well kick 井涌255. wetability 润湿性256. wild well 失控井/自喷井257. out of control well失控井Chapter 2 The Basic Concepts of Well Control井控的基本概念blowout1. 井喷的危害/The harms of1.1井喷失控的危害性/ The harms of out ofcontrol for blowoutThink of danger in time of peace居安思危1.2 国内几起典型的井喷事故/The typicalblow out incident in our country2.井喷失控的原因/The causes of out of control for blowout3.对井控工作的正确认识/The correct view to well control4.做好井控工作的对策/The policy toimplement well control operation5.井控及其相关的概念/well control and relevant concepts5.1井控/well control /kick control/pressurecontrol-----井控是对油气井压力控制的简称/well control is control abbreviation tooil/gas well pressure.控制地层压力→实现近平衡压力钻井→保护油气层→提高采收率→延长油井使用寿命。

化学专业术语英语对照来源：发布时间：2011年4月7日爆炸界限 explosion limits霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula聚沉值 coagulation value聚沉 coagulation聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte精馏 rectify键焓bond enthalpy触变 thixotropy解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption简并度 degeneracy感胶离子序 lyotropic series催化剂 catalyst隔离法the isolation method隔离系统 isolated system道尔顿定律 Dalton law道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law超电势 over potential缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程 equation at constant temperature等焓线isenthalpic line等焓过程 isenthalpic process等几率定理 theorem of equal probability焦耳定律 Joule';s law焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳Joule敞开系统 open system菲克扩散第一定律 Fick’s first law of diffusion 粗分散系统 thick disperse system第三定律熵 third-law entropy第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind 第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind 盖斯定律 Hess law盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law焓 enthalpy混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture接触角 contact angle接触电势contact potential弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter常见术语基态能级 energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions高会溶点 upper consolute point高分子溶液 macromolecular solution胶凝作用 demulsification胶核 colloidal nucleus胶束micelle胶冻 broth jelly胶体粒子 colloidal particles胶体化学 collochemistry胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid胶体 colloid胶团 micelle积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance 爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence浸湿功 immersion wetting work浸湿 immersion wetting格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law根均方速率 root-mean-square speed费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index绝热过程 adiabatic process绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory结晶热heat of crystallization结线 tie line科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions界面张力 surface tension界面 interfaces玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula独立子系统 independent particle system活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化能activation energy活化络合物理论 activated complex theory标准熵 standard entropy标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode标准态 standard state标准状况 standard condition标准压力 standard pressure标准电极电势 standard electrode potential标准电动势 standard electromotive force标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law查理定律 Charle’s law挥发度volatility恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热 heat at constant volume恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure恒外压 constant external pressure封闭系统 closed system复合反应composite reaction饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure饱和蒸气 saturated vapor饱和液体 saturated liquids饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption非基元反应 non-elementary reactions非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 非体积功 non-volume work规定熵 stipulated entropy表面活性剂surfactants表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law表面张力 surface tension表面吸附量 surface excess表面过程控制 surface process control表面 surfaces表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight表观活化能apparent activation energy表观迁移数apparent transference number范德华常数 van der Waals constant范德华气体 van der Waals gases范德华方程 van der Waals equation范德华力 van der Waals force范特霍夫渗透压公式 van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 范特霍夫规则 van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫方程 van’t Hoff equation环境熵变 entropy change in environment环境 environment波义尔温度 Boyle temperature波义尔点 Boyle point波义尔定律 Boyle law法拉第常数 faraday constant法拉第定律 Faraday’s law泊Poise沸点升高 elevation of boiling point沸点 boiling point构型熵configurational entropy定域子系统 localized particle system定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固相线 solid phase line固态混合物 solid solution单链反应 straight chain reactions单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应 unimolecular reaction附加压力 excess pressure阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law阿马格定律 Amagat law沉降电势 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降 sedimentation极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity极化作用 polarization极化曲线 polarization curves极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 杠杆规则 lever rule低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低共熔点 eutectic point低会溶点 lower consolute point亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过热液体 overheated liquid过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过冷液体 overcooled liquid过冷水 super-cooled water负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption安托万常数 Antoine constant安托万方程 Antoine equation多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion吉布斯函数 Gibbs function吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉氏函数 Gibbs function动力学控制 kinetics control动力学方程kinetic equations共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature光谱熵 spectrum entropy光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry价数规则 rule of valence产率 yield亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流过程 throttling process艾林方程 Erying equation电解池 electrolytic cell电量计 coulometer电渗析 electrodialysis电渗 electroosmosis电流效率current efficiency电泳 electrophoresis电极种类 type of electrodes电极电势 electrode potential电极反应 reactions on the electrode电迁移率 electromobility电迁移 electro migration电池常数 cell constant电池电动势 electromotive force of cells电池反应 cell reaction电导率 conductivity电导 conductance电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势 zeta potential电功electric work电化学极化 electrochemical polarization电化学 electrochemistry甘汞电极 calomel electrode弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 布朗运动 brownian movement对称数 symmetry number对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state对行反应reversible reactions对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume对比温度 reduced temperature对比体积 reduced volume对比压力 reduced pressure卡诺循环 Carnot cycle卡诺定理 Carnot theorem半衰期half time period半电池half cell功函work content功 work计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient计量式 stoichiometric equation比浓粘度 reduced viscosity比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function 比表面功 specific surface work开尔文公式 Kelvin formula反渗透 reverse osmosis反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate反应速率rate of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应进度 extent of reaction反应级数 reaction orders反应分子数 molecularity反电动势back E.M.F.化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学势 chemical potential化学吸附 chemisorptions化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction分解电压 decomposition voltage分散相 dispersion phase分散系统 disperse system分配定律 distribution law分体积定律 partial volume law分体积 partial volume分压定律 partial pressure law分压 partial pressure分布数 distribution numbers分布 distribution分子蒸馏molecular distillation分子间力 intermolecular force分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆过程 irreversible process广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property几率因子 steric factor二级相变second order phase change二级反应second order reaction丁达尔效应 Dyndall effectζ电势 zeta potentialpVT性质 pVT propertyHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodDLVO理论 DLVO theoryBET公式BET formula可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程 Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gase理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles 连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物 chain carrier链反应 chain reactions量热熵 calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率 quantum yield临界参数 critical parameter临界常数 critical constant临界点 critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume临界温度 critical temperature临界压力 critical pressure临界状态 critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势 streaming potential流动功 flow work笼罩效应 cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点 dew point露点线 dew point line麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary毛细现象 capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant摩尔电导率 molar conductivity摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant摩尔热容 molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制 internal diffusions control内能 internal energy内压力 internal pressure能级 energy levels能级分布 energy level distribution能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy 能斯特方程 Nernst equation能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem凝固点 freezing point凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线 freezing point curve凝胶 gelatin凝聚态 condensed state凝聚相 condensed phase浓差超电势 concentration over-potential浓差极化 concentration polarization浓差电池 concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点 bubble point泡点线 bubble point line配分函数 partition function配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面 collision cross section碰撞数 the number of collisions偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数 partition function of translation平衡分布 equilibrium distribution平衡态 equilibrium state平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram平均活度 mean activity平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳 demulsification铺展 spreading普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation其它功 the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶 aerosol气体常数 gas constant气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶 aerosol气相线 vapor line迁移数 transport number潜热latent heat强度量 intensive quantity强度性质 intensive property亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol氢电极 hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热 heat热爆炸 heat explosion热泵 heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机 heat engine热机效率 efficiency of heat engine热力学 thermodynamics热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率 thermodynamic probability热力学能 thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线 melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶 colloidal sol溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy溶液 solution溶胀 swelling乳化剂 emulsifier乳状液 emulsion润湿 wetting润湿角 wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点 triple point三相平衡线 triple-phase line熵 entropy熵判据 entropy criterion熵增原理 principle of entropy increase渗透压 osmotic pressure渗析法 dialytic process生成反应 formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体 real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule 松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step 塔费尔公式 Tafel equation态－态反应 state-state reactions唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium淌度 mobility特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity体积功 volume work统计权重 statistical weight统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics 统计熵 statistic entropy途径 path途径函数 path function外扩散控制 external diffusion control完美晶体 perfect crystalline完全气体 perfect gas微观状态 microstate微态 microstate韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程 virial equation维里系数 virial coefficient稳流过程 steady flow process稳态近似法 stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学 Physical Chemistry物理吸附 physisorptions吸附 adsorption吸附等量线 adsorption isostere吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm吸附等压线 adsorption isobar吸附剂 adsorbent吸附量 extent of adsorption吸附热 heat of adsorption吸附质 adsorbate析出电势 evolution or deposition potential析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓 dilution enthalpy系统 system系统点 system point系统的环境 environment of system相 phase相变 phase change相变焓 enthalpy of phase change相变化 phase change相变热 heat of phase change相点 phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度 relative viscosity相律 phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图 phase diagram相倚子系统 system of dependent particles悬浮液 suspension循环过程 cyclic process压力商 pressure quotient压缩因子 compressibility factor压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态 metastable state盐桥 salt bridge盐析 salting out阳极 anode杨氏方程 Young’s equation液体接界电势 liquid junction potential液相线 liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度 fugacity逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity阴极 cathode荧光 fluorescence永动机 perpetual motion machine永久气体 Permanent gas有效能 available energy原电池 primary cell原盐效应 salt effect增比粘度 specific viscosity憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol沾湿 adhesional wetting沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting真溶液 true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体 real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数 partition function of vibration振动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降 depression of vapor pressure正常沸点 normal point正吸附 positive adsorption支链反应 branched chain reactions直链反应 straight chain reactions指前因子 pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功 shaft work转动配分函数 partition function of rotation转动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率 convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态 state状态方程 state equation状态分布 state distribution状态函数 state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应 pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用 auto-catalysis自由度 degree of freedom自由度数 number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数 component number最低恒沸点 lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点 upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度 optimal reaction temperature最可几分布 most probable distribution最可几速率 most propable speed化学专业术语英语对照来源：发布时间：2011年4月7日爆炸界限 explosion limits霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula聚沉值 coagulation value聚沉 coagulation聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte精馏 rectify键焓bond enthalpy触变 thixotropy解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 简并度 degeneracy感胶离子序 lyotropic series催化剂 catalyst隔离法the isolation method隔离系统 isolated system道尔顿定律 Dalton law道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law超电势 over potential缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption 等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程 equation at constant temperature等焓线isenthalpic line等焓过程 isenthalpic process等几率定理 theorem of equal probability焦耳定律 Joule';s law焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳Joule敞开系统 open system菲克扩散第一定律 Fick’s first law of diffusion 粗分散系统 thick disperse system第三定律熵 third-law entropy第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind 第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind 盖斯定律 Hess law盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law焓 enthalpy混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture接触角 contact angle接触电势contact potential弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter常见术语基态能级 energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions高会溶点 upper consolute point高分子溶液 macromolecular solution胶凝作用 demulsification胶核 colloidal nucleus胶束micelle胶冻 broth jelly胶体粒子 colloidal particles胶体化学 collochemistry胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid胶体 colloid胶团 micelle积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 浸湿功 immersion wetting work浸湿 immersion wetting格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law根均方速率 root-mean-square speed费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index绝热过程 adiabatic process绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory结晶热heat of crystallization结线 tie line科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions界面张力 surface tension界面 interfaces玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula独立子系统 independent particle system活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化能activation energy活化络合物理论 activated complex theory标准熵 standard entropy标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode标准态 standard state标准状况 standard condition标准压力 standard pressure标准电极电势 standard electrode potential标准电动势 standard electromotive force标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law查理定律 Charle’s law挥发度volatility恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热 heat at constant volume恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure恒外压 constant external pressure封闭系统 closed system复合反应composite reaction饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure饱和蒸气 saturated vapor饱和液体 saturated liquids饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption非基元反应 non-elementary reactions非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 非体积功 non-volume work规定熵 stipulated entropy表面活性剂surfactants表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law表面张力 surface tension表面吸附量 surface excess表面过程控制 surface process control表面 surfaces表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight表观活化能apparent activation energy表观迁移数apparent transference number范德华常数 van der Waals constant范德华气体 van der Waals gases范德华方程 van der Waals equation范德华力 van der Waals force范特霍夫渗透压公式 van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 范特霍夫规则 van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫方程 van’t Hoff equation环境熵变 entropy change in environment环境 environment波义尔温度 Boyle temperature波义尔点 Boyle point波义尔定律 Boyle law法拉第常数 faraday constant法拉第定律 Faraday’s law泊Poise沸点升高 elevation of boiling point沸点 boiling point构型熵configurational entropy定域子系统 localized particle system定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固相线 solid phase line固态混合物 solid solution单链反应 straight chain reactions单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption 单分子反应 unimolecular reaction附加压力 excess pressure阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law阿马格定律 Amagat law沉降电势 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降 sedimentation极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity极化作用 polarization极化曲线 polarization curves极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 杠杆规则 lever rule低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低共熔点 eutectic point低会溶点 lower consolute point亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过热液体 overheated liquid过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过冷液体 overcooled liquid过冷水 super-cooled water负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption安托万常数 Antoine constant安托万方程 Antoine equation多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion吉布斯函数 Gibbs function吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉氏函数 Gibbs function动力学控制 kinetics control动力学方程kinetic equations共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature光谱熵 spectrum entropy光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry 光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry 价数规则 rule of valence产率 yield亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流过程 throttling process艾林方程 Erying equation电解池 electrolytic cell电量计 coulometer电渗析 electrodialysis电渗 electroosmosis电流效率current efficiency电泳 electrophoresis电极种类 type of electrodes电极电势 electrode potential电极反应 reactions on the electrode电迁移率 electromobility电迁移 electro migration电池常数 cell constant电池电动势 electromotive force of cells电池反应 cell reaction电导率 conductivity电导 conductance电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势 zeta potential电功electric work电化学极化 electrochemical polarization电化学 electrochemistry甘汞电极 calomel electrode弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption布朗运动 brownian movement对称数 symmetry number对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state对行反应reversible reactions对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume对比温度 reduced temperature对比体积 reduced volume对比压力 reduced pressure卡诺循环 Carnot cycle卡诺定理 Carnot theorem半衰期half time period半电池half cell功函work content功 work计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient计量式 stoichiometric equation比浓粘度 reduced viscosity比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function 比表面功 specific surface work开尔文公式 Kelvin formula反渗透 reverse osmosis反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate反应速率rate of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应进度 extent of reaction反应级数 reaction orders反应分子数 molecularity反电动势back E.M.F.化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学势 chemical potential化学吸附 chemisorptions化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction分解电压 decomposition voltage分散相 dispersion phase分散系统 disperse system分配定律 distribution law分体积定律 partial volume law分体积 partial volume分压定律 partial pressure law分压 partial pressure分布数 distribution numbers分布 distribution分子蒸馏molecular distillation分子间力 intermolecular force分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆过程 irreversible process广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property几率因子 steric factor二级相变second order phase change二级反应second order reaction丁达尔效应 Dyndall effectζ电势 zeta potentialpVT性质 pVT propertyHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodDLVO理论 DLVO theoryBET公式BET formula可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程 Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gase理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物 chain carrier链反应 chain reactions量热熵 calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics。

流体力学专业名词续渐变流gradually varied flow 急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity运动粘性kinematic viscosity动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation湍流分离turbulent separation分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness动量厚度momentum thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme 穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵amplification matrix 阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method。

Fundamental Glossary in HydraulicsHydrostatics 水静力学．Hydrodynamics 水动力学Physical properties of water水的物理性质Density 密度specific gravity 比重Kinematic viscosity 运动粘性absolute viscosity 动力粘性Elastic modulus 弹性模量surface tension 表面张力Temperature温度isotropic(Y)各向同性Anisotropic (Y)各向异性uniform(ity)均匀(性)Heterogeneous(ity) 不均匀(性)Main force 主要作用力Gravity重力inertia force惯性力pressure压力(强)drag 阻力Mass force 质量力surface force 表面力Constitutive relationship 本构关系Stress应力strain应变normal 法向tangent切向Angular deformation 角变形deformation变形displacement 位移shear剪力acceleration加速度Local acceleration 当地加速度convective acceleration 迁移加速度compressibility压缩性continuity连续性Scalar纯量vector矢量tensor张量magnitude模(大小)direction方向Divergence散度curl旋度gradient梯度Source 源sink 汇frequency频率amplitude振幅phase相位resonance共振Mass conservation质量守恒momentum Conservation动量守恒energy conservation能量守恒Initial condition初始条件boundary condition边界条件Ordinal differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程Convection对流advection对流、平流、推流、移流diffusion扩散dispersion弥散decay衰减degradation降解Flow pattern流态flow type流型．Laminar flow层流turbulent flow紊流Supercritical flow急流subcritical flow缓流critical flow临界流Rapidly varied flow急变流gradually varied flow渐变流Uniform flow均匀流non-uniform flow非均匀流Mainstream flow主流wake flow尾流Steady flow恒定流unsteady flow 非恒定流One—dimensional flow 一维流two-dimensional flow二维流three—dimensional flow 三维流Single—phase flow单相流double-phase flow两相流multi—phase flow 多相流ambient 周围的环境environment 整体的环境irrotational flow 无旋流rotational flow 有旋流potential flow 势流Open channel flow明渠流free surface flow由表面流(明渠流)Pipe flow管流pressure flow有压流Jet射流plume卷流(羽流)cross flow横流Stagnation point 驻点separation point分离点Coherent structure相干结构bursting猝发turbulent intensity紊动强度Boundary layer边界层viscous sub-1ayer粘性底层displacement thickness排挤厚度mixing length混掺长度Flow field，current field流场flow net流网Submerged discharge淹没出流unsubmerged discharge非淹没出流Renolds number雷诺数Froude number佛汝德数Prandtl number普朗特数Courant number柯朗数Peclet彼克雷特数dimensionless number无量纲数Streamline 流线path line迹线V ortex line涡线vortex ring涡环vortex street涡街Flux通量circulation环量vorticity涡度Water level，water stage水位discharge，flow－rate，flow流量time－averaged velocity时均流速Depth－averaged velocity 水深平均流速velocity gradient流速梯度pressure gradient压强梯度Cross－section of flow，wet cross section过水断面Wetted perimeter 湿周hydraulic radius水力半径Hydraulic head水头Elevation head位置水头piezometric head测压管水头velocity head流速水头Head loss水头损失frictional-loss 沿程损失local head loss局部损失Entrance head loss进口水头损失exit head loss出口水头损失bend head loss弯头水头损失Abrupt expansion head loss突扩损失contraction head loss收缩损失Transition head loss渐变段损失Hydraulic jump水跃hydraulic drop跌水conjugate depth共轭水深Weir堰Sharp－crested weir尖顶堰broad－crested weir宽顶堰practical weir实用堰Orifice孔口nozzle管嘴Dam坝sluice水闸spillway溢洪道Tunnel 隧洞penstock压力水管culvert涵洞Aqueduct渡槽siphon pipe虹吸管Energy dissipation device消能功Stilling basin 消力池roller bucket消力戽Baffle pier消力墩plunge pool跌水池Energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底流消能Energy dissipation by surface regime面流消能Ski-j ump energy dissipation挑流消能Nappe水舌vena-contracta收缩断面Cavitation空化cavitation damage空蚀Aeration掺气Water wave水波water hammer水锤Sediment泥沙bed load床沙suspension load悬沙wash load冲泻质Incipient velocity起动流速settling velocity沉速Fluvial process河床演变deposition淤积scour冲刷erosion侵蚀Grounder water地下水seepage渗透permeability渗透性Hydraulic modeling水力模拟Physical modeling物理模拟Undistorted model正态模型distorted model变态模型Similitude相似准则similarity相似性full scale足尺reduced scale缩尺Fluid measurement流动量测flow visualization流动可视化Transducer，sensor传感器probe探头scale比尺flume水槽Numerical modeling数值模拟Finite element有限元finite difference有限差finite volume有限体积boundary element边界元Characteristics特征线Scheme方法(格式)algorithm算法turbulence model紊流模型Large—eddy simulation大涡模拟Grid 网格node结点time step时间步长nodal spacing结点间距Coefficient系数parameter参数Explicit显式implicit隐式accuracy精度stability稳定性convergence收敛性robustness健壮性sensitivity敏感性Error误差calibration率定verification验证application应用prediction预测reproduction复演Estuary hydraulics河口动力学coastal hydraulics海岸动力学Open channel hydraulics明渠水力学Wave hydrodynamics 水波动力学regular wave规则波irregular wave不规则波Tide潮汐spring tide大潮neap tide小潮diurnal tide全日潮semi-diurnal tide半日潮Computational Hydraulics计算水力学Hydro-informatics水利信息学Environmental Hydraulics环境水力学Eco-hydraulics生态水力学Dissolved oxygen(DO)溶解氧chemical oxygen demand(COD)化学需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)生化需氧量dilution稀释度Pollutant污染物constituent组分Groundwater Hydraulics地下水水力学flood routing调洪演算evapotranspiration腾发，蒸散发eutrophication富营养化f1ood peak flow洪峰流量evaporation蒸发precipitation降水Flood洪水Runoff径流Hydrology水文学discretize /’diskri:taiz/ 使离散discretization 离散化arithmetic 算术，算法staggered grids 交错网格superpose 重叠，放在上面affinity 共鸣，吸收，相近，密切关系cross-shore 横断面（海滩）trough 波谷standing wave 立波shore line 岸线continuum 统一体，连续性surf zone 破波带criterion 标准favour 基于excitation 激励coner 适应bathymetry 深策术，测海术，地形cusp 尖端beach cusp 海滩嘴suppress 抑止damp 减弱disvount 减弱，打折substantiate 证实，证明uni-directionally 单一向的orientate 定向run-up 增加stability 稳定性oscillatory 摆动的nondimensionalized 无因次的ambient 周围的parabolic 比喻的kinematic 运动学的viscosity 黏性aerodnamic 空气动力学的laminar 薄皮状的gradient 梯度perturbation 动摆，混乱eigenvalue 特征值legendre polynomials 勒让德多项式facilitate 使便利plot 划分amplitude 振幅normalize 规格化dash line 破折线versus 相对asymptotic 渐进的dissipation 消散fetch 风距collapse 弯曲，崩塌osculate 有相同点subrange 所属区域raw data 原始数据mapping 映射【数】domin 区域omni- 全向的rad=radian 弧度power-law 幂函数phase speed 相速shelter 覆盖spilling 溢出plunging 崩卷surging/collapsing 涌波orthogonally 垂直的，直角的momentum 动量be reminiscent of 回忆，联系起collision 相撞mechanic 机制。