考点5】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)

英语定语从句考点重点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。

掌握定语从句的用法和特点对于英语学习者来说至关重要。

本文将对英语定语从句的考点进行重点总结和归纳。

一、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词：关系代词常用于引导定语从句，包括that，which，who，whom，whose等。

2.关系副词：关系副词也可以引导定语从句，主要包括when，where，why等。

二、定语从句的作用和位置定语从句通常用来修饰名词或代词，它可以紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后，也可以放在句子的末尾。

如果定语从句紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后，通常用关系代词来引导；如果放在句子末尾，则用关系代词或关系副词来引导。

三、定语从句的几种类型分析1.限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句是定语从句的一种常见形式，它对被修饰的名词起到了限定和具体化的作用，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。

关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在从句中修饰时间、地点或原因。

2.非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句是用来对被修饰的名词进行补充说明或者陈述一些额外信息的。

非限定性定语从句通常用逗号或者破折号与主句隔开，去掉定语从句对整个句子的意思没有太大影响。

四、定语从句的连接词使用注意事项1.关系代词that和which的区别：that通常用来引导限定性定语从句，which则常用于非限定性定语从句。

2.关系代词who和whom的区别：who用来引导指人的定语从句，并在从句中担任主语或者宾语；whom通常用于非限定性定语从句，担任宾语。

3.关系代词whose的用法：whose用来引导定语从句，表示所属关系。

5.关系副词when，where和why的用法：when用来表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。

五、定语从句的注意事项1.省略关系词：当关系从句中作主语、宾语或者介词宾语时，关系词（常用的是that或which）可以省略。

考点归纳（一）A. 定语从句1. 只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况？先行词前为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时．先行词前有：all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代词修饰时．先行词被序数词修饰时．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时．先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时．先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时．主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时．在there be 句型中．2. reason后面用什么引导？way 后面用什么引导？reason后面的定于从句用why引导。

way 后面定语从句用in which 或that引导that可以省略。

3. one of 和the (only) one of 引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么？前者引导的定于从句谓语动词用复数；后者用单数。

4. as 和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别？as和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句．都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分．as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首，并常和know, see, expect等词连用．意为："正如．．．"．而which不能位于句首．5. as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句？such... as the same... as so ... as..6. the same．．．as和the same ．．．that 引导的定语从句如何区别？the same．．．as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物，强调同类．the same．．．that引导的定语从句指的是同一物．This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.（相同）This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr. Li. (同一物)7. such．．．as ．．．和such．．．that．．．如何区分？such．．．as ．．．引导的是定语从句．as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分．such．．．that．．．引导的从句是状语从句．that只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成分．在选择填空练习题中，首先看从句中是否缺句子成分，如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句；如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分．8. whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点？whose 作定语,后面跟名词.一般有三种表示形式.例:This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.= This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.= This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.B. 名词性从句1. 主语从句主要用于哪些句型中？It is + (名词、形容词、过去分词) + that ...It seems(mattes / happened) that...2. that在名词性从句中应注意哪些问题？★that在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中（除宾语从句）即使不充当成分，that 不能省。

高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了！定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志！概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which 替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类：①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

He is a teacher who works at our school.②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。

名词性从句考点纳概念: 在整个句中起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

判断：主语从句在谓语动词前，且常用形式主语it宾语从句在动词、介词、形容词后表语从句在系动词后（be, seem, look等）同位语从句在名词后且引导词在从句中不作成分连接词分为三类：从属连词：that, (不充当从句的任何成分, 不可省，没有意义whether/ if (不充当从句的任何成分，不可省，“是否”的意思)连接代词：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever),whose: 充当主、宾、表、定连接副词：when, where, how, why (充当状语)名词性从句的做法1.判断2.从句中缺什么给什么考点一：what vs. thatwhat 在句中充当成分，后面跟意思是：that在从句中充当成分，后面跟，意义you have done might do harm to other people.you don’t like him is none of my business.考点二：that 的省略●由连接词that引导从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但是，从句是并列句时，第二个分句及以后的分句前的that 。

He told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and he will visit many sights.●that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。

He will win the match is certain.It is certain that he will win the match.he will win the match is certain.考点三：whether vs. if在名词性从句中表示“是否”多用，if 只用于引导从句。

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。

2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。

又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。

3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+w hich”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(Do you remember the day when you joined our club?)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。

【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。

2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。

又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school.“in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。

3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days agoA. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as 引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。

2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。

又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。

3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+w hich”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。

英语六级语法常见考点归纳在英语六级考试中，语法一直是考生最为担心的部分之一。

熟练掌握常见的语法知识点，不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解英语句子的结构和含义，还可以在考试中迅速准确地回答语法相关的问题。

本文将对六级考试中常见的语法知识点进行归纳总结，以便考生们能够更好地备考。

一、时态和语态1. 一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或真理性陈述。

例句：I usually go to school by bus.2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。

例句：She is watching TV at the moment.3. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。

例句：He lived in London for five years.4. 现在完成时：表示过去某个时间开始的动作一直持续到现在，或者与现在有关的动作。

例句：I have known her since we were in college.5. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。

例句：We were having dinner when the phone rang.6. 一般将来时：表示将来某个时间或将来习惯性的动作。

例句：They will come to visit us next week.7. 被动语态：表示动作的承受者，强调动作的发出者。

例句：The book was written by Mark Twain.二、条件句1. 条件句类型一：表示对未来可能发生的事情进行设想或推测。

例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.2. 条件句类型二：表示虚拟的条件，与事实相反。

例句：If I were you, I would study harder.3. 条件句类型三：表示过去的不可能发生的情况。

例句：If I had known about the plan, I would have joined.三、虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气用于表达非现实或假设的情况，通常包括以下几种情况：- 表示建议、要求、命令：I suggest that he (should) come early.- 表示愿望、要求、建议：I wish I were taller.- 表示假设的情况：If I were you, I would go.四、从句连接词1. 名词性从句：作为主语、宾语或表语，连接词有that, whether, what等。

【考点点拨】名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下：【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。

1．that 引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分。

① ______ made the school proud was _______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What / becauseB. What / thatC. That / whatD. That / because2．that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略, 但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。

如：She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.② Word comes ________ a group of Australian guests will come to visit our school next week.A. thatB. whichC. 不填D. about which3．介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。

但在介词besides，except，in后可用that引导宾语从句。

在有it作先行词时，that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。

③ The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that【考点2】名词性从句中引导词whether与if 的用法区别。

高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句和定语从句的区别高中英语知识点归纳——名词性从句和定语从句的区别在高中英语学习的过程中，名词性从句和定语从句是两个重要的语法知识点。

虽然它们都是从句，但是它们在句子结构和句意表达上有着明显的区别。

本文将对名词性从句和定语从句的区别进行归纳总结。

一、名词性从句名词性从句（Noun Clauses）是在句子中充当名词的从句，可以作主语、宾语、表语等。

1. 主语从句主语从句通常出现在句子的主语位置，起到主语的作用。

例如：What he said really surprised me.（他说的话真让我吃惊。

）2. 宾语从句宾语从句通常出现在动词的宾语位置，作为动作的对象。

例如：She asked me where I was going.（她问我去哪里。

）3. 表语从句表语从句通常出现在系动词后面，与主语有直接的关系。

例如：The fact is that he is not coming.（事实是，他不会来。

）4. 同位语从句同位语从句通常用来解释或说明名词，起到进一步说明的作用。

例如：I heard the news that she got the first prize.（我听说她得了第一名。

）名词性从句的特点是，它可以独立存在，具备句子的主要成分，并且可以由疑问词引导（例如：who, where, why等）或者由连词引导（例如：that, whether）。

二、定语从句定语从句（Adjective Clauses）用来修饰名词或代词，起到限制和说明的作用。

1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对被修饰的名词有限制性的说明，没有它，句意就不完整。

例如：The house that stands at the corner is mine.（位于拐角的那座房子是我的。

）2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对被修饰的名词有进一步的解释或说明，即使去掉也不会影响句意的完整性。

句子成分一．动词基本分类：1.实义动词包括及物（vt）和不及物(vi)vt 直接带宾语He likes English. V i 不需带宾语Did he come yesterday? 若要带宾语中间需加介词He arrived at the airport .2. 连系动词如：be/ look/sound/keep/taste/smell/taste/seem/become/turn/remain (依然)…3. 助动词：本身无意义，要与实义动词组成谓语。

如：do/does/will/would/have/hasHe has gone to Beijing. He will leave for Beijing.4情态动词：can/could/ may/might…二．副词一般修饰动词/形容词/副词基本分类：1 时间副词now/ago/once/already…2 地点副词here/downstairs/back /outside/ off…3 方式副词carefully/fast/suddenly…4 程度副词almost/very/so/much/deeply…5 频度副词always/ usually/sometimes…三．句子成分：构成句子的各个部分。

A．主语- 可由以下表示：1．名词：American music has become more and more popular.2．代词：Who is the man standing over there?3．数词：One-third of the students are girls.4．不定式：To swim in the river is a great pleasure.= It is a great pleasure to swim in the river (It 是形式主语) 5．动名词：Smoking does harm to the health.6．从句：When we are going to have the test is clear.B. 谓语在句中一般由动词充当1.He practices running every morning.2.He has caught a cold.3.We may keep the book for two weeks.C. 表语一般位于系动词之后可由以下表示：1．代词：Is it yours/ It is mine.2．形容词：The weather has turned cold.3．分词：The teacher is pleased with my work.4．不定式：His job is to teach English.5．动名词：His hobby is playing football.D. 宾语一般位于Vt 或介词之后可由以下表示：1．名词：He is going to buy a dictionary.2．代词：We should learn from him.3．不定式：He decided not to see me.4．动名词：He practices running every morning.分类：分为直接宾语（动作的承受者，通常指物）和间接宾语（动作所向的人或物，通常指人）He sent me a present.=He sent a present to me. (me 间宾/ a present 直宾)He bought her a map= He bought a map for her.有些Vt 如：make/have/get/let/find/call/see/notice/hear/watch除了跟有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语来说明宾语的状态才能使句子完整。

语法全解析定语从句和名词性从句的区别定语从句和名词性从句是英语语法中的两个重要概念，它们都是句子中的从句，但在用法和功能上存在一些明显的区别。

本文将对定语从句和名词性从句进行全面解析，并详细讨论它们之间的区别。

一、定语从句介绍定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，用来进一步说明或限定其指代的名词或代词。

定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。

如：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。

它可以出现在句中的不同位置，对主句的名词或代词起一个修饰、限定的作用。

二、名词性从句介绍名词性从句是充当名词的从句，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语，并且具备名词的一切特征。

名词性从句通常由连接词引导，如that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which等。

名词性从句能够完成与名词或代词相同的功能，是表达复杂意思时的必备工具。

三、定语从句与名词性从句的区别1.功能区别：定语从句是对句子中的名词或代词进行修饰、限定，起到形容词的作用。

而名词性从句则是在句子中充当名词的角色，可以作为主语、宾语等。

例子：定语从句：The car that she bought is very expensive.（修饰名词car）名词性从句：What she bought is a car.（作为主语）2.引导词区别：定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，而名词性从句则由连接词引导。

例子：定语从句：This is the book that I want to read.（关系代词that）名词性从句：I don't know what I should do.（连接词what）3.位置区别：定语从句可以出现在主句的前面、中间或后面，而名词性从句通常出现在主句的后面。

例子：定语从句：I have a friend who is a doctor.（定语从句在主句之后）名词性从句：I don't know where he lives.（名词性从句在主句之后）4.意义区别：定语从句给主句的名词或代词限定范围，强调特定的事物或人。

高中英语语法专攻-《名词性从句》【考点1-引导词】【考点2-主语从句】①定义：主语从句是指在复合句中充当主语的句子，它是名词的拓展，属于主语的第三个表达层次。

所以，主语从句和名词一样通常是出现在谓语动词的前面。

②主语从句的引导词：从属连词：that、whether、if（不可位于句首）连接代词：what, whatever/who, whoever/whom, whomever/whose,whosever/which,whichever连接副词：when, whenever/where,wherever/how, however/whythat引导主语从句（that无含义，在句中不作成分，不可省略）That youth is wholly experimental is known to us all。

众所周知，青春就是探索的岁月。

That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.她读完了一部全英文小说让我们惊讶That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你赢得奖牌似乎是不可能的。

That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。

That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。

That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。

Whether引导主语从句（whether有含义“是否”，在句中不作成分，不可省）Whether she will come to the party makes no difference.她来不来参加聚会都没有关系。

It makes no difference whether/if she will come to the party.W hether he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.他来或不来都不怎么重要It doesn’t matter too much whether he is coming or not.Who,whom, what, which,whose（连接代词）引导主语从句（连接代词有含义，在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分）Who will be the leader of the team has not been decided yet.谁会成为这个队的领头人还没定下来。

定语从句知识点总结定语从句是英语中用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，起到形容词的作用。

以下是定语从句的知识点总结：1. 定语从句的构成：定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，它们在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或状语。

2. 关系代词：关系代词包括who, whom, whose, which, that，它们用来指代先行词，并在从句中担任相应的语法角色。

- who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语。

- whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语。

- whose：表示所有格，指代人或物。

- which：指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语。

- that：既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语。

3. 关系副词：关系副词包括where, when, why，它们在从句中作状语，分别表示地点、时间、原因。

4. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，不可省略；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，可以省略。

5. 先行词：先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，它在句子中的位置通常在定语从句之前。

6. 定语从句的位置：定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，但如果先行词是句子的主语，定语从句可以放在主句的末尾。

7. 定语从句的时态：定语从句的时态通常与主句的时态保持一致，但也可以根据不同的语境进行调整。

8. 定语从句的省略：在某些情况下，定语从句中的某些成分可以省略，尤其是当关系代词在从句中作宾语时。

9. 定语从句的分隔：有时，为了强调或避免混淆，定语从句可以被分隔开来，即先行词和定语从句之间插入其他成分。

10. 定语从句的复杂结构：在复杂句中，定语从句可以嵌套使用，即一个定语从句内部还可以包含另一个定语从句。

掌握定语从句的这些知识点，可以帮助我们更准确地理解和使用英语中的定语从句，从而提高英语表达的准确性和丰富性。

英语定语从句考点重点归纳总结定语从句是英语中非常重要的语法结构之一，它可以用来修饰名词或代词，增强句子的表达能力。

在英语学习中，掌握定语从句的使用方法和特点是非常重要的。

本文将对英语定语从句的考点进行重点归纳总结。

一、定语从句的引导词：1. 关系代词在定语从句中，我们通常使用关系代词来引导定语从句，包括：that, which, who, whom, whose。

它们在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

2. 关系副词除了关系代词，有时也会使用关系副词来引导定语从句，包括：where, when, why。

它们在从句中表示地点、时间和原因。

二、关系代词的使用：1. that在定语从句中，that 可以引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

一般来说，that 引导的定语从句可以修饰人和物。

2. whichwhich 引导的定语从句可以修饰物，常用于非限定性定语从句中，表示补充说明。

3. who/whomwho 引导的定语从句用于修饰人，并且在从句中充当主语。

如果在从句中充当宾语，则需要用 whom。

4. whosewhose 引导的定语从句用于修饰人和物，表示所属关系。

三、关系副词的使用：1. wherewhere 引导的定语从句用于修饰地点，表示具体的位置。

2. whenwhen 引导的定语从句用于修饰时间，表示具体的时间点或时间段。

3. whywhy 引导的定语从句用于修饰原因，表示具体的原因或理由。

四、定语从句的省略：在定语从句中，如果主语或宾语和主句的主语或宾语一致，或者关系代词在从句中作宾语，都可以将关系代词省略。

五、定语从句的位置：定语从句可以位于先行词之后或之前，如果位于先行词之后，则先行词和定语从句之间需要有逗号分隔。

六、关系代词和关系副词的区别：关系代词在从句中担任成分，而关系副词只起连接作用。

例如：The house where I live is very beautiful.（关系副词 where 连接整个从句）七、定语从句的用法：1. 修饰人或物定语从句可以用来修饰人或物，对关系从句中的名词进行补充说明。

九年级定语从句知识点笔记定语从句是英语中一个非常重要的语法现象，它为我们表达更加精确、准确的信息提供了便利。

熟练掌握定语从句的用法不仅可以提高我们的语言表达能力，也可以帮助我们更好地理解他人的表达。

在这篇文章中，我们将一起来回顾和总结九年级定语从句的知识点。

一、定语从句的概念和构成定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，从句在句中作定语。

它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词有where, when, why。

关系代词that一般用来修饰人或物，可以指代主语或宾语。

例：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。

关系代词which用来修饰物，可以指代主语或宾语。

例：The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my friend.那辆停在外面的车是我朋友的。

关系代词who和whom用来修饰人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中做宾语。

例：The girl who is standing there is my sister.那个站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。

The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.我们昨天见到的那位老师非常和善。

关系代词whose用来修饰人或物，表示所属关系。

例：The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.那个车被偷的人向警察报了案。

关系副词where用来修饰地点，在从句中作状语。

例：I still remember the city where I was born.我依然记得我出生的那个城市。

关系副词when用来修饰时间，在从句中作状语。