2018年北京朝阳区初三⼀模英语试卷⼀、单选2. A.in B.at C.onD.to In order to keep cool, many people go swimming summer.3. A.and B.but C.soD.or Hurry up, you'll be late for school.4. A.exciting B.more exciting C.most excitingD.the most exciting I think skiing is than running.5. A.has B.had C.is havingD.will have Jack a good rest as soon as he finishes the exam.6. e B.came C.have comeD.will come Every year many foreigners to China to learn Chinese.7. A.reads B.read C.is readingD.will read —Where's Bob?—He in the library now.8. A.have B.had C.will haveD.am having I a picnic with my brother last Sunday. It was great.9. A.won't see B.don't see C.haven't seen D.didn't seeI my grandparents since 2016. I miss them very much.1. A.me B.him C.her D.themLook! That old man is crossing the road. Let's go and help .10.A.listens B.listened C.was listening D.has listenedMy mother to music when I got home at five o'clock yesterday.11. A.give B.are given C.gave D.were givenSome new computers to that village school last month.12.A.how the accident happens B.how the accident happenedC.how does the accident happenD.how did the accident happen—Excuse me, could you tell me ?—Sorry, sir. I wasn't there at that time yesterday.⼆、完形填空13.Saving Jesse's ArmAt about 8 p.m. on July 6th, eight-year-old Jesse was playing in the sea in a National Park near Pensacola. It was the end of a perfect day at the beach with his uncle and aunt.Suddenly, a two-meter-long shark （鲨⻥）appeared 1 , and it bit off Jesse's right arm from the shoulder. By the time his uncle and aunt pulled Jesse out of the water, he was unconscious （失去知觉的）and had already lost a lot of 2 .While Jesse's aunt was giving the boy the kiss of life, his uncle ran back into the sea and 3 the shark. Amazingly, he managed to catch the shark and pull it out of the water onto the beach, although this might sound impossible. At that moment two park workers arrived to help the family and one of them shot the shark four times in the head. Then he held open the shark's 4 while the other worker reached down its stomach and pulled out Jesse's arm.A few minutes later, a helicopter （直升机）took the boy and his arm to the nearest hospital, where Dr. Ian Rogers and his team managed to 5 the arm to Jesse's body again.The operation lasted eleven hours. When the doctors saw Jesse's fingers go pink, they knew the operation had been a 6 .After such a terrible accident nobody believes that good things will happen, but the medical team are hopeful that Jesse will be able to 7 his arm again in the future."Although Jesse's story is terrifying, it would be not correct to think that sharks are always so dangerous. Sharks are usually harmless to human." Dr. Ian Rogers said. "However, we should be 8 for safety and should only swim on beaches where there are lifeguards."1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8. A.quickly B.slowly C.loudly D.happilyA.waterB.weightC.bloodD.sightA.helpedB.killed C.bit D.foundA.mouthB.eyeC.earD.headA.stopB.connectC.placeD.breakA.failB.harmC.successD.progressA.giveeC.makeD.putA.respectablefortableC.terribleD.responsible三、阅读理解14.Special FestivalsSt. Anthony's DayJanuary 17th is St. Anthony's Day in Mexico （墨⻄哥）. It's aday when people ask for protection for their animals bybringing them to church. But before the animals go into thechurch, the people usually dress them up in flowers andribbons.The Festival of RakhiLong ago in India, a young lady who needed help sent hersilk bracelet （⼿镯）to a king. Although he did not arrive intime to help her, he kept the bracelet as a sign betweenthem. Today in India, during the festival of Rakhi, sisters ofall ages tie bracelets around wrists of their brothers to showtheir care and love.Spring FestivalOne of the biggest celebrations in China is Spring Festival.It's the first day of the lunar year. Families get together andwatch special programs on TV with the family on the LunarNew Year's Eve. People can see a lot of traditional programstoo, such as lion dancing or dragon dancing. They wishpeople a happy new year and a bright future.SetsubunA.Mexico.B.China.C.India.D.Japan.（1）A.Setsubun. B.The Festival of Rakhi.C.Spring Festival.D.St. Anthony's Day.（2）A.Bring their animals to church. B.Watch special programs onC.Give a bracelet to their family.D.Throw beans around their homes.（3）On the evening of February 3rd, people in Japan celebratethe end of winter and the beginning of spring. This is knownas Setsubun. Family members throw dried beans aroundtheir homes, shouting, "Good luck in!"People celebrate the festival of Rakhi in .Which festival is on the evening of February 3rd?What do people do on the Lunar New Year's Eve?15.（1）There was a time when no one knew the name Harry Potter. Nowthe adventures of this extraordinary student at Hogwarts School ofWitchcraft and Wizardry are read in over 45 languages, includingRussian, Thai, and even ancient Greek. No one can explain the Harry Potter phenomenon （现象）—not even J.K. Rowling, his creator.J.K. Rowling was born in England in 1965. From a young age, she knew she wanted to be a writer. When she was 6, she wrote her first story—about a rabbit that gets sick. At school, she used to make up stories to tell her friends.After graduation from college, she worked as a secretary. But she didn't give up her dream.She spent her lunch hour writing stories, mainly for adults. Then in 1990, on a train trip to London, she got the idea from the boy wizard. She says he just appeared in her head. She soon created many other characters to help Harry fight the forces of darkness.She kept working on the story while she was teaching English in Portugal, where she married, had her first child, and divorced （与……离婚） a year later. When she returned to England, she brought back a box of Harry Potter stories.After returning home, she was broke and living in a small house. She continued writing, and in 1995, finished the first book in the series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. It was published （出版）in 1997 and became an unexpected bestseller.Rowling's life has changed a lot. She has become internationally famous and now earns around $40 million a year. She remarried, had a second child and lives in Scotland now.When did J.K. Rowling write her first story about a rabbit?A.In 1965.B.In 1971.C.In 1990.D.In 1995.A.B.C.D.（2）A.lives in Scotland now B.never gives up her dreamC.earns around $40 millionD.keeps working on the train（3）What happened to J.K. Rowing in 1997?She had a train trip to London.She taught English in Portugal.She became an unexpected bestseller.She remarried and had a second child.J.K. Rowling become successful because she .16.In the days before electricity, people don't worry much about sleep. Theyusually went to bed a couple of hours after sunset （⽇落）and woke atsunrise. After all, there wasn't much to do in those days after the sun wentdown. But then came the electric light bulb （电灯泡）. And now we havesatellite television, the Internet, 24-hour convenience stores, and longer hours at work. How much can we sleep? How much should we sleep?Like it or not, many of us are sleeping less on average （平均）. In 1910, most Americans slept 9 hours a night. That dropped to 7.5 hours by 1975. In 2002, a study by the National Sleep Foundation found that the average American got only 6.9 hours. The news is even worse for people who work the night shift. They sleep an average of just 5 hours.Are we sleeping enough? Not if you believe in the old rule of eight hours of rest, eight hours of work, and eight hours of play. On the other hand, Norman Stanley, a British scientist who studies sleep, believes people's sleep needs are different. Some people need as many as 11hours, but others need as few as three. How much do you really need? "To find out, " he says,"simply sleep until you wake naturally, without the help of an alarm clock. That's your sleep need."Meanwhile, other scientists and researchers are searching for new ways to keep us awake longer. Some are developing chemicals （化学药品）that are safer and more powerful than caffeine, the chemical found in coffee and tea. One experimental drug, CX717, kept laboratory monkeys working happily for 36 hours. Further developments may allow people to safely stay awake for several days straight. One group of researchers is studying a gene （基因）found in some fruit flies that lets them get by on one-third the usual amount of sleep. Another group is even working on an electric switch that immediately wakes up a sleeping brain.A.5.B.6.9.C.7.5.D.9.（1）A.People have got enough sleep. B.People will work longer hours.C.Sleep time will be a big problem.D.Staying awake for long is possible.（2）A.To sleep or Not to sleep? B.How can We Sleep Longer?C.To Work or Not to Work?D.How Much We can Sleep?（3）The meanings of this research are huge. On the one hand, this could lead to a world where we work longer and longer hours with less and less sleep. On the other hand, if we needed less sleep, we would have more free time to travel, read, volunteer, and spend time with family.How many hours did most Americans sleep a night in 1975?What can we learn from the passage?What is probably the best title of the passage?17.All in the memoryMany people complain that their memory is bad, especially as they getolder. Phone numbers, names, facts we studied only a few days ago—lifewould be so much easier if we could remember them all effortlessly. So howcan we improve our memory?Many people think that repeating things is the best way to remember them. While this undoubtedly helps short-term memory （remembering a telephone number for a few seconds,for example ）, psychologists （⼼理学家）doubt whether it can help you to remember things for very long. The British psychologist E.C. Stanford seemed to prove this point when he tested himself on five prayers （祈祷⽂）that he had read aloud every morning for over 25 years. He found that he could remember no more than three words of some of them! More helpful,especially for remembering numbers, is grouping the information. The following numbers would be impossible for most of us to remember: 1492178919931848. But look at them in chunks , and it becomes much easier: 1492 1789 1993 1848.So what about "memory training" ? We've all heard about people who can memorize packs of cards by heart—how is this done and can anyone learn how to do it? According to experts,there are many ways of training your memory. Many of them involve forming a mental picture of the things to be memorized. One method, which may be useful in learning foreign languages,is to create a picture in your mind connected to a word you want to remember.Another method is to invent a story that includes all the things you want to remember. In experiments, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this skill; when tested afterwards, on average, they were able to recall 90% of them!A.B.C.D.（1）A.details B.turns C.groups D.lines（2）A.B.C.D.（3）A.B.C.D.（4）However, not all of us are interested in learning long lists of names and numbers just for fun. For those studying large number of information, psychologists suggest that the best way to form meaningful connections is to ask yourself lots of questions as you go along. So, for example, if you were reading about a particular disease （疾病）, you would ask yourself questions like: "Do people get it from water? ", "What parts of the body does it influence? " and so on. This is said to be far more effective than time spent "passively" reading and re-reading notes.Which of the following is true about repeating things according to the passage?It helps short-term memory for sure.It makes remembering things interesting.It helps to remember things for long.It makes remembering prayers effortlessly.The word "chunks " in Paragraph 2 probably means " " .What can we infer from the passage?Creating a picture is useful in learning math.Inventing a prayer trains our memory quickly.Remembering long numbers is easy for people.Asking yourself questions activates the memory.What's the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?To complain that his memory is bad.To recognize some memory problems.To explain some memory experiments.To share some ways of improving memory.四、任务型阅读18. A History of English in Five WordsIn 1582, Richard Mulcaster, headmaster of a British school, wrote that the English would not go beyond their island. However, it didn't stay that way. Today, English is spoken all over the world.English is a colorful and diverse （多样的）language that long has picked up words from many other languages. Here are five words that show the English language's interesting history.English（1）（2）（3）（4）English began in the language spoken by the early Germanic people in the fifth centuryA.D. It is from them that the word "English" comes. First it is the Latin word Angli which means the people of Angul, where the Germanic people were from.BeefAlthough roast beef is seen as a traditional English dish, the word "beef" was introduced from the French boeuf during the Middle Ages. It was one of a group of words, including pork and mutton, that were taken from the speech of the French who moved in Britain following the Norman Conquest （诺曼底登陆） of 1066. However, the farmers who kept these living things continued to call them by their old English names: cow, pig and sheep. This difference passes on till today.DictionaryDictionary is a borrowing from Latin dictornarius liber, "book of words"; It first appeared in English in the 6th century, along with a huge number of other words from Latin and Greek. The first English dictionary was written by Robert Cawdrey in 1604. Cawdrey focused only on the difficult words whose meanings would have caused problems for those not educated in Latin and Greek.TeaTea was brought into Britain early in the 17th century, becoming very popular by the 1650s.By the 18th century it had become a symbol （标志）of fashionable society and a best-selling of the coffee house culture.The word tea rises from the Chinese word cha. A love of tea is so ingrained （根深蒂固的）in British life that the expression "cup of tea" has come to stand for anything viewed positively.The saying "It's not my cup of tea." means: I don't like it.EmojiEmoji began developing in Japan in the 1990s for use by teenagers: the word "emoji"comes from the Japanese e-"picture" + moji "letter" . Its successful acceptance in English has been helped by its similarity to words with the e-prefix （前缀）like e-mail. The Unicode Consortium's （统⼀码联盟的）official lists emojis and their meanings, but users keep finding creative new ways to employ them. Emojis are just another example of the development and diversity of English.What language is the word "beef" from?Who wrote the first English dictionary?What does "it's not my cup of tea" mean?Why is the word "emoji" successfully accepted in English?（5）What makes English a colorful and diverse language?五、书⾯表达（⼆选⼀）19.假如你是中学⽣李华，你的美国笔友Jim⼀周前给你发了电⼦邮件，询问你暑假⾥的旅游计划及其他安排，但由于某种原因你没有及时回复。
