Book 6_U1_Grammar and usage

Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usage (II)Ellipsis◆内容分析：本板块围绕单元话题，以“环保纪录片和环境志愿者活动”创设情境，引导学生在谈论关于环境保护的纪录片的对话中观察、探究省略这一语法现象，并自主归纳其核心语法规则；接着通过单句和语篇两个层面的练习巩固所学、内化新知；最后要求学生正确运用省略这一语法规则创作几条环保宣传语。

◆教学目标：By the end of this section, students will be able to:1.learn about the functions of ellipsis;2.summarize the general rules of ellipsis;3.apply the rules of ellipsis in the context.◆教学重难点：1.To summarize the general rules;2.To apply the rules correctly and properly.◆教学过程：Step 1 Review—Homework checking1. —Have you seen this film?—Yes, I have seen it.2. —Will the performance be put off till next week?—I hope it will not be put off till next week.3. The emperor cannot break his promise, although he would like to break his promise.4. You can watch the documentary or you can watch the feature film.5. The opera house looks grander now than it did when I visited it last year.6. In the Amazon rainforest, you can see many plants known to us and you can see thousands of animals.7. When she was alone, she often felt anxious and uncomfortable.8. I want to do something to help protect endangered animals, but I don't know how to help protect them.9. The boy could not go out to play basketball, even though he wanted to go out to play basketball.10. I like dancing more than I like singing.Suggested answers:1. —Have you seen this film?—Yes, I have (seen it).2. —Will the performance be put off till next week?—I hope (it will) not (be put off till next week).3. The emperor cannot break his promise, although he would like to (break his promise).4. You can watch the documentary or (you can watch) the feature film.5. The opera house looks grander now than (it did) when I visited it last year.6. In the Amazon rainforest, you can see many plants known to us and (you can see) thousands of animals.7. When (she was) alone, she often felt anxious and uncomfortable.8. I want to do something to help protect endangered animals, but I don't know how (to help protect them).9. The boy could not go out to play basketball, even though he wanted to (go out to play basketball).10. I like dancing more than (I like) singing.【设计意图：复习巩固。

Unit1 Grammar and usage and Integrated skills 课后习题基础夯实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.2.The film reminds me the happiest days when I was young.3.In our childhood,we were often reminded by Grandma (pay) attention to our table manners.4.Lily felt down because her (propose) was turned down by the manager.5.The top universities aim (choose) the most intelligent students.6.After his efforts,his dream (come) true.7.Doctor Li Wenliang,in Hubei Province,made great (achieve) during the outbreak of the virus.8.These ideas will be explored detail in next chapter.9.Saving and recycling are great value in the development of the modern society.10.If you follow me,you will make greater (succeed).11.(profession)spent more time on the research.12.They asked me to design a (post) for the activity.Ⅱ.短语填空1. the heavy rain,the football match was put off.2.After his retirement,he can his personal interests.3.Whatever happens,we’ll our promise.4.His dream of becoming a university teacher has .5.You’ll be able to choose a room your own personal taste.6.Even if the child’s access to schooling is difficult,you should not .7.To our satisfaction,his efforts on his children will .8.We to be there around six.Ⅲ.完成句子1.他们成功地克服了各种困难。

《Grammar and usage》知识清单一、词类（Parts of Speech）1、名词（Noun）普通名词（Common Noun）：如“book”（书）、“table”（桌子）。

专有名词（Proper Noun）：如“China”（中国）、“Tom”（汤姆）。

可数名词（Countable Noun）和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun）：可数名词有复数形式，如“apples”；不可数名词没有复数形式，如“water”。

2、动词（Verb）及物动词（Transitive Verb）和不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）：及物动词后需接宾语，如“eat an apple”；不及物动词后不接宾语，如“sleep”。

动词的时态（Tenses）：包括一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）等。

3、形容词（Adjective）形容词用于描述或修饰名词，如“beautiful girl”（漂亮的女孩）。

形容词的比较级（Comparative Degree）和最高级（Superlative Degree）：如“taller”（更高的）、“the tallest”（最高的）。

4、副词（Adverb）副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如“run fast”（跑得快）、“very beautiful”（非常漂亮）。

副词的比较级和最高级：如“more carefully”（更仔细地）、“most carefully”（最仔细地）。

5、代词（Pronoun）人称代词（Personal Pronoun）：如“I”（我）、“you”（你）、“he”（他）等。

选择性必修二Unit 1 The mass media语法补充练习：过去完成时一、过去完成时的应用1．与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样，使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。

在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。

I had learned some English before I came here.到去年他已经写了三篇故事。

He had written three stories by the end of last year.当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。

We had cleaned the house when he got there. 2．过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。

他说他当过兵。

He said he had been a soldier.3. 动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。

我本希望来看你。

I had hoped to visit you, but...他本想在北京买栋房子。

He had meant to buy a house in Beijing, but ...4.用于下列4个特殊句型中：1）hardly … when … , / no sooner … than …2）It/ That /This was the first time that …3）It was+时间段+since …4）… than sb. had thought /expected /hoped /wanted等。

我刚开开门，他就告诉了我。

Hardly had I opened the door when he told me the news.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

No sooner had he bought the car than he sold it.这是他第二次和她一道出去。

牛津高中英语教学设计教材：牛津高中英语(模块六)高二上学期文档内容：教学设计—教案单元：Unit 1 Laughter is good for you板块：Grammar作者：刘青Thoughts on the design:本节课是一节语法复习课。

因为非谓语动词学生都已经学过，本堂课主要由教师引导学生回顾非谓语动词作主语、定语和宾语补足语的用法和含义，再配以相应的练习和活动确保学生对非谓语动词这几项功能的掌握和正确运用。

Teaching aims:After this class, the students will be able to1. tell the differences between “to do” and “doing”;2.express their opinions using the verb forms;e non-finite in exercises correctly.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead in (PPT4-5)Give the students a sentence “Laughter is good for our health. So l love comedies. With everything prepared, I will perform in the comedy to be put on this weekend. Acting in a drama will be an unforgettable experience. ” and ask “What are the functions of the parts in red?”They are: object complement, attributive and subject.What is the grammatical term for the three verb forms? —non-finite[Explanation]因为学生在模块五刚系统地学习了非谓语动词的含义和用法，对此还比较熟悉，直接用语境让他们识别，自然的引出现在非谓语动词的几个形式。

Period 2 Grammar and usageTeaching aims:1.Consolidate the Ss’knowledge about the grammar items-----present simple tense &present continuous tense.2.★（for Class 6&7）Explain verbs ending in –ed used as adverbial to the Ssand have them learn to use it to make sentences.Teaching importance: the usage of the first two grammar items.Teaching difficulty: the usage of –ed used as adverbial.Teaching methods: cooperation & discussion, explanation and practice.Teaching steps:Step 1: General introduction1．Revision of the present tenses.Warming upWarming up by reading, turn to page 4 and do the exercises.1) Read the sentences and answer the questions.2) Read the passage again. Choose 3 sentences in the present simple tense and two in the present continuous tense. Say which uses they show.Summary about the present tenseWe’ve studied the present tenses in junior school in the past, let’s have a revision about the tenses in brief. When and where to use the present tenses is the most important point. Now, we have a conclusion:1)To denote present habitual action (表示现在习惯性行为)We go to school at seven o’clock every day.Bill often drinks heavily every night.2)To denote present state. (表示目前存在的状态)Honesty is the best policy to solve problems.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.3)To denote an objective truth.(表示客观真理)The earth is round and moves around the sun.Knowledge is power.4)To denote future actions sometimes.(有时指将来)I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.The plane leaves for Miami at eight o’clock tonight.高考链接1) The house could fall down soon if no one ____ some quick repair works.(2004)A. has doneB. is doingC. doesD. had done2) Come and see me whenever ____. (2003 北京)A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you3) He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____ from the university next year.(2002 上海)A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduatesD. is to graduate4) I ____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. (NMET 2001)A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play5) --You are drinking too much.--Only at home. No one ____ me but you. (2000 北京)Warming up1) Warming up by reading My First Day at Senior High again and underline the adjectives with–ing or –ed endings.2) Warming up by choosingA. The –ing form describes characteristics of thingsB. The –ed form describes the characteristics of peopleC. The –ing form describes the people or things that cause the feelingYou may see the –ing or –ed forms of verbs from time to time in our reading materials used as adjectives as predicative to express the characteristics of something or somebody, but do youTheir regulation in usage can be shown in following patterns:sb. + be + -ed (the –ed form describes people)sth. + be + -ing(the –ing form describes things)高考链接I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I’m interesting in football. (1997Step2: Exercises for consolidation1. Exercises for the present tense1. I ____ to have another try if I can get another chance.A. have been meaningB. meanC. am meaningD. meant2. ____ your broken leg.A. Do be careful ofB. Do care forC. Be carefulD. To be care full to3. It’s the third time that you ____ late for school this week.A. wereB. areC. had beenD. have been4. I won’t go home until I ____ the job.A. have doneB. had doneC. have beenD. are5. These kinds of shoes ____ well.A. don’t sellB. are not sellC. won’t be soldD. were not sold6. A quarrel ____ between the two neighbors.A. broke outB. was broken outC. is breaking outD. is broken out7. How long do you think the meeting ____ ?A. lastsB. will lastC. is lastedD. is lasting8. Our school yard ___ an area of 1,500 square meters.A. coversB. is coveredC. extendsD. is extended9. While this tough meat is being cooked, more water should ____ it.A. add toB. be added toC. had been added up toD. will be added to10. They left for Beijing last week and we ____ them so far.A. don’t hear fromB. didn’t hear fromC. haven’t heard fromD. won’t hear from11. You are very busy. I ____ you ____ hard for your experiment.A. suppose, are workingB. am supposing, are workingC. am supposing, workD. suppose, work12. My brother ____ a lot. He ____ a new novel at the moment.A. reads, readsB. reads, is readingC. is reading, is readingD. is reading, read13. Perhaps it will be a long time ____ from abroad.A. when Tom comes backB. when Tom will come backC. before Tome comes backD. that Tom comes back14. There ____ the bus. Harry up.A. is comingB. comeC. comesD. had come15. If you ____ over there for a moment, the manager will be here soon.2. Exercises for the participlesTranslate the following into English by using the–ing or –ed forms of verbs. They are used not only as predictive but also as complements of object, but the regulation is similar.1)你讲的这个事情很有意思。

1.The science of computer in _______ rapid progress has been made in recent years,plays a very important role m our daily life.2.Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn?3.The first book _______ I bought is very popular.4.This is Mr.Smith. ________ I think has something interesting to tell you.5.It was in that house ________ he used to live that the secret meeting was held.6.The ancestor is a person in your family________ lived a long time ago.7.The scene was like a big blanket ________unfolded before our eyes.8.In China there is the Mid-Autumn Festival, _______ people admire the moon apart from enjoying mooncakes.9.This creature lives in the depths of the ocean, _______it is safe.10.They found accommodation on the mountain, __________ they could get a good view of the countryside.11.____________ we all know, swimming is of great benefit to our health.12.This is the last time ____________ I’ll give you a lesson.13.He is the man _______________ we should learn from.14.We’ll put off the outing until next week, ____________ we won’t be busy.15.The reason ____________ I was away from school is ___________ I was caught in the traffic jam.16.Something_________ suits you is convenient for you or is the best thing for you in the circumstances.17.Those ________ have a preference for something would like to have or do that thing rather than something else.18.Your vocabulary is the total number of words _____you know in a particular language.19.Anyone_______ breaks a taboo is likely to feel somewhat upset or embarrassed.20.He is a man of straightforward speech, _________ has no intention of hurting others.21.The reason ______ he was late for the class was that he overslept.22.This is the factory＿＿＿his father works.23.This is the factory＿＿＿his father built.24.The way ＿＿＿he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.25.The way ＿＿＿he told to us was quite simple.26.A statue is a large sculpture of a person or an animal, ________is made of stone or metal.27.We should try to live in harmony with wild animals, _________ are humans’ friends.28.The custom has come down to us from our ancestors, ________ developed it a long time ago.29.Put this item of furniture in an unimportant position in the house, ________it won't get in the way.30.A goat is a farm animal or a wild animal______ is about the size of a sheep, while a lamb is a young sheep.31.Have you seen the newly released film, ___________ leading actor is world famous?32.It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both _____________ can help you with evaluation.33.York, ___________ I visited last year, is a nice city.34.“A Brief History of Time”, __________ is a best-selling book, is written by Stephen Hawking.35.___________ is reported in the newspaper. talks between the two countries are making progress.36.A kindergarten is a school for very young children, ________ they learn things by playing.37.Handwriting is something ________is done with a pen or pencil, not printed or typed.38.Someone __________is fluent in a particular language can speak the language easily and correctly.39.The linguist says that people _______ speak with accents are different to communicate with.40.That is the only reason ________we cooperate with them in this area.。

《英语》（选修·第一册）Unit 1 Our living planetGrammar and usageI. L earning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:1. learn something about the changing lengths of days and years;2. learn about the definition and the form of inversion;3. summarize the grammatical rules of inversion;4. apply the rules in new situations appropriately.II. Key competence focusDevelop the thinking ability by analyzing and summarizing the grammar rules.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. How to use inversion freely and properly in their writing and speaking.2. Explore the rules of inversion.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Warming up1.T leads in by the following questions:1)Do you know which day is the longest and which day is the shortest in a year?2)Are there any possibilities that lengths of days and years are changing?2.T asks the Ss to answer the following questions after reading the article from a science website.1)What do we seldom doubt??2)What are the main evidences for the changing lengths of days and years?3)What may the expression “24/7” have to be replaced with?【设计意图: 一开始通过两个连环问题对学生进行头脑风暴，自然地引入到了本堂课的背景材料中，让学生提前感知本节课的文章话题并带出本节课的语法知识点。

Book 1 Unit 1 Food mattersGrammar and usageTo-infinitives as subjects and predicatives一、教学目标By the end of this section, students will be able to:1. identify the use of to-infinitives as subjects and predicatives;2. work out the rules of to-infinitives used as subjects and predicatives;3. distinguish and use the right form of to-infinitives to finish tasks of rewriting sentences and completing amagazine article;4. apply to-infinitives in new situations.二、教学重难点1. To distinguish and use the right form of to-infinitives to finish tasks;2. To apply to-infinitives in new situations.三、教学过程步骤教学活动设计意图互动时间/模式Lead-inStep 1 1. The teacher has students read the blog entry onPage 6 and complete a mind map.2. The teacher has students complete the table ofPart A on Page 6.通过阅读，引导学生了解“外出吃饭和在家做饭”这个语篇的脉络框架，并在此基础上观察文中动词不定式的使用情况。

Unit 1 The mass mediaGrammar and usage (II)Past perfect tense◆内容分析：本板块的语篇围绕单元话题“大众传媒”，介绍了美国新闻工作者、出版家约瑟夫•普利策的生平事迹。

首先要求学生阅读语篇，探究过去完成时的概念，并归纳过去完成时使用的一般规则；其次，引导学生在句子和语篇两个层面循序浙进地练习并巩固所学，深化理解过去完成时的含义；最后要求学生叙述中国新闻工作者、出版家邹韬奋的生平，在具体语境中正确使用过去完成时。

◆教学目标：By the end of this section, students will be able to:1.understand the usage of the past perfect tense;2.identity the verb form of the past perfect tense;e the right forms of the past perfect tense to correct the mistakes and complete an article;4.apply the past perfect tense in new contexts.◆教学重难点：1.To summarize the general rules;2.To apply the rules correctly and properly;◆教学过程：Step 1 Homework CheckingC.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs.1. had finished2. had been3. have been4. (had) studied5. had wanted6. called7. had recommended8. had leftStep 2 Applying the rules1. T asks the Ss to finish part B1.B1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below.1) Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he had started to work hard at the language.Suggested answer: 去掉learnt之前的had2) Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he arrived home at midnight, he was working for over 10 hours.Suggested answer: 改was working为had worked3) For the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a journalist and publisher. Suggested answer: 改For为By4) Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its failure in 1931. Suggested answer: 改have为had2. T asks the Ss to finish part B2.B2 Below is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes. Complete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.Suggested answer: (1)had built (2) were awarded (3) had won (4) hasbeen allowed (5) had intended3. After finishing the box, T asks the Ss to answer the following questions:1) Who had devoted a lot before The Pulitzer Prizes were established?Suggested answer: Joseph Pulitzer.2) What categories have The Pulitzer Prizes also expanded to include?Suggested answer: Photography and music.【设计意图：这个步骤是这堂课的核心部分，将语法知识和语境相结合，在语境中学习语法知识。