2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：33

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The visiting professor was so（）in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.
问题1选项
A.imminent
B.eminent
C.precedent
D.prudent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。

根据关键词visiting professor （客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。

句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。

故该题选择B 项正确。

2.
单选题
This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.
问题1选项
A.presentation
B.instruction
C.conviction
D.obligation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。

句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.
单选题
Changing the computer system would entail substantial periods of retraining.
问题1选项
A.withhold
B.extend
C.overtake
D.impose
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

entail表示“使需要，承担，引起”；A项withhold“保留，隐瞒”，B项extend“延伸，扩大”，C项overtake“改善，压倒”，D项impose“利用，强加”。

句意：改变计算机系统将需要大量的再培训时间。

根据句意可知，“需要大量的时间”相当于“延长时间”，故该题选择B项正确。

4.
单选题
Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural
问题1选项
A.inclined
B.struggled
C.argued
peted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争，比赛”。

句意：汉密尔顿希望国家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。

根据句意可知，选择C项正确。

5.
单选题
New York probably has the largest number of different language（）in the world.
问题1选项
A.neighborhoods
munities
C.clusters
D.assemblies
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项neighborhood“街坊，街区”，B项community“社区，共同体，团体”，C项cluster“群，簇”，D项assembly“装配，集合”；根据空格前面的different language（不同的语言），结合句子的语境，只有B项符合。

句意：纽约可能是世界上不同语言社区数量最多的城市。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.
单选题
A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.
问题1选项
A.turn to
B.add to
C.keep to
D.lead to
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

Stick to表示“坚持”；A项turn to“转向，变成”，B项add to“加入，加到”，C项keep to“坚持，遵守”，D项lead to“导致”。

句意：一个高级官员如果能坚持自己的原则，就很可能赢得尊重和信任。

根据句意可知C项正确。

7.
单选题
The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences. 问题1选项
A.optimistic
B.anxious
C.uncertain
D.scared
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

apprehensive表示“忧虑的，不安的”；A项optimistic“乐观的”，B项anxious“焦虑的”，C项uncertain“不确定的”，D项scared“害怕的”。

句意：这个国家进行了核试验，并不担心其后果。

根据句意可知，选择B项正确。

8.
单选题
Last month, the public address system at Earl’s Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: “Stand back or the train will run you over.” “Don’t lean on the doors.” “Stand back from the opening doors.” “Do this.” “Don’t do that.”
Bossiness is not just aural. It is a lso written. As a commuter, I’m continually bombarded by notices on car walls. “Please take your feet of the seat.” “Please turn down your personal stereo.” And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: “School. Slow down!”
The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.
Britain didn’t use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warming on screen before we settled d own to watch. “Don’t,” it said, “make noises.” In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman’s breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.
There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.
I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them bossier. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.
My local government isn’t the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.
1. The case at Earl’s Court subway station shows that（）.
2. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons（）.
3. It is suggested in the passage that（）.
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
5. The author writes this passage in a（）. 问题1选项
A.it is very noisy in public places
B.it is necessary to warm the passengers of their safety
C.people have realized the importance of public order
D.people have been tired of being bossed
问题2选项
A.need to be bossed to behave themselves
B.want to be reminded of how to behave well
C.must have everything spelled out
D.are raised in uncivilized society
问题3选项
A.now Britons behave much better than they did in the past
B.in the past Britons behaved much better than they do now
C.the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossiness
D.television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain
问题4选项
A.Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.
B.The local government has got involved in the church activities.
C.The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.
D.The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people’s behavior.
问题5选项
A.funny tone
B.criticizing tone
C.friendly tone
D.radical tone
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:推理判断题。

题干意思是“厄尔法院地铁站的案子表明……”。

根据文章第一段第二句Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious（乘客们似乎已经受够了那些显而易见的事情盲目地被人提醒）可推测，地铁站的公共广播总是重复相同的且显而易见的事情，让人们感到厌倦，所以D项“人们已经厌倦了被人指挥”符合题意。

A项“公共场所很吵”比较片面，人们觉得公共广播系统很吵的原因是因为它一直重复提醒大家一些显而易见的东西；B项“有必要让乘客感到安全”和C项“人们已经意识到公共秩序的重要性”都不符合原文的意思。

故该题选D正确。

第2题:细节推理题。

题干意思是“人们认为专横跋扈无处不在是因为英国人……”。

根据第二段Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I’m continually bombard ed by notices on car walls. Please take your feet of the seat.” “Please turn down your personal stereo.” And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: “School. Slow down!”（霸道不仅仅是口头上的，它也是书面上的；作为一名通勤者，我不断被汽车墙上的告示轰炸：“请在座位上坐下。

”“请把你的立体声音响关小一点。

”当我开车经过当地的小学时，一个指示牌闪过：“学校。

慢下来！”）可以推断，英国在公共场合出现很多语音或者书面的提示是因为他们想要突出自己礼貌的行为举止，所以A项“需要被提醒礼貌的举止”符合题意。

B项“想要别人提醒你如何举止得体”为干扰项，英国广播系统到处提示人们是提醒英国人应该举止礼貌，该项过度解读所以错误；C项“必须把一切都说清楚”，在第三段第一句提到The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out（这些迹象背后的假设是，英国人必须把一切都说清楚）可知，这里只是提出的一个假设，所以该项不选；D项“在不文明的社会长大”文中未提及。

故该题选A正确。

第3题:推理判断题。

题干意思是“这篇文章暗示了……”。

根据文章第四段第一句Britain didn’t use to be so bossy（英国过去可没这么专横）和第五句Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace.（从那以后，专横跋扈变得越来越普遍）可知，过去的英国人比现在的英国人表现要好得多，所以B项“过去英国人比现在表现得好得多”正确。

A项“现在英国人的行为比过去好多了”，内容与原文正相反；C项“屏幕上占主导地位的人应该为这种新的霸道行为负责”，第五段提到There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness.（指责电视的这种新霸道是没有意义的）可知，C项错误；D项“电视误导了英国公众的道德和生活方式”，第四段倒数第三句提到Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people.（电视是这个国家公共道德和生活方式最有力的引导，它与占统治地位的人共存），由此可知，文中只是提到电视是公共道德和生活方式最有力的引导，而没有强调它误导了英国公众的道德和生活方式，所以D项错误。

故该题选B正确。

第4题:细节推断题。

题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”。

第六段提到I love this: The governments are bossing people to make them bossier.（我喜欢这个：政府对人颐指气使，使他们更专横），由此可推断，政府是想通过对人颐指气使来使他们显得更具有权威，所以C项“政府想通过对人颐指气使使自己更有权威”正确。

根据第四段倒数第三句Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people.（电视是这个国家公共道德和生活方式最有力的引导，它与占统治地位的人共存）可知，A项“电视应该在提高公共道德方面发挥作用”内容比较片面；B项“当地政府已经参与了教会的活动”文章中未提及；最后一段提到But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior.（但专横跋扈的增多似乎并没有伴随着社会适应性良好行为的增多），由此可知D项“专横跋扈的兴起有助于人们行为的改善”错误。

故该题选C正确。

第5题:观点态度题。

题干意思是“作者以一种……语调写了这篇文章”。

根据第一段had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious（已经受够了那些显而易见的提醒）中的blindly（盲目地）和第三段Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.（英国人必须把一切都说清楚，因为我们是被狼养大的野蛮人）以及文章最后一句if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same（如果你觉得别人轻视你，你也会以同样的态度来对待他们），由此可知，作者是用一种讽刺的手法写这篇文章的，所以B项“批判的语气”符合题意。

A项“有趣的语气”、C项“友好的语气”和D项“激进的语气”都不正确。

故该题选B。

9.
单选题
As an important（）for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.
问题1选项
A.vessel
B.vest
C.venture
D.vehicle
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项vessel“船，器皿”，B项vest“背心，汗衫”，C项venture“冒险旅行”，D项vehicle“车辆，交通工具，运载工具”。

后文提到“音乐在生活中发挥重要作用”，根据前文的our emotion and ideas（我们的情感和思想）可知空格处表示“载体”。

句意：作为情感和思想的重要载体，音乐在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。

因此，该题D项正确。

10.
单选题
Despite the suspect’s（）to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved. 问题1选项
A.conviction
B.assertion
C.accusation
D.speculation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项conviction“定罪，确信”，B项assertion“断言，声明”，C项accusation“控告，指责”，D项speculation表示“投机，推测”。

句意：尽管嫌疑犯声称自己是无辜的，但有令人信服的证据表明他参与了此事。

因此B项正确。

11.
单选题
TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims’ families.
问题1选项
A.briefly
B.quickly
C.accurately
D.earnestly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。

promptly表示“迅速地，立即地”；A项briefly“简洁地”，B项quickly“迅速地，快速地”，C项accurately“精确地，准确地”，D项earnestly“认真地，诚挚地”。

句意：环球航空公司因试图掩盖真相而没有及时通知受害者家属而受到批评。

根据句意可知，选择B项正确。

12.
单选题
To achieve sustainable development, the（）of resources is assuming new importance.
问题1选项
A.conservation
B.reservation
C.exhaustion
D.devastation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项conservation“保护，保存”，B项reservation“预定”，C项exhaustion“筋疲力尽”，D项devastation“毁坏”。

根据后面的resource可知句意：为了实现可持续发展，储备资源正具有新的重要性。

因此A项正确。

13.
单选题
In the United States there are more people who are obese today than twenty years ago.
问题1选项
A.gainfully employedt
B.upwardly mobile
C.excessively overweight
D.privately educated
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

obese表示“肥胖的，过胖的”；A项gainful ly employed“被高薪聘用”，B 项upwardly mobile“ 走向富裕的，走向上层社会的”，C项excessively overweight“过度超重”，D项privately educated“私立学校”。

句意：在美国，现在肥胖的人比20年前要多。

根据句意可知，只有C项中的weight表示体重，故该题选择C项正确。

14.
单选题
Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours（）, if possible. 问题1选项
A.on purpose
B.on hand
C.on credit
D.on end
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项on purpose“有目的地，故意地”，B项on hand“在手边，即将发生”，C项on credit“赊账”，D项on end“连续地，竖着”。

空格前面提到“有些青少年对电子游戏如此着迷，以至于玩了好几个小时”，由此可知空格部分表示“时间上持续地，连续地”。

句意：一些青少年对电子游戏如此着迷，如果可能的话，他们会连续玩上几个小时。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

15.
单选题
As（）China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.
问题1选项
A.in the light of
B.in the event of
C.in the case of
D.in the course of
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项in the light of“根据，鉴于”，B项in the event of“万一，如果”，C项in the case of“在……情况下，在……方面”，D项in the course of“在……过程中”；根据句子语意“就……中国和其他新兴出口大国，加强反腐败活动的努力正在获得势头”可知，C项符合语境。

句意：就中国和其他新兴出口大国方面来说，加强反腐败活动的努力正在获得势头。

因此，该题选择C项正确。