必修五unit1Greatscientists词汇考点

必修五unit1 Great scientists词汇考点
1 . Conclude ____________
conclude sth (from sth)_____________
conclude…with/by doing…________________________
conclusion n. _____________
come to/draw/reach a conclusion _________________________
in conclusion _________________
【活学活用】
(1) 会议于十点钟在《国际歌》中结束。

The meeting ____________________________at ten o'clock.
(2) 他们从这些事实中得出了不同的结论。

They ________________________________the facts.
(3) 你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？
________________________from these observations?
2.attend vt.(take care of, look after)照顾；( to be present at)出席；(to accompany or wait upon as a servant)护理；(go to…)上(学等)
attend a lecture/movie/meeting ____________________________
attend on/upon sb _________
attend to _________
attend school/classes _______
attend church ______________
attendant n. _______________
【活学活用】
翻译句子，注意attend的用法
(1) Only seven people attended the meeting.
____________________________________。

(2) 我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。

______________________________________________.
(3) 所有6—16岁的孩子必须上学。

_________________________________________________.
(4) She didn't attend to what I was saying.
______________________________________________。

3.expose vt.____________
expose…to... _____________
be exposed to ____________
【活学活用】
(1) 你不应该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。

You ___________________________to unnecessary risks.
(2) 不要把胶片曝光。

_____________________________light.
4.cure n．Vt.__________
a cure for…____________
cure sb of ＋疾病或习惯_________________
【活学活用】
(1) 她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。

She tried every means____________________________.
(2) 治疗感冒尚无良方。

There's no known____________________
5.blame n. vt.(to place responsibility for)__________
be to blame (for…)_____________
blame sth on sb __________________
blame sb for sth/doing sth__________________________
take the blame for…________________
put/lay the blame for sth on sb _______________________
【提示】
be to blame没有被动形式，因此要用主动形式表示被动意义。

【活学活用】
用blame相关短语的适当形式完成句子
(1) The teacher __________________________________(因学生犯了错误而责怪他们)．
(2) 我准备承担这一错误的责任。

I am ready_______________________________________.
(3) 许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受到惩罚。

Many children are afraid ______________________
__________________in speaking English.
(4) 不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时候该怪你自己。

Don't always____________________________. Sometimes you yourself________________. 6.announce vt. (to make sth known publicly)
announcement n．
announcer n.
make an announcement
【辨析】
announce与declare
announce侧重于“通知，宣布(结果、决定等)”；declare的意思是“宣布(公告、法律等)，声明”，一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度。

用announce或declare的适当形式完成句子
(1) She __________that the singer would give one extra song.
(2) The new Congress ________a state of war with Germany.
announce后不能跟双宾语结构，如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”应该这样表达：announce sth to sb，不能用announce sb 结构。

除了announce外，类似的词还有say, explain, mention等。

7. contribute vi. ________
contribution n．
contribute…to…
contribute to…
make a contribution to…
contribute to短语中，to为介词，后面可跟名词、代词或动名词。

翻译句子
(1)Many people contributed money to the poor girl, which contributed to her returning to school.
(2) A teacher wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.
(3)I will devote my whole life to scientific research, and make contributions to the country where I was born and the people who brought me up.
8 reject vt.(to refuse to accept)
(1) reject an offer of help
(2) reject an appeal
(3) rejection n.
【活学活用】
(1) 所有带斑点的苹果都被剔除。

All apples with spots_________________________.
(2) 他担心她会因他不是本国人而拒绝他。

He was afraid______________________________________
_____________________.
(3) 病人排斥移植的心脏。

The patient___________________________________.
【辨析】
reject, refuse，decline
(1) reject表示拒不接受不适合、不满足或厌恶的东西，如“建议、计划、赠物、求婚、忠告”等，语气最强，有时还含有“抛弃；剔除”等意思。

只可接名词或代词，主语只能是人。

(2) refuse是普通用语，指坚决、果断甚至是粗暴地对别人的要求、请求、引诱或帮助加以拒绝，后接名词、代词或不定式，主语可以是人或物。

decline常指婉转地拒绝，近似汉语的“谢绝”，多用于对他人的邀请或提供的帮助。

在与不定式连用时相当于一般的“拒绝”，可与refuse通用。

用reject, refuse或decline的适当形式完成句子
(1) He ___________their invitation point­blank.
(2) The big clock ____________to welcome the New Year.
二短语拓展
put forward put away put out put up with
put off come up come up with
【温馨提示】
在表示提出(主意、计划)时，come up with和put forward为及物动词词组，可以用于被动语态；而come up意思是“被提出”，是不及物动词词组，无被动语态。

【活学活用】
1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) 男子半决赛已被提前到1：30举行。

The men's semifinal __________________________1：30.
(2) 他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。

He _________________________a very good suggestion at the meeting.
2．用put相关短语的适当形式完成句子
(1) The firefighters spent 3 hours _____________the big fire.
(2) The meeting _______________because of the heavy snow.
(3) At last her husband couldn't ____________her.
apart from in addition to besides
except for except
【温馨提示】
apart from后跟名词或动名词，相当于besides[除……以外(还包括)]或except[除……以外(不包括)]。

如：试翻译：除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。

除了英语外，我喜欢所有科目。

make sense make sense of make no sense in no sense
There is no sense (in) doing sth
【温馨提示】
in no sense 位于句首，句子要部分倒装。

【活学活用】
(1) 你看得懂这首诗吗？
Can you __________________________this poem?
(2) 读句子，告诉我它是否讲得通。

Read the sentence and_________________________.
(3) 为这样的事烦恼没有意义。

_______________________________such a thing.
巩固练习Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．From these observations we c_________ that the moon has little or no atmosphere.
2．He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people e___________to cholera.
3．I hope the doctor can c_____the pain in my shoulder.
4．The school was a_______almost entirely by local children.
5．Nowadays no one will c_________ the fact that the earth is round.
6．In many countries，political ________(嫌疑犯) are kept under police observation in the country.
7．She got up and s_______ a little turn.
8．The supermarket r________ all spotted apples.
9．Honesty and hard work c_________ to success and happiness.
10．The river has been p__________ by waste products from the factory.
Ⅱ.完成短语
1．通向；导致
2．有意义
3．将……和……联系或连接起来
4．提出
5．除……之外；此外
6．得出结论
7．对……要求严格
8．暴露；使暴露
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。

They consider it almost a crime __________________
___________and sex on TV.
2．这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。

The paragraph which doesn't ____________is hard to read.
3．有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。

With this extra evidence John Snow was able to
_______________________that polluted water carried the disease.
4．除了几个单词外，我对法语一无所知。

____________a few words，I do not know any French at all.
5．汤姆一向对孩子很严格。

Tom is always ________________his children.
conclude vt.&vi. (to infer on the basis of convincing evidence) 推断出；(to finish or be over)
背诵范文：
Thomas Edison
Born in America，Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth
educating. Later, however, he turned out to be a man full of imagination.
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1,000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to have the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And this explained why he had so many great inventions.
What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety­nine percent perspiration.”Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hard­working teammate. From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.。