四六级必考虚拟语气

英语四六级虚拟语气讲解（语法及例题）第二部分主语从句中的虚拟语气一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。

其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should) 常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的)，compulsory(必须的)，crucial(紧急的)，desirable(理想的)，essential(必要的)，imperative(迫切的)，incredible(惊人的)，necessary(必要的)，possible(可能的)，strange(奇怪的)，urgent(紧迫的)。

常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should +take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。

英语作文常用句式一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. == Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8: It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）9. Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

英语四级考试中的虚拟语气英语四级考试中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法是一个常见的考点，我们着重讲一下宾语从句常使用虚拟语气的几类特殊动词，以及这些动词的用法、构成虚拟语气的用法等。

下面是店铺为大家带来的英语四级考试中的虚拟语气，欢迎阅读。

一、何谓虚拟?在英语中，语气(mood)和时态，语态一样，都是谓语动词的一种形式。

表明说话的目的和意图，虚拟语气即表示说话人主观愿望或纯假设情况，动词需用特殊形式。

例如If I were a boy。

其中谓语动词用were，而不是am, shall, was, have等，是因为说话人为女士，而“我是男人”仅是其假设的语气，故用了一个在现实情况中绝不可能用到的were来表达这一虚拟的情况。

通过在I的后面加were这一词，能得知这是虚拟假设出来的情况。

常见的虚拟有两种：1. 表示非真实假设情况：If If I had left sooner, I could have caught the train。

如果早点出发，我就能赶上火车了。

(但我事实上已经错过了，对过去的假设虚拟)He talks so loud as if I were deaf。

他说话声太响，就像我聋了一样。

(但事实我没聋，对现在的假设虚拟)这种情况虚拟时，只需将谓语动词变本身的时态再变过去。

第一句话中的虚拟，本身为过去时，因此再变过去，即过去完成时。

left变为had left, could catch变为could have caught。

第二句话中，as if I am deaf，需要对现在假设，因此变为as if I were a deaf。

(不用I was deaf，避免与真实情况过去式混淆)类似表示非真实情况的`词还有wish希望， suppose假设， would rather宁愿， but for要不是等。

2. 表示建议、命令、要求等主观意愿：He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up。

一、虚拟语气虚拟语气在考试中比较常见。

尤其是在听力中经常出现。

它主要是表达一种“假设”或者“推测”，而不是客观显示中的真实事件。

因为主要通过动词的变化来反应不同的情况，所以如果不熟悉虚拟语气的基本表示方法，会直接影响听力。

同时翻译中也经常使用。

如果想得高分，要学好这个语法点，争取在翻译部分多拿点分：基本规则：与现在事实相反：If I were you , I would apply for the job.与过去事实相反：If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such mistake.与将来事实相反：If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.真题翻译示例：例1：They requested that _______(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.1. 动词request引导的从句应用虚拟语气2. 虚拟语气的表达方式：should+动词原形，此题则为：should return3. 按句意顺序译，得出答案：I should return the book to library例2：The victim ________(本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.1. 一看句意有“本来”，十之八九为虚拟语气2. 二看时态推后了，本该过去时，却用过去完成时，因此一定考虚拟3.按句意译为：would have a chance to survive哪些动词及其与他们相关的名词，从句需虚拟语气？一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一个wish实战练习：1. It is strange that he _________ so.A. would sayB. would speakC. should sayD. will speak2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _________ there.A. not wentB. won’t goC. not goD. not to go3. I wish that I _________ with you last night.A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone4. If you had told me in advance, I _________ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have metD. would have meet5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _________ me how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would teach6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _________ the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading7. You are late. If you _________ a few minutes earlier, you _________ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meetD. had come; would meet8. If she could sew, _________.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat9. If I _________ you, I _________ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay10. Had I known her name, _________A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.答案及解析：1. C2. C3. D4. C5. D6. B7.B8. B9.D 10. D1. It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

虚拟语气一．一般虚拟条件句(1) 与现在事实相反——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +…主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋…(2) 与过去事实相反——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him.——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时…(3) 与将来事实相反——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs.——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋…主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。

练习：1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document.A.wereB.had beenC.will beD.would be(D)2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.A.wereB.would have beenC.would beD.had been(B)3.W hat would you do if war _________ out.A.breaksB.could breakC.had broken outD. were to break(D)二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。

四、六级备战专项练习--虚拟语气1.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水或者空气，地球上就不会有生物。

2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

4.If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

5.Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

6.We didn’t kn ow his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话了。

7.Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。

8.He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 他随身带着雨衣以防下雨。

9.He put his coat to cover the cat for fear that it should catch cold.他把衣服披在小猫的身上，以防感冒。

2020年9月大学生英语四六级必备资料——考试七种重点语法2020年9月大学生英语46级必备资料——考试7种重点语法1.英语46级考试中虚拟语气。

强调说话人的主观欲望和假想情况。

考生应侧重温习能引发虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest,incase,otherwise 等);1部份表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观欲望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句常常采取should+动词原形;虚拟倒装句;在wouldrather,wish,asif,itstimethat等句型中使用适当情势表达主观欲望;混合虚拟句。

2.英语46级考试中主谓1致。

这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数情势。

1部份具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采取复数情势，如people,poultry,militia等;用and连接的成份表单1概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如aswellas,besides,inadditionto等)时，谓语动词的数同第1个主语保持1致。

3.英语46级考试中倒装结构。

表示强调或突出，分为全部倒装和部份倒装。

那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引发倒装句，部份倒装和全部倒装有和区分，as 在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。

4.非谓语动词。

这是辞汇与结构考试中语法部份的重中之重，解题时可以从3个方面入手：①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的1致关系，肯定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后斟酌采取现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作产生的前后关系。

动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时产生或不分前后产生的用现在现在分词1般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前产生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;产生在主句谓语动词以后的多用不定式1般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。

5.英语46级考试中独立主格题。

四六级语法题常考重点语法在英语学习中占据重要的地位，而在四六级考试中，语法题是非常常见且重要的部分。

掌握语法的常考重点，可以帮助我们提高答题准确性和效率。

本文将介绍四六级语法题的常考重点，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

一、时态1. 一般现在时：表达习惯性、经常性动作，真理、法则等。

例：He often goes to the gym.2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。

例：They are studying in the library.3. 一般过去时：表示过去的动作或状态。

例：She visited her grandparents last weekend.4. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。

例：I was watching TV when you called.5. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或仍然持续的动作。

例：We have lived here for five years.6. 过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间点或动作之前完成的动作。

例：By the time I arrived, they had already left.二、语态1. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，谓语动词用过去分词形式。

例：The book was written by him.2. 完成被动语态：表示动作的完成和被动。

例：The work will have been finished by tomorrow.三、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句：- 对现在情况的虚拟：If + 动词过去式，主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形。

例：If I were you, I would buy that car.- 对过去情况的虚拟：If + 过去完成时，主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词。

例：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.2. 虚拟语气的动词：- 建议：suggest, propose, recommend- 要求：insist, demand, require- 命令：order, command, instruct- 希望：hope, wish, prefer例：I suggest that he buy a new phone.四、介词用法1. 表示时间：at, in, on- at：具体时间点- in：一段时间、月份、季节、年代- on：具体日期、星期几例：I will meet you at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning.2. 表示地点：at, in, on- at：小范围地点- in：大范围地点、城市、国家- on：街道、门牌号、具体位置例：She lives at/in/on 123 Main Street.五、连接词1. 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet例：I like apples and oranges.2. 从属连词：although, because, when, while, since, if, unless例：I will come tomorrow if I have time.六、关系代词1. who：指人，充当主语或宾语例：The girl who is sitting there is my friend.2. whom：指人，充当宾语例：I met a girl whom I used to know.3. which：指物，充当主语或宾语例：The book which is on the table belongs to me.七、比较级和最高级1. 比较级：形容词比较、副词比较、as...as例：She is taller than her sister.2. 最高级：形容词最高级、副词最高级、the + 序数词例：She is the tallest girl in the class.八、数量词1. much/many：修饰不可数名词/可数名词复数例：There is much water in the bottle.2. little/few：修饰不可数名词/可数名词复数例：He has little money left.九、倒装句1. 完全倒装：表示地点或方向的副词置于句首，谓语动词置于主语之前。

Subjunctive Mood1. 语气Mood语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。

包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。

陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

① Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

② Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。

此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或could have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能- - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做- - -shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -你本不应该告诉她真相。

You shouldn’t have told her the truth .needn’t have done 本不必做- - -比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做- - -我没必要擦窗户。

英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气1.if 引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式Were I you(=if I were you),I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…),you could have caught the train.Should it rain(=If it should rain),the crops would be saved.It is time that ...Would rather that.....(1)I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2)John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(3)I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past.“It is(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气1.It is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.2.It was necessary that we(should) make everything ready ahead of time.3.It is required that nobody(should) smoke here.4.It is important that every pupil(should) be able to understand the rule of school.练习1.He’ll be busy this afternoon.If he ___ free,he ___ to the cinema with you.A.were to be; might goB.am going to be; will goC.will be; might have goneD.is; will go2.When Edison died,it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes,streets,and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.A.turn offB.turned offC.would turn offD.had turned off3.Had I known her name,_____.A.or does she know mine?B.and where does she live?C.I would have invited her to lunchD.she would be beautiful4.I’d rather you ______ by train,because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A.would goB.should goC.wentD.had gone5.The victim ________(原来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive(06.12翻译)6.The professor required that ________(我们交讨论报告)。

一、虚拟语气If1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用真实条件句If the winter is gone, I will be waiting for you on snow.If the world is gone, I will be waiting for you in the heaven.If you are gone, I will be missing you in tears.If I am gone, I will be finding a person to takecare of you.[例]The platform would collapse if allof you on it.A.standB.stoodC.would standD.had stood[例]If you had taken my advice,you such a big mistake.A.couldn’t have madeB.couldn’t makeC.didn’t makeD.hadn’t made[例] your help,we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.A.Had it notB.Had it not hadC.If it were notD.If we had not had [例]Had Alice been more hardworking,she .If Alice had been more…A.had not failedB.would not have failedC.would not failD.could not be failed2特殊虚拟——虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用是一个常测项目：常测的有without but forotherwise 等，此类测试题通常选择would(或should could might)+have done.e.g.The traffic was very busy.otherwise I here 50miuntes sooner.A.would beB.should beC.had beenD.would have been3.虚拟语气在以下从句中的应用也是一个常测项目。