WHO Says H1N1 Swine Flu Pandemic Not Over

我的一点看法作者：钟南山来源：《中国科技术语》2009年第03期编者按:2009年4月,一场突如其来的疫情席卷全球,引起各国高度重视。

这一疫情的命名经历了从“猪流感(swine influenza)”等词到“甲型H1N1流感(influenza A(H1N1))”的变化。

本刊对此命名变化的来龙去脉以及“甲型H1N1流感”的含义进行了梳理与解读,并就命名问题征询了一些专家的意见。

全国科学技术名词审定委员会征询我对这次甲型H1N1流感的称谓有什么看法,我想这里比较有发言权的应该是中国疾控中心的专家们。

在科学技术领域,对一个现象或事物进行命名,如能做到既能体现科学性又能容易让社会大众接受、容易在民间流传是最好的了,但是,如果这两者不能兼顾时,我想还是应该首先考虑其科学性。

H1N1流感病毒包含血凝素和神经氨酸酶两种抗原,这两种抗原和1918年的比较,有不一样的地方,就是它的基因片段的组成。

它里面包含有5个猪流感的基因片段,1个禽流感的片段,1个人流感的片段等等,所以它是一个混合型的病毒,虽然它现在的毒力和传播力还不算很强,但是并不意味着以后它不会发展得更强。

1918年的H1N1病毒,它里面的基因可以表达一种编码蛋白,而这个编码蛋白造成了当时H1N1病毒强大的毒力,但是现在的这个H1N1流感病毒并不存在表达这组蛋白的基因,所以现在看起来,虽然它有传播性,但是它还没有很强的毒力。

这个疾病最开始的来源,以及这个病毒的中间宿主,到现在为止我想都还不是太清楚。

对SARS来说,它的中间宿主非常明确,是食肉目猫科动物,像貉、獾等等,典型的是果子狸。

那个时候的华北等地,在野生动物市场,在农村的饲养场,野生果子狸的SARS冠状病毒携带率是0,但是到了广东,它们非常容易感染SARS冠状病毒,那么当它们感染上冠状病毒后,随着野生动物的交易而互相传染,所以说中间宿主是果子狸。

禽流感的中间宿主是禽,也是非常明确的,当然包括有野生的禽鸟,但更主要的是家禽,家禽里最主要的是鸡,然后从鸡传给人。

目前，人类正密切关注禽流感的发展趋势，并采取各种措施预防人感染禽流感。

以下是有关禽流感的一些表达方式：禽流感avian influenza,bird flu世界卫生组织官员警告说，H5N1型禽流感病毒正在变异成一个新亚型，这种变异后的病毒亚型能在人与人之间传播。

WTO officials warned that H5N1 bird flu strain was mutating into a new subtype,which could be transmitted among humans.全球性禽流感的爆发a global outbreak of bird flu感染高致病性禽流感to be infected with highly pathogenic bird flu遏制禽流感的流行curb/contain the epidemic of bird flu接受检疫和消毒receive checkup and disinfection消除感染源，切断感染渠道to get rid of any contagious source and cut the infectionc hannel建立全国性的监测网络和应急计划以预防禽流感to set up a national monitoring network and emergency response plans to prevent any future bird flu epidemicScientists are scrambling to understand how a new bird flu virus emerged and whetherit poses a pu blic health risk or could potentially spark a pandemic.The good news is that so far there's no sign that the H7N9 virus is spreading fromperson to person, but experts say it has mutated in a worrisome way.Here's a crash course in Bird Flu 101.Q: What is the H7N9 virus and what do we know about it?A: The H7N9 strain - named for the combination of proteins on its surface - has infectedat least 21 people in China since February, killing six. Symptoms include fever andrespiratory problems, incl uding severe pneumonia. Much is still unknown about thevirus, including how people are getting infected, but scientists say it contains geneticmarkers that could help it infect humans. It is believed able to circulate in poultry stockswithout sickening birds. This allows it to spread in flocks unnotic ed, making it muchharder to track and possibly creating more contamination since the birds are sur vivingand spending more time on farms, in markets and elsewhere.Q: How concerned should we be?A: At this point, experts say there is no cause for alarm, but they are watching closely.There's no e vidence the virus spreads from person to person, and no cases have beenreported outside China. S amples are collected from patients, and the Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention is s haring genetic sequences with the world's topflu experts. They study the virus and look for danger ous mutations. Poultry and itsproducts are safe to eat as long as they are properly cooked.Q: Is there a vaccine?A: No vaccine exists, but the World Health Organization and its partners are working toisolate and identify possible candidate viruses that could make a future vaccine ifnecessary. It would likely ta ke months to produce.Q: What changes do scientists see in the virus and why is this important?A: The virus appears to have mutated in a way that would make it easier for it to adaptand grow at normal body temperature in mammals. Scientists are trying to figure outwhich species could now be playing host to the virus, and one possibility is pigs.Swine are important because they share some basic biological similarities with humans,and they c an serve as "mixing vessels" if infected with different flu strains at the sametime.Mutations could also be occurring in poultry or are being generated after people areinfected. "The most important question is: What is the virus' actual host?" said RichardWebby, director of a WHO flu center at St Jude Children's Research Hospital inMemphis, Tennessee."It really looks like some mammalian host is involved."Q: How is this bird flu different from the deadly H5N1 strain?A: The H5N1 virus is highly lethal in birds, making it easier to identify and eliminatepoultry outbr eaks.H5N1 remains an avian influenza and has not taken root in anotherspecies, such as pigs. Most hu man infections have been linked to contact with infectedbirds. Scientists have been watching the v irus since it first appeared in Hong Kong in1997. It resurfaced in 2003, decimated poultry stocks a cross Asia and has since killedat least 371 people. About 60 percent of patients die, and experts ha ve long feared thisvirus could mutate into a form that spreads easily between people, possibly ignit ing apandemic.。

2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇由六段文字构成的说明文，简要介绍了甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥地区的首次爆发和随后在全球蔓延传播的情况。

世界卫生组织对这场疾病做出了客观的评价。

在文章最后两个段落里重点讲述了美国在这场疾病中受感染及死亡病例的具体情况和美国联邦政府对此疾病采取的应对措施等。

试题解析The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising__3__in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.【译文】猪流感疾病的爆发起初是在墨西哥发现的，在2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣称此次爆发的疾病是41年以来首次的全球性流行病。

随着澳大利亚的感染病例急剧增加，与此同时，英国、日本智利以及其他地区的感染数量也在增加，日内瓦的流感专家召开了紧急会议，会后，人民对此疾病提高了警惕。

1.[A]criticized批评，指责[B]appointed任命，指定[C]commented评论[D]designated指出，指明【答案】D【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years。

pandemic短句1、People born after the 1957 pandemic do not have this immunity.在1957年之后出生的人对这大流行就没有免疫性。

2、The next pandemic will occur through adaptive mutations [in the virus].陈冯富珍说：“下一场大流行将通过[病毒的]适应性突变而发生。

3、The risk of pandemic influenza is serious.全球流感的危险性非常严重。

4、In this regard, the phased approach to the declaration of a pandemic was rigid and confining.在这方面，宣布大流行的分阶段方法有些死板和局限。

5、From the frantic worship of Sex has come the pandemic of AIDS.对性的狂热崇拜导致了艾滋病的大流行。

6、This virus remains a potential pandemic threat.此病毒仍可能引发大流行。

7、Was this a real pandemic or not?这是否属于一次真正的大流行？8、How does swine flu compare with avian flu as a pandemic threat?同是疫病威胁，猪流感与禽流感相比如何？9、One way to cope with those emotions is to belittle warnings of a pandemic as improbable.一个方法来对付这些情绪是轻视大流行的警告，因为不可能。

10、There can be a pandemic of a mild disease.全球范围内流行的也可以是一般的疾病。

ans眼睑eyelid眼睫毛eyelash瞳孔pupil脊柱spinal column脊髓spinal cords肝脏liver脾脏spleen肺部lung肾脏kidney大肠large intestines小肠small intestines膀胱bladder胆gallbladder2.diseases慢性病chronic disease流行病epidemic disease全国流行病pandemic disease传染病contagious/infectious disease高血压high blood pressure/hypertension 心脏病heart disease睡眠窒息sleep apnea心血管疾病cardiovascular disease脑血管疾病cerebrovascular disease老年痴呆Alzheimer’s精神分裂症schizophrenia抑郁症depression沙眼trachoma白喉diphtheria支气管炎bronchitis肝炎hepatitis肺炎pneumonia肺结核tuberculosis胃炎gastritis哮喘asthma盲肠炎appendicitis阑尾炎appendicitis关节炎arthritis中风stroke糖尿病diabetes良性肿瘤benign tumor恶性肿瘤malignant tumor/neoplasm肥胖症obesity黑死病black death 黄热病yellow fever天花small pox疟疾malaria腹泻diarrhea瘟疫plague禽流感avian flu甲型H1N1流感swine flu艾滋病AIDS3.syndrome打喷嚏sneeze流鼻涕runny nose恶心nausea头痛headache喉痛sore throat4.drugs and treatment药剂师pharmacist处方prescription急症室emergency room门诊office calls住院部inpatient department挂号处registration office针灸acupuncture阿司匹林aspirin止痛药painkiller药物medication糖浆syrup咽喉药sore throat tablet草药herbal medicine注射疫苗vaccinate疫苗vaccine内科department of internal medicine外科department of surgery确认病例confirmed cases疑似病例suspected cases潜伏期incubation被隔离under quarantine世界卫生组织WHO (World Health Organization)全国公共卫生体系national public health system公共卫生设施public health infrastructure 5.nutrition-related words卡路里calories蛋白质protein碳水化合物carbonhydrate维他命vitamin均衡饮食balanced diet6.food security添加剂additive苏丹红Sudan dye瘦肉精clenbuterol三聚氰胺melamine农药pesticide寄生现象parasite李斯特菌listeria番茄红素lycopene色素coloring agent漂白剂flour bleaching agent抗菌剂antiseptic, preservative7.AIDS艾滋病患者AIDS victim艾滋病携带者HIV carrier艾滋病传播AIDS transmission母婴传播MTCT(mother-to-child transmission)异性传播heterosexual transmission静脉吸毒injected drug user贩毒drug trafficking。

关于甲流的英语作文英文：The H1N1 influenza pandemic, also known as swine flu, emerged in 2009 and quickly spread around the world. It is caused by a virus that originally came from pigs but can also be transmitted from person to person.The symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of regular seasonal flu, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and sometimes diarrhea and vomiting. In severe cases, it can lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure.To prevent the spread of swine flu, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently, covering your coughs and sneezes, and staying home if you are sick. Vaccines are also available to help protect against the virus.During the swine flu pandemic, many countries implemented measures to try to control the spread of the virus, such as school closures, travel restrictions, and public healthcampaigns. While the pandemic has since subsided, it remains a reminder of the importance of worldwide cooperation and preparedness in dealing with infectious diseases.中文：H1N1流感大流行，也被称为猪流感，出现于2009年，并迅速蔓延到世界各地。

全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初赛高一年级组试题笔试部分(共七大题, 计120分)I.Multiple-choice(选择填空)(共15小题；每题1分, 计15分)Below each of the following sentences,there are four choices,marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.(从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项。

)(答案涂在答题纸上)31.________ girl in red has formed the habit of walking her dog at _______ dusk every day.A.A;(不填)B.A;theC.The;(不填)D.The;a32.The flowers in the open-air market_____ so beautiful that they ______ in no time.A.look;sold outB.look;will sell outC.are looking;sell outD.are looked;will be sold out33.You should remember that in this world_______is that difficult if you put your heart into it.A.untilB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing34.It is reported that the fire burned for quite some time______it was brought under control.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.once35.The officer was very concerned_________the latest development in the case because he was concerned ______it.A.about;inB.for;aboutC.with;forD.in;with36.English is a language that many people around the world________not speak perfectly but __________at least understand.A.may;canB.would;mightC.will;mustD.should;might37.Scientists from different countries are beating their brains out trying to _________ a solution to the problem.A.keep up withe up withC.catch up withD.meet up with38.I had my MP4 player_______ yesterday,and I'm going to have somebody______ my camera tomorrow.A.repair;repairedB.repairing;repairC.repaired;to repairD.repaired;repair39.I don't think that they have finished their homework by now,_________?A.haven't theyB.have theyC.don't weD.do we40.--Bob,please don't touch my new doll.--Sorry,what did you say?--I ___________ touch my new doll.A.tel.yo.don'tB.tol.yo.didn'..C.tol.yo.no.toD.tel.yo.no.to41.The beautiful girl dreamed about living in a ________house in the forest with her husband one day.A.wooden pretty littleB.little pretty woodenC.pretty little woodenD.wooden little pretty42.She said that she would never forget the time________she spent working as a journalist at the front.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what43.Father came to my school that day in order to find out _________.A.why did I fight with othersB.when I fight with othersC.that I fought with othersD.if I fought with others44.--_________ --I'm trying to catch the train to Chicago.--Let me drive you to the station.--That's very kind of you.A.I wish ou a good trip.B.Why are you in such a hurry?C.I'm glad to meet you.D.What can I do for you?45.--Did you enjoy the meal,sir?--Yes,it was very nice.________.Could I have the bill now,please?A.I haven't eaten such good food for yearsB.And the fish is terribleC.That's no problem indeedD.But the dishes seem OKII.Cloze(完形填空)(共10小题；每题1分, 计10分)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word in one of the following three ways:①according to the context;②using the proper form of the given word;③according to the first letter given of the word.(阅读下面旳短文, 用如下三种形式中旳一种填空：①根据上下文填空；②用所给单词旳合适形式填空；③根据单词所给首字母填空。

A new strain of swine flu that has killed as many as 81 and sickened more than 1,324 in Mexico has spread to the United States and is raising fears of a possible pandemic. Learn more about the disease and why it is causing concern among health officials.Charlie Neibergall / AP fileWhat is it?Swine influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs first isolated in swine in 1930, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The illness is caused by four different type A influenza strains that can cause outbreaks in pigs, though subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 seem to be more common. The death rate among pigs is low, with most infections occurring in the late fall and winter.Symptoms of infected pigs include fever, depression, coughing (barking), sneezing, difficulty breathing, red or inflamed eyes, lack of appetite and discharge from the nose or eyes.How do people get infected?Human infection happens intermittently, with most cases occurring when patients have direct contact with pigs. But cases of an infected person transmitting the swine flu to others have also been documented, says the CDC.(A 1988 outbreak in pigs in Wisconsin led to multiple human infections, and there was evidence that a patient transmitted the virus to health care workers.)About one case of swine flu in humans is reported to the CDC every one to two years, but from December 2005 through February 2009, 12 cases were reported to the agency. According to , 11 of those people had direct or indirect contact with infected pigs.Human-to-human infections do occur similar to the way the human seasonal flu virus is transmitted — through coughing, sneezing and coming in contact with a person or object with the virus.People cannot become infected by eating pork or pork products. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160 degrees Fahrenheit kills thevirus as well as other bacteria,How do people get infected?What are the symptoms?Symptoms are similar to thoseof the regular human influenzavirus: fever, lethargy, lack ofappetite and coughing. Somewho have been infected with theAbdelhak Senna / AFP/Getty Imagesswine flu also reported having arunny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.Nick Rowe / Getty Images stock How is it diagnosed?A respiratory specimen must be collectedwithin the first four to five days of illness,when the infected person is most likely to beshedding the virus. However, some patients(such as children), may shed the virus for10 days or longer, according to the CDC.Specimens must be sent to the CDC forlaboratory testing in order to identify swineflu.R.E. Bates / Centers for Disease Control viaSwine flu virusHow is it treated?Four antiviral drugs are licensed to treat the disease in the U.S.: amantadine, rimantadine,oseltamivir and zanamivir. Most of the viruses are susceptible to all four, but the CDC currentlyrecommends oseltamivir orzanamivir to treat and prevent swineflu infections. The antivirals should be taken as soon as possible symptoms appear.Tamiflu, the generic name for oseltamivir, appears to be effective against the new strain when taken early, says the CDC.There is currently no human vaccine for swine flu, but the flu vaccine may provide someprotection against the H3N2 strain, though not the H1N1 strain.Justin Sullivan / Getty ImagesTamiflu, the generic name for the antiviral drug oseltamivir,seems to be effective against the new strain.Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, •Print this主要个人防护措施1、避免接触流感样症状(发热，咳嗽，流涕等)或肺炎等呼吸道病人2、注意个人卫生，经常使用肥皂和清水洗手，尤其在咳嗽或打喷嚏后3、尽量避免接触生猪或前的场所4、避免前往人群拥挤场所5、咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾遮住口鼻，然后将纸巾丢进垃圾桶。

The continent（洲）Antarctica is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. People have never wanted to l 67 there because of its coldest temperature. But now scientists from all over the w 68 come to study the ice to learn more about the Earth’s history.Some scientists live on Antarctica for part of the y 69 . But they don’t usually stay there for more than six months b 70 there are six months of light and six months of darkness.Antarctica usually has a good deal of（大量的,多的；后面跟不可数名词）f 71 weather without any wind at all. The strong winds are usually only in some parts of it. It is also i 72 to learn that it isn’t very wet there. There is very l 73 snow or rain. It snows on the ice in winter, but at other times （平素, 往常；在其它时候）Antarctica is d 74 , just like the Sahara Desert.In winter the sea around Antarctica freezes (结冰) for t 75 of kilometres. But scientists tell us that the earth is getting w 76 . So in the future, there may be less ice in the Antarctic sea. When that happens, our weather will never be the same again.参考答案：67. live 68. world 69. year 70. because 71. fine 72. interesting 73. little 74. dry 75. thousands 76. warmer2、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。

《病毒为何致命》观后感精选《病毒为何致命》是一部由Dick Taylor执导，马克·斯特朗 / Wendy Barclay / Ian Bedford主演的一部纪录片类型的电影，特精心从网络上整理的一些观众的观后感，希望对大家能有帮助。

《病毒为何致命》精选点评：●某生物学家最后一句话真的惊吓到我了，在我们不断对青霉素的时候，原来我们的存在是为了它们的繁衍和变异么，这让以自我为中心的人类情何以堪。

anyway，了解一下病毒感染真的很有必要，虽然人类发现病毒的三十天时间很晚，但是人家病毒可是早于大部份生物出现的生命呢。

没有细胞还可以坚强地活出来，生命的奇迹。

●病毒相当古老，其存在确实是存有物种得以进化的最基本的动力；HIV因变异其不断变异的特性被誉为人类最难攻克的病毒；致死率最高的是狂犬病，100%致死；天花目前已经灭绝。

8●8年前的纪录片。

天花 100%疯狗 hiv 猴痘 sars 猪流感几乎都是从动物传到人。

几乎每十-15年一大●里面有个老男人的声音里面令我魅力十足，光听他的声音，我就能高潮●除了刚果黑人吃猴子后段和末尾的人造病毒之外，讲的都是些常识。

●最后一句：我与其他人认为的或者说，也许是我们促使蚊子也病菌的进化，而不是相反。

●攻克艾滋算不算当今病毒界的圣杯了呢？●通俗易懂~●讲得还不错，纪录片不记录片需要教科书那么繁琐深奥。

黄石公园大爱！●病毒并不想要我们的命，更多的只是依附于我们，因为只有我们是活体，它们才能更多地传播方式下去《病毒为何致命》观后感(一)：病毒也只是为了繁衍病毒无处不在，一杯海水中就有10万+种病毒，数量多达300亿+个，不过对人没有威胁，它们的目标是海洋生物。

病毒箱子与宿主彼此之间的关系就像钥匙和锁，只有匹配才能打开。

对人类有害的全人类病毒可能对动物无影响。

不同的病毒传播手法不同，可以通过动物传人(禽流感)，也可以人传人(非典)。

消灭病毒的有效方法是接种疫苗，天花就是如此。

打喷嚏时是应该捂住口鼻但可不能用手捂的英语美文When you feel a sneeze or a cough ing on, covering your mouth prevents the spread of infectious germs. You probably knew that.当你感觉快要打喷嚏或咳嗽的时候，要捂住嘴巴防止传染性细菌的传播。

这一点你可能知道。

But the way you cover up also matters, and there arep lenty of people who haven’t yet heard the consensus guidance of health officials: If no tissue is available,you should aim into your elbow, not your hand. Even if that means breaking a long-held habit.但捂嘴的方式也很重要。

很多人都没有听说过卫生官员给出的指导意见：如果没有纸巾，应该对着臂弯打喷嚏或咳嗽，而不是手掌。

即使这意味着你要打破自己长期形成的习惯。

“If somebody sneezes into their hands, that creates an opportunity for those germs to be passed on to other people, or contaminate other objects that people touch,” said Dr. Vincent Hill, chief of the waterborne disease prevention branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.“如果往手心里打喷嚏，就使得细菌有时机传播给人，或是污染这个人碰过的其他物品，”疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)水传播疾病预防小组的负责人文森特.希尔博士(Dr. Vincent Hill)说。

钟南山院士的英语作文Academician Zhong Nanshan has been a prominent figure in the field of medicine and public health in China. His unwavering dedication to his profession and his tireless efforts to combat infectious diseases have earned him the respect and admiration of people both within China and around the world.Zhong Nanshan was born in 1936 in Nanjing China. From a young age he was drawn to the field of medicine and he pursued his studies with a keen intellect and a strong sense of purpose. After graduating from medical school he began his career as a respiratory disease specialist and quickly established himself as a leading expert in his field.One of Zhong Nanshan's most significant contributions came during the SARS outbreak in 2003. As the head of the expert team investigating the epidemic Zhong played a crucial role in identifying the cause of the disease and developing effective treatment protocols. His willingness to speak out against the government's initial attempts to cover up the outbreak and his tireless efforts toraise public awareness about the dangers of SARS earned him widespread admiration and respect.Following the SARS crisis Zhong continued to be at the forefront of China's efforts to combat infectious diseases. He was a key figure in the country's response to the H1N1 swine flu pandemic in 2009 and the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014. In both cases his expertise and leadership were instrumental in helping to contain the spread of these deadly viruses.More recently Zhong has been at the center of China's fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As the head of the national expert team tasked with investigating the outbreak Zhong has played a crucial role in guiding the government's response and in sharing his expertise with the international community. His willingness to speak openly about the challenges faced by China and his insistence on the importance of transparency and scientific rigor have earned him widespread respect and admiration.Throughout his career Zhong Nanshan has been driven by a deep sense of commitment to public health and a belief in the power of science to improve people's lives. He has tirelessly advocated for greater investment in medical research and for the development of more effective treatments and preventive measures. At the same time he has been a vocal critic of bureaucratic inefficiency andpolitical interference in the field of public health.One of the qualities that sets Zhong Nanshan apart is his unwavering commitment to the truth. He has never shied away from challenging the government or speaking out against official narratives that he believes to be inaccurate or misleading. This has sometimes put him at odds with the authorities but it has also earned him the respect and trust of the Chinese people.Zhong's dedication to his work is truly remarkable. Even in his 80s he continues to work tirelessly putting in long hours and traveling extensively to share his expertise. He is deeply committed to mentoring the next generation of medical professionals and he takes great pride in seeing his students and colleagues succeed.Beyond his professional accomplishments Zhong Nanshan is also known for his humility and his compassion. He is deeply concerned about the welfare of ordinary people and he has worked tirelessly to ensure that the benefits of medical progress are accessible to all. He is also known for his kindness and his willingness to offer support and guidance to those in need.In recognition of his outstanding contributions to public health Zhong Nanshan has been the recipient of numerous awards and honors both within China and internationally. In 2003 he was namedone of the "Heroes of our Time" by Time magazine for his role in the SARS crisis. In 2008 he was awarded the prestigious State Supreme Science and Technology Award the highest scientific honor in China. And in 2020 he was named a "People's Hero" by the Chinese government for his leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite these accolades Zhong Nanshan remains deeply humble and committed to his work. He sees his achievements not as personal triumphs but as the result of the collective efforts of the medical community. He is driven not by a desire for fame or recognition but by a genuine passion for science and a deep commitment to improving the health and well-being of the Chinese people.As China continues to grapple with the challenges posed by infectious diseases Zhong Nanshan's expertise and leadership will remain invaluable. His unwavering dedication to his work and his willingness to speak truth to power make him a true hero in the eyes of the Chinese people. And his legacy as a pioneering medical researcher and a tireless advocate for public health will continue to inspire generations of doctors and scientists to come.。

我的偶像钟南山的英语作文,45个词全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Idol Dr. Zhong NanshanMy name is Xiaoming, and I'm 10 years old. Today, I want to tell you all about my idol, Dr. Zhong Nanshan. He's a really amazing person who has done so much for our country and the world!Dr. Zhong is a famous doctor and scientist in China. He's an expert on respiratory diseases and has been fighting against all kinds of illnesses like SARS, influenza, and COVID-19. Whenever there's a new disease outbreak, he's always one of the first people to jump in and help figure out how to stop it.During the SARS outbreak in 2003, Dr. Zhong led the team of experts who discovered that SARS was caused by a new type of coronavirus. He worked really hard, studying the virus day and night, and helped create guidelines for treating patients and controlling the spread of the disease. Thanks to his efforts, the SARS outbreak was finally brought under control.When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in 2020, Dr. Zhong was already 83 years old! But he didn't let his age stop him from working tirelessly to help fight the virus. He went to Wuhan, the city where the outbreak started, to study the situation and provide advice. He also appeared on TV a lot to explain the virus to people and tell them how to stay safe.What I really admire about Dr. Zhong is that he's so brave and dedicated. Even though he's an old man and could have just stayed home and relaxed, he chose to put himself at risk to help others. He's not afraid of hard work or challenges, and he always puts the needs of the people first.Dr. Zhong is also really smart and good at his job. He's won so many awards and honors for his work, like the National Supreme Science and Technology Award, which is the highest scientific honor in China. He's even been called the "SARS hero" and the "anti-epidemic battle commander" because of how well he's led the fight against diseases.Aside from being a great doctor and scientist, Dr. Zhong is also a really nice person. Whenever I see him on TV or in interviews, he always seems so kind and caring. He explains things in a way that's easy to understand, and he never talks down to people or makes them feel dumb.One of my favorite stories about Dr. Zhong is from when he was a young doctor during the Cultural Revolution. Even though he was being criticized and punished for his beliefs, he still went to work every day and treated patients as best he could. That's how dedicated he is to helping others, no matter what!Dr. Zhong is now 86 years old, but he's still working hard and sharing his knowledge with the world. He's like a real-life superhero, using his powers of science and medicine to save lives and make the world a better place.I hope that when I grow up, I can be as smart, brave, and caring as Dr. Zhong. He's shown me that no matter how old you are or what challenges you face, you should never give up on your dreams or stop trying to help people. He's truly an inspiration to me and so many others.If you ever get the chance to learn about Dr. Zhong Nanshan, I really encourage you to do it! He's one of the greatest heroes China has ever had, and his story is sure to amaze and inspire you, just like it did for me.篇2My Idol Dr. Zhong NanshanDr. Zhong Nanshan is my biggest idol and hero! He is a super amazing doctor who has helped save so many lives in China and around the world. I really look up to him and want to be just like him when I grow up.Dr. Zhong is now 86 years old, but he is still working really hard every single day to fight against diseases and help people. He has been a doctor for over 60 years! Can you imagine dedicating your whole life to helping others like that? I think it's just incredible.The first time I learned about Dr. Zhong was when he became really famous during the SARS outbreak in 2003. SARS was a deadly virus that was spreading across China and even to other countries. Hundreds of people were dying and everyone was really scared. But Dr. Zhong worked night and day, leading scientists and doctors to study the virus and find ways to stop it from spreading more. Because of his brilliant mind and brave leadership, the SARS outbreak was finally brought under control after several months. Dr. Zhong was the hero who saved countless lives!After SARS, Dr. Zhong kept working just as hard. In 2009, there was the scary H1N1 swine flu pandemic. Once again, Dr. Zhong jumped in to help fight this new virus threat. He gaveimportant advice to the government on how to contain the virus and developed treatment plans for patients. Thanks to his efforts, the swine flu did not cause as many deaths in China as it could have.Then in late 2019, maybe the biggest challenge of Dr. Zhong's career arrived - the COVID-19 pandemic. This new coronavirus was spreading incredibly fast around the world and making millions of people sick. It was a really scary and difficult time. But the 84-year-old Dr. Zhong immediately went to Wuhan, the city where the outbreak started, to help study the virus and care for patients. He worked like a real-life superhero, barely sleeping, to try to understand this mysterious new disease. The advice and anti-virus plans he made were followed by China and many other nations too.Thanks largely to Dr. Zhong's incredible efforts over many months, China was able to get the first wave of COVID-19 under control faster than lots of other countries. Thousands and thousands of lives were saved. Even after China's outbreak was contained, Dr. Zhong kept travelling and speaking out to share what he had learned so the whole world could benefit in the fight against COVID-19. He is absolutely my biggest hero!What makes Dr. Zhong Nanshan so amazing and special to me is not just how smart and accomplished he is, but also his spirit of selflessness and determination. Even though he is in his 80s, he never acts tired or talks about retiring. Whenever people need him, he is always there working as hard as he can to help. His care and compassion for others is just boundless.Dr. Zhong has saved so many lives and made our world a much safer, healthier place. He has won tons of major awards and honors, like being named a national COVID hero by China's president. Yet he remains so humble, never boasting, and just keeps focusing on his medical work. That's the kind of person I want to be - one who helps others selflessly and never gives up no matter how difficult the challenge.When I grow up, I definitely want to become a doctor, virologist or epidemiologist like my idol Dr. Zhong Nanshan. I want to dedicate my career and life to fighting diseases, saving lives, and making the world a better place through science and medicine. Just like Dr. Zhong showed everyone by his example, this is the most honorable and meaningful way to live one's life. He will always be my shining role model and the person I most aspire to be like. Thank you, Dr. Zhong!篇3My Idol, Dr. Zhong NanshanDr. Zhong Nanshan is my idol. He is a famous doctor in China who has saved many lives. I admire him because he is brave, smart, and kind.During the SARS outbreak in 2003, Dr. Zhong was one of the first doctors to warn people about the dangerous virus. He worked day and night to study the virus and find ways to stop it from spreading. Thanks to his hard work, many people's lives were saved.When the COVID-19 pandemic started in 2020, Dr. Zhong was called upon again to help. Even though he was 84 years old, he didn't hesitate to join the fight against the virus. He traveled to Wuhan, the city where the outbreak began, to study the virus and advise doctors there.Dr. Zhong is not only brave but also very smart. He has studied many diseases and written lots of books to share his knowledge with other doctors. He has won many awards for his work, including China's highest scientific honor.But what I admire most about Dr. Zhong is his kindness. Even though he is a famous doctor, he is very humble and cares about regular people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he held onlineclasses to teach people about the virus and how to stay safe. He always speaks in a calm and reassuring way, which helps people feel less scared.Dr. Zhong's life has not been easy. When he was young, his family was very poor, and he had to work hard to pay for his education. But he never gave up on his dream of becoming a doctor and helping people.I hope that when I grow up, I can be as brave, smart, and kind as Dr. Zhong. He has shown me that even in the darkest times, one person can make a big difference by working hard and caring for others.Dr. Zhong is now 86 years old, but he is still working hard to protect people's health. He is a true hero, and I feel so lucky to have him as my idol. Whenever I feel discouraged or scared, I think of Dr. Zhong and his courage, and it gives me strength to keep going.I know that many people in China and around the world admire Dr. Zhong too. He is a shining example of what it means to be a good person and a great doctor. I hope that his story will inspire others to work hard, be kind, and use their talents to make the world a better place.篇4My Idol, Dr. Zhong NanshanWhen I was asked who my idol is, I didn't have to think twice – it's Dr. Zhong Nanshan! He's a renowned respiratory disease expert in China, and he's been my hero ever since the COVID-19 pandemic started.Let me tell you why I admire Dr. Zhong so much. First of all, he's incredibly smart and knowledgeable. He has dedicated his life to studying and treating respiratory diseases, and he's made groundbreaking discoveries that have helped millions of people. During the SARS outbreak in 2003, he played a crucial role in understanding and controlling the virus, saving countless lives.When COVID-19 hit, Dr. Zhong was one of the first experts to raise the alarm about the seriousness of the situation. He didn't hold back or sugarcoat things; he told the truth, even when it was difficult to hear. I respect him so much for his honesty and courage.But Dr. Zhong didn't just talk about the problem – he was out there on the front lines, working tirelessly to find solutions. He led teams of researchers and doctors, studying the virus anddeveloping treatment strategies. His calm leadership and unwavering commitment inspired people all over the world.What I really admire about Dr. Zhong is his compassion and dedication to helping others. Even though he's aworld-renowned expert, he never acts like he's better than anyone else. He always takes the time to explain things clearly and patiently, so that everyone can understand.During the pandemic, Dr. Zhong worked around the clock, sacrificing his own rest and time with his family to save lives. He's a true hero, putting the needs of others before his own. That's the kind of selflessness and courage that I aspire to have.Dr. Zhong is also an amazing role model because he never gives up, no matter how difficult the challenge. Even when things looked really bad during the pandemic, he never lost hope or gave in to despair. He just kept working, researching, and fighting for a solution.That's the kind of perseverance and resilience that I want to emulate. Life is full of obstacles and setbacks, but if we approach them with Dr. Zhong's determination and positive attitude, we can overcome anything.But what really sets Dr. Zhong apart is his humility and down-to-earth nature. Despite all of his accomplishments and fame, he remains grounded and approachable. He's always willing to listen to others and learn from them, no matter their background or level of expertise.That's why I believe Dr. Zhong is the perfect role model for young people like me. He shows us that true greatness isn't about fame or wealth, but about using your talents and knowledge to make the world a better place.Whenever I feel discouraged or like giving up, I think about Dr. Zhong and how he never stopped fighting, even in the face of overwhelming odds. His unwavering spirit and commitment to helping others inspire me to keep pushing forward and never lose hope.In conclusion, Dr. Zhong Nanshan is my idol because he embodies the qualities that I admire most: intelligence, courage, compassion, perseverance, and humility. He's a true hero who has dedicated his life to improving the health and well-being of people all over the world.I hope that one day, I can be even half as incredible as Dr. Zhong. Until then, I'll keep learning from his example andstriving to make a positive impact, no matter how small. Because that's what being a true hero is all about.篇5My Idol Dr. Zhong NanshanDr. Zhong Nanshan is my biggest idol and hero. He is an amazing doctor who has saved countless lives and made the world a much better place. I want to be just like him when I grow up!Dr. Zhong was born in 1936 in Guangzhou, China. Even as a little kid, he was always fascinated by science and medicine. He loved learning about how the human body works and finding ways to help keep people healthy. After finishing school, he went to medical college and became a respiratory disease doctor, which means he specializes in illnesses affecting the lungs and breathing.What makes Dr. Zhong so incredible is how he has repeatedly rushed to the frontlines to fight against deadly disease outbreaks over his long career. In 2003, he led China's efforts against the terrifying SARS epidemic. SARS caused people to get severely ill with fever, cough, and pneumonia. Many people died from this mysterious new virus before Dr. Zhongand his team figured out what it was and how to contain its spread. Thanks to his bravery and scientific brilliance, the outbreak was finally brought under control after a massive effort.More recently in late 2019, a new dangerous coronavirus started spreading in Wuhan and soon became a global pandemic that we now know as COVID-19. Once again, Dr. Zhong put himself at great personal risk by traveling to the outbreak's epicenter in Wuhan. While many people were still denying the severity of the situation, Dr. Zhong spoke out publicly about the threat and issued urgent warnings. His honest and courageous actions, despite facing major pushback, ended up saving many lives by prompting quicker action against the virus.Throughout the long battle against COVID-19 over 2020 and 2021, Dr. Zhong remained a steady voice of scientific authority. He worked tirelessly on studying the virus, developing testing methods, advising on prevention strategies, and more. All while being in his 80s! I don't know many elderly people who would risk their own health and safety like that for the greater good of humanity.What I admire most about Dr. Zhong is his combination of medical genius and strength of character. Not only is he one ofChina's most brilliant scientific minds, but he also has unshakable moral fortitude. On multiple occasions, he has defied powerful political forces and spoken unpopular truths simply because it was the right thing to do based on the scientific evidence. His top priorities have always been saving lives and serving the interests of the people rather than any corrupting influences.Dr. Zhong's amazing accomplishments aren't limited just to fighting infectious diseases either. He has also made groundbreaking contributions toward better treatments for other respiratory conditions like lung cancer, asthma, and chronic bronchitis. Millions of patients have benefited from his research advances over his 60+ year medical career. It's no exaggeration to say he is a true national hero for China and a giant of the entire medical field globally.I feel so fortunate and proud that my home country of China has produced such an exemplary person as Dr. Zhong Nanshan. His courage, compassion, and dedication to scientific integrity are qualities that I try my best to emulate every single day, even as a young student. I may only be a kid now, but I dream of one day becoming a doctor who could have even just a fraction of the tremendous positive impact on the world that Dr. Zhong has achieved.Sometimes kids my age say they want to become famous athletes or movie stars when they grow up. Those goals just seem so small and meaningless to me compared to the opportunity to help save human lives and make revolutionary discoveries like Dr. Zhong has done. He is the real kind of celebrity we should all look up to - one whose greatness comes from using their brilliant mind and strength of character for the greatest possible good of all people. That's why Dr. Zhong Nanshan will always be my #1 idol and the person I most aspire to be like. A true hero for the ages.篇6My Idol Dr. Zhong NanshanHave you ever heard of Dr. Zhong Nanshan? He's my biggest hero and idol! Dr. Zhong is a super famous doctor in China who has helped save lots of people's lives. He's kind of like a real-life superhero, but instead of having cool powers, he uses his brilliant mind and medical knowledge to fight against dangerous diseases.I first learned about Dr. Zhong when I was really little, during the SARS outbreak in 2003. My parents told me how he led the efforts to understand and contain that scary virus that wasmaking so many people sick. He worked tirelessly, studying the disease and coming up with ways to treat patients and stop it from spreading further. Thanks to his leadership, the SARS outbreak was finally brought under control after causing a lot of suffering.But that was just the start of Dr. Zhong's heroic deeds! In 2020, when the world was faced with the terrifying COVID-19 pandemic, he sprang into action again at the ripe old age of 83 years old! Most people his age would be relaxing at home, but not Dr. Zhong. He travelled to Wuhan, the initial epicenter of the outbreak, to help study this new and mysterious virus that was rapidly making people ill. Despite his advanced age, he showed incredible courage and determination to understand COVID-19 and develop strategies to defeat it.What I admire most about Dr. Zhong is his brilliance as a scientist and doctor, combined with his caring nature and selflessness in protecting public health. He has published over 500 academic papers and books throughout his career, constantly pushing the boundaries of medical knowledge. Yet at the same time, he always puts the well-being of patients and communities first. He works not for money or fame, but out of a genuine desire to ease suffering and save lives.During the COVID-19 crisis, Dr. Zhong became a trusted voice offering guidance and reassurance to the entire nation. He patiently answered questions, shared accurate information, and helped calm public fears through his wise words and calm demeanor. Thanks to his tireless efforts, countless lives were saved from this devastating pandemic.At 86 years young, Dr. Zhong continues working hard to improve public health in China and globally. I'm constantly inspired by his energy, intellect and compassion for others. He proves that real superheroes don't need capes or superpowers - just brilliant minds, caring hearts, and an unwavering drive to help their fellow humans.Dr. Zhong Nanshan is living proof that one person can make an incredible difference in the world. His lifetime of selfless service as a medical professional and champion of public health makes him a true national hero and global icon. He is my role model for how I want to live my life - helping others, never giving up, and using my talents to make the world a bit better. I have enormous respect and admiration for this extraordinary man!。

关于世界卫生组织的四级英语作文The World Health Organization: Helping People Be Healthy All Over the WorldHave you ever wondered who helps keep people healthy all across the globe? Well, there's an amazing organization called the World Health Organization (WHO) that does just that! The WHO works really hard to make sure everyone, no matter where they live, has a chance to be healthy and safe.The WHO has been around for a really long time - since 1948! Back then, a bunch of countries got together after World War II and decided the world needed an organization focused on health for everybody. The WHO's first meeting was on April 7, 1948 with representatives from 61 countries. Now, the WHO has 194 member countries!So what exactly does the WHO do? Well, they have a big important mission: to promote good health and well-being for all people around the world. That's a huge job when you think about how many people there are and how many different countries and cultures exist. But the WHO is up for the challenge!One of the main ways the WHO helps is by tracking diseases and watching out for any new outbreaks or epidemics that couldspread across countries. Imagine how scary it would be if a new disease started spreading and no one was keeping track of it or raising the alarm! The WHO keeps a close eye on things to stop outbreaks before they get too big and too many people get sick.When there is a disease outbreak happening, the WHO jumps into action to help contain it and treat people. They share important information with countries about the disease and how to stop it from spreading more. WHO doctors and nurses also go right to the areas where the outbreak is worst to care for sick people. If a country asks for it, the WHO sends emergency medical teams full of skilled people to help.As well as responding to emergencies, the WHO works hard on preventing diseases in the first place through things like vaccination campaigns. Vaccines are one of our best tools to protect people from deadly diseases like measles, polio, and COVID-19. The WHO runs vaccination programs to get vaccines out to people all around the world, especially in poorer countries that might not have easy access to them otherwise.The WHO doesn't just deal with contagious diseases though. They care about helping people be healthy in all areas of life. For example, they teach about nutrition and obesity prevention. The WHO wants all kids to have access to affordable, nutritious foodsso they can grow up strong and healthy. They also promote physical activity and talk about how important it is for people's health to get moving every day.Another big focus for the WHO is bringing access to healthcare to everyone, even in remote or poorer areas. They work with countries to improve their hospitals and clinics and train more healthcare workers. The WHO even has a recommendation that everyone in the world should be able to see a doctor or nurse within one hour's walk from their home. Can you imagine having to travel for days just to see a doctor? The WHO is working hard to make sure that doesn't happen.Things like sanitation, clean air, and road safety are other ways the WHO helps make the world a healthier, safer place. They teach about the importance of clean water and work to get communities access to proper toilets. The WHO also tracks pollution levels and pushes for cleaner air policies. And did you know pedestrian safety and preventing traffic accidents are one of their priorities too? The WHO cares about people's well-being in so many ways!None of this important work would be possible without the WHO's dedicated staff of over 7,000 people from all around the world. They have health experts, scientists, logistics folks,operations managers, communicators, and more working tirelessly to promote better health globally. And of course, the WHO's efforts are helped by billions of dollars in funding from member countries each year.I think the WHO is one of the most amazing and impactful organizations on the planet. Just imagine how much better the world is because of their hard work fighting diseases, improving nutrition, increasing access to healthcare, and so much more. Every day, the lives of people like you and me are improved by what the WHO does.The WHO has worked on some really big global health issues over the decades too. They led the charge to eliminate smallpox, one of the most deadly diseases in human history. After many years of difficult work, they announced the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1980! What an incredible accomplishment. More recently, the WHO has coordinated the international response to threats like Ebola, H1N1 swine flu, Zika virus, and of course the COVID-19 pandemic.。

探索流感病毒：一种全球威胁Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory virus that has been a global threat for centuries. It is caused by influenza viruses, which belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have the ability to mutate rapidly, making it difficult to predict and control outbreaks. The flu virus is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it can spread easily from person to person.The symptoms of influenza typically include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. These symptoms can be severe and debilitating, especially for young children, the elderly, and those with chronic health conditions. In extreme cases, the flu can lead to death.The flu season typically occurs during the winter months in temperate climates, but it can occur at any time of the year depending on the region and the prevailingvirus strains. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that seasonal influenza epidemics result in about3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and between 250,000 and 500,000 deaths worldwide every year.To prevent the spread of influenza, it is important to practice good hygiene habits such as washing hands frequently, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with sick people. Vaccination against the flu is also an effective way to reduce the risk of infection, especially for those at high risk of developing severe illness. The flu vaccine is typically available in the fall before the start of the flu season and is recommended for everyone aged 6 months and older.In addition to seasonal influenza, there are also pandemics, which occur when a new influenza virus emerges that is able to infect humans and spread easily from person to person. The most recent pandemic occurred in 2009 with the emergence of the H1N1 swine flu virus, which resulted in a global outbreak that caused millions of illnesses and thousands of deaths. Pandemics are particularly dangerous because the new viruses are often highly contagious and canspread rapidly throughout the population, especially if there is little or no immunity against them.In conclusion, influenza is a serious respiratory virus that poses a significant threat to global health. By understanding its transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods, we can take measures to protect ourselves and our communities from this deadly disease. Vaccination, good hygiene practices, and prompt medical attention are key to preventing and controlling influenza outbreaks.**探索流感病毒：全球威胁的探究**流感，通常被称为流感，是一种高度传染性的呼吸道病毒，几个世纪以来一直是全球威胁。

Swine flu has yet to escalate into a global pandemic, but here's what to do if it does猪流感还没有升级为全球性的大规模流行病，但是如果真的发生了这种情况，你应该按照如下5种方法来做。

5 Ways to Protect Yourself (and Others) from Swine Flu面对猪流感，保护你自己(以及别人)的5种方法Experts say that the steps you should take to shield yourself from swine flu are not much different than those you might take to ward off seasonal flu。

专家们说防止猪流感的方法和防止季节性流感的方法没有很大的差别。

1. Don't touch your face1.不要触摸你的脸Above all, keep your hands away from your eyes, mouth and nose, all of which serve as pathways for the virus to enter your respiratory tract, says Allison Aiello, an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor。

Allison Aiello说，首先，不要用手摸你的眼睛、嘴以及鼻子，这些都容易使病毒进入你的呼吸道。

Allison Aiello是位于安娜堡的密歇根大学公共健康学院(University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor)的一名流行病学专家。

2020年中考英语新冠疫情的完型+阅读+⾸字母（答案+译⽂）【2020抗击疫情热点】做中考英语完形填空(⼀)疫情逐渐好转，离不开国家研发和使⽤的⼀些⾼科技设备。

⽐如可以送餐的机器⼈，远程医疗系统，AI诊断系统等等，它们在这场艰苦的战役中起到了很重要的作⽤。

重点词汇Telemedicine system DronesDoctors diagnose(诊断) patients online. Robots help to send food to __1__. Drones(⽆⼈机)monitor people in crowds. We are using new ways to fight the novel coronavirus. They are safe. They can help people __2__ in contact with each other. Let’s meet these high-tech helpers!Telemedicine systemWith remote video system, doctors can diagnose patients without seeing them in person. Also, doctors from different hospitals can have a meeting by using the system __3__. This saves a lot of time. Both Huoshenshan and Leishenshan hospitals have this system.Drones warn people in groupsIn some rural places, police use drones to monitor people in groups. When the drone __4__ big groups of people, police will warn them through the loudspeaker on the drone. In some places, people also use drones to disinfect(消毒) their __5__.3D “hospital”A company in Shanghai __6__ 15 rooms by using 3D technology. They sent the rooms to Hubei for patients to live in. Each room is about the __7__ of your bedroom. A 3D printer takes 24 hours to build the rooms.AI system check for feverAt the Mudanyuan subway station in Beijing, an AI system can check people in crowds to see __8__they have fevers. When people __9__, the system scans people’s faces. The system can check about 300 people in one minute.Smart robotsTime to eat! In some hospitals, smart robots help to deliver food to patients. The robots can also help to __10__ medicine and show the way to people.1.A. consumers B. customers C . patients2.A. avoid B. keep C. develop3.A. all the time B.at times C.at the same time4.A. imagines B. finds C. records5.A. relatives B. hands C. communities6.A. built B. produced C. printed7.A. size B. shape C. pattern8.A .that B. if C. why9.A. pass by B. pass away C. pass down10.A. hand in B. hand on C. hand out参考答案：1-5.CBCBC 6-10.CABAC完形填空译⽂：远程医疗系统⽆⼈机医⽣在线诊断病⼈。

新冠肺炎专题阅读理解题型专练（1）以良好的心理状态积极抗疫阅读理解阅读下文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。

Wearing a mask while sleeping at home sounds a little crazy. But Wu Keying did so during the novel coronavirus outbreak. “I feared that I would be infected. Now I know it’s not necessary to do so. But I am still worried about when the epidemic will end,” s aid the 13-year-old from Chengdu, Sichuan province. Being stuck inside makes her feel anxious.In fact, many people have experienced feelings like Wu. Nearly 80 percent of people are deeply worried about the outbreak, while 40 percent strongly fear it, acc ording to a survey released on Jan 27 by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.These emotions (情绪) are normal for people who are going through stressful events, according to Wang Weihua, an expert on positive psychology (积极心理学). “Some stressful reactions (反应) can help us fight the virus,” Wang said. “We take more protective actions, such as wearing masks and washing hands often, for example.”But if these feelings last too long, it will be bad for our mental (心理的) health, Wang added. So how can we stay positive?First, we should learn to accept unexpected changes in life, wrote Xiong Kewei, a psychological consultant (咨询师) at Beijing Normal University. We might learn new lessons from these changes, like respecting (尊重) nature and being more responsible (有担当的).Another useful way to stay positive is to stick to a normal routine (正常作息).“The key is to take good care of the body, arrange a reasonable schedule, ensure adequate sleep and diet, and get the necessary rest and relaxation,” Zhang Hong, deputy chief physician of Wuhan Mental Health Center, told China Daily.阅读短文，从每小题所给的选项中选择能回答问题的最佳选项。

Modelling to contain pandemicsAgent-based computational models can capture irrational behaviour, complex social networks and global scale — all essential in confronting H1N1, says Joshua M. Epstein .A s the world braces for an autumn wave of swine flu (H1N1), the relatively new technique of agent-based computational modelling is playing a central part in mapping the disease’s possible spread, and designing policies for its mitigation.Classical epidemic modelling, which began in the 1920s, was built on differential equa-tions. These models assume that the popula-tion is perfectly mixed, with people movingfrom the susceptible pool,to the infected one, to therecovered (or dead) one.Within these pools, every-one is identical, and no oneadapts their behaviour. A tri-umph of parsimony, this approachrevealed the threshold nature of epidem-ics and explained ‘herd immunity’, wherethe immunity of a subpopulation can stifleoutbreaks, protecting the entire herd.But such models are ill-suited to captur-ing complex social networks and the direct contacts between individuals, who adapt theirbehaviours — perhaps irrationally — based on disease prevalence. Agent-based models (ABMs) embrace this complexity. ABMs are artificial societies: every single person (or ‘agent’) is represented as a dis-tinct software individual. The computer model tracks each agent, ‘her’ contacts and her health status as she moves about virtual space — travel-ling to and from work, for instance. The models can be run thousands of times to build a robust statistical portrait comparable to epidemic data. ABMs can record exact chains of transmission from one individual to another. Perhaps most importantly, agents can be made to behave something like real people: prone to error, bias, fear and other foibles. Such behaviours can have a huge effect on disease progres-sion. What if significant num-bers of Americans refuse H1N1 vaccine out of fear? Surveys and historical experience indicate that this is entirely possible, as is substantial absenteeism among health-care workers. Fear itself can be contagious. In 1994, hundreds of thousands of people fled the Indian city of Surat to escape pneumonic plague, although by World Health Organization criteria no cases were con-firmed. The principal challenge for agent mod-elling is to represent such behavioural factors appropriately; the capacity to do so is improv-ing through survey research, cognitive science,and quantitative historical study.Robert Axtell and I published a full agent-based epidemic model 1 in 1996. Agents withdiverse digital immune systems roamed a land-scape, spreading disease. The model trackeddynamic epidemic networks, simple mecha-nisms of immune learning, and behaviouralchanges resulting from disease progression, allof which fed back to affect epidemic dynamics.However, the model was small (a few thousandagents) and behaviourally primitive.Now, the cutting edge in performance is theGlobal-Scale Agent Model (GSAM)2, developedby Jon Parker at the Brookings Institution’sCenter on Social and Economic Dynamics inWashington DC, which I direct. This includes6.5 billion distinct agents, with movementand day-to-day local interactions modelled asavailable data allow. The epidemic plays outon a planetary map, colour-coded for the dis-ease state of people in differentregions — black for suscepti-ble, red for infected, and bluefor dead or recovered. The map pictured shows the state ofaffairs 4.5 months into a simu-lated pandemic beginning inTokyo, based on a plausible H1N1 variant.For the United States, the GSAM contains 300million cyber-people and every hospital andstaffed bed in the country. The National Centerfor the Study of Preparedness and CatastrophicEvent Response at Johns Hopkins University inBaltimore is using the model to optimize emer-gency surge capacity in a pandemic, supportedby the Department of Homeland Security.Models, however, are not crystal ballsand the simulation shown here is not a pre-diction. It is a ‘base case’ which by design is highly unrealistic, ignoring pharmaceuticals, quarantines, school closures and behavioural adaptations. It is nonetheless essential because, base case in hand, we can rerun the model to investigate the questions that health agencies face. What is the best way to allocate limited supplies of vaccine or antiviral drugs? How effective are school or work closures? Agent-based models helped to shape avian flu (H5N1) policy, through the efforts of the National Institutes of Health’s Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study (MIDAS) — a research network to which the Brookings Institution belongs. The GSAM was recently presented to officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, and other agencies, and will be inte-gral to MIDAS consulting on H1N1 and other emerging infectious diseases. In the wake of the 11 September terrorist attacks and anthrax attacks in 2001, ABMs played a similar part in designing containment strategies for smallpox. These policy exercises highlight another important feature of agent models. Because they are rule-based, user-friendly and highly visual, they are natural tools for participatory modelling by teams — clinicians, public-health experts and modellers. The GSAM executes an entire US run in around ten minutes, fast enough for epidemic ‘war games’, giving deci-sion-makers quick feedback on how interven-tions may play out. This speed may even permit the real-time streaming of surveillance data for disease tracking, akin to hurricane tracking. As H1N1 progresses, and new health challenges emerge, such agent-based modelling efforts will become increasingly important. ■Joshua M. Epstein is director of the Center on Social and Economic Dynamics at the Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington DC 20036, USA.e-mail:**********************1. Epstein, J. M. & Axtell, R. L. Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up Ch. V. (MIT Press, 1996).2. Parker, J. A. ACM Trans Model. Comput. S. (in the press).See Opinion, page 685, and Editorial, page 667. Further reading accompanies this article online. “Agents can be made to behave something like real people: prone to error, bias, fear.”J . P A R K E RSimulation of a pandemic beginning in T okyo.687Below is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company, believe inyourself do better next year!I wish you all work study progress in the year to come.。