铁路专业英文词汇

铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway raｉlｒoａd ﻫ铁路线ｒailway line; ｒaiｌroad liｎｅﻫ铁路网 railway netｗｏｒk; ｒａｉlroaｄ neｔｗorｋ铁道科学ｒaｉｌｗaｙｓcience铁路技术 railｗaｙ tｅchnology铁路等级rａｉlway clａssifiｃaｔiｏn ﻫ国有铁路 nａｔioｎal ｒaiｌway； staｔe rａilway ﻫ地方铁路 locaｌ railwaｙ; regionａｌrail ｗaｙ私有铁路 privaｔe raiｌwａy合资铁路ｊoint inｖesｔｍｅnt raiｌwaｙ; joinｔlｙｏwnｅd raiｌwａy ﻫ标准轨铁路 sｔanｄａｒd-ｇage rａｉｌway ﻫ窄轨铁路 naｒro ｗ-gａgｅ raｉlway米轨铁路meter-ｇage railwａｙ宽轨铁路 broad-gａｇe railway单线铁路 siｎgle ｔracｋ railwaｙﻫ双线铁路 double ｔrａck rａｉlway ﻫ多线铁路 muｌtiple track railｗａy ﻫ重载铁路 heａvｙ ha ｕl railway高速铁路 hiｇh speed raｉlｗay电气化铁路；电力铁路 electｒifｉed ｒailway; elecｔrｉc railｗay干线铁路 mａin liｎｅ railway； trunｋｒａiｌway市郊铁路 sｕｂuｒban raｉlwａｙ地下铁道;地铁ｓuｂwａy；ｍeｔｒo; uｎderground raｉlwaｙ工业企业铁路 inｄustrｙ railwａｙﻫ矿山铁路mｉｎe railwａy ﻫ轻轨铁路 liｇhｔrａilwa ｙ； lighｔ rａｉl高架铁路 eｌevａteｄ railｗay ﻫ单轨铁路;独轨铁路 moｎｏrａil；monoｒail raｉlｗay 磁浮铁路ｍagneｔic lｅｖiｔaｔiｏn rａilway; mａglev森林铁路foｒeｓｔ raｉlwaｙ山区铁路 mouｎtａin railwaｙ既有铁路exｉｓtｉｎｇｒaiｌｗaｙ新建铁路ｎewly－bｕｉlt ｒaｉlｗaｙ改建铁路 reｃｏnｓtruｃｔｅｄrailwaｙﻫ运营铁路ｒaiｌｗay in opｅratiｏn; ｏpeｒａｔion； oｐeｒating raiｌway专用铁路 spｅｃial pｕrｐｏse rａilway干线 trunk lｉne； maｉn lｉne ﻫ支线 bｒaｎｃh linｅﻫ铁路专用线 railwａy spｅｃiａl li ｎｅ货运专线raｉlｗay liｎe ｆｏr freiｇht ｔrａffiｃ; fｒeｉｇht speｃiaｌ line; ｆｒeight trａffｉｃ only lｉne客运专线raiｌway line for paｓsenger ｔraｆｆｉｃ；ｐassenｇer speｃｉal line; passenger traffic onｌy lｉne ﻫ客货运混合铁路ｒailwａｙ line for miｘed pａsｓｅnger and ｆreｉｇｈt ｔｒaｆfｉc铁路运营长度;运营里程ｏｐeration lenｇth o ｆ raiｌway; oｐeｒating disｔaｎce；ｒev ｅｎｕｅ lengｔh列车运行图ｔｒain diａgraｍ铁路建筑长度ｃonsｔｒuｃtioｎ lenｇｔh of railｗay ﻫ区间 sｅｃtｉon区段diｓtｒict ﻫ轨距 rａil gage; rail ｇauge ﻫ轮重 wheel load轴重axlｅload ﻫ最大轴重maximuｍａllowable ａｘｌe load ﻫ限制轴重ａxle load limited ﻫ限界 cleａｒance; ｇauge限界图 clｅarance diａgram铁路建筑限界raｉlway cｏnｓｔrｕctｉon ｃlearanｃe; stｒｕｃtuｒe cｌearａnｃe ｆo ｒｒailｗaｙ; rａiｌwａｙ struｃtiｏｎgauｇeﻫ基本建筑限界 fuｎdａｍentaｌ coｎsｔｒuｃtiｏｎcｌearaｎｃe; fundamentａl struｃture gaｕge ﻫ桥梁建筑限界 brｉdｇｅconstｒuctioｎｃlｅａrance; ｂrｉdge s ｔｒuctｕｒe gaugｅﻫ隧道建筑界限 tuｎｎel conｓtructｉon clearａnce; tuｎｎel sｔｒｕcture gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stocｋclearａnce for railwａy; vehiｃle gaｕgｅﻫ机车车辆上部限界ｃlearance lｉmiｔｆｏr ｕｐｐer paｒt ｏf ｒolling stock ﻫ机车车辆下部限界 cｌeaｒａnce liｍｉｔ fｏr lowｅr pａｒｔ of rolｌing ｓtoｃｋ装载限界ｌoaｄｉng clearancｅｌimit; loa ｄing gaｕge ﻫ阔大货物限界clearance liｍｉt for ｆrｅight wｉｔｈ exceｐｔional dim ｅnｓion；ｃｌｅａｒance lｉmit for overs ｉze modiｔies接触网限界 cleaｒance limit for oveｒheａd ｃｏntｒact wire; cleａrancｅ limit ｆor ovｅｒhｅad caｔeｎary ｓysｔｅm； overｈead ｃatｅnarｙｓystem gaｕｇe列车与线路相互作用ｔrａｃk-ｔrain iｎteractiｏn ﻫ轮轨关系wheｅｌ－rａiｌ rｅla ｔｉon; wｈeeｌ-rａil ｉnｔｅractiｏn粘着系数ａｄhesｉon coeffiｃieｎt车轮滑行 wheｅl sliｄing; wheel skid车轮空转 wｈeel slipｐing牵引种类ｋｉnｄs of trａcｔｉｏn；ｃａteg ｏry ｏf tractioｎ牵引方式 mode of traｃtion牵引定数tｏnnage rａting; ｔｏnｎage of ｔraｃtion ﻫ装载系数 lｏading coeffiｃient ﻫ速度 sｐeｅｄ持续速度 continuouｓ speｅｄ限制速度 lｉmiteｄ speed；ｓpeed restric ｔｉoｎﻫ均衡速度balancｉng speeｄ构造速度conｓtruction sｐeed; dｅsign ｓpeｅd ﻫ最高速度 mａxiｍum ｓpeed临界速度 cｒiｔｉcａｌｓpeed ﻫ重载列车ｈｅavy haul tｒain高速列车 higｈ sｐｅeｄ trａiｎﻫ超长超重列车 eｘcepｔiｏｎaｌly ｌong aｎｄ hｅavy ｔｒain列车正面冲突ｔrａiｎ coｌliｓion列车尾追ｔraｉｎｔaｉｌcｏｌlｉsｉｏn ﻫ列车尾部防护 tｒaｉｎ rear ｅnd protｅｃtion ﻫ伸缩运动ｆoｒｅａｎd ａft motion ﻫ蛇行运动ｈuｎtiｎｇ; nosinｇ列车压缩 trａin ｒunninｇ iｎﻫ列车拉伸 tr ａin rｕnning ouｔﻫ列车分离tｒaiｎseparａtioｎﻫ列车颠覆ｔｒaｉn ovｅrturni ｎg ﻫ列车动力学 trａｉｎ dynamｉcｓﻫ列车空气动力学tｒain aｅrodynａmics机车车辆振动 vｉｂration of ｒolling stoｃk ﻫ纵向振动 lｏnｇituｄinａｌ vibration ﻫ横向振动 lateral ｖiｂrａtｉｏn ﻫ垂向振动ｖertiｃａl vibration ﻫ摆滚振动 rｏck－roll vｉｂration浮沉振动 bouncing; ｖibratioｎ测滚振动 rolｌing ; vibｒation测摆振动ｓwayｉnｇ; vibrａtioｎ点头振动 pｉtching; noｄｄing ﻫ摇头振动ｙawｉng; ｈunｔing机车车辆共振 resoｎancｅ of rollｉng ｓtock 机车车辆冲击 impaｃt ｏf rolling ﻫ纵向冲击ｌongiｔuｄiｎal impact横向冲击 lａteral imｐact垂向冲击 veｒtｉｃal iｍｐaｃt ﻫ货运站综合作业自动化 aｕtomation of synthetic oｐｅraｔiｏｎｓ aｔ fｒｅｉgｈｔｓｔａｔion行车指挥自动化 autｏｍaｔｉｏn of trａffiｃｃｏntrol ﻫ编组场综合作业自动化ａutomatｉoｎ of synthetic ｏpeｒatｉons iｎ marsｈalling yaｒd铁路运营信息系统 raｉlway ｏpｅraｔｉon i ｎfoｒmａｔion systeｍﻫ铁路数据交换系统raiｌｗay data exｃhａngｅｓysｔem运营系统模拟simulation of ｏpeｒaｔiｏn systeｍ铁路法railway law铁道法规ｒailway aｃt ﻫ铁路条例 railｗay ｃｏde铁路技术管理规程reｇulatｉons ｏｆｒailway tｅchniｃal ｏperatioｎ综合运输 prehenｓive ｔrａｎsport; multｉ-ｍode ｔranｓpｏrｔ； interｍode trａnｓpo ｒt ﻫ国际铁路联运intｅrnａtiｏｎaｌrailway thrｏugh ｔrafｆｉc大陆桥;洲际铁路ｔraｎscｏnｔｉnental raiｌway; ｉnｔercontinental rａilway； land-rａilｗaｙ国际联运协定 agreeｍent of internａtioｎal ｔhｒoｕgｈｔraffic ﻫ国际联运议定书prｏtocol oｆｉnternatｉonal thｒｏuｇh traffic ﻫ国际铁路联运公约 conｖenｔion of interｎational railwaｙ tｈrｏuｇh traｆfic二、铁路新线建设nｅｗly-built rａilway ｃoｎstrｕctioｎ铁路技术改造ｔecｈnical ｒefoｒm of ｒaiｌway; tｅｃhnical rｅｎovatiｏn of ｒaiｌway；ｂetterment and impｒovemeｎt of ra ｉlway ﻫ铁路主要技术条件 main tｅcｈnical stanｄard of railway; main tｅｃhincａl requｉｒｅmeｎｔ oｆ railway单位工程 uniｔprojecｔﻫ分部工程 part ｐｒoject ﻫ分项工程itｅｍ projeｃｔ预可行性研究 pre-fｅａsｉｂiliｔy stｕｄy 项目建议书proposｅd taｓk of prｏｊect 可行性研究 feasibｉlity ｓtudy ﻫ设计阶段design phase； desｉgｎ sｔage ﻫ三阶段设计ｔｈrｅe-stｅp ｄesiｇn; thｒｅe-phase deｓｉgn ﻫ两阶段设计twｏ-step desｉgｎ; twｏ-phasｅdesignﻫ一阶段设计onｅ－steｐdesigｎ; ｏｎｅ-phaｓｅ desｉｇｎ初步设计 prelｉmｉnaｒy desｉｇn ﻫ技术设计 t ｅcｈnicaｌｄesiｇn ﻫ扩大初步设计ｅnlarged prｅliminary desiｇn; expandｅd ｐreｌiｍｉnary designﻫ施工图设计construction ｄetail desｉｇn； woｒkiｎg-drawｉng ｄesign变更设计 altｅred desｉgn设计概算 appoｒximａｔe estimate of dｅs ｉgn; ｂudｇeｔary eｓtimate ｏf desigｎﻫ个别概算ｉndivｉduaｌａpprｏｘimate eｓt ｉmａtｅ综合概算 prehｅnsive appｒoｘｉmaｔｅ esｔi ｍate ﻫ总概算sｕm ｏｆ aｐproximate ｅsti ｍate; total estｉｍatｅ；sｕｍmａry ｅstimate修正总概算ａmｅｎdｅd sum oｆ approximate estimate; revised general eｓtimａtｅﻫ调整总概算 adｊusｔed sum of aｐproｘimatｅ eｓtiｍate ﻫ投资检算ｃheｃｋｉnｇｏf ｉnv ｅstmｅnｔﻫ预算定额 raｔing oｆｂudｇet；raｔinｇ forｍfor budｇeｔﻫ概算定额ｒaｔiｎg of apｐrｏxｉmaｔe estｉmatｅ； ra ｔiｎg forｍ for eｓtiｍaｔe投资估算 invesｔmeｎｔestimate ﻫ估算指标indｅx ｏf eｓｔimate机械台班定额 ratｉng per macｈinｅ per team; ratｉng ｐｅr ｍachine-ｔeam工程直接费 dｉｒｅcｔ expense of pｒoject; direｃｔｃｏsｔｏf proｊect ﻫ工程间接费iｎdiｒｅｃt exｐｅｎse of pｒoｊeｃt; ｉndirect cost oｆpｒojecｔﻫ工程预备费reservｅ fund of project ﻫ设计鉴定 cｅrｔifi ｃａｔiｏn of deｓign; ａppraｉsal of desig ｎ竣工决算final ａccouｎts of pleted ｐrｏjecｔﻫ铁路用地 rｉgｈt-of－waｙﻫ铁路勘测rａilwaｙ recoｎｎaisｓance ﻫ调查测绘 sｕrvｅy and draｗing of invｅstｉgaｔiｏn；invｅsｔigａtion survey; iｎｖｅsｔigation sｕrｖeyｉｎｇａｎd sｋetchingﻫ地形调查 t ｏpogｒａphic sｕｒvｅy ﻫ地貌调查 topograp ｈiｃ feａture survｅy; geｏmｏrphologic s ｕrvｅy地质调查 geolｏｇiｃsuｒvey经济调查 ecoｎomiｃ iｎvesｔｉgａtiｏn; econｏmic ｓuｒveｙ水文地质调查ｈydｒogeｏlogic ｓｕrｖeｙﻫ土石成分调查 sｕrｖeｙ oｆ sｏil and roｃk posiｔｉon土石物理力学性质 phyｓiｃal aｎd mｅchaｎｉｃaｌｐropertｉes of soil and rock土石分类ｃlaｓsｉfｉcatｉoｎｏf sｏil a ｎｄｒｏck地基承载力ｂｅaｒｉng ｃapaｃiｔy of founｄation；ｂeaｒiｎｇ capａcity of grｏund；beａｒinｇ of ｓuｂgｒade隧道围岩分级 clasｓiｆicatioｎｏf tunneｌsurroundinｇ rock ﻫ地质图测绘 suｒvey ａｎd ｄrａｗing ｏf gｅolｏgicａl ｍap; ｓuｒveyinｇ and sｋetchinｇｏf ｇeologiｃａl map勘探eｘploration;prospecting ﻫ挖探excavatｉon prospｅｃting钻探bｏring; exｐlｏratiｏn ｄｒilling物探 geｏphysicaｌ proｓpeｃting ﻫ室内测试iｎdｏor teｓt; ｌaboraｔory ｔｅsｔ原位测试 iｎ sitｕtest ﻫ静力触探static souｎｄiｎｇ； static probing; cone penｅｔratｉoｎ teｓｔ动力触探试验dｙnamｉc ｐenｅtrａtion test标准贯入试验 staｎｄａrd penｅtrａtｉon te ｓt ﻫ区域地质regiｏｎal ｇeｏｌogy工程地质 engiｎeｅrｉnｇgｅoloｇｙﻫ不良地质 unfavｏrabｌe geology特殊地质 sｐecial geology ﻫ工程地质条件ｅnｇineerｉnｇｇｅologｉc; ｒequiｒemen ｔ；enginｅeｒing geoloｇiｃｃondｉtｉon ﻫ气象资料 mｅteｏrolｏgical ｄatａ冻结深度ｆreezing ｄｅpth地震基本烈度 bａsic iｎtｅnｓiｔy of eａrt ｈquａｋｅ；ｓeismic basic intensitｙ工程地质图 engineｅrｉng ｇeoｌｏgicａｌmap ﻫ地层柱状图 column diaｇrａm oｆ strat ｕm; graphｉc lｏｇs ｏf stｒatａ；ｄrｉll ｌog of strａｔum ﻫ洪水调查ｆlooｄsu ｒvｅy河道调查 rｉvｅr course survey冰凌调查 iｃe flｏe surｖey； fraｚｉl iｃｅ suｒveｙ汇水区流域特征调查ｓuｒvｅｙ of cａｔchment bａsｉn chａraｃｔerｉstics水文断面hydrologic ｓeｃtｉonal ｄｒａwing；ｄydrｏlｏgic section; hyｄrｏlogｉc cross-ｓeｃｔion ﻫ主河槽ｍａiｎriver channel ﻫ设计流速ｄｅsｉgn current velocity ﻫ设计高程；设计标高 design elevatiｏn ﻫ河流比降ｓlopｅｏf rｉvｅr; parａｂle horiz ｏn oｆriｖer历史洪水位 histｏric flｏoｄleｖel ﻫ最高水位hiｇheｓｔwateｒｌevel; ＨＷL ﻫ通航水位nａvigａtion wateｒ lｅvel; NWL桥涵水文 hydrology ｏf bｒidgｅ and ｃulvｅrt ﻫ水利半径hydrａｕlｉc rａdiuｓ桥前壅水高度 backwater height in ｆrｏnt of bｒｉdge; top ｗatｅr leｖｅｌｉｎｆrｏnt of bｒidge ﻫ桥渡勘测设计 surｖeｙ aｎd design ｏf bridge crosｓing水面坡度 slopｅ oｆｗａter suｒface水文测量ｈyｄrｏlogical surｖey ﻫ泥石流流域ｃatｃhment basin of ｄebriｓ fｌｏw分水岭waterｓhed; diｖｉdinｇ rｉdge汇水面积ｃaｔcｈment ａrea; water cｏllｅcting aｒｅa; draｉnage ａrｅa ﻫ洪水频率flooｄ frequency设计流量ｄeｓign ｄischaｒge设计水位dｅsiｇn wａteｒlevel ﻫ施工水位 cｏｎsｔrｕctiｏn leveｌ; constrｕctiｏｎｗater level; working wａtｅr level设计洪水过程线ｄesigned fｌｏod ｈydro ｇrａｐｈ容许冲刷allｏwable scour ﻫ一般冲刷gener ａｌ scour ﻫ局部冲刷 loｃal scｏur; ｐartial scｏur三、铁路测量 raｉlway surveｙﻫ线路踏勘;草测 routｅ reｃonnaissance ﻫ初测 prｅlimｉnaｒy surｖeｙ定测 locatioｎsurveｙ; ａlignｍent; fｉnal locatｉon survey导线测量 traｖｅrsｉng; ｔraversｅｓurｖey ﻫ光电导线 photoelectric traｖｅrｓe ﻫ地形测量 topograｐhical suｒvｅｙﻫ横断面测量cross leｖｅｌing; crosｓ-seｃtion ｓurｖey; cross-sｅｃtiｏn ｌｅvelinｇ线路测量 rouｔｅｓuｒvey; pｒo；ｌoｎgｉt ｕdinal survey ﻫ既有线测量;旧线测量 sｕrvey ｏf exiｓting raｉlway ﻫ线路复测 rｅpetiｔion sｕrｖey of eｘiｓｔｉng raiｌwａy; resurvey of exiｓtｉｎg railｗａｙ测量精度surｖey precision; prｅcｉsion ｏｆｓurveｙﻫ均方差；中误差 mean ｓquａｒe eｒｒｏr最大误差；极限误差ｍaｘimuｍ error; limｉtｉng ｅrror中线测量cｅｎｔeｒ line suｒvey ﻫ中线桩ｃentｅr lｉｎe ｓｔakｅﻫ加桩ａddiｔional ｓｔake; plus stａke外移桩 sｈifｔ out stａke； stakｅ oｕtward; oｆfｓeｔｓtａke水准点高程测量benｃh mark leveｌiｎg ﻫ中桩高程测量；中平 center staｋｅleｖｅlin ｇﻫ曲线控制点curve coｎtｒｏl pｏint 放线 setting-oｕｔｏf rouｔe; lay out ｏf rｏute交点interｓectioｎ point副交点 auxiｌiaｒy inｔersectｉｏｎ poinｔ转向角 deflｅcｔｉon angｌe ﻫ分转向角 aｕｘiliary ｄeflecｔｉon aｎgｌe坐标方位角 plaｎｅ－coorｄinate azｉmｕt ｈﻫ象限角 quａdrantal angle经纬距 plaｎe rectanｇｕlar coordinate断链 brｏkeｎ chaｉｎ投影断链ｐroｊectiｏｎ oｆ brokｅn chain ﻫ断高ｂroken ｈeight ﻫ铁路航空摄影测量;铁路航测 railｗay ａeriａl ｐhotｏgraｍmｅtry铁路航空勘测 rａilway aｅrial survｅying 航带设计 flｉgｈt ｓtriｐ dｅsiｇn; desiｇn of flｉght sｔｒｉｐ铁路工程地质遥感rｅmote sensing oｆ raｉｌwａy engineeriｎg geｏlｏgy测段 segment ｏf survey ﻫ航测选线ａeｒiａｌ surveｙｉng ａｌignmenｔ航测外控点 fｉeld coｎtrｏｌ point of aeｒｏｐhoｔoｇrammｅｔry全球定位系统ｇlobaｌ posiｔioniｎｇ syst ｅm; GPS像片索引图ｉｎdex of ｐhｏtoｇraｐhy ﻫ三角测量tｒigｏnometｒｉｃ survｅy; triａn ｇuｌatｉｏn精密导线测量prｅcisｅｔｒaversｅsuｒvey; accｕｒａｔe travｅrse ｓurvey三角高程测量ｔrigｏnoｍetric lｅvｅling ﻫ隧道洞外控制测量 ouｔsｉｄｅ tunｎｅｌ cｏｎｔrol survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tｕnnｅl controｌ surv ｅy; thrｏuｇh surｖｅy ﻫ隧道洞口投点hｏｒiｚontal poinｔ oｆ tunｎeｌ portaｌ；ｇeodetic contrｏｌ point of porｔａl lｏc ａｔion oｆ adiｔ桥轴线测量 survｅy of bridge axis铁路选线 raｉlｗａy locaｔion； approximat ｅ railwａy ｌｏcatiｏn；locatiｏn of railwaｙｒoute selectiｏn平原地区选线location ｉｎ plaiｎregion; plain locatｉoｎ越岭选线 lｏｃａtion of mountain liｎe； lo ｃatiｏn of linｅ iｎ mｏｕntａin ｒeｇi ｏn; lｏcation ovｅr moｕｎtain山区河谷选线 mountain aｎd valley ｒｅgioｎlｏcation; ｌoｃation of line oｆ in ｍoｕｎtａｉn and ｖaｌlｅy regiｏｎﻫ丘陵地段选线 hilｌy land ｌoｃatｉｏn; locaｔion ｏf line oｎ hiｌｌy ｌand工程地质选线ｅnginｅerinｇｇeｏligｉc loｃation of liｎｅ线间距dｉstａnce betwｅen centerｓof tracks; ｍiｄｗay bｅtween tracｋs车站分布 dｉｓtriｂution of stａtｉons ﻫ方案比选 schｅme paｒiｓon； roｕte aｌtｅrnativｅﻫ投资回收期 reｐａymｅnt pｅｒｉｏd of capital ｃosｔ纸上定线 papeｒｌocatioｎoｆ liｎe缓坡地段 section ｏf eaｓy graｄe; ｓectiｏn oｆｇentｌe ｓｌope ﻫ紧坡地段secｔion oｆ sufｆｉciｅnt ｇrａde ﻫ非紧坡地段sｅctiｏn oｆunsuｆｆiciｅnt gｒade; sectｉｏn fo ｉnsufｆｉcｉenｔ gｒａde ﻫ导向线leadｉng lｉne； alｉgnmenｔguidｉng ｌine 拔起高度;克服高度 hｅｉgｈt of lifｔing; li ｆting height; asｃｅｎt of elevaｔiｏn横断面选线 cross－sｅction method of raｉl ｗaｙ lｏcatiｏn； locatｉon wiｔh cｒoｓｓ-sectｉon ｍethod; ｃrosｓ-ｓectioｎ me ｔｈｏｄ fｏr locaｔion oｆlinｅ展线 eｘtｅnsion of liｎe; devｅｌopｍeｎt oｆｌine; line develoｐｍent展线系数coeffiｃiｅnt oｆ eｘteｎsiｏn liｎe; coｅffiｃient oｆ develｏpmｅｎt ｌine ﻫ套线 overlaｐpinｇｌiｎe线路平面图 tｒａｃk plan；liｎｅ pｌaｎ线路纵断面图 track pｒofｉｌe; liｎｅｐrofiｌｅ站坪长度 length ｏｆｓtation siｔe ﻫ站坪坡度ｇrａｄe of stａtion ｓite控制区间 contｒoｌ sｅctiｏn; conｔrｏllｉng sｅcｔｉoｎﻫ最小曲线半径minｉｍuｍradｉｕｓ of ｃｕrｖe圆曲线cｉrｃulaｒ curve单曲线simple cuｒveﻫ缓与曲线tｒａnsition curve; easeｍｅnt cｕrve； spirａｌ tranｓｉｔion cｕrve ﻫ缓与曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； raｔe of tｒａnsition curve ﻫ复曲线 poｕnd ｃurve同向曲线 cｕｒves of sａｍｅ sensｅ; ａdｊacｅnt curveｓｉn one direcｔion反向曲线ｒｅvｅｒse curvｅ; curve ｏf ｏppositｅｓensｅﻫ夹直线 intｅrmediate ｓｔraiｇhｔｌiｎe; tangｅｎｔ beｔween cｕｒｖes坡度 grａde; graｄｉent; slope人字坡doｕblｅspur grade限制坡度ｒuling grade; ｌimｉｔing gradｅﻫ加力牵引坡度ｐｕsｈｅr grade; assistiｎg gradｅ最大坡度 maximum grａｄe临界坡度 crｉtｉｃal grａｄe长大坡度ｌonｇｓtｅeｐｇraｄe; lｏng ｈｅavy gｒaｄe动力坡度moｍentuｍ gradｅ均衡坡度ｂａlanced ｇrade ﻫ有害地段ｈarmfuｌｄｉstriｃt无害地段ｈarｍlｅｓｓ distｒict ﻫ变坡点poinｔ of ｇｒａdient chａnge; breakｅin gradｅ坡段 gｒade sｅｃtioｎﻫ坡段长度 lｅngｔｈof ｇｒａdｅ section坡度差 alｇeｂrａｉc dｉfｆｅrｅncｅ bｅtｗeen ａdjacenｔ gｒａdients竖曲线 vｅrtiｃａｌｃurｖe分坡平段 levｅｌsｔretch bｅtｗｅen opｐｏsiｔe sign ｇraｄiｅnt ﻫ缓与坡度slight graｄe; fｌat grade; easy graｄｅﻫ起动缓坡ｆｌat grａｄient for ｓtaｒting ﻫ加速缓坡ｅａsy graｄieｎt foｒａcｃｅlｅratioｎ； acｃelｅratｉng ｇradｅ坡度折减pｅnsatｉon of gradiｅnt; gｒaｄｉent pensation; gｒadｅｐensａtioｎﻫ曲线折减pensａtion oｆｃurve; curve peｓａtion隧道坡度折减ｐensation ｏf gradient ｉn tunnｅl；ｐensａｔioｎ grａdｅ in tunnel 绕行地段deｔoｕring secｔion; round ｓeｃtｉon ﻫ换侧;换边chaｎge side ｏf ｄoｕbl ｅｌine ﻫ容许应力设计法 allowaｂlｅsｔｒeｓs dｅsigｎ meｔhｏｄ破损阶段设计法 pｌaｓｔic sｔage dｅsｉｇn methoｄﻫ极限状态设计法ｌｉmit ｓtate design method ﻫ概率极限状态设计法;可靠度设计法probａbilｉsａtｉc lｉｍit ｓｔate deｓign mｅthod地震系数法sｅiｓmiｃcｏefficｉeｎt methoｄ四、路基 subｇrade;rｏａd bed; foｒｍation sｕbｇraｄｅ岩石路基 rock subgrade ﻫ渗水土路基ｐermeａb ｌe ｓｏil subｇrａde; ｐervｉous embank ｍent ﻫ非渗水土路基ｎon-perｍeabｌe ｓｏil ｓｕbgrade; iｍpervious embａnkmｅnt特殊土路基ｓuｂｇｒade of sｐeciaｌsｏil 软土地区路基 subgrade iｎ sofｔsoｉｌ zｏｎｅ; subｇrade iｎｓoft; clay rｅｇion ﻫ泥沼地区路基ｓｕbgraｄｅ in bog ｚｏｎｅ；suｂgrade ｉｎｍoraｓs ｒegion; suｂgr ａｄe ｉn ｓwampｌａnｄ膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 suｂgｒａdｅin sweｌlinｇsoil zone; ｓｕbgraｄe in expansiｖe soｉl ｒeｇion盐渍土地区路基ｓubgｒaｄe in saｌty ｓoil zone; subｇｒadｅ in sａline soｉｌregiｏn多年冻土路基 subgｒade iｎｐｅｒｍaｆｒo ｓｔ soil ｚoｎe ﻫ特殊条件下得路基subgｒade ｕndeｒｓｐecial coｎdiｔｉon河滩路堤 emｂanｋment on plaｉn rｉvｅr bｅaｃh ﻫ滨河路堤 embａnkmeｎt on rivｅr baｎｋ水库路基ｓuｂgｒade in ｒeｓervoir; embａnkｍenｔｃrossinｇ reservoir ﻫ崩塌地段路基subgrade iｎｒock falｌdistｒiｃt; su ｂgｒaｄｅin collapse ｚｏne岩堆地段路基ｓubgｒａdｅ in rocｋ dｅpoｓit zone; suｂgradｅin talus zoｎe; sｕbgrａdｅiｎｓcｒｅe ｚonｅ滑坡地段路基ｓubｇｒaｄe in slidｅﻫ岩溶地段路基;喀斯特地段路基 suｂｇrａde in karst zｏne洞穴地段路基subｇrade in cavｉty ｚone；subgrａde in caｖｅｒn zoｎe风沙地段路基 subｇｒade iｎ winｄy and ｓa ｎdy zｏne； sｕbgrａdｅｉn desert雪害地段路基 subgrade iｎ sｎow ｄamage z ｏne; ｓｕｂgrade iｎsnow ｄiｓaｓter zone泥石流地段路基ｓubgrade in ｄebrｉs ｆlｏw zｏｎe ﻫ路基横断面 subgｒａde crosｓ-ｓection路基面 suｂgrade sｕrfacｅ; ｆoｒmaｔion 路基面宽度 widｔｈ oｆ thｅｓuｂgraｄe ｓｕrface; formatｉｏｎwｉdth ﻫ路拱roaｄ c ｒｏwn; subgｒaｄe crown路肩Ｒoad shoｕlｄer； sｕbgrａde shｏuld ｅr路肩高程 formation level; shouｌdeｒ leｖe ｌﻫ路堤ｅｍｂankmeｎt; fill ﻫ路堑 cuｔ; roaｄ; cｕttｉｎg半堤半堑 part－cｕt ａｎd ｐaｒt-fiｌl ｓectiｏn; cut and fｉll section ﻫ基床subgrade beｄ；formａtiｏn ﻫ基床表层ｓurfａｃｅｌayｅr of subgradｅ beｄ; fｏrm ａｔiｏｎtoｐｌaｙer; surｆace ｌaｙer ｏf ｓubｇrａde基床表层 boｔtom laｙer of subgrａdｅ; f ｏrmation base layｅr; boｔtom layeｒｏｆsubｇｒade beｄ一般路基ｇｅnｅｒal ｓｕbgｒade; oｒｄｉｎａｒy subgraｄe ﻫ最小填筑高度mｉnimuｍｆｉll heｉｇht of sｕｂgrade; miｎimuｍｈｅight of fill ﻫ临界高度 criticaｌｈeｉg ｈｔ基底 foundation ｂaｓe； base ﻫ路堤边坡s ｉｄe slｏpe ｏf eｍbanｋmenｔ; fill slｏpe talus ﻫ坡脚ｔｏe ｏf side slope护道berm ﻫ取土坑borｒow pit路堤填料 embankmeｎｔ filｌ material; ｅmbanｋment ｆｉｌler; fiｌｌｉｎg mａtｅri ａｌｏf embａｎｋmeｎｔﻫ填料分类 claｓｓiｆication of ｆｉlling ｍaterｉal ﻫ岩块填料 rock blocｋ filler; ｒｏck filler；rocｋ fiｌl ﻫ粗粒土填料 coaｒse-grａiｎeｄsｏil fiｌler； cｏarｓe-grained ｓｏiｌ fi ｌl细粒土填料 fｉne-ｇraineｄｓoｉl fｉller; fｉne-graiｎeｄ soｉl fiｌｌﻫ压实标准 pａｃting ｃriｔeria相对密度 relａtive ｄeｎsity ﻫ压实系数 pact ｉｎg factｏr; paｃｔｉnｇ coefficiｅnt ﻫ最佳含水量 optimum moｉｓｔuｒe cｏｎtent；bｅst mｏistuｒｅ coｎtent最佳密度optimｕm dｅｎsity;beｓt density核子密度湿度测定 deterｍｉnatioｎof ｎuclear deｎsity－mｏiｓture ﻫ路基承载板测定 determiｎatioｎ oｆbｅarinｇ sｌab oｆsubｇraｄe预留沉落量reseｒveｓｅttlemｅｎt; ｓettlement ａｌｌoｗａnce ﻫ反压护道 berm wit ｈｓupｅｒloａdｉng; bｅｒm for bａck ｐｒｅssure; cｏｕntｅr swelliｎg berｍﻫ石灰砂桩 lime ｓaｎｄpile ﻫ换土cｈangｅ sｏil； soｉl rｅplacement爆破排淤blａsｔing ｄｉsｃharginｇｓｅdimｅｎtatｉoｎ; silt aｒreｓtiｎｇｂｙexplosiｏｎ; disｃｈargｅｏf sediｍｅntat ｉｏn bｙｂlasting ﻫ抛石挤淤 throwinｇstones ｔo paｃkｉng sｅdiｍeｎtatiｏn; packing sｅdｉｍeｎtaｔｉｏn ｂy ｔhrｏｗiｎg ｓtoｎｅs; ｐacｋｉng up seｄimｅｎtatｉon ｂy dｕmpiｎg ｓtones路堑石方爆破 rｏck cuｔtinｇ blａstinｇ; r ｏck blaｓtinｇｉn cut ﻫ定向爆破directionａl blasting ﻫ浅孔爆破 shallow hoｌe bｌasting ﻫ深孔爆破 deep hoｌｅｂｌastiｎg洞室药包爆破 chａmｂeｒ eｘpｌosiｖｅｐa ｃｋａgｅｂlastinｇ; chamher ｂlastｉｎg 扬弃爆破abａｎdoned bｌasｔｉｎg; aｂandonment blaｓting ﻫ抛掷爆破piｎ-point blasting ﻫ松动爆破ｂlasting for loosening ｒｏcｋ药壶爆破pot hｏlｅ blaｓtｉng裸露腰包爆破 adobe bｌａstiｎg; cｏntact blastｉnｇ路堑边坡 cｕｔtiｎg slopｅ; sidｅ slope of c ｕｔﻫ堑顶 tｏp ｏf cuttiｎg sloｐe； top of cutting路堑平台 plaｔfｏｒm ｏf cｕtｔｉｎg; bｅrm in cutｔｉnｇ弃土堆 wａste bａnk; ｂanｋｅtte；ｓpoiｌbank ﻫ五、防护工程Ｐｒｏtｅction works挡土墙 retaｉnｉng ｗaｌl重力式挡土墙 graviｔy retａinｉnｇｗall 衡重式挡土墙 balance weighｔ rｅｔainｉng walｌ; ｇravｉｔy retａｉning wａll wiｔh relieｖing ｐlａｔforｍ; balａｎｃｅd ｔyp ｅretainｉng waｌｌﻫ锚定板挡土墙 anchｏｒed retａiniｎg wall bｙ tie rｏｄｓ; a ｎchored bulkhead rｅtａiniｎg ｗaｌｌ; ａnchored plate rｅｔａｉniｎｇ walｌﻫ加筋土挡土墙 reinforｃｅd earth ｒeｔaｉning wａl ｌ; reinｆoｒｃed sｏil retainiｎg ｗall 锚杆挡墙 ancｈoｒed bolｔｒetaiｎiｎｇwall; ａnchoragｅd ｒetａｉnｉnｇ wall by tiｅ rods管柱挡墙 cylindricaｌｓhaft reｔaining wａlｌ沉井挡墙 cａｉsson ｒｅｔaiｎing waｌl抗滑桩 anti-sliｄe pile; coｕnter－slｉdｉｎg pilｅﻫ护墙guard ｗall ﻫ护坡 slｏｐe protｅctiｏn; ｒeｖetｍent; pｉtching排水沟weep dｒaiｎ; drainaｇｅ dｉtch; ｄｒain ditch ﻫ边沟;侧沟side dｉtch ﻫ天沟gutter; oｖerhead dｉtch; ｉntercepｔｉｎg ditch吊沟 suｓpｅndeｄ ditch跌水 hｙdraulic ｄrop ﻫ截水沟 intercｅptin ｇ ditcｈ；ｃａtch－draｉn ﻫ急流槽chute 排水槽ｄrａinａge ｃhannel ﻫ渗水暗沟bl ｉnd ｄrａｉｎ渗水隧洞ｌeak tｕｎneｌ;permｅａble tunneｌ; ｄｒａｉnage tunnｅｌﻫ渗井leac ｈinｇ welｌ; sｅepａｇe weｌｌ渗管 leaky ｐｉpe平孔排水 hｏrizｏｎtal hｏle drainagｅ反滤层 rｅveｒse fｉltraｔion laｙer; inv ｅｒted fｉｌtｅr；ｐrotｅctiｖe fiｌtｅr 检查井 iｎspection wｅｌl； manhｏle砂井；排水砂井ｓand drain ﻫ隔断层 inｓｕl ａtｉng courｓe；insｕｌaｔing layer透水路堤ｐｅｒvioｕｓｅmbanｋｍent; permeaｂle eｍｂaｎkmeｎｔ渗水路堤ｉmmeｒseａｂle eｍbankmeｎt ﻫ排水砂垫层 sａnd filled drainａgｅ layer；drainaｇe saｎd blａnkｅr ﻫ坡面防护ｓlop ｅ pｒoteｃtion护岸rｅvetｍｅnt; sｈｏre prｏｔecｔion ﻫ导流堤dｉversiｏｎｄike拦石墙 stｏｎｅ cｕt oｆｆ waｌｌ; stone falling ｗall; ｂutｔｒｅe ﻫ落石槽ｓtone fa ｌling channｅl; tｒoｕｇh foｒ catcｈing ｆalｌing ｒocks ﻫ柴排firｅwooｄ raft; maｔtress; wiｌloｗfascｉneﻫ固沙造林stabiliｚation for ｓandｓ by ａffｏｒｅs ｔaｔion ﻫ挡风墙 wind-breaｋ wall ﻫ防风栅栏ｗiｎｄ breａk fence砂土液化 sａnd liｑuefacｔion六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-ｌive ｌoａｄiｎｇ; Ｃhinａ r ａilwaｙ stａnｄaｒｄ loadｉnｇﻫ桥梁标准活载ｓtaｎdard live loaｄ for bｒidｇｅ桥梁荷载谱 bridge loａd speｃtrum ﻫ换算均布活载ｅquivａｌeｎt unｉforｍ live loａd ﻫ设计荷载 deｓiｇn lｏａd ﻫ主力ｐrｉｎciｐａl loａｄ恒载 dead loaｄ土压力earth ｌoad ﻫ静水压力hydｒｏｓtatic pressurｅ浮力 bｕoyanｃy列车活载 live ｌoad of ｔrａin列车离心力ceｎtrifugaｌ fｏrce oｆ trａin ﻫ列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impａct ｆoｒcｅｏｆｔrain ﻫ冲击系数ｃeoffｉｃiｅｎt ｏf imp ａｃt人行道荷载 siｄewalk loａｄｉng附加力 subsidiary load; ｓeｃondａry lｏaｄ列车制动力brakinｇ foｒｃe of tｒain ﻫ列车牵引力tractivｅfｏrce oｆｔｒain风荷载ｗｉnd load 列车横向摇摆力latｅraｌ sｗayｉng ｆoｒｃe of trａiｎﻫ流水压力pressure of waｔer ｆlow冰压力 ice pｒｅｓsurｅ冻胀力ｆroｓt heavｉng forｃe ﻫ特殊荷载particｕlar load船只或排筏得撞击力collisｉon foｒce ｏf shiｐｏr raｆt ﻫ地震力seiｓｍic force 地震烈度ｅａｒthquａkｅ inｔensitｙ地震震级 eartｈｑuａｋe ｍａgnitｕｄe ﻫ施工荷载conｓtrｕｃtｉｏnaｌ loadｉnｇﻫ荷载组合 lｏadinｇconｂｉｎatｉon铁路桥 railｗay brｉdgｅ公铁两用桥 bined briｄgｅ； biｎed highwａy ａnｄraiｌwａｙ bridｇe; bｉｎed rａｉl-c ｕm-roａd briｄge跨线桥;立交桥ｏvｅｒpａｓｓ bridgｅ; grａde separａtion briｄｇe；ｆｌyover ﻫ高架桥vｉａdｕcｔ旱桥 dry ｂrｉdge ﻫ人行桥fｏｏt briｄge; pedestrian brｉdｇe ﻫ圬工桥ｍａsoｎry bri ｄge ﻫ钢桥steel ｂｒｉdｇeﻫ铆接钢桥rivetｅd sｔeeｌｂｒidge ﻫ栓焊钢桥bolted and welｄｅd sｔｅel bridge ﻫ全焊钢桥 alｌwｅlded ｓteel bridge ﻫ摩擦结合式高强度螺栓ｈｉgｈ strｅngｔh ｆriｃtｉo ｎｇriｐ bolｔﻫ扭剪式高强度螺栓ｔorsｈe ａr tyｐｅ high strength bloｔﻫ螺栓示功扳手ｂoｌt wｒeｎch wｉth indｉcator混凝土桥ｃoｎcｒｅｔｅ bridｇe钢筋混凝土桥ｒeｉｎfoｒｃｅｄ concrｅte briｄge ﻫ预应力混凝土桥 prｅsｔressed conc ｒeｔe bridge ﻫ先张法预应力梁 pretenｓiｏｎｅd prestresseｄcｏｎｃrｅte ｇirｄer后张法预应力梁 poｓt-tensｉｏned presｔrｅｓsed conｃrete girdeｒﻫ部分预应力混凝土桥ｐartiallｙprｅｓｔressed concｒetｅbridge结合梁桥ｐosｉte beam bridｇe低高度梁 sｈallow gｉrdｅｒﻫ无碴无枕梁 gｉｒdｅr withoｕt bａlｌast ａｎd ｓｌeepｅr ﻫ型钢混凝土梁;劲性骨架混凝土梁 giｒｄer wｉtｈ rolleｄ steeｌsecｔioｎ encａseｄ in coｎcretｅ; ｓkelｅtｏｎｒeｉnfｏrced concｒete gｉｒｄｅｒ简支梁桥 siｍplｙ sｕｐpｏrted beam bｒid ｇe ﻫ连续梁桥ｃｏntiｎuouｓ beａm ｂｒidg ｅﻫ悬臂梁桥ｃantｉlｅver beam brｉdgｅ板桥 slab brｉdge空心板桥 holｌｏｗ slab bridge板梁 plate girdｅr ﻫ工形梁I-beam箱形梁ｂox gｉrｄer槽形梁trough girdｅr桁架truss拆装式桁架 deｍｏuntable trｕｓｓﻫ刚架桥；刚构桥 rigｉd frａme bridｇe ﻫ斜腿刚架桥;斜腿刚构桥 stｒuttｅd ｂeam briｄge；ｓｌant-leggeｄ rigid frame brｉｄge ﻫ悬板桥;悬带桥ｓtresｓｅｄribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 sｕsｐension bｒidge斜拉桥caｂle-ｓtａyｅｄｂriｄge ﻫ浮桥ponｔｏon bridge; fｌｏatｉｎg bridｇe；ｂateａｕ bｒidｇe ﻫ拱桥 aｒcｈ brｉdｇe固端拱;无铰拱ｆiｘｅｄ-ｅnd arｃh ﻫ双铰拱ｔｗｏ-hiｎgｅｄａrch ﻫ三铰拱three-hinged arｃh实腹拱 spandrel－fiｌｌed aｒch； sｏliｄ-ｓｐandreｌ arch空腹拱 oｐen-spaｎdｒeｌａrｃｈ双曲拱 twｏ-way curｖed aｒｃｈ; cｒoｓｓ－cｕｒｖed arｃｈﻫ系杆拱;柔性系杆刚性拱ｔied arcｈﻫ榔格尔式桥;刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer brｉdｇｅ; flｅxｉｂｌｅarch bridge wiｔh riｇid ｔie洛泽式桥;直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Ｌohse ｂriｄgｅ; riｇid ａrｃｈｂｒｉｄge wｉth rigiｄｔie and vｅrｔicａl sｅsｐenｄersﻫ尼尔森桥 Nielseｎ systen brｉｄge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Ｎieｌsen tｙｐe Lhse briｄge; ｒiｇid arｃｈbｒｉdge wｉtｈ fiｇhd tiｅａｎd iｎcｌined suspeｎders活动桥 movａble bridｇｅ竖旋桥 bascule bridge ﻫ平旋桥swiｎg ｂｒidgｅ升降桥 lift ｂridge ﻫ正交桥ｒight ｂrid ｇｅﻫ斜交桥sｋew briｄge曲线桥 cuｒvｅｄbridge曲梁 cｕrved beａm特大桥super mａiｏr briｄge ﻫ大桥 mａjor bridgｅﻫ中桥mｅdiuｍbｒidｇe小桥 minor brｉdge单线桥 siｎｇle ｔｒaｃｋ bｒidge双线桥ｄｏuｂlｅｔｒａｃk bridge多线桥muｌｔi－ｔｒａcｋbｒidge ﻫ正桥; 主桥 mａｉｎ bridｇe ﻫ引桥 approach spａns 上承式桥 dｅck brｉdge半穿式桥;中承式ｈａｌf tｈrｏｕgｈ brｉdge; mｉdheigｈt deck brｉdge ﻫ下承式桥 through ｂriｄge ﻫ双层桥 dｏuble-ｄeｃk bridge ﻫ永久性桥 permanｅnt ｂｒidge临时性桥；便桥ｔemporarｙ bridge跨径;跨度 span ﻫ净跨 cｌeａｒｓpaｎ桥梁全长oveｒａｌl ｌeｎgth of bridｇe ﻫ桥下净空ｕｎderneaｔｈclearance主梁中心距 center tｏ cｅnteｒ diｓｔaｎce between maｉｎgirdｅr ﻫ节间长度 pａｎeｌｌengtｈ梁高ｄｅpｔh ｏｆ girdeｒﻫ拱度 caｍbeｒﻫ挠度 dｅflectｉon ﻫ节间pａnel ﻫ锚跨;锚孔ａnchor span悬跨;吊孔ｓuspendeｄ sｐaｎﻫ桥梁上部结构suｐｅrstrｕctｕre ﻫ腹板web platｅ翼缘flange ﻫ翼缘板 flaｎge plａｔe弦杆 chorｄmember腹杆wｅb memｂer斜杆 diagｏｎal ｍｅmber ﻫ竖杆 veｒtｉcａl membｅr ﻫ吊杆 suｓpender haｎgeｒ加劲杆 stｉffener节点 pａnｅｌpoint ﻫ节点板gｕsｓｅｔ pl ａtｅﻫ拼接板 spｌice plaｔe ﻫ缀条 lacing bar缀板 sｔａｙ platｅ；tｉe plate ﻫ侧向水平联结系 lateral ｂｒacing ﻫ横联ｓway ｂraｃiｎｇﻫ制动撑架braking ｂraｃinｇﻫ桥门架porｔal frａme纵梁stｒingｅr横梁ｆloor beam; traｎｓverｓe bｅam桥面系fｌooｒｓyｓtem ﻫ端横梁 enｄ fｌoo ｒ beam ﻫ起重横梁 jaｃｋing ｆｌoor beam 梁端缓冲梁 auxilｉａry ｇirder for contｒo ｌling ａngｌｅ chaｎge应变时效ｓtrain ａgeｉｎg ﻫ碳当量ｃａrbｏn equivalｅｎｔ钢丝ｓtｅel ｗire ﻫ钢丝束 bundｌed steel ｗｉres ﻫ钢绞线ｓｔeelｓtrａnd ﻫ钢筋reinforcemenｔ; sｔeｅｌ bar箍筋 stirｒuｐ纵向钢筋 longitudiｎal rｅinforcement ﻫ弯起钢筋 benｔ-uｐｂar ﻫ架立钢筋 erectiｏn barﻫ构造钢筋cｏnｓtructioｎａl reｉnforcemeｎt预应力筋tｅndoｎ套管ｓheaｔｈ梁腋 hａuncｈﻫ拱圈 arch ring ﻫ拱肋 arｃh r ｉb ﻫ拱顶 rａch crown ﻫ拱矢ｒise of aｒｃh起拱点 sｐrｉnｇiｎg拱腹ｓoｆfｉｔﻫ拱腹线iｎtraｄoｓ拱背钱 eｘtradｏs桥塔bｒidge toｗer; ｐyloｎﻫ索平面 cable pｌａnｅﻫ缆索ｃaｂle ﻫ斜缆ｓtａy cａble；inclined cａｂｌｅﻫ吊缆 suspeｎsiｏn caｂle ﻫ索鞍caｂｌe saｄdle索夹 cable ｂanｄ; ｃablｅ claｍｐ锚座socｋｅt锚碇 anchoｒage明桥面oｐｅn dｅｃk;ballａsｔｌｅss deck; oｐeｎｆｌoor桥梁道碴槽balｌａst trｏugｈﻫ道碴桥面 b ａllaｓted deck; bａlｌaｓtｅd fｌｏｏr桥梁护轨guarｄ rａiｌ of ｂｒiｄｇe ﻫ桥梁护木ｇuarｄ timbｅr oｆ brｉdge桥枕ｂｒiｄｇe tｉe；briｄge sleepeｒﻫ桥上人行道 sidewalk oｎｂridｇｅ步行板 fooｔ planｋﻫ避车台 refuge platform ﻫ伸缩缝expaｎｓｉon jｏinｔﻫ正交异性板ｏrtｈotropｉc plaｔｅﻫ栏杆 raｉlｉng; handraｉl; hａnｄrａilinｇ泻水孔draｉnａge oｐeｎing直结轨道 track fａｓtenｅd ｄirｅｃｔly to steel girders ﻫ抗剪连接件;抗剪结合件ｓｈｅar conｎectｏｒﻫ支座ｂｅarinｇ固定支座 fixed beaｒing活动支座ｅxpenｓion ｂearinｇ; mｏvable bearing ﻫ平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocｋer bearing ﻫ滚轴支座 roｌｌer ｂｅａriｎg ﻫ球面支座 spherｉｃal bｅar ｉnｇ板式橡胶支座lａminated rubbｅｒ beａring盆式橡胶支座ｐot rubｂeｒｂearinｇ聚四氯乙烯支座 poly-tetｒafｌuｏrｏedthyｌene ｂeａring; PTFE bearing涡流激振ｗortex-excｉtｅｄ osｃilｌatｉon 弛振 galloｐing ﻫ颤振 flｕｔteｒ扰流板ｓｐoｉｌer ﻫ风嘴ｗind faｉｒｉng ﻫ桥梁自振周期 natuｒaｌ viｂratiｏn pｅriod oｆｂｒidge浮运架桥法 bridge ereｃｔｉon ｂy floatiｎｇ架桥机架设法ｅrｅction bｙbｒidｇe girder ｅrectinｇｅｑuipment ﻫ顶推式架设法ｅrecｔioｎbｙｉnｃreｍeｎtａｌla ｕｎchｉng ﻫ拖拉架设法launcｈiｎg meｔhod 赝架式架设法 erｅction with scａffｏlｄin ｇﻫ悬臂架设法 catileｖer ｅｒection; ere ｃｔiｏn by prｏtrusioｎ悬臂灌注法 cast-in-ｐlaｃｅ cantilｅvｅr conｓtruction; frｅe cantileveｒseｇmｅntal concreting wｉｔh ｓｕspｅｎｄed fｏrmwork ﻫ悬臂拼装法ｃaｎtilｅｖeｒed ａsｓｅｍｂling constrｕｔiｏn; ｆreｅｃaｎtｉlever ｅrｅｃtioｎ with segmeｎts of precast ｃｏｎｃreｔe预制混凝土构件ｐrｅｃaｓｔ concrete uｎiｔs； prｅcast concｒｅｔe ｍｅｍbers ﻫ活动模架逐跨施工法 segmenｔaｌspａn－bｙ-ｓｐａn coｎstruction usinｇfｏrｍ tｒaｖｅller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法caｓｔ-iｎ-plaｃe methｏｄ; cａsｔ－ｉn-sｉtu method活动吊篮ｔｒａvellｉng cradle顶进法 jａｃk－in meｔｈod旋转法施工;转体施工 erｅcｔiｏn ｂy swing ｍethod ﻫ液压式张拉千斤顶 hｙdｒaulｉc tensioｎiｎg ｊａck桥梁下部结构 suｂｓtructure桥台ａｂｕtment重力式桥台 gｒavitｙａｂutmｅｎt ﻫ埋置式桥台ｂurｉｅd aｂutmｅnｔ锚定板式桥台 anｃhor ｓlab abutmentU形桥台Ｕ-shapeｄ abutmeｎt耳墙式桥台abｕtｍenｔwithｃａntｉlevereｄｒｅｔaiｎｉｎg wａｌｌﻫ台身aｂutment body前墙ｆrｏｎｔ waｌl台帽 abｕtment coｐing ﻫ翼墙 wing ｗａｌl ﻫ锥体护坡 quａｄｒａnt revｅtｍenｔ; trunca ｔeｄcｏnｅbaｎｋing ﻫ台后填方 fiｌlｉng ｂehiｎｄ abutmeｎt ﻫ桥墩pieｒ空心桥墩 hｏlｌow pieｒﻫ实体桥墩 soｌid p ｉer ﻫ重力式桥墩ｇravity ｐieｒﻫ柔性桥墩flｅｘiblｅ pier拼装式桥墩assｅmbly pier; pier cｏｎstructed wｉth precast units ﻫ制动墩braｋｉｎg pier柱式桥墩columｎpier ﻫV形桥墩V－sｈaped pier圆端形桥墩ｒouｎd-ended pier圆形桥墩 circulａr pieｒﻫ矩形桥墩 reｃtan ｇｕlａｒｐｉer排架式桥墩pｉlｅ beｎt ｐier墩身pier bｏｄy；ｐier shaｆt ﻫ墩帽 piｅr copｉng围栏 raiｌing ａroｕnｄ cｏpiｎg oｆpieｒｏr ａbｕtｍｅnt承台ｂｅaｒinｇ platforｍﻫ破冰体 icｅapron; iｃe-bｒｅakｉng cuｔｗater; iｃe guard ﻫ地基ｆｏundaｔｉon; foｕｎｄａtiｏn sｏｉl; ｓubgraｄe加固地基 imｐrｏved ｆoundation; iｍｐrovedｇrounｄﻫ天然地基naｔｕral founｄaｔion；natｕｒal grounｄ桥梁基础briｄge fｏuｎdaｔion ﻫ扩大基础ｓprｅad foundatｉon明挖基础ｏpen－ｃut foundation; opｅｎ ex ｃavation foundaｔiｏn ﻫ沉井基础 oｐeｎｃａｉsｓoｎｆｏuｎdatｉon ﻫ浮式沉井基础floatiｎg ｃaiｓsoｎfoundａtioｎ沉井刃脚 cｕttiｎg eｄge of opeｎ caisson ﻫ围堰 cｏｆferdａm ﻫ双壁钢围堰钻孔基础 double wall steeｌ coｆferｄam bｏｒed foundatｉon预制钢壳钻孔基础ｐrefabｒicａteｄ stｅel shelｌ boｒed ｆｏｕｎｄatｉｏｎﻫ泥浆套沉井法 sluｒｒy jacｋet ｍetｈod foｒｓiｎking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain methoｄｆor sｉnki ｎg caisｓon沉箱基础 pｎeumaｔｉc cａｉsson fｏuｎｄatioｎﻫ管柱基础tubular ｃolumn founｄation桩基础 pｉle fｏundatioｎﻫ预制桩 precast piｌe ﻫ就地灌注桩ｃａsｔ-in－pｌaｃe concr ｅte ｐｉle; cast-ｉn-ｓitu cｏncreｔｅpilｅﻫ螺旋喷射桩ａuger ｉｎjeｃｔed ｐile ﻫ摩擦桩ｆriｃtｉｏn ｐile支承桩 beａｒing pilｅﻫ钻孔桩 bｏred ｐile挖孔桩ｄug pilｅﻫ钢桩sｔeel pile钢管桩ｓｔｅｅl pｉpe pile钢板桩steｅl shｅｅt pile ﻫ板桩 sheｅt pile ﻫ木桩 tｉmｂｅr pｉｌe ﻫ钢筋混凝土桩ｒeｉnforced concrｅｔe piｌe砂桩sａｎd pile挤密砂桩sand ｃｏnpａction pilｅ流砂 quicｋｓaｎd; drift sanｄ送桩pilｅ fｏllowｅr试桩ｔｅsｔpilｅﻫ斜桩bａtter pile; raking pｉle； sｐur pile护筒 pile castｉｎｇ重锤夯实法 heavｙ tａmpｉｎg ｍetｈod ﻫ灰土换填夯实法 mｏｔｈod of ｌｉme－ｓoil ｒeplacｅmｅnt anｄ taｍpinｇ灌注水下混凝土underwaｔer conｃｒetinｇ; ｃoncrｅｔｉｎg with tremie ｍeｔhｏd ﻫ导流建筑物 regｕｌating struｃture丁坝;挑水坝ｓpur ｄike ﻫ顺坝 lｏngitudiｎａl dam河床铺砌 riveｒ bed pａｖｉｎｇ码头whａｒf排架bｅnt脚手架 scａffolｄﻫ悬空脚手架 haｎgiｎｇ s ｔａgｅ; hａngｉnｇ sｃaffold七、铁路涵洞 rａｉlway ｃulvert ﻫ涵洞孔径 ap ｅrtuｒe of culｖerｔﻫ管涵ｐipe culｖert 箱涵 box culvｅrt ﻫ拱涵 arch ｃuｌverｔﻫ盖板涵 slab culvｅrt无压力涵洞ｉnlet unｓubｍergｅd cuｌｖert ﻫ压力式涵洞 outｌet submｅｒged ｃulｖer ｔﻫ半压力式涵洞 iｎｌet subｍｅrged culｖert明渠open cｈａnnel； opｅn ditch; opｅn d ｒaｉｎ倒虹吸管 inｖertｅd siphon潮汐河流 tidａl riｖer淤积ｓｉltｉng; sｉltａtion流冰 iｃｅｄrift铁路轮渡 railwａy car ｆｅｒries ﻫ轮渡站fｅrｒｙ statｉｏn ﻫ轮渡栈桥 ferry tｒｅｓｔｌe bridｇe ﻫ渡轮ferry ｂoat轮渡引线;轮渡斜引道 fｅrry sｌip ﻫ八、铁路隧道 rａilwａy tunnel ﻫ山岭隧道ｍountain ｔuｎnｅl越岭隧道ｏvｅr mｏuntａｉｎ line tunｎel ﻫ水下隧道;水地隧道ｓubaｑueｏｕs tunnｅl；underwater tunnel ﻫ地铁隧道 subwａy tuｎne; undergroｕnd rａilwａｙ tuｎnｅｌﻫ浅埋隧道shallｏｗtuｎnel; shａllow-deptｈtunnel; shalloｗburyｉｎg tunnel深埋隧道deep tｕnｎel； deep-deptｈtun ｎｅl; deｅｐ bｕｒyｉｎg ｔunnel单线隧道sinｇle track tunnel ﻫ双线隧道double ｔraｃk ｔｕnｎel多线隧道mulｔiｐｌe track ｔunｎｅl ﻫ车站隧道ｓtａｔiｏｎ tｕｎnel ﻫ地铁车站 suｂｗaｙｓtａｔｉon; meｔｒｏstａｔioｎ特长隧道ｓupeｒｌong tunnｅl长隧道 loｎg tｕnｎel ﻫ中长隧道ｍｅdｉuｍtｕnnｅｌ短隧道 sｈort tunnel隧道群 tunnel gｒoup地铁工程ｓubwａy eｎgineeｒiｎg; mｅtro ｅｎgineerｉｎg洞口 tｕｎne lａdit; ｔｕnneｌｏpening 隧道进口 tunneｌ enｔrance ﻫ隧道出口 tuｎne ｌeｘit ﻫ迎坡；正面坡 fｒｏnt ｓlope ﻫ洞门ｔｕｎｎｅl ｐortａl洞门框 tunnel portaｌframe端墙式洞门eｎd wａlｌｔｕnｎel ｐorｔal ﻫ柱式洞门 poｓｔ tｕnｎeｌ pｏｒtaｌﻫ翼墙式洞门wing wall ｔunnel pｏrtａl耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnｅｌ porｔal台阶式洞门 bench tｕnnel portal ﻫ正洞门ortｈonｏｒmａl ｔunｎel poｒtal; ｓtraight tunnel pｏrｔａｌﻫ斜洞门ｓkew t ｕｎnｅl pｏrｔal ﻫ明洞门 open-ｃuｔ-tｕnn ｅｌ poｒｔaｌ；gallery portal衬砌ｌiniｎg ﻫ拱圈 arcｈﻫ边墙sidｅwa ｌl ﻫ仰拱inｖert； inｖerted arch ﻫ底板floor ﻫ整体式衬砌integｒal liniｎｇ装配式衬砌 pｒｅcaｓt lｉning； prefabrｉc ａted linｉng ﻫ模筑衬砌 mouｌdｅd liniｎｇﻫ洞口段衬砌liｎinｇｏf tunnｅｌ porｔａl section偏压衬砌ｕｎｓｙｍmetricaｌly ｌoadinｇｌininｇ; eccentｒicallｙ pressed lining 组合衬砌;复合衬砌pｏsitｅ lｉninｇﻫ初期支护 primaｒy support ﻫ二次衬砌secｏｎdａｒy liniｎｇ隔离层ｉsoｌation layｅｒﻫ喷锚衬砌 sｈorcｒete bolt ｌｉniｎg下锚段衬砌;接触网锚段衬砌 anchoｒ-section linｉｎg ﻫ挤压混凝土衬砌 eｘｔruｄing conc ｒｅte ｔｕnnel liniｎg ﻫ隔热层tｈｅｒma ｌ insｕlatｉoｎｌayer明洞opｅｎ－cut tuｎnel; tunneｌ witｈout cｏver; gaｌｌeｒy ﻫ拱形明洞 arch open ｃut tｕnnel； arch tｕnｎel ｗithｏut cover; arch gａllery棚洞ｓhed tunnｅl; ｓheｄ galｌerｙﻫ路堑式明洞cuｔ-ｔype open cｕt ｔｕnnel；cut-typｅｔｕnnel withｏut ｃover; ｃuｔ-type gaｌlｅry ﻫ半路堑式明洞 paｒt cut-t ｙｐe oｐen ｃut tunｎel; parｔ cut-tｙpe ｔunnel ｗithoｕt covｅr；ｐart cuｔ-ｔyp ｅ gａllｅryﻫ抗滑明洞 aｎｔi－ｓkｉd-typｅopen cｕt ｔｕnnel; anti－skｉd－ｔype tunnel without cover；anｔi-skid－typｅgallery ﻫ盖板式棚洞 slab shed ｔｕｎnｅｌ；slab shed gallerｙ刚架式棚洞 fｒamed sheｄtunｎel；ｆｒame ｄ sｈed galleｒy ﻫ悬臂式棚洞caｎｔileve ｒshed tunｎｅl；cａntileveｒ sheｄ ga ｌlery ﻫ隧道专家系统ｅxpert ｓｙstｅm of ｔ。

铁路专业词汇铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway 标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway 干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway 工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic only line 客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system 铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act 铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic 国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology 工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey 导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry 全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope 紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients 竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method 破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone 洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section 基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance 反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut 定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting 抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading 桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure 冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge 结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge 拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge 半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor 桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector 支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork 悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method 活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking 台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation 预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal 斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch 边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support二次衬砌secondary lining隔离层isolation layer喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining隔热层thermal insulation layer明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel围岩surrounding rock围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure松弛压力relaxation pressure形变压力deformation pressure围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel弹性抗力elastic resistance灌浆压力grouting pressure落石冲击力impact force of falling stone隧道埋置深度；埋深buried depth of tunnel地温梯度geothermal dradient。

铁路专业词汇(中英对照版)机车locomotive机车种类types of locomotive蒸汽机车steam locomotive内燃机车；曾用名"柴油机车" diesel locomotive电力机车electric locomotive燃气轮机车gasturbine locomotive动车组motor train unit；motor train set动车motot car拖车trailer铁路干线机车railway trunk line locomotive工矿机车industrial and mining locomotive客运机车passenger locomotive货运机车freight locomotive; goods locomotive调车机车shunting locomotive；switcher小运转机车locomotive for district transfer; transfer locomotive train路用机车locomotive of service train; service locomotives配属机车allocated locomotive非配属机车un-allocated locomotive支配机车disposal locomotive非支配机车un-disposal locomotive运用机车locomotive in operation检修机车locomotive under repairing备用机车locomotive in reserve封存机车locomotive stored up待修机车locomotive waiting for repair机车出租leased locomotive机车报废locomotive retirement机车储备locomotive reservation；locomotive storage机车整备locomotive servicing；locomotive running preparation机车整备能力locomotive service capacity机车技术规范locomotive technical specification转向架中心bogie pivot center转向架中心距离distance between bogie pivot centers；bogie pivot pitch机车全轴距locomotive total wheel base机车转向架轴距locomotive wheel base of bogie机车固定轴距locomotive rigid wheel base机车长度locomotive overall length机车宽度locomotive width机车高度locomotive height机车计算重量calcuated weight of locomotive机车整备重量locomotive service weight机车重量locomotive weight机车粘着重量locomotive adhesive weight 轴重转移；轴荷载转移axle load transfer粘着重量利用系数adhesive weight utility factor机车重量分配weight distribution of locomotive轮对横动量lateral play of wheel set机车噪声locomotive noise热值；发热量heat value机车万吨公里能耗energy consumption per 10；000 t-km of locomotive机车用煤coal for locomotive机车用柴油diesel oil for locomotive机车用电electricity for locomotive机车用换算煤converted coal for locomotive标准煤standard coal机车用润滑剂lubricant for locomotive给水water supply水鹤water crane给水处理water [supply] treatment炉内软水water softened in boiler炉外软水water softened out of boiler软水water softened净水water purified机务段locomotive depot机车运用段locomotive running depot机车检修段locomotive repair depot机车折返段locomotive turnaround depot列车无线电调度系统train radio dispatching system机车监控记录装置locomotive supervise and record apparatus 机车故障locomotive failure机车牵引特性locomotive tractive characteristic机车效率total locomotive efficiency机车轮周效率efficiency of locomotive at wheel rim机车传动功率transmission efficiency of locomotive机车牵引特性曲线locomotive tractive characteristic curve机车轮周功率曲线locomotive power curve at wheel rim机车牵引力曲线locomotive tractive effort curve机车预期牵引特性曲线predetermined tractive characteristic curve of locomotive机车功率locomotive power轮周功率output power at wheel rim比功率power/weight ratio比重量weight/power ratio单位体积功率specific volume power机车牵引力locomotive teractive effort轮周牵引力tractive effort at wheel rim车钩牵引力tractive effort at coupler；drawbar pull起动牵引力stsrting tractive effort粘着牵引力adhesive tractive effort持续牵引力continuous tractive effort基本阻力basic resistance运行阻力running resistance惰行阻力idle runing resistance; coasting resistance起动阻力starting resistance附加阻力additional resistance坡道阻力gradient resistance曲线阻力curve resistance空气阻力air resistance单位阻力unit resistance; specific resistance换算阻力;加算阻力converted resistance速度控制系统speed control system加速acceleration减速deceleration恒速constant speed加速力acceleration force减速力deceleration force列车制动train braking制动方式brake mode空气制动air brake真空制动vacuum brake动力制动dynamic brake液力制动hydraulic brake电阻制动rheostatic brake再生制动regenerative brake电空制动electropneumatic brake蓄能制动energy—storing brake涡流制动eddy current brake磁轨制动electromagnetic rail brake踏面制动tread brake盘型制动disc brake机车制动周期locomotive braking period机车制动距离locomotive braking distance机车每轴闸瓦作用力brake shoe force per axle of locomotive 制动braking常用制动service braking；service application最大常用制动;常用全制动full servive braking；full service application阶段制动graduated application自然制动unintended braking; undesired braking紧急制动emergency braking；emergency application意外紧急制动undesirable emergency braking；UDE缓解release直接缓解；一次缓解direct release阶段缓解graduated release自然缓解unintended release；undesired release漏泄leakage充风;充气charging阶段提升graduated increasing保持位suppression; maintaining position；holding position 制动管减压量brake pipe pressure reduction 过量减压over reduction局部减压local reduction分段减压split reduction最大常用减压full servive reduction常用局减quick service紧急局减quick action前后风压差false gradient列车管压差train pipe pressure gradient保压停车stopping at maintaining position缓解停车stopping at release缓解波速release propagation rate制动波速braking propagation rate机车制动机locomotive brake gear空气压缩机air compressor调压器pressure regulator给风阀feed valve减压阀reducing valve机车分配阀locomotive distributing valve切换阀transfer valve自动制动阀automatic brake valve单独制动阀independent brake valve滤尘止回阀strainer check valve机车紧急放风阀locomotive emergency vent valve高压保安阀high pressure safety valve低压保安阀low pressure safety valve无载起动电空阀no—load starting electropneumatic valve 油水分离器oil—water separator总风缸main air reservoir空气干燥器air dryer撒砂装置sanding device砂箱sand box撒砂阀sanding valve撒砂器sandingsprayer紧急撒砂emergency sanding自动撒砂automatic sanding间隙效应slack actionL/V比值L/V ratio弓网关系pantograph—contact line relation机车牵引区段locomotive tractive district机车交路locomotive routing单肩回交路single-arm routing双肩回交路double-arm routing半循环交路semi-loop routing循环交路loop routing环形交路circular routing短交路short routing长交路long routing直通交路through routing机车乘务制度locomotive crew working system机车包乘制system of assigning crew to designated locomotive 机车轮乘制locomotive crew pooling system机车随乘制locomotive caboose crew system机车乘务组locomotive crew司机driver副司机assisant driver指导司机driver instructor司炉fireman机车运用指标index of locomotive operation机车出入段作业preparation of locomotive for leaving and arriving at depot机车全周转complete turnround of locomotive机车在段停留时间detention time of locomotive at depot机车全周转距离diatance of one complete turnround of locomotive机车全周转时间period of one complete turnround of locomotive机车走行公里locomotive running kilometers换算走行公里converted running kilometers沿线走行公里running kilometers on the road辅助走行公里auxiliary running kilometers本务走行公里leading locomotive running kilometers单机走行公里light locomotive running kilometers重联机车走行公里multi—locomotive running kilometers机车日车公里average daily locomotive running kilometers机车平均牵引总重average gross weight hauled by locomotive 机车日产量average daily output of locomotive运用机车台数number of locomotive in service机车需要系数coefficient of locomotives requirment单机运行light locomotive running双机牵引;双机重联牵引double locomotive traction多机牵引multi-locomotive traction主机；本务机车leading locomotive机车超重牵引traction for train exceed mass norm机车调度命令locomotive diapatching order机务段运行揭示running service—bulletin of depot司机运转保单driver’s service—report；driver's log司机室driver's cab司机操纵台driver’s desk司机模拟操纵装置simulator for driver train—handling优化操纵optimum handling; optimum optimum operation机车自动操纵automatic locomotive operation机车保养locomotive maintenance机车检修locomotive inspection and repair机车检修修程classification of locomotive repair机车大修locomotive overhaul ［repair］; locomotive general overhaul架修intermediate repair定修periodical repair；light repair 蒸汽机车洗修steam locomotive boiler washout repair机车厂修locomotive repair in works机车段修locomotive repair in depot日常检查routine inspection机车临修locomotive temporary repair定期检修repair based on time or running kilometers状态检修repair based on condition of component换件大修component exchange repair配件互换修repair with interchangeable component预防维修制preventive maintenance system检修周期period of inspection and repair月检monthly inspection定检公里running kilometers between predetermined repairs 定检时间time between predetermined repairs检修范围scope of repairing course; scope of repair超范围修理repair beyond the scope of repairing course检修停时standing time under repair集中化修理；集中修centralization of repair检修基本技术条件fundamental technical requirements for repair and inspection检修工艺规程technological regulations for repair and inspection检修作业程序repair procedure; shop program磨耗限度limit of wear检修限度locomotive repair limit第一限度1st limit第二限度2nd limit使用限度operation limit中间工艺检验intermediate inspection at the technological process转向设备turning facilities转盘turntable机务设备通过能力carrying capacity of locomotive facilities 机车专用设备special equipment for locomotive operation机车验收acceptance of locomotive机车试运转locomotive trial run形式试验type test性能试验performance test鉴定试验homologation test出厂试验predelivery test制动试验brake test牵引试验traction test负载试验loaded test; load test牵引热工试验traction and thermodynamique de traction定置试验stationary test；test at standstill动力学试验dynamics test强度试验strength test运用试验service test；operation test耐久性试验durability test可靠性试验reliability test例行试验routine test特殊试验special test研究性试验investigation test抽样试验sampling test模拟试验analogue test机车履历簿locomotive logbook直流电力机车DC electric locomotive单向交流电力机车single-phase AC electric locomotive单相工频交流电力机车single-phase industrial frequency AC electric locomotive双电压制电力机车dual voltage electric locomotive双频率制电力机车dual frequency electric locomotive多电流制电力机车multiple system electric locomotive硅整流器电力机车silicon rectifier electric locomotive晶闸管整流器电力机车thyristor rectifier electric locomotive经闸管变流器电力机车thyristor converter electric locomotive 电动车组electric multiple unit; motor coach set；electric motor train unit单相交流电动车组single-phase industrial frequency AC motor train unit地下铁道电动车组subway motor train unit电流制current system直流制DC system单相工频交流制single—phase industrial frequency AC system 单相低频交流制single—phase low frequency AC system受电弓标称电压nominal voltage at pantograph调压方式voltage regulation mode高压侧调压high voltage regulation低压侧调压low voltage regulation分级调压stepped voltage regulation无级调压stepless voltage regulation相控调压phase control斩波调压chopper control变阻调压rheostatric control整流方式mode of rectification牵引变流器traction convertor牵引逆变器traction invertor牵引变频器traction frequency convertor可调牵引变频器variable frequency convertor直流斩波器DC chopper单相桥式整流器single—phase bridge rectifier三相桥式整流器three—phase bridge rectifier可控桥式整流器controlled bridge rectifier对称半控桥式整流器symmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier 非对称半控桥式整流器asymmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier多段桥［联结] bridges in cascade；multi rectifier bridge硅整流装置silicon rectifier device 晶闸管整流装置thyristor rectifier device励磁整流装置excitation rectifier device电力传动方式mode of electric drive直流传动DC drive交-直流传动AC-DC drive交-直-交流传动AC—DC—AC drive调速方式mode of speed control变压调速variable voltage speed control变频调速variable frequency speed control变极调速pole changing speed control车轴驱动方式mode of axle drive弹性齿轮驱动resilient gear drive刚性齿轮驱动solid gear drive单侧减速齿轮驱动single reduction gear drive双侧减速齿轮驱动double reduction gear drive单电动机驱动monomotor drive车轴空心轴驱动quill drive; hollow axle drive电机空心轴驱动hollow shaft motor drive万向轴驱动cardan shaft drive直接驱动gearless drive；direct drive独立驱动individual drive组合驱动coupled axle drive连杆驱动rod drive组合传动机车coupled axle drive locomotive独立传动机车individual drive locomotive齿轨[传动]机车;齿条传动机车rack locomotive牵引电动机供电制式traction motor power supply system 机车集中供电locomotive centralized power supply转向架独立供电bogie individual power supply电动机独立供电motor individual power supply主电路power circuit；main circuit高压电路high voltage circuit; high tension circuit低压电路low voltage circuit；low tension circuit网侧电路circuit on side of overhead contact line牵引电路traction circuit制动电路braking circuit滤波电路filter circuit辅助电路auxiliary circuit列车供电电路power supply circuit for train控制电路control circuit控制电源control source蓄电池电路battery circuit指令电路command circuit照明电路lighting circuit仪表电路instrument circuit联锁电路interlocking circuit信号电路signal circuit起动电路starting circuit保护电路protective circuit电子控制电路electronic control circuit电空制动电路electropneumatic brake ciucuit；E—P brake circuit防空转防滑行保护电路anti—slip/slide protection circuit音频通讯电路audio communication circuit电连接器electric coupler自动电连接器electric automatic coupler机车重联电连接器multi—locomotive electrc coupler牵引电动机traction motor直流牵引电动机DC traction motor脉流牵引电动机pulsating current traction motor交流牵引电动机AC traction motor单向交流牵引电动机single-phase AC traction motor三相交流牵引电动机three phase AC traction motor抱轴式牵引电动机axle hung traction motor；nose suspension traction motor架承式牵引电动机frame mounted traction motor转向架架承式牵引电动机bogie mounted traction motor底架架承式牵引电动机underframe mounted traction motor串励电动机series excited motor并励电动机shunt excited motor复励电动机compound excied motor他励电动机separately excited motor同步电动机synchronous motor异步电动机asynchronous motor交流换向器电动机alternating current commutator motor全封闭式电动机totally-enclosed motor通风式电动机ventilated motor自通风式电动机self-ventilated motor强迫通风式电动机force ventilated motor直线电动机；线性电动机linear motor直线同步电动机linear synchronous motor直线异步电动机；直线感应电动机linear asynchronous motor；linear induction motor电动机转速motor speed电动机超速runaway speed电动机特性motor characteristic电动机转矩；电动机扭矩motor torque启动转矩starting torque峰值转矩peak torque制动转矩braking torque最大输出功率maximum output启动电流starting current峰值电流peak current标称电压nominal voltage变压器电势transformer EMF片间平均电压mean voltage between segments片间最高电压maximum voltage between segments消弱磁场weakened field 最大磁场maximum field最小磁场minimum field磁场消弱率field weakening磁场消弱系数coefficient of field weakening恒功调速比speed ratio on constant power转向器commutator换向片commutator segment电枢线圈armature coil均压线equalizer；cable bond转轴shaft定子stator转子rotor主极铁心mainpole core主极线圈mainpole coil换向极铁心interpole core换相极线圈interpole coil补偿线圈compensating coil机座frame铸造机座cast frame焊接机座welding frame半叠片机座semi—laminated frame全叠片机座full-laminated frame电刷装置brush gear刷握brush—holder刷盒brush box电刷brush端盖end shield抱轴悬挂装置suspension bearing主发电机main generator直流主发电机DC main generator交流主发电机main alternator辅助发电机auxiliary generator直流辅助发电机DC auxiliary generator直流启动发电机DC starting generator; dynastarter 直流控制发电机DC control generator直流励磁机DC exciter劈相机Arno converter；phase splitter辅助电动机auxiliary motor直流辅助电动机DC quxiliary motor异步辅助电动机asynchronous auxiliary motor空压机电动机air compressor motor通风机电动机blower motor泵电动机pump motor控制电机control electric machine自整角机synchro测速发电机tachogenerator机车牵引变压器traction transformer of locomotive 心式牵引变压器core-type traction transformer壳式牵引变压器shell-type traction transformer自藕牵引变压器traction autotransformer调压牵引变压器regulating traction transformer分接牵引变压器tapped traction transformer油浸式牵引变压器oil-immersed type traction transformer 整流变压器rectifier transformer电源变压器supply transformer隔离变压器;绝缘变压器isolating transformer同步变压器synchronous transformer脉冲变压器pulse transformer控制变压器control transformer信号变压器signal transformer励磁变压器excitation transformer高压绕组high voltage winding；high tension winding低压绕组low voltage winding; low tension winding调压绕组regulating winding励磁绕组excitation winding辅助绕组auxiliary winding列车供电绕组train coach supply winding自然循环natural circulation强迫循环forced circulation强迫导向循环forced guided circulation牵引电抗器traction tractor平波电抗器smoothing reactor过渡电抗器transition reactor接地电抗器earthing reactor; grounding reactor制动电抗器braking reactor分流电抗器divert shunt reactor；inductive shunt滤波电抗器filter reactor均流电抗器sharing reactor限流电抗器inductive reactor; current limiting reactor换相电抗器commutation reactor起动电阻器staring resistor制动电阻器braking resistor过渡电阻器transistion resistor分流电阻器divert shunt resistor; shunting resistor稳定电阻器stabilizing resistor调节电阻器regulating resistor制动电阻柜braking resistor cubicle制动电阻元件braking resistor grid非线性电阻器non—linear resistor滤波电容器filter capacitor换相电容器commutating capacitor保护电容器protective capacitor起动电容器starting capacitor补偿电容器compensation capacitor主断路器line circuit—breaker真空主断路器line vacuum circuit-breaker空气主断路器line air-blast circuit—breaker直流高速断路器DC high speed circuit-breaker 受电器current collector受电弓pantograph单臂受电弓single arm pantograph双臂受电弓double arm pantograph弓头pantograph bow受电弓滑板pantograph pan弓角pantograph horn受电弓气缸pantograph cylinder支持绝缘子supporting insulator第三轨受电器conductor rail collector受电靴装置shoegear集电靴collector shoe电磁接触器electromagnetic contactor直流接触器DC contactor交流接触器AC contactor电空接触器electropneumatic contactor组合接触器grouping contactor线路接触器line contactor磁场削弱接触器field weakening contactor制动接触器braking contactor励磁接触器excitation contactor辅助接触器auxiliary contactor调压开关tap changer低压调压开关low voltage tap changer; low tension tap changer高压调压开关high voltage tap changer；high tension tap changer位置转换开关position changeover switch鼓形位置转换开关drum position changeover switch凸轮位置转换开关cam position changeover switch牵引-制动位转换开关power/brake changeover switch反向器reverser电流制转换开关current system changeover switch主电路库用转换开关main circuit transfer switch for shed supply辅助电路库用转换开关auxiliary circuit transfer switch for shed supply短路器short-circuiting device接地开关earthing switch牵引电动机隔离开关traction motor isolating switch受电弓隔离开关pantograph isolating switch主整流柜隔离开关isolating switch for main silicon rectifier cubicle劈相机故障隔离开关fault isolating switch for phase splitter控制电源隔离开关isolating switch for control supply司机控制器driver controller调车控制器shunting controller电空制动控制器E—P brake controller按键开关button switch; key switch自复式按键开关self-reset push-key switch非自复式按键开关non-self-reset push-key switch主按键开关组main button switch group；main key switch set 副按键开关组secondary push—key switch group；secondary key switch set电磁阀electromagnetic valve电空阀clectropneumatic valve电液阀electro—hydraulic valve保护阀protective valve受电弓电空阀pantograph valve防空转撒沙电空阀anti—slip sanding valve防空转防滑行保护装置anti—slip/slide protection device轴重转移补偿装置axle load transfer compensation device功率因数补偿装置power factor compensation device电压继电器voltage relay电流继电器current relay时间继电器time relay中间继电器intermediate relay速度继电器speed relay温度继电器temperature relay压力继电器pressure relay欠电压继电器under—voltage relay过电流继电器over—current relay转速继电器tachometric relay流速继电器flow relay接地继电器earth fault relay风压继电器air pressure relay油压继电器oil-pressure relay起动继电器starting relay主电路库用插座main circuit socket for shed supply辅助电路库用插座auxiliary circuit socket for shed supply控制电路库用插座control circuit socket for shed supply重联插座multiple unit socket印制电路板插座printed circuit board socket电压调整器voltage regulator温度调整器temperature regulator位置指示器notch indicator数字显示器digital display司机室取暖电炉driver’s cab electric heater司机室热风装置driver’s cab air heater司机室空调装置driver’s cab air conditioner电热玻璃electric heating glass电测仪表electrical measuring instrument牵引电机电压表traction motor voltmeter牵引电机电流表traction motor ammeter励磁电流表excitation ammeter网侧电压表voltmeter on side of overhead contact line；overhead side voltmeter辅助电路电压表auxiliary circuit voltmeter 控制电源电压表control supply voltmeter控制电源电流表control supply ammeter机车速度表locomotive speedometer单相电度表single-phase wat-hour meter速度记录仪tachograph传感器sensor；transducer电压传感器voltage sensor电流传感器current sensor压力传感器pressure sensor速度传感器speed sensor温度传感器temperature sensor直流电流互感器DC current transformer阀形避雷器valve type arrester放电器discharger轮缘喷油器flange lubricator接地安全棒earthing pole接地回流电刷earth return brush前照灯head lamp; head light副前照灯subhead lamp；dim head light标志灯marker lamp走行部灯bogie lamp车号灯side number plate lamp路签灯train staff lamp记事灯writing lamp照明灯illuminating lamp指示灯indicator lamp风喇叭air horn高音风喇叭high tone air horn低音风喇叭low tone air horn警笛siren警惕装置vigilance device机车组装后的检查与试验inspection and test of locomotive after completion of construction一般性检查general inspection称重试验weighing test压缩空气设备全面的气密性试验test for over-all air-tightness of compressed air equipments车体及外部装备密封试验test for sealing of body and external equipment受电弓试验pantograph test介电强度试验dielectric test事故预防措施的检查checks for prevention of accidents安全设备试验test on safety equipments蓄电池充电系统试验checks of battery charging—arrangement 通风冷却试验test on ventilation and cooling空气制动试验test on air brake曲线通过实验curve negotiation test机车振动参数测试measurements of vibration parameters辅助机组试验test on auxiliary machines机车调速试验test on speed regulation主电路短路保护系统试验test on short-circuit protection system of main circuit主电路过载保护系统试验test on overload protection system of main circuit内部过电压试验test on internal overvoltage外部过电试验test on external overvoltage机车功率试验locomotive [traction] power test机车功率因数测定measurment of power factor机车效率测定measurement of efficiency of locomotive谐波电流百分比测定measurement of percentage of harmonic current起动加速试验starting and acceleration test运行阻力试验test for running resistance电气制动试验electric braking test滤尘效果试验test on filter efficiency撒沙装置试验test on sanding gear重联运行试验test on coupled operation；test on multi unit operation司机室工作条件检查check on working conditions in the driver’s cab4。

铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线 railway line； railroad line铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science铁路技术 railway technology铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow—gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway宽轨铁路 broad—gage railway单线铁路 single track railway双线铁路 double track railway多线铁路 multiple track railway重载铁路 heavy haul railway高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路 industry railway矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway; light rail高架铁路 elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路 monorail； monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway; maglev森林铁路 forest railway山区铁路 mountain railway既有铁路 existing railway新建铁路 newly-built railway改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation； operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway干线 trunk line； main line支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic； freight special line； freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line; passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路 railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway； railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance； fundamental structure gauge 桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance； bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance; tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界 clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界 clearance limit for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation; wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类 kinds of traction； category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating; tonnage of traction装载系数 loading coefficient速度 speed持续速度 continuous speed限制速度 limited speed; speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度 maximum speed临界速度 critical speed重载列车 heavy haul train高速列车 high speed train超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突 train collision列车尾追 train tail collision列车尾部防护 train rear end protection 伸缩运动 fore and aft motion蛇行运动 hunting； nosing列车压缩 train running in列车拉伸 train running out列车分离 train separation列车颠覆 train overturning列车动力学 train dynamics列车空气动力学 train aerodynamics机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock 纵向振动 longitudinal vibration横向振动 lateral vibration垂向振动 vertical vibration摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration测滚振动 rolling ; vibration测摆振动 swaying; vibration点头振动 pitching； nodding摇头振动 yawing； hunting机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock 机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling纵向冲击 longitudinal impact横向冲击 lateral impact垂向冲击 vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station 行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard 铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统 railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法 railway law铁道法规 railway act铁路条例 railway code铁路技术管理规程 regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport; multi-mode transport; intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land—railway国际联运协定 agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书 protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic 二、铁路新线建设newly—built railway construction铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway; betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway; main techincal requirement of railway单位工程 unit project分部工程 part project分项工程 item project预可行性研究 pre—feasibility study项目建议书 proposed task of project可行性研究 feasibility study设计阶段 design phase; design stage三阶段设计three-step design; three-phase design两阶段设计 two-step design； two—phase design一阶段设计 one-step design； one—phase design初步设计 preliminary design技术设计 technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design； expanded preliminary design施工图设计 construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计 altered design设计概算 apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算 individual approximate estimate 综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算 sum of approximate estimate； totalestimate; summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate; revised general estimate调整总概算 adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算 checking of investment预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget概算定额 rating of approximate estimate; rating form for estimate投资估算 investment estimate估算指标 index of estimate机械台班定额 rating per machine per team；rating per machine—team工程直接费direct expense of project; direct cost of project工程间接费 indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地 right—of—way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey; geomorphologic survey地质调查 geologic survey经济调查economic investigation; economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey 土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质 physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classification of soil and rock 地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation； bearing capacity of ground; bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map勘探 exploration； prospecting挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring； exploration drilling物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test 原位测试 in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing； cone penetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验 standard penetration test 区域地质 regional geology工程地质 engineering geology不良地质 unfavorable geology特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic; requirement; engineering geologic condition气象资料 meteorological data冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake； seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum; graphic logs of strata; drill log of stratum洪水调查 flood survey河道调查 river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey; frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面 hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section; hydrologic cross-section主河槽 main river channel设计流速 design current velocity设计高程；设计标高 design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位 historic flood level最高水位 highest water level； HWL通航水位 navigation water level; NWL桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert 水利半径 hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge 桥渡勘测设计 survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度 slope of water surface水文测量 hydrological survey泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area； drainage area洪水频率 flood frequency设计流量 design discharge设计水位 design water level 施工水位construction level; construction water level； working water level设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph 容许冲刷 allowable scour一般冲刷 general scour局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour 三、铁路测量 railway survey线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance初测 preliminary survey定测 location survey； alignment； final location survey导线测量 traversing； traverse survey光电导线 photoelectric traverse地形测量 topographical survey横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling线路测量 route survey； profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量;旧线测量 survey of existing railway线路复测 repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway 测量精度 survey precision; precision of survey均方差；中误差 mean square error最大误差;极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量 center line survey中线桩 center line stake加桩 additional stake； plus stake外移桩 shift out stake； stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量 bench mark leveling中桩高程测量;中平 center stake leveling曲线控制点 curve control point放线 setting—out of route； lay out of route交点 intersection point副交点 auxiliary intersection point转向角 deflection angle分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth象限角 quadrantal angle经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate断链 broken chain投影断链 projection of broken chain断高 broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying 航带设计 flight strip design； design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段 segment of survey航测选线 aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统 global positioning system；GPS像片索引图 index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量 precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量 outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey； through survey隧道洞口投点 horizontal point of tunnel portal； geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis铁路选线 railway location； approximate railway location; location of railway route selection平原地区选线 location in plain region; plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线 mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks； midway between tracks车站分布 distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost纸上定线 paper location of line缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度 height of lifting；lifting height； ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线 extension of line； development of line; line development展线系数 coefficient of extension line; coefficient of development line套线 overlapping line线路平面图 track plan； line plan线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site站坪坡度 grade of station site控制区间 control section； controlling section最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve圆曲线 circular curve单曲线 simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve； spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature; rate of transition curve复曲线 compound curve同向曲线 curves of same sense； adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度 grade； gradient; slope人字坡 double spur grade限制坡度 ruling grade; limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度 maximum grade临界坡度 critical grade长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade动力坡度 momentum grade均衡坡度 balanced grade有害地段 harmful district无害地段 harmless district变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade坡段 grade section坡段长度 length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线 vertical curve分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration; accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation曲线折减 compensation of curve； curve compesation隧道坡度折减 compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段 detouring section; round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line容许应力设计法 allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage designmethod极限状态设计法 limit state design method 概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method 地震系数法 seismic coefficient method 四、路基 subgrade；road bed； formation subgrade岩石路基 rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade; pervious embankment非渗水土路基non—permeable soil subgrade； impervious embankment特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft； clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone； subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基 subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基 subgrade under special condition河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach 滨河路堤 embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir; embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district； subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone； subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone; subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基 subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone； subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面 subgrade cross-section路基面 subgrade surface； formation路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱 road crown; subgrade crown路肩 Road shoulder; subgrade shoulder路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill路堑 cut； road； cutting半堤半堑 part—cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床 subgrade bed; formation基床表层 surface layer of subgrade bed; formation top layer; surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill临界高度 critical height基底 foundation base； base路堤边坡 side slope of embankment； fill slope talus坡脚 toe of side slope护道 berm取土坑 borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material; embankment filler； filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料 rock block filler; rock filler; rock fill粗粒土填料 coarse-grained soil filler；coarse—grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine—grained soil fill压实标准 compacting criteria相对密度 relative density压实系数 compacting factor； compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度 optimum density； best density 核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure; counter swelling berm石灰砂桩 lime sand pile换土 change soil; soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion； discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation； packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破 chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting抛掷爆破 pin—point blasting松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting； contact blasting路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting 路堑平台platform of cutting; berm in cutting弃土堆 waste bank; bankette； spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works挡土墙 retaining wall重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform; balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retainingwall； anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙 reinforced earth retaining wall; reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙 anchored bolt retaining wall; anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall抗滑桩 anti—slide pile； counter-sliding pile护墙 guard wall护坡slope protection；revetment；pitching排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch边沟；侧沟 side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain 急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel渗水暗沟 blind drain渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井 leaching well； seepage well渗管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反滤层 reverse filtration layer; inverted filter； protective filter检查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤 pervious embankment； permeable embankment渗水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂垫层 sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护 slope protection护岸 revetment； shore protection导流堤 diversion dike拦石墙 stone cut off wall; stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress; willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙 wind-break wall防风栅栏 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction六、桥梁 bridge中-活载 CR—live loading； China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load主力 principal load恒载 dead load土压力 earth load静水压力 hydrostatic pressure浮力 buoyancy列车活载 live load of train列车离心力 centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 ceofficient of impact人行道荷载 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load 列车制动力 braking force of train列车牵引力 tractive force of train风荷载 wind load列车横向摇摆力 lateral swaying force of train流水压力 pressure of water flow冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heaving force特殊荷载 particular load船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震级 earthquake magnitude施工荷载 constructional loading荷载组合 loading conbination铁路桥 railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge; combined highway and railway bridge; combined rail—cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥 overpass bridge； grade separation bridge; flyover高架桥 viaduct旱桥 dry bridge人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge 圬工桥 masonry bridge钢桥 steel bridge铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge 全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator 混凝土桥 concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁 pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post—tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥 partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete； skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge板桥 slab bridge空心板桥 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I—beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆装式桁架 demountable truss刚架桥;刚构桥 rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge； slant-legged rigid frame bridge 悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥;吊桥 suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable—stayed bridge浮桥 pontoon bridge； floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥 arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch双铰拱 two—hinged arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel—filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch双曲拱two—way curved arch；cross—curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch榔格尔式桥;刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge; flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥 Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥 movable bridge竖旋桥 bascule bridge平旋桥 swing bridge升降桥 lift bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge曲线桥 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大桥 super maior bridge大桥 major bridge 中桥 medium bridge小桥 minor bridge单线桥 single track bridge双线桥 double track bridge多线桥 multi—track bridge正桥；主桥 main bridge引桥 approach spans上承式桥 deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式 half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥 through bridge双层桥 double-deck bridge永久性桥 permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge跨径；跨度 span净跨 clear span桥梁全长 overall length of bridge桥下净空 underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber挠度 deflection节间 panel锚跨；锚孔 anchor span悬跨；吊孔 suspended span桥梁上部结构 superstructure腹板 web plate翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate弦杆 chord member腹杆 web member斜杆 diagonal member竖杆 vertical member吊杆 suspender hanger加劲杆 stiffener节点 panel point节点板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate缀条 lacing bar缀板 stay plate； tie plate侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing横联 sway bracing制动撑架 braking bracing桥门架 portal frame纵梁 stringer横梁 floor beam； transverse beam桥面系 floor system端横梁 end floor beam起重横梁 jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement 预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱顶 rach crown 拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rail of bridge桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板 foot plank避车台 refuge platform伸缩缝 expansion joint正交异性板 orthotropic plate栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector 支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座 plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocker bearing滚轴支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing 盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly—tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping颤振 flutter扰流板 spoiler风嘴 wind fairing桥梁自振周期 natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating 架桥机架设法 erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法 launching method赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding 悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast—in—place cantilever construction； free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution; free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件 precast concrete units; precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by—span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙 closure就地贯注法cast—in-place method；cast-in—situ method活动吊篮 travelling cradle顶进法 jack-in method旋转法施工;转体施工 erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构 substructure桥台 abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutmentU形桥台 U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身 abutment body前墙 front wall台帽 abutment coping翼墙 wing wall锥体护坡 quadrant revetment; truncated cone banking台后填方 filling behind abutment桥墩 pier空心桥墩 hollow pier实体桥墩 solid pier重力式桥墩 gravity pier柔性桥墩 flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier; pier constructed with precast units制动墩 braking pier柱式桥墩 column pierV形桥墩 V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩 round—ended pier圆形桥墩 circular pier矩形桥墩 rectangular pier排架式桥墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台 bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice—breaking cutwater； ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基 improved foundation； improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础 bridge foundation扩大基础 spread foundation明挖基础open—cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation 沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson围堰 cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 tubular column foundation 桩基础 pile foundation预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩 cast—in-place concrete pile；cast-in—situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile钻孔桩 bored pile挖孔桩 dug pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile钢板桩 steel sheet pile板桩 sheet pile木桩 timber pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile砂桩 sand pile挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送桩 pile follower试桩 test pile斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土 underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物 regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam河床铺砌 river bed paving码头 wharf排架 bent脚手架 scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage; hangingscaffold七、铁路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤积 silting； siltation流冰 ice drift铁路轮渡 railway car ferries轮渡站 ferry station轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge渡轮 ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip八、铁路隧道 railway tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道 subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel； shallow—depth tunnel; shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道 single track tunnel双线隧道 double track tunnel多线隧道 multiple track tunnel车站隧道 station tunnel 地铁车站 subway station; metro station 特长隧道 super long tunnel长隧道 long tunnel中长隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening隧道进口 tunnel entrance隧道出口 tunnel exit迎坡;正面坡 front slope洞门 tunnel portal洞门框 tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门 end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门 post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门 wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门 bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门 skew tunnel portal明洞门 open-cut—tunnel portal； gallery portal衬砌 lining拱圈 arch边墙 side wall仰拱 invert； inverted arch底板 floor整体式衬砌 integral lining装配式衬砌 precast lining; prefabricated lining模筑衬砌 moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section。

铁路英文词汇Rolling stock termsGB 4549.1-84一、一般名词术语 General1、车辆的种类铁道车辆 rolling stock,railway vehicle,railway car客车 carriage,passeger car货车 wagon.freight car特种车 special car钢木车 steel-wood car全金属车 all metal car全钢车all steel car二轴车 two-axle car四轴车 four-axle car六轴车 six-axle car转向架式车 rogie car关节式车 articulated car动车 motor-car拖车 trailer控制车 controlling car动车组 powered car train-set合造车 combined car简易客车 simply equipped coach代用客车 substitute passenger car双层客车 double-deck coach母车 car with axle generator子车 car without axle generator座车 seat coach硬座车 semi-cushioned seat coach软座车 cushioned seat coach,soft seat coach卧车 sleeping car硬卧车 semi-cushioned berth sleeping car 软卧车 cushioned berth sleeping car餐车 dining car行李车 luggage van,baggage car邮政车 mail van,postal car了望车 observation car公务车 service car,private car文教车 culture and education car医疗车 hospital car卫生车 ambulance car试验车 test car维修车 maintenance car宿营车 dormitory van,train crew car轨道检查车 track inspection car轨道探伤车 rail faults detection car隧道摄影车 tunnel-photographing car限界检查车 structure gauge detection car 检衡车 track scale test car发电车 generator car锅炉车 boiler car救援车 relief car敞车 open-top car,gondola car棚车 covered wagon,box car平车 flat car罐车 tank car守车 caboose, brake van煤车 coal car砂石车 gravel car矿石车 ore car漏斗车 hopper car水泥车 cement car保温车 thermal car隔热车 insulated-cover wagon,insulated box car加冰冷藏车 ice-cooled refrigerator car冷冻板冷藏车 eutectic-ice-cooled refrigerator car加温车 heater car冷藏加温车 refrigerator and heater car机械冷藏车 mechanical refrigerator car单节机械冷藏车 mono-unit mechanical refrigerator car机冷货物车 mechanical refrigerator freight car机冷发电车 mechanical refrigerator generating car机械冷藏车组 mechanical refrigerator car train-set通风车 ventilated car家畜车 live stock car, stock car活鱼车 fish car零担办公车 office car for peddler train毒品车 posion car集装箱车 container car长大货物车 heavy-duty car,high capacity car凹底平车 depressed center flat car落下孔车 well car, well-hole car双联平车 twinned flat car钳夹车 schnabel car自动倾翻车 side dump car除雪车 sweeper, snow plow长钢轨车组 long rail car train-set电站车组 power station car train set车辆纵向 longitudinal direction of car车辆横向 transverse direction of car车端 end of car一位端“B” end of car二位端“A” end of car一位侧 No.1 position side二位侧 No. 2 position side轴位 position of axle轮位 position of wheel梁位 position of sill车钩中心线高 hright fron top of rail to coupler center车辆长度 length of car车辆宽度 width of car车辆最大宽度 max. width of car车辆高度 height of car车辆最大高度 max. height of car车体长度 length over ends of car body底架长度 length of underframe罐体长度 length of tank barrek车体宽度 width over sides of car body底架长度 underframe width车体内长 inside length of car body车体内宽 inside width of car body车体内侧面高 inside height of car body车体内中心高 inside height from floor to roof centre 地板面高 height of floor from rail top车辆定距（心盘中心距） length between bogie pivot centers车辆全轴距 total wheel base of car车辆定距比 ratio of car body length to length between bogie centres换长 equivalent length旁承间隙 side bearing clearance自重tare weight载重 loading capacity整备品重 servicing weight总重 gross weight自重系数coefficient of tare weight,tare-to-load capacity每延米重load per meter of track簧上重量suspended weight,weight above spring簧下重量non-suspended weight,weight under spring构造速度design speed通过最小曲线半径 min. radius of curvature negotiated动力系数coefficient of kinetic force振动舒适度comfortable quality of vibration平稳性指标（振动舒适度指标）index of running stability倾复稳定性security of over turing from track脱轨稳定性security of derailment6、其他空车empty car轴数number of axle车辆标记lettering and marking of car 车辆型号model of car车辆号码serial number of car定员seating capacity技术履历簿technical ancestry book吊hanger卡clamp,clip吊卡anchor,suspension座seat,rest,bracket吊座hanger bracket托carrier,support,bearer环ring链chain连接板connecting plate补强板reinforcing plate筋板rib隔板partion plate撑板staying plate托板supporting plate固定板fastening plate压板pressing plate吊板hanging plate支承板bearing plate垫板shim,pad调整板adjusting plate限制板locating plate挡板baffle plate防跳板anticreep plate护板shield plate防尘板dust guard plate磨耗板wear plate防火板fireproof plate盖板cover plate腹板web plate翼板flange plate地板floor plate顶板roof plate墙板side plate装饰板decorating plate饰带板lining根据位置不同所用板plate used in other place 节流板moderating plate,limiting plate垫shim,pad,liner,washer盖cap,cover,lid阀valve体body梁girder，sill，beam，stringer柱post斜撑diagonal brace压条cornice，molding，treadle bar承木wooden parting stringer，nailing strip 隔热材料heat-insulating material二走行装置二走行装置running gear1 一般走行装置running gear转向架bogie，truck二轴转向架two-axle bogie三轴转向架three-axle bogie组合转向架combination bogie导框式转向架pedestal bogie导框式转向架non-pedestal bogie导框式转向架pedestal bogie整体侧架转向架bogie with integral box side frame构架frame，bogie structure侧架bogie side frame轮对wheel set有箍车轮tyred wheel整体车轮solid wheel碾钢车轮wrought steel wheel，rolled steel wheel轴箱journal box承载鞍adapter轴箱定位装置box guidance弹簧减振装置spring and vibration absorber device弹簧悬挂装置suspension damper弹簧装置spring device轴箱弹簧装置journal spring device摇枕弹簧装置bolster spring device轴箱弹簧journal spring摇枕弹簧bolster spring均衡弹簧equalizer spring空气弹簧air spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring第一系弹簧装置primary suspension第二系弹簧装置secondary suspension一系弹簧装置single-stage suspension二系弹簧装置two-stage suspension自动高度调整装置automatic height ajuster减振器vibration absorber摩擦减振器snubber油压减振器hydraulic damper旁承side bearing滑块式旁承sliding block side bearing摆块式旁承pendulum side bearing滚子式旁承roller side bearing液压旁承hydraulic siide bearing气液旁承hydro-pneumatic side bearing转向架基础制动装置bogie brake rigging踏面制动tread braking盘形制动disc braking,rotor braking单侧制动signle side braking双侧制动clasp braking制动梁brake beam闸瓦brake block,brake shoe闸片brake ling中磷闸瓦medium phosphor brake shoe高磷闸瓦high phosphor brake shoe合成闸瓦composite brake shoe制动盘braking disc心盘面自由高free height from rail top to centre plate wearing surface转向架对角线bogie diagonal轴距wheel base固定轴距fixed or rigid wheel base转向架全轴距total wheel base of bogie assembly轮对内侧距distance between backs of wheel rims轴颈中心距distance between acting centres of journal load踏面tread踏面斜度tread taper踏面基点taping point滚动圆rolling tread circle车轮直径wheel diameter轮箍厚度tire thickness轮辋内侧厚度rim inside thickness轮辋外侧厚度rim outside thickness轮辋宽度rim width轮缘高度flange height轮缘高度测定线flange base line轮缘厚度flange thickness轮毂直径diameter of boss轮毂厚度boss thickness轴箱导框间隙pedestal clearance with pedestal guide摇枕挡间隙column guide cleatance with the column轴载荷axle loading force轴荷重axle load轴重wheel set load心盘载荷centre plate loading force旁承载荷side bearing loading force斜对称载荷obliquely symmetrical loading force弹簧静挠度static deflection of spring弹簧动挠度dynamic deflection of spring弹簧挠度裕量surplus deflection of spring,reserve deflection of spring挠度裕量系数reserve coefficient(or surplus factor) of spring deflection转向架扭曲刚度bogie against distortion rigidity摩擦减振器相对摩擦系数relative friction coefficient of snubber油压减振器阻力系数damping coefficient of hydraulic damper减振指数damping index临界阻尼值critical damping value脱轨系数coefficient of derailment轴温axle temperature轮缘垂直磨耗vertical wear on flange踏面擦伤scotching on wheel tread踏面剥离flaking on wheel tread2、转向架构架 bogie structure发电机吊架genertor hanger support缓解弹簧座release spring bracket闸瓦托吊座brake head hanger bracket安全吊座safety hanger bracket固定支点座fixed fulcrum bracket端梁end sill侧梁side sill纵向梁longitudinal sill辅助梁auxiliary transom摇枕吊耳bolster hanger lug横梁transom闸瓦托吊耳brake head hanger lug3 转向架侧 bogie side frame轴箱承台pedestal journal roof上斜弦梁top oblique chord检查孔inspection hole斜楔挡friction wedge stop上弦梁top chord立柱column轴箱挡pedestal leg制动梁滑槽brake beam guide下弦梁bottom chord弹簧承台spring seat凸脐spring seat boss摇枕孔bolster opening下斜弦梁bottom oblique chord轴箱导框pedestal4 摇枕及弹簧装置bolster and spring device 弹簧托梁spring plank carrier摇枕吊bolster hanger摇枕吊销bolster hanger pin摇枕吊销座bolster hanger pin seat油压减振动器hydraulic damper,oil damper弹簧夹板spring button摇枕弹簧（外圈）bolster spring(outer)摇枕弹簧（内圈）bolster spring(inner)下旁承体bogie side bearing base下旁承胶垫bogie side bearing rubber pad下旁承滑块bogie side bearing sliding block摇枕挡bolster guide下心盘bogie centre plate中心销centre pin摇枕bolster下旁承bogie side bearing横向缓冲器lateral buffer横向拉杆lateral connecting rod摇枕板弹簧bolster double elliptic spring弹簧托板spring plank安全吊safety hanger摇枕吊轴bolster hanger shaft5 摇枕bogie bolster斜楔摩擦面bolster friction wedge pocket slope凸脐spring seat boss心盘安装面centre plate location排水孔draining hole中心销孔centre pin hole固定杠杆支点安装面dead lever fulcrum bracket location 下旁承座bogie side bearing seat摇枕挡column guide6，7 轮对轴箱及弹簧装置wheel set，journal box and spring device后挡板rear guard油卷lubricating pad前枕front guard轴箱盖box lid轴瓦垫journal bearing wedge轴箱体journal box body轴瓦journal bearing防尘板dust guard，dust shield车轴皮带轮axle belt pulley车轴axle车轮wheel防尘挡圈dust guard ring滚动轴承roller bearing弹簧支柱spring guide-post定位套locating bush轴箱弹簧journal spring支持环spring guide缓冲胶垫rubber pad轴箱后盖journal box rear cover轴箱体journal box body紧定螺母set nut防松板locking plate轴箱前盖journal box frim cover均衡弹簧座equalizing spring seat轴箱导框pedestal均衡弹簧（内圈、中圈、外圈）equalizing spring(inner,intermediate,outer)均衡梁equalizer轴箱托板journal box tie bar轴箱导框磨耗板pedestal wear plate8 轮对wheel set车轴axle车轮轮箍tire,tyre车轮扣环retaining ring车轮轮心wheel centre整体车轮solid wheel9 车轴axle中心孔centre hole轴颈前肩hournal front fillet轴颈后肩journal rear fillet轮座前肩wheel seat front fillet轮座后肩wheel seat rear fillet轴中央部axle middle portion轴身axle body轮座wheel seat防尘板座dust guard seat轴颈journal轴领collar10 整体车轮solid wheel辐板web plate轮缘flange轮毂孔wheel hub bore轮毂hub，boss轮辋rim踏面thread辐板孔web plate hole11 轴箱体journal box body前壁front wall内顶journal box roof轴箱口journal box opening雨檐eaves瓦垫挡journal bearing wedge stopper 承台座pedestal seat底部bottom排水槽draining slot轴箱盖耳孔座journal box hinge lug 后壁rear wall防尘板槽dust guard slot瓦耳挡bearing lug guard侧壁side wall导槽pedestal guide12 油压减振器hydraulic damper压板pressing plate胶垫rubber fitting垫板pad套sleeve密封盖seal cap密封圈seal ring密封衬垫seal ring retainer螺母nut密封弹簧seal spring导向套guide bush缸端盖cylinder end cap缸体cylinder body防尘罩dust protector活塞piston芯阀key valve阀套valve bush阀座valve seat阀瓣valve clack进油阀座oil inlet valve seat 储油缸oil storage cylinder13 转向架基础制动装置bogie brake rigging制动梁brake beam制动梁缓解弹簧brake beam release spring闸瓦托吊brake head hanger固定杠杆dead lever拉杆间隙调整器pull rod type slack adjuster 制动梁拉杆brake beam pull rod移动杠杆live lever上拉杆导轮托top connecting rod guide移动杠杆上拉杆live lever top connecting rod 拉杆connecting rod移动杠杆拉杆吊live lever conection hanger 闸瓦插销brake shoe key闸瓦brake shoe闸瓦托brake head闸瓦间隙调整器brake shoe slack adjuster拉环brake beam and lever connection移动杠杆拉杆live lever connection闸瓦托调整簧brake head spring卡板catch plate压板button调整板adjusting plate调整螺杆adjusting screw调整弹簧adjusting spring调整螺母adjusting nut14 制动梁brake beam滚子roller滚子轴roller shaft下拉杆安全吊lower connecting rod safety link支柱strut弓形杆tension rod槽钢梁compression channel内挡箍inner check ring闸瓦托brake head端部磨耗板end wear plate15 轴端发电装置axle-end drive generating equipment调整手轮锁紧螺母adjusting hand wheel lock nut调整手轮adjusting hand wheel调整弹簧垫adjusting spring guide调整弹簧adjusting spring调整弹簧座adjusting spring seat调整丝杠adjusting lead screw连接轴connecting shaft连接轴紧固螺母connecting shaft sernut密封前盖front seal cap挡尘板dust guard皮带轮belt pulley挡盖guard cap电机托cenerator bracker客车发电机generator for passengercar调整杠杆adjusting lever。

铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线 railway line； railroad line铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science铁路技术 railway technology铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway单线铁路 single track railway双线铁路 double track railway多线铁路 multiple track railway重载铁路 heavy haul railway高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway工业企业铁路 industry railway矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail高架铁路 elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev 森林铁路 forest railway山区铁路 mountain railway既有铁路 existing railway新建铁路 newly-built railway改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路 railway in operation； operation；operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway干线 trunk line； main line支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线 railway line for freight traffic；freight special line； freight traffic only line客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line； passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length 列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway 区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance； structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental constructionclearance； fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contract wire； clearance limit for overhead catenary system； overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction 轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction 装载系数 loading coefficient速度 speed持续速度 continuous speed限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed构造速度 construction speed； design speed 最高速度 maximum speed临界速度 critical speed重载列车 heavy haul train高速列车 high speed train超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突 train collision列车尾追 train tail collision列车尾部防护 train rear end protection伸缩运动 fore and aft motion蛇行运动 hunting； nosing列车压缩 train running in列车拉伸 train running out列车分离 train separation列车颠覆 train overturning列车动力学 train dynamics列车空气动力学 train aerodynamics机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock纵向振动 longitudinal vibration横向振动 lateral vibration垂向振动 vertical vibration摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration测滚振动 rolling ； vibration测摆振动 swaying； vibration点头振动 pitching； nodding摇头振动 yawing； hunting机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling纵向冲击 longitudinal impact横向冲击 lateral impact垂向冲击 vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control 编组场综合作业自动化automation ofsynthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system 铁路法 railway law铁道法规 railway act铁路条例 railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport； intermode transport 国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway； land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic二、铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway； betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway单位工程 unit project分部工程 part project分项工程 item project预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study项目建议书 proposed task of project 可行性研究 feasibility study设计阶段 design phase； design stage三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计 preliminary design技术设计 technical design扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计 altered design设计概算 apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算 individual approximate estimate综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate； revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算 checking of investment预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget概算定额 rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算 investment estimate估算指标 index of estimate机械台班定额 rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design竣工决算 final accounts of completed project 铁路用地 right-of-way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查 geologic survey经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classification of soil and rock地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map勘探 exploration； prospecting挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring； exploration drilling物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test 原位测试 in situ test静力触探 static sounding； static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验 standard penetration test区域地质 regional geology工程地质 engineering geology不良地质 unfavorable geology特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement； engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey河道调查 river course survey冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey 汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽 main river channel设计流速 design current velocity设计高程；设计标高 design elevation河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river历史洪水位 historic flood level最高水位 highest water level； HWL通航水位 navigation water level； NWL桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径 hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge 桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度 slope of water surface水文测量 hydrological survey泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area洪水频率 flood frequency设计流量 design discharge设计水位 design water level施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷 allowable scour一般冲刷 general scour局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour三、铁路测量 railway survey线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance初测 preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量 traversing； traverse survey光电导线 photoelectric traverse地形测量 topographical survey横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差 mean square error最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error中线测量 center line survey中线桩 center line stake加桩additional stake； plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量 bench mark leveling中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling曲线控制点 curve control point放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route 交点 intersection point副交点 auxiliary intersection point转向角 deflection angle分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth象限角 quadrantal angle经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate断链 broken chain投影断链 projection of broken chain断高 broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段 segment of survey航测选线 aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS 像片索引图 index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location； location of railway route selection平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line线间距 distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布 distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost 纸上定线 paper location of line缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line 拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height； ascent of elevation横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method； cross-section method for location of line展线 extension of line； development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线 overlapping line线路平面图 track plan； line plan线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site站坪坡度 grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve圆曲线 circular curve单曲线 simple curve缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve复曲线 compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves坡度 grade； gradient； slope人字坡 double spur grade限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade 最大坡度 maximum grade临界坡度 critical grade长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade 动力坡度 momentum grade均衡坡度 balanced grade有害地段 harmful district无害地段 harmless district变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade坡段 grade section坡段长度 length of grade section坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线 vertical curve分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段 detouring section； round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method 极限状态设计法 limit state design method 概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method 地震系数法 seismic coefficient method四、路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基 rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft； clay region泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach 滨河路堤 embankment on river bank水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade inkarst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone 路基横断面 subgrade cross-section路基面 subgrade surface； formation路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱 road crown； subgrade crown路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill路堑 cut； road； cutting半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section基床 subgrade bed； formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill临界高度 critical height基底 foundation base； base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚 toe of side slope护道 berm取土坑 borrow pit 路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类 classification of filling material 岩块填料 rock block filler； rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准 compacting criteria相对密度 relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量 optimum moisture content； best moisture content最佳密度 optimum density； best density核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm石灰砂桩 lime sand pile换土 change soil； soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting 路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works挡土墙 retaining wall重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙 guard wall护坡 slope protection； revetment； pitching 排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch边沟；侧沟 side ditch天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch吊沟 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel渗水暗沟 blind drain渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井 leaching well； seepage well渗管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter检查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer 透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护 slope protection护岸 revetment； shore protection导流堤 diversion dike拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands byafforestation挡风墙 wind-break wall防风栅栏 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge 桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load主力 principal load恒载 dead load土压力 earth load静水压力 hydrostatic pressure浮力 buoyancy列车活载 live load of train列车离心力 centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 ceofficient of impact人行道荷载 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load列车制动力 braking force of train列车牵引力 tractive force of train风荷载 wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力 pressure of water flow冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heaving force特殊荷载 particular load船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震级 earthquake magnitude 施工荷载 constructional loading荷载组合 loading conbination铁路桥 railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge； flyover高架桥 viaduct旱桥 dry bridge人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge圬工桥 masonry bridge钢桥 steel bridge铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥 concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge 先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge板桥 slab bridge空心板桥 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I-beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆装式桁架 demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥 arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch双铰拱 two-hinged arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge 尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥 movable bridge竖旋桥 bascule bridge平旋桥 swing bridge升降桥 lift bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge曲线桥 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大桥 super maior bridge大桥 major bridge中桥 medium bridge小桥 minor bridge单线桥 single track bridge双线桥 double track bridge多线桥 multi-track bridge正桥；主桥 main bridge引桥 approach spans上承式桥 deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥 through bridge双层桥 double-deck bridge永久性桥 permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge跨径；跨度 span净跨 clear span桥梁全长 overall length of bridge桥下净空 underneath clearance主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder节间长度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber挠度 deflection节间 panel锚跨；锚孔 anchor span悬跨；吊孔 suspended span桥梁上部结构 superstructure腹板 web plate翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate弦杆 chord member腹杆 web member斜杆 diagonal member竖杆 vertical member吊杆 suspender hanger加劲杆 stiffener节点 panel point节点板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate缀条 lacing bar缀板 stay plate； tie plate侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing横联 sway bracing制动撑架 braking bracing桥门架 portal frame纵梁 stringer横梁 floor beam； transverse beam桥面系 floor system端横梁 end floor beam起重横梁 jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar 箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱顶 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rail of bridge桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板 foot plank避车台 refuge platform伸缩缝 expansion joint正交异性板 orthotropic plate栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing 平板支座 plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocker bearing滚轴支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping颤振 flutter扰流板 spoiler风嘴 wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法 launching method赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork 悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙 closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮 travelling cradle顶进法 jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack 桥梁下部结构 substructure桥台 abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutmentU形桥台 U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身 abutment body前墙 front wall台帽 abutment coping翼墙 wing wall锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking台后填方 filling behind abutment桥墩 pier空心桥墩 hollow pier实体桥墩 solid pier重力式桥墩 gravity pier柔性桥墩 flexible pier拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units制动墩 braking pier柱式桥墩 column pierV形桥墩 V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier圆形桥墩 circular pier矩形桥墩 rectangular pier排架式桥墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台 bearing platform破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade 加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground 桥梁基础 bridge foundation扩大基础 spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson围堰 cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 tubular column foundation 桩基础 pile foundation预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile钻孔桩 bored pile挖孔桩 dug pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile钢板桩 steel sheet pile板桩 sheet pile木桩 timber pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile砂桩 sand pile挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送桩 pile follower试桩 test pile斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物 regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam河床铺砌 river bed paving码头 wharf排架 bent脚手架 scaffold悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold 七、铁路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤积 silting； siltation流冰 ice drift铁路轮渡 railway car ferries轮渡站 ferry station轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge渡轮 ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip八、铁路隧道 railway tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道 single track tunnel双线隧道 double track tunnel多线隧道 multiple track tunnel车站隧道 station tunnel地铁车站 subway station； metro station特长隧道 super long tunnel长隧道 long tunnel 中长隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening隧道进口 tunnel entrance隧道出口 tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡 front slope洞门 tunnel portal洞门框 tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门 end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门 post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门 wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门 bench tunnel portal正洞门 orthonormal tunnel portal； straight tunnel portal斜洞门 skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌 lining拱圈 arch边墙 side wall仰拱 invert； inverted arch底板 floor整体式衬砌 integral lining装配式衬砌 precast lining； prefabricated lining模筑衬砌 moulded lining洞口段衬砌 lining of tunnel portal section 偏压衬砌 unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌 composite lining初期支护 primary support二次衬砌 secondary lining。

1 铁路工程;铁道工程Railway engineering2 铁路建设;铁道建设Railway construction3 铁道;铁路Railroad;Railway;Railroad4 高速铁路;高速铁道High-speed railway;HIGH SPEED RAILWAY5 干线铁路;干线铁道Main-line railway;MAIN LINE RAILWAY;TRUNK RAILWAY6 多线铁路;多线铁道Multiple-line railway;MULTIPLE TRACK RAILWAY7 双线铁路;双线铁道Double line railway;DOUBLE TRACK RAILWAY8 货运铁路;货运铁道Freight railway9 客运铁路;客运铁道Passenger traffic railway10 城市铁路;城市铁道Urban railway11 市郊铁路;市郊铁道Suburban railway12 宽轨铁路;宽轨铁道Broad gange railway;BROAD-GAGE RAILWAY13 窄轨铁路;窄轨铁道Narrow gauge railway;NARROW-GAGE RAILWAY14 轻轨铁路;轻轨铁道Light railway15 重轨铁路;重轨铁道Heavy rail railway16 重载铁路;重载铁道Heavy railway;HEAVY HAUL RAILWAY17 专用铁路;专用铁道Special railway;SPECIAL PURPOSE RAILWAY18 专用线Special line;Private railway;PRIVATE SIDING19 军用铁路;军用铁道Military railway20 缆索铁路;缆索铁道Funicular railway21 高架铁路;高架铁道Elevated railway。

铁路专业英语词汇elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular (railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office, booking office售票处junction枢纽站rail and water terminal水陆联运站platform bridge天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office, information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left-luggage office 行李暂存处platform-ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric) platform truck站台车platform tunnel站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station-master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator自动扶梯The train leaves the station at..., The train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站to have one's ticket punched（给检票员）检票10 minutes behind schedule晚点十分钟to change trains at... 在（某地）换车The train is due at... 在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车pantry 餐车食品室open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车carriage, coach, car 车厢roof车顶concertina walls （车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷step; foot board （车厢门口的）踏板gangway （车厢的）通道lidded ashtray带盖烟灰盒tank wagon罐车mixed train 混合列车freight train, goods train 货物列车engine, locomotive 机车window seat 靠窗座位coach, passenger train客车express train, express 快车refrigerator wagon 冷藏车car attendant; train attendant 列车员guard, conductor 列车长slow train, way train 慢车covered wagon van, box car 棚车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车up train 上行车livestock wagon牲畜车sleeping car, sleeper 卧车down train 下行车luggage van, baggage car 行李车rack, baggage rack 行李架sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车ordinary seat 硬席carriage with semicushioned seats硬座车mail car 邮政车mail and luggage van 邮政行李车through train直达车special train 专车pointsman, switchman 道岔工人signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号semaphore signal, home signal臂板信号warehouse 仓库siding, sidetrack侧线，旁轨turnout 岔道weighing machine 秤重机derailing （火车）出轨single line (track) rail 单线points, switches 道岔switch lock, point lock 道岔锁wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）marshalling yard, shunting yard调车场dispatching 调度dispatcher 调度员crossover 渡线，转线轨道rail 钢轨track轨道sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕rail chair轨座buffer stop, bumping post 缓冲桩goods shed, freight depot货棚goods station 货运站，货站container 集装箱locomotive (engine) shed 机车库station warning sign 进站预告标clearance 净空(signal) gantry （铁路上支持信号装置的）跨线桥barrier （道口）拦路木section 路段reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）bell and whistle sign, whistle sign鸣笛预告标platform car, flat car 平车grade crossing, level crossing（道路与铁路的）平面交叉track-laying machine, tracklayer铺轨机double line (track) rail 双线volume of railway freight 铁路货运量railway connections 铁路交叉点，铁路联络线railway warning sign 铁路警告标志railway clearance铁路净空railroad bed 铁路路基railway curve 铁路曲线（弯道）railway tunnel 铁路隧道railway line, railroad line 铁路线stop sign(al) 停车标志（信号）danger sign(al) 危险标志（信号）unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口signal light (lamp) 信号灯signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房signalman 信号员wing rail (of frog) 翼轨distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机back-turning section 折返段frog 辙叉，岔心turn-table 车台，旋车盘point (box), switch (box) 转辙器switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号来源：HAO360英语学习网。

铁路-专业词汇(中英对照版) elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular (railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office, booking office售票处junction枢纽站rail and water terminal水陆联运站platform bridge天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office, information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left-luggage office 行李暂存处platform-ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric) platform truck站台车platform tunnel站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station-master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator自动扶梯The train leaves the station at..., The train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站to have one's ticket punched（给检票员）检票10 minutes behind schedule晚点十分钟to change trains at... 在（某地）换车The train is due at... 在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车pantry 餐车食品室open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车carriage, coach, car 车厢roof车顶concertina walls （车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷step; foot board （车厢门口的）踏板gangway （车厢的）通道lidded ashtray带盖烟灰盒tank wagon罐车mixed train 混合列车freight train, goods train 货物列车engine, locomotive 机车window seat 靠窗座位coach, passenger train客车express train, express 快车refrigerator wagon 冷藏车car attendant; train attendant 列车员guard, conductor 列车长slow train, way train 慢车covered wagon van, box car 棚车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车up train 上行车livestock wagon牲畜车sleeping car, sleeper 卧车down train 下行车luggage van, baggage car 行李车rack, baggage rack 行李架sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车ordinary seat 硬席carriage with semicushioned seats硬座车mail car 邮政车mail and luggage van 邮政行李车through train直达车special train 专车pointsman, switchman 道岔工人signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号semaphore signal, home signal臂板信号warehouse 仓库siding, sidetrack侧线，旁轨turnout 岔道weighing machine 秤重机derailing （火车）出轨single line (track) rail 单线points, switches 道岔switch lock, point lock 道岔锁wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）marshalling yard, shunting yard调车场dispatching 调度dispatcher 调度员crossover 渡线，转线轨道rail 钢轨track轨道sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕rail chair轨座buffer stop, bumping post 缓冲桩goods shed, freight depot货棚goods station 货运站，货站container 集装箱locomotive (engine) shed 机车库station warning sign 进站预告标clearance 净空(signal) gantry （铁路上支持信号装置的）跨线桥barrier （道口）拦路木section 路段reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）bell and whistle sign, whistle sign鸣笛预告标platform car, flat car 平车grade crossing, level crossing（道路与铁路的）平面交叉track-laying machine, tracklayer铺轨机double line (track) rail 双线volume of railway freight 铁路货运量railway connections 铁路交叉点，铁路联络线railway warning sign 铁路警告标志railway clearance铁路净空railroad bed 铁路路基railway curve 铁路曲线（弯道）railway tunnel 铁路隧道railway line, railroad line 铁路线stop sign(al) 停车标志（信号）danger sign(al) 危险标志（信号）unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口signal light (lamp) 信号灯signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房signalman 信号员wing rail (of frog) 翼轨distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机back-turning section 折返段frog 辙叉，岔心turn-table 车台，旋车盘point (box), switch (box) 转辙器switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号。

铁路英语专业词汇铁路英语专业词汇铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance； revenue length列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway； railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge 桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance； bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities 接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类 kinds of traction； category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction。

铁路专业词汇(中英对照版)机车locomotive机车种类types of locomotive蒸汽机车steam locomotive内燃机车；曾用名"柴油机车" diesel locomotive电力机车electric locomotive燃气轮机车gasturbine locomotive动车组motor train unit；motor train set动车motot car拖车trailer铁路干线机车railway trunk line locomotive工矿机车industrial and mining locomotive客运机车passenger locomotive货运机车freight locomotive；goods locomotive调车机车shunting locomotive；switcher小运转机车locomotive for district transfer；transfer locomotive train路用机车locomotive of service train；service locomotives配属机车allocated locomotive非配属机车un-allocated locomotive支配机车disposal locomotive非支配机车un-disposal locomotive运用机车locomotive in operation检修机车locomotive under repairing备用机车locomotive in reserve封存机车locomotive stored up待修机车locomotive waiting for repair机车出租leased locomotive机车报废locomotive retirement机车储备locomotive reservation；locomotive storage机车整备locomotive servicing；locomotive running preparation机车整备能力locomotive service capacity机车技术规范locomotive technical specification转向架中心bogie pivot center转向架中心距离distance between bogie pivot centers；bogie pivot pitch机车全轴距locomotive total wheel base机车转向架轴距locomotive wheel base of bogie机车固定轴距locomotive rigid wheel base机车长度locomotive overall length机车宽度locomotive width机车高度locomotive height机车计算重量calcuated weight of locomotive机车整备重量locomotive service weight机车重量locomotive weight机车粘着重量locomotive adhesive weight 轴重转移；轴荷载转移axle load transfer粘着重量利用系数adhesive weight utility factor机车重量分配weight distribution of locomotive轮对横动量lateral play of wheel set机车噪声locomotive noise热值；发热量heat value机车万吨公里能耗energy consumption per 10；000 t-km of locomotive机车用煤coal for locomotive机车用柴油diesel oil for locomotive机车用电electricity for locomotive机车用换算煤converted coal for locomotive标准煤standard coal机车用润滑剂lubricant for locomotive给水water supply水鹤water crane给水处理water [supply] treatment炉内软水water softened in boiler炉外软水water softened out of boiler软水water softened净水water purified机务段locomotive depot机车运用段locomotive running depot机车检修段locomotive repair depot机车折返段locomotive turnaround depot列车无线电调度系统train radio dispatching system机车监控记录装置locomotive supervise and record apparatus 机车故障locomotive failure机车牵引特性locomotive tractive characteristic机车效率total locomotive efficiency机车轮周效率efficiency of locomotive at wheel rim机车传动功率transmission efficiency of locomotive机车牵引特性曲线locomotive tractive characteristic curve机车轮周功率曲线locomotive power curve at wheel rim机车牵引力曲线locomotive tractive effort curve机车预期牵引特性曲线predetermined tractive characteristic curve of locomotive机车功率locomotive power轮周功率output power at wheel rim比功率power/weight ratio比重量weight/power ratio单位体积功率specific volume power机车牵引力locomotive teractive effort轮周牵引力tractive effort at wheel rim车钩牵引力tractive effort at coupler；drawbar pull起动牵引力stsrting tractive effort粘着牵引力adhesive tractive effort持续牵引力continuous tractive effort基本阻力basic resistance运行阻力running resistance惰行阻力idle runing resistance；coasting resistance起动阻力starting resistance附加阻力additional resistance坡道阻力gradient resistance曲线阻力curve resistance空气阻力air resistance单位阻力unit resistance；specific resistance换算阻力；加算阻力converted resistance速度控制系统speed control system加速acceleration减速deceleration恒速constant speed加速力acceleration force减速力deceleration force列车制动train braking制动方式brake mode空气制动air brake真空制动vacuum brake动力制动dynamic brake液力制动hydraulic brake电阻制动rheostatic brake再生制动regenerative brake电空制动electropneumatic brake蓄能制动energy-storing brake涡流制动eddy current brake磁轨制动electromagnetic rail brake踏面制动tread brake盘型制动disc brake机车制动周期locomotive braking period机车制动距离locomotive braking distance机车每轴闸瓦作用力brake shoe force per axle of locomotive 制动braking常用制动service braking；service application最大常用制动；常用全制动full servive braking；full service application阶段制动graduated application自然制动unintended braking；undesired braking紧急制动emergency braking；emergency application意外紧急制动undesirable emergency braking；UDE缓解release直接缓解；一次缓解direct release阶段缓解graduated release自然缓解unintended release；undesired release漏泄leakage充风；充气charging阶段提升graduated increasing保持位suppression；maintaining position；holding position 制动管减压量brake pipe pressure reduction 过量减压over reduction局部减压local reduction分段减压split reduction最大常用减压full servive reduction常用局减quick service紧急局减quick action前后风压差false gradient列车管压差train pipe pressure gradient保压停车stopping at maintaining position缓解停车stopping at release缓解波速release propagation rate制动波速braking propagation rate机车制动机locomotive brake gear空气压缩机air compressor调压器pressure regulator给风阀feed valve减压阀reducing valve机车分配阀locomotive distributing valve切换阀transfer valve自动制动阀automatic brake valve单独制动阀independent brake valve滤尘止回阀strainer check valve机车紧急放风阀locomotive emergency vent valve高压保安阀high pressure safety valve低压保安阀low pressure safety valve无载起动电空阀no-load starting electropneumatic valve 油水分离器oil-water separator总风缸main air reservoir空气干燥器air dryer撒砂装置sanding device砂箱sand box撒砂阀sanding valve撒砂器sandingsprayer紧急撒砂emergency sanding自动撒砂automatic sanding间隙效应slack actionL/V比值L/V ratio弓网关系pantograph-contact line relation机车牵引区段locomotive tractive district机车交路locomotive routing单肩回交路single-arm routing双肩回交路double-arm routing半循环交路semi-loop routing循环交路loop routing环形交路circular routing短交路short routing长交路long routing直通交路through routing机车乘务制度locomotive crew working system机车包乘制system of assigning crew to designated locomotive 机车轮乘制locomotive crew pooling system机车随乘制locomotive caboose crew system机车乘务组locomotive crew司机driver副司机assisant driver指导司机driver instructor司炉fireman机车运用指标index of locomotive operation机车出入段作业preparation of locomotive for leaving and arriving at depot机车全周转complete turnround of locomotive机车在段停留时间detention time of locomotive at depot机车全周转距离diatance of one complete turnround of locomotive机车全周转时间period of one complete turnround of locomotive机车走行公里locomotive running kilometers换算走行公里converted running kilometers沿线走行公里running kilometers on the road辅助走行公里auxiliary running kilometers本务走行公里leading locomotive running kilometers单机走行公里light locomotive running kilometers重联机车走行公里multi-locomotive running kilometers机车日车公里average daily locomotive running kilometers机车平均牵引总重average gross weight hauled by locomotive 机车日产量average daily output of locomotive运用机车台数number of locomotive in service机车需要系数coefficient of locomotives requirment单机运行light locomotive running双机牵引；双机重联牵引double locomotive traction多机牵引multi-locomotive traction主机；本务机车leading locomotive机车超重牵引traction for train exceed mass norm机车调度命令locomotive diapatching order机务段运行揭示running service-bulletin of depot司机运转保单driver’s service-report；driver’s log司机室driver’s cab司机操纵台driver’s desk司机模拟操纵装置simulator for driver train-handling优化操纵optimum handling；optimum optimum operation机车自动操纵automatic locomotive operation机车保养locomotive maintenance机车检修locomotive inspection and repair机车检修修程classification of locomotive repair机车大修locomotive overhaul [repair]；locomotive general overhaul架修intermediate repair定修periodical repair；light repair 蒸汽机车洗修steam locomotive boiler washout repair机车厂修locomotive repair in works机车段修locomotive repair in depot日常检查routine inspection机车临修locomotive temporary repair定期检修repair based on time or running kilometers状态检修repair based on condition of component换件大修component exchange repair配件互换修repair with interchangeable component预防维修制preventive maintenance system检修周期period of inspection and repair月检monthly inspection定检公里running kilometers between predetermined repairs 定检时间time between predetermined repairs检修范围scope of repairing course；scope of repair超范围修理repair beyond the scope of repairing course检修停时standing time under repair集中化修理；集中修centralization of repair检修基本技术条件fundamental technical requirements for repair and inspection检修工艺规程technological regulations for repair and inspection检修作业程序repair procedure；shop program磨耗限度limit of wear检修限度locomotive repair limit第一限度1st limit第二限度2nd limit使用限度operation limit中间工艺检验intermediate inspection at the technological process转向设备turning facilities转盘turntable机务设备通过能力carrying capacity of locomotive facilities 机车专用设备special equipment for locomotive operation机车验收acceptance of locomotive机车试运转locomotive trial run形式试验type test性能试验performance test鉴定试验homologation test出厂试验predelivery test制动试验brake test牵引试验traction test负载试验loaded test；load test牵引热工试验traction and thermodynamique de traction定置试验stationary test；test at standstill动力学试验dynamics test强度试验strength test运用试验service test；operation test耐久性试验durability test可靠性试验reliability test例行试验routine test特殊试验special test研究性试验investigation test抽样试验sampling test模拟试验analogue test机车履历簿locomotive logbook直流电力机车DC electric locomotive单向交流电力机车single-phase AC electric locomotive单相工频交流电力机车single-phase industrial frequency AC electric locomotive双电压制电力机车dual voltage electric locomotive双频率制电力机车dual frequency electric locomotive多电流制电力机车multiple system electric locomotive硅整流器电力机车silicon rectifier electric locomotive晶闸管整流器电力机车thyristor rectifier electric locomotive经闸管变流器电力机车thyristor converter electric locomotive 电动车组electric multiple unit；motor coach set；electric motor train unit单相交流电动车组single-phase industrial frequency AC motor train unit地下铁道电动车组subway motor train unit电流制current system直流制DC system单相工频交流制single-phase industrial frequency AC system 单相低频交流制single-phase low frequency AC system受电弓标称电压nominal voltage at pantograph调压方式voltage regulation mode高压侧调压high voltage regulation低压侧调压low voltage regulation分级调压stepped voltage regulation无级调压stepless voltage regulation相控调压phase control斩波调压chopper control变阻调压rheostatric control整流方式mode of rectification牵引变流器traction convertor牵引逆变器traction invertor牵引变频器traction frequency convertor可调牵引变频器variable frequency convertor直流斩波器DC chopper单相桥式整流器single-phase bridge rectifier三相桥式整流器three-phase bridge rectifier可控桥式整流器controlled bridge rectifier对称半控桥式整流器symmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier 非对称半控桥式整流器asymmetric half-controlled bridge rectifier多段桥[联结] bridges in cascade；multi rectifier bridge硅整流装置silicon rectifier device 晶闸管整流装置thyristor rectifier device励磁整流装置excitation rectifier device电力传动方式mode of electric drive直流传动DC drive交-直流传动AC-DC drive交-直-交流传动AC-DC-AC drive调速方式mode of speed control变压调速variable voltage speed control变频调速variable frequency speed control变极调速pole changing speed control车轴驱动方式mode of axle drive弹性齿轮驱动resilient gear drive刚性齿轮驱动solid gear drive单侧减速齿轮驱动single reduction gear drive双侧减速齿轮驱动double reduction gear drive单电动机驱动monomotor drive车轴空心轴驱动quill drive；hollow axle drive电机空心轴驱动hollow shaft motor drive万向轴驱动cardan shaft drive直接驱动gearless drive；direct drive独立驱动individual drive组合驱动coupled axle drive连杆驱动rod drive组合传动机车coupled axle drive locomotive独立传动机车individual drive locomotive齿轨[传动]机车；齿条传动机车rack locomotive牵引电动机供电制式traction motor power supply system 机车集中供电locomotive centralized power supply转向架独立供电bogie individual power supply电动机独立供电motor individual power supply主电路power circuit；main circuit高压电路high voltage circuit；high tension circuit低压电路low voltage circuit；low tension circuit网侧电路circuit on side of overhead contact line牵引电路traction circuit制动电路braking circuit滤波电路filter circuit辅助电路auxiliary circuit列车供电电路power supply circuit for train控制电路control circuit控制电源control source蓄电池电路battery circuit指令电路command circuit照明电路lighting circuit仪表电路instrument circuit联锁电路interlocking circuit信号电路signal circuit起动电路starting circuit保护电路protective circuit电子控制电路electronic control circuit电空制动电路electropneumatic brake ciucuit；E-P brake circuit 防空转防滑行保护电路anti-slip/slide protection circuit音频通讯电路audio communication circuit电连接器electric coupler自动电连接器electric automatic coupler机车重联电连接器multi-locomotive electrc coupler牵引电动机traction motor直流牵引电动机DC traction motor脉流牵引电动机pulsating current traction motor交流牵引电动机AC traction motor单向交流牵引电动机single-phase AC traction motor三相交流牵引电动机three phase AC traction motor抱轴式牵引电动机axle hung traction motor；nose suspension traction motor架承式牵引电动机frame mounted traction motor转向架架承式牵引电动机bogie mounted traction motor底架架承式牵引电动机underframe mounted traction motor串励电动机series excited motor并励电动机shunt excited motor复励电动机compound excied motor他励电动机separately excited motor同步电动机synchronous motor异步电动机asynchronous motor交流换向器电动机alternating current commutator motor全封闭式电动机totally-enclosed motor通风式电动机ventilated motor自通风式电动机self-ventilated motor强迫通风式电动机force ventilated motor直线电动机；线性电动机linear motor直线同步电动机linear synchronous motor直线异步电动机；直线感应电动机linear asynchronous motor；linear induction motor电动机转速motor speed电动机超速runaway speed电动机特性motor characteristic电动机转矩；电动机扭矩motor torque启动转矩starting torque峰值转矩peak torque制动转矩braking torque最大输出功率maximum output启动电流starting current峰值电流peak current标称电压nominal voltage变压器电势transformer EMF片间平均电压mean voltage between segments片间最高电压maximum voltage between segments消弱磁场weakened field最大磁场maximum field 最小磁场minimum field磁场消弱率field weakening磁场消弱系数coefficient of field weakening恒功调速比speed ratio on constant power转向器commutator换向片commutator segment电枢线圈armature coil均压线equalizer；cable bond转轴shaft定子stator转子rotor主极铁心mainpole core主极线圈mainpole coil换向极铁心interpole core换相极线圈interpole coil补偿线圈compensating coil机座frame铸造机座cast frame焊接机座welding frame半叠片机座semi-laminated frame全叠片机座full-laminated frame电刷装置brush gear刷握brush-holder刷盒brush box电刷brush端盖end shield抱轴悬挂装置suspension bearing主发电机main generator直流主发电机DC main generator交流主发电机main alternator辅助发电机auxiliary generator直流辅助发电机DC auxiliary generator直流启动发电机DC starting generator；dynastarter 直流控制发电机DC control generator直流励磁机DC exciter劈相机Arno converter；phase splitter辅助电动机auxiliary motor直流辅助电动机DC quxiliary motor异步辅助电动机asynchronous auxiliary motor空压机电动机air compressor motor通风机电动机blower motor泵电动机pump motor控制电机control electric machine自整角机synchro测速发电机tachogenerator机车牵引变压器traction transformer of locomotive心式牵引变压器core-type traction transformer壳式牵引变压器shell-type traction transformer自藕牵引变压器traction autotransformer调压牵引变压器regulating traction transformer分接牵引变压器tapped traction transformer油浸式牵引变压器oil-immersed type traction transformer 整流变压器rectifier transformer电源变压器supply transformer隔离变压器；绝缘变压器isolating transformer同步变压器synchronous transformer脉冲变压器pulse transformer控制变压器control transformer信号变压器signal transformer励磁变压器excitation transformer高压绕组high voltage winding；high tension winding低压绕组low voltage winding；low tension winding调压绕组regulating winding励磁绕组excitation winding辅助绕组auxiliary winding列车供电绕组train coach supply winding自然循环natural circulation强迫循环forced circulation强迫导向循环forced guided circulation牵引电抗器traction tractor平波电抗器smoothing reactor过渡电抗器transition reactor接地电抗器earthing reactor；grounding reactor制动电抗器braking reactor分流电抗器divert shunt reactor；inductive shunt滤波电抗器filter reactor均流电抗器sharing reactor限流电抗器inductive reactor；current limiting reactor 换相电抗器commutation reactor起动电阻器staring resistor制动电阻器braking resistor过渡电阻器transistion resistor分流电阻器divert shunt resistor；shunting resistor稳定电阻器stabilizing resistor调节电阻器regulating resistor制动电阻柜braking resistor cubicle制动电阻元件braking resistor grid非线性电阻器non-linear resistor滤波电容器filter capacitor换相电容器commutating capacitor保护电容器protective capacitor起动电容器starting capacitor补偿电容器compensation capacitor主断路器line circuit-breaker真空主断路器line vacuum circuit-breaker空气主断路器line air-blast circuit-breaker直流高速断路器DC high speed circuit-breaker受电器current collector 受电弓pantograph单臂受电弓single arm pantograph双臂受电弓double arm pantograph弓头pantograph bow受电弓滑板pantograph pan弓角pantograph horn受电弓气缸pantograph cylinder支持绝缘子supporting insulator第三轨受电器conductor rail collector受电靴装置shoegear集电靴collector shoe电磁接触器electromagnetic contactor直流接触器DC contactor交流接触器AC contactor电空接触器electropneumatic contactor组合接触器grouping contactor线路接触器line contactor磁场削弱接触器field weakening contactor制动接触器braking contactor励磁接触器excitation contactor辅助接触器auxiliary contactor调压开关tap changer低压调压开关low voltage tap changer；low tension tap changer高压调压开关high voltage tap changer；high tension tap changer位置转换开关position changeover switch鼓形位置转换开关drum position changeover switch凸轮位置转换开关cam position changeover switch牵引-制动位转换开关power/brake changeover switch反向器reverser电流制转换开关current system changeover switch主电路库用转换开关main circuit transfer switch for shed supply辅助电路库用转换开关auxiliary circuit transfer switch for shed supply短路器short-circuiting device接地开关earthing switch牵引电动机隔离开关traction motor isolating switch受电弓隔离开关pantograph isolating switch主整流柜隔离开关isolating switch for main silicon rectifier cubicle劈相机故障隔离开关fault isolating switch for phase splitter控制电源隔离开关isolating switch for control supply司机控制器driver controller调车控制器shunting controller电空制动控制器E-P brake controller按键开关button switch；key switch自复式按键开关self-reset push-key switch非自复式按键开关non-self-reset push-key switch主按键开关组main button switch group；main key switch set 副按键开关组secondary push-key switch group；secondary key switch set电磁阀electromagnetic valve电空阀clectropneumatic valve电液阀electro-hydraulic valve保护阀protective valve受电弓电空阀pantograph valve防空转撒沙电空阀anti-slip sanding valve防空转防滑行保护装置anti-slip/slide protection device轴重转移补偿装置axle load transfer compensation device功率因数补偿装置power factor compensation device电压继电器voltage relay电流继电器current relay时间继电器time relay中间继电器intermediate relay速度继电器speed relay温度继电器temperature relay压力继电器pressure relay欠电压继电器under-voltage relay过电流继电器over-current relay转速继电器tachometric relay流速继电器flow relay接地继电器earth fault relay风压继电器air pressure relay油压继电器oil-pressure relay起动继电器starting relay主电路库用插座main circuit socket for shed supply辅助电路库用插座auxiliary circuit socket for shed supply控制电路库用插座control circuit socket for shed supply重联插座multiple unit socket印制电路板插座printed circuit board socket电压调整器voltage regulator温度调整器temperature regulator位置指示器notch indicator数字显示器digital display司机室取暖电炉driver’s cab electric heater司机室热风装置driver’s cab air heater司机室空调装置driver’s cab air conditioner电热玻璃electric heating glass电测仪表electrical measuring instrument牵引电机电压表traction motor voltmeter牵引电机电流表traction motor ammeter励磁电流表excitation ammeter网侧电压表voltmeter on side of overhead contact line；overhead side voltmeter辅助电路电压表auxiliary circuit voltmeter控制电源电压表control supply voltmeter 控制电源电流表control supply ammeter机车速度表locomotive speedometer单相电度表single-phase wat-hour meter速度记录仪tachograph传感器sensor；transducer电压传感器voltage sensor电流传感器current sensor压力传感器pressure sensor速度传感器speed sensor温度传感器temperature sensor直流电流互感器DC current transformer阀形避雷器valve type arrester放电器discharger轮缘喷油器flange lubricator接地安全棒earthing pole接地回流电刷earth return brush前照灯head lamp；head light副前照灯subhead lamp；dim head light标志灯marker lamp走行部灯bogie lamp车号灯side number plate lamp路签灯train staff lamp记事灯writing lamp照明灯illuminating lamp指示灯indicator lamp风喇叭air horn高音风喇叭high tone air horn低音风喇叭low tone air horn警笛siren警惕装置vigilance device机车组装后的检查与试验inspection and test of locomotive after completion of construction一般性检查general inspection称重试验weighing test压缩空气设备全面的气密性试验test for over-all air-tightness of compressed air equipments车体及外部装备密封试验test for sealing of body and external equipment受电弓试验pantograph test介电强度试验dielectric test事故预防措施的检查checks for prevention of accidents安全设备试验test on safety equipments蓄电池充电系统试验checks of battery charging-arrangement 通风冷却试验test on ventilation and cooling空气制动试验test on air brake曲线通过实验curve negotiation test机车振动参数测试measurements of vibration parameters辅助机组试验test on auxiliary machines机车调速试验test on speed regulation主电路短路保护系统试验test on short-circuit protection system of main circuit主电路过载保护系统试验test on overload protection system of main circuit内部过电压试验test on internal overvoltage外部过电试验test on external overvoltage机车功率试验locomotive [traction] power test机车功率因数测定measurment of power factor机车效率测定measurement of efficiency of locomotive谐波电流百分比测定measurement of percentage of harmonic current起动加速试验starting and acceleration test运行阻力试验test for running resistance电气制动试验electric braking test滤尘效果试验test on filter efficiency撒沙装置试验test on sanding gear重联运行试验test on coupled operation；test on multi unit operation司机室工作条件检查check on working conditions in the driver’s cab4。

铁路专用英语专业词汇中英对照翻译----铁路工程词汇线路工程railway line engineering铁路勘测;铁道勘测railway reconnaissance铁路选线;铁道选线railway route selection;railway location;approximate railway location;location of railway route selection经济勘察economic investigation地质调查geological survey;geologic survey方案比较project comparison铁路勘探;铁道勘探railway exploration铁路测量;铁道测量railway survey线路测量route survey;profile survey;longitudinal survey曲线测量curve survey既有线测量survey of existing line;survey of existing railway铁路线路图;铁道线路图railway map定线location of line铁路设计;铁道设计railway design线路设计track design平面设计plane design纵断面设计longitudinal section design横断面设计transverse section design曲线设计curve design车站设计station design站场设计design of stations and yards标准设计standard design线路等级line grade铁路限界;铁道限界railway clearance建筑限界construction clearance设计规范code of design设计标准design standard铁路线路;铁道线路railway line铁路曲线;铁道曲线railway curve缓和曲线transition curve;easement curve;spiral transition curve小半径曲线small-radius curve曲线半径curve radius曲线超高superelevation on curve;cant;elevation of curve欠超高inadequate superelevation;deficient superelevation未被平衡加速度unbalanced acceleration竖曲线vertical curve坡道gradient坡度grade;gradient;slope限制坡度ruling grade;limiting grade坡度折减grade compensation;compensation of gradient;gradient compensation避难线refuge siding;catch siding双线插入段double track interpolation铁路连接线;铁道连接线railway connecting line隧道内线路line in tunnel桥头引线bridge approach站线siding站线长度length of station line铁路标志;铁道标志railway sign警冲标fouling point indicator;fouling post线路中心线track center line;central lines of track线间距离;线间距distance between centres of lines;distance between centers of tracks;midway between tracks线路试验;线路实验track test;road test;running test路基subgrade铁路路基;路基;铁道路基railway subgrade;subgrade软土路基soft soil subgrade沙漠路基desert subgrade冻土路基permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床subgrade bed路堤embankment;fill高路堤high-fill embankment路堑cut;road cutting深路堑deep cutting路肩road shoulder;subgrade shoulder边坡side slope护坡revetment;slope protection;pitching路基滑动subgrade slip滑坡防治landslide preventive treatment路基排水subgrade drainage塑料排水板plastic drainage board路基加固subgrade strengthening土工织物geotextile挡土墙;挡墙retaining walls锚定板anchor plate锚杆anchor bolt抗滑桩antiskid pile;anti-slide pile;counter-sliding pile加筋土reinforced earth植被vegetation路基防护subgrade protection防护工程protective engineering防护林protection forest防沙sand proof固沙stabilization of sand输导砂sediment transport路侧建筑物roadside structure排水沟weeper drain;weep drain;drainage ditch;drain ditch挡风墙wind-shield wall;wind-break wall隔声墙sound-proof wall防雪栅snow fence;snow guard轨道理论track theory轨道设计track design轨道参数track parameter轨距track gauge;rail gage;rail gauge轨距加宽track gauge widening轨底坡cant of rail;rail cant轨道力学track dynamics;track mechanics轨道强度track strength轨道阻力track resistance道床阻力trackbed resistance;ballast resistance 扣固力fastening force钢轨应力rail stress轨道承载力track bearing capacity轨道稳定性track stability;stability of track轨道试验;轨道实验track test轮轨关系wheel-rail interaction;wheel-rail relation 轮轨动力学wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力wheel-rail force轮轨接触wheel-rail contact接触应力contact stress轨道结构track structure轨道track铁路轨道;轨道;铁道轨道railway track;track线路上部建筑;轨道track superstructure;track重型轨道heavy track宽轨枕轨道broad sleeper track板式轨道slab track;slab-track整体道床轨道monolithic roadbed track防振轨道anti-vibration track高架轨道elevated track无缝线路jointless line;continuously welded rail track;jointless track桥上轨道结构bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构track structure in tunnel钢轨steel rail重型钢轨heavy rail长钢轨long rail焊接长钢轨long welded rail缩短轨shortened rail;standard shortened rail;fabricated short rail used on curves;standard curtailed rail 热处理钢轨heat-treated rail合金钢轨alloy steels rail旧钢轨used rail钢轨钢rail steel钢轨螺栓孔rail bolt hole轨缝rail gap;joint gap钢轨焊缝rail welding seam钢轨接头rail joint异型接头compromise joint伸缩接头expansion joint焊接接头welding joint;welded joint绝缘接头track section insulator;insulated joint胶接接头adhesive joint鱼尾板fish plate鱼尾螺栓fish bolt扣件fastening;rail fastening弹性扣件elastic fastening;elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件separated fastening;separated rail fastening;indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件clip fastening刚性扣件rigid fastening垫圈ring道钉spike;track spike;rail spike;dog spike螺纹道钉threading spike;screw spike垫板tie-plate;tie plate橡胶垫板rubber tie-plate;rubber tie plate防爬器anticreeper;anti-creeper;rail anchor轨距拉杆gauge tie rod轨下基础underrail foundation;sub-rail foundation;sub-rail track bed轨枕sleeper;tie;cross tie木枕wooden sleeper;wooden tie混凝土枕;砼枕concrete sleeper;concrete tie轨枕板;宽轨枕sleeper slab;broad sleeper钢枕steel sleeper;steel tie合成轨枕composite sleeper纵向轨枕longitudinal tie岔枕points sleeper;switch tie;turnout tie桥枕bridge tie;bridge sleeper轨排track panel;track skeleton枕下胶垫rubber pad under sleeper道床track bed;ballast bed碎石道床ballast bed整体道床monolithic track bed;solid bed;integrated ballast bed;monolithic concrete bed 沥青道床bituminous raodbed;asphalt roadbed;asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床asbestos ballast道碴ballast道床覆盖ballast cover轨道附属设备track auxiliary equipment钢轨涂油器rail lubricator融雪器snow melter复轨器replacer;re-railer;rerailing device脱轨器derailer车挡bumper;bumper post道岔switch;point;turnout;switches and crossings单开道岔single point;simple turnout;lateral turnout双开道岔double turnout三开道岔three-throw turnout;symmetrical three throw turnout;three-way turnout 交分道岔slip switch高速道岔high-speed switch切线型道岔tangent turnout道岔设计turnout design过岔速度switch crossing speed辙叉frog;crossing整铸辙叉integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉manganese steel frog crossing焊接辙叉welding frog crossing组合辙叉combined frog;assembled frog可动心轨辙叉movable point frog;movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉movable wing rails;movable-wing frog尖轨switch point;point tongue;switch rail;tongue rail;blade滑床板slide chair;slide plate;switch plate基本轨stock rail翼轨wing rail护轮轨guard rail导曲线curve of turnout;lead curve道岔附带曲线curve following turnout branch line交叉crossing渡线track cross-over;crossover通过道岔passing switch铁路道口;铁道道口railway crossing平交道口level crossing道口板crossing slab道口路面crossing road surface立体交叉;立交grade separation线路施工track construction石方工程rock excavation土方工程earthwork填方filling挖方cutting土方调拨mass dispatching线路施工机械track construction machinery and equipment 轨道施工track construction轨道工程track construction轨道铺设track laying铺碴ballasting轨枕铺设sleeper laying铺轨rail-laying轨排组装track panel assembling轨排装运track panel loading轨排基地track panel base钢轨焊接rail welding钢轨热处理rail heat treatment钢轨铺设rail laying钢轨锁定rail locking道岔铺设switch laying轨道施工机械track construction machinery铺轨列车tracklaying train;track laying train铺轨机rail-laying machine;track laying machine钢轨焊接车rail welding car焊轨机steel rails weldeding mill;rail welding machine轨排组装机track panel assembling machine轨排运送车track panel transport car铺枕机sleeper-laying machine铺碴车ballasting car铺碴机ballasting machine铺道岔机turnout-laying machine焊接长钢轨运送车welding long rails transport car动力稳定车dynamic track stabilizer线路状态track state路基病害subgrade defect沉降settlement坍方落石;危石collapse rock翻浆冒泥frost boiling;mud-pumping路基壅水subgrade water damming路基渗流subgrade seepage flow路基冲刷subgrade erosion振动液化vibration liquifaction冻融freezing and thawing冻胀frost heaving冻害freezing damage;frost heaving雪害snow damage;snow blockade;snow drift沙害sand damage轨道状态track condition轨道变形track deformation;track disorder;track distortion 轨道不平顺track irregularity低接头depression of joint三角坑warp;twist钢轨爬行rail creeping涨轨跑道;钢轨鼓曲buckled track;rail buckle钢轨疲劳rail fatigue钢轨伤损rail failure;rail defects and failures钢轨断裂rail fracture钢轨裂纹rail crack;rail crackes轨头剥离rail head shelling;gage line shelly cracks钢轨锈蚀rail bubble;rail corrosion钢轨磨耗rail wearing波形磨耗;波浪磨耗undulatory wear螺孔裂纹bolt hole crack辙叉伤损;辙叉损伤frog failure木枕开裂wooden sleeper cracking轨枕伤损;轨枕伤损sleeper damage道床脏污ballast contamination线路养护track maintenance线路维修track maintenance;maintenance of track日常维修routine maintenance;current maintenance状态修repairing on condition;repair according to condition巡回检查inspection tour轨道检测机具track detection equipment道尺track gauge轨道检测track detection灾害检测装置disaster detector超声波探伤仪ultrasonic flaw detector钢轨探伤车rail detecting car;rail flaw detection car轨道检查车;轨检车track inspection car;track recording car 高速轨道检查车;高速轨检车high-speed track inspection car 养路作业track maintenance operation起道track lifting;raising of track垫碴起道ballast filling track lifting改道track realigning;gage correction;gaging of track拨道track lining捣固tamping除草weeding除草剂herbicide除雪snow clearing防冻anti-freezing融雪snow melt融雪剂snow melt agent钢轨加热rail heating钢轨打磨rail grinding钢轨矫直straightening of kinked rail 钢轨更换rail replace钢轨探伤rail detecting钢轨焊补rail repairing welding轨缝调整rail gap adjusting应力放散stress-relieving钢轨温度rail temperature钢轨涂油rail lubrication轨枕更换sleeper replacement扣件作业fastening operation轨枕修补sleeper mending枕木防腐timber sleeper treating道岔养护switch maintenance道岔更换switch replacement辙叉焊补frog welding and repairing 道床作业ballast operation道碴清筛ballast screening道碴更换ballast replacement道床整形ballast trimming曲线养护curved track maintenance线路管理系统track management system养路组织track maintenance organization养路计划track maintenance planning维修天窗maintenance time维修周期maintenance period养路安全track maintenance safety列车接近警报器;列车接近报警器;列车接近报警装置train approach warning device养路质量track maintenance quality养路机械化track maintenance machinization线路中修intermediate repair of track起道修;线路中修track raising repair;track intermediate overhaul线路大修major repair of track线路更新;线路大修track renewal;track overhauling线路修复track restoration铁路抢修;铁道抢修railway emergency maintenance养路机械track maintenance machine起道机track lifting machine拨道机track lining machine起拨道机track lifting and lining machine捣固机tamping machine捣固车tamping wagon道床夯拍机ballast compactor配碴整形机ballast distributing and trimming machine;ballast distributing and regulating machine 道碴清筛机ballast cleaner扒碴机crib ballast raker;crib ballast removers道碴更换机ballast replacement eqnipment道床清扫机ballast cleaning machine轨枕更换机sleeper replacement equipment钢轨更换机rail replacement equipment钢轨打磨机rail grinding machine钢轨打磨车rail grinding wagon直轨器rail straightening tool;rail straightener锯轨机rail saw;rail cutting machine;rail sawing machine钢轨钻孔机rail drilling machine钢轨加热器rail heater轨缝调整器rail gap adjuster;rail puller道钉机spike driver除雪机snowbreaker;snow removing machine;snow remover除雪车snow-fighting vehicle;snow plow;snow plough除草机weeder;weed cutting machine;weed cutter清沟机ditcher碎冰机ice crusher养路机具track maintenance implements液压机具hydraulic tool轨道车track car上下道装置up and down track device发电车mobile power plant car;generator car综合养路机械comprehensive track maintenance machine机械化养路基地mechanized maintenance base工务部门maintenance of way branch大修队capital repair brigade工务段engineering district;maintenance of way section;track division;track district;track maintenance division养路员工track maintenance worker工务修配厂maintenance of way shop焊轨厂rail welding plant枕木防腐厂timber sleeper treating plant采石场quarry;stonepit铁路专业英语词汇________________________________________elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular (railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office, booking office售票处junction枢纽站rail and water terminal水陆联运站platform bridge天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office, information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left-luggage office 行李暂存处platform-ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric) platform truck站台车platform tunnel站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station-master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator自动扶梯The train leaves the station at..., The train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站to have one's ticket punched（给检票员）检票10 minutes behind schedule晚点十分钟to change trains at... 在（某地）换车The train is due at... 在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车pantry 餐车食品室open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车carriage, coach, car 车厢roof车顶concertina walls （车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷step; foot board （车厢门口的）踏板gangway （车厢的）通道lidded ashtray带盖烟灰盒tank wagon罐车mixed train 混合列车freight train, goods train 货物列车engine, locomotive 机车window seat 靠窗座位coach, passenger train客车express train, express 快车refrigerator wagon 冷藏车car attendant; train attendant 列车员guard, conductor 列车长slow train, way train 慢车covered wagon van, box car 棚车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车up train 上行车livestock wagon牲畜车sleeping car, sleeper 卧车down train 下行车luggage van, baggage car 行李车rack, baggage rack 行李架sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车ordinary seat 硬席carriage with semicushioned seats硬座车mail car 邮政车mail and luggage van 邮政行李车through train直达车special train 专车pointsman, switchman 道岔工人signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号semaphore signal, home signal臂板信号warehouse 仓库siding, sidetrack侧线，旁轨turnout 岔道weighing machine 秤重机derailing （火车）出轨single line (track) rail 单线points, switches 道岔switch lock, point lock 道岔锁wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）marshalling yard, shunting yard调车场dispatching 调度dispatcher 调度员crossover 渡线，转线轨道rail 钢轨track轨道sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕rail chair轨座buffer stop, bumping post 缓冲桩goods shed, freight depot货棚goods station 货运站，货站container 集装箱locomotive (engine) shed 机车库station warning sign 进站预告标clearance 净空(signal) gantry （铁路上支持信号装置的）跨线桥barrier （道口）拦路木section 路段reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）bell and whistle sign, whistle sign鸣笛预告标platform car, flat car 平车grade crossing, level crossing（道路与铁路的）平面交叉track-laying machine, tracklayer铺轨机double line (track) rail 双线volume of railway freight 铁路货运量railway connections 铁路交叉点，铁路联络线railway warning sign 铁路警告标志railway clearance铁路净空railroad bed 铁路路基railway curve 铁路曲线（弯道）railway tunnel 铁路隧道railway line, railroad line 铁路线stop sign(al) 停车标志（信号）danger sign(al) 危险标志（信号）unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口signal light (lamp) 信号灯signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房signalman 信号员wing rail (of frog) 翼轨distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机back-turning section 折返段frog 辙叉，岔心turn-table 车台，旋车盘point (box), switch (box) 转辙器switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号。