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话题14 宇宙知识（Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars）晨读背诵1. get started开始2. grasp/seize the opportunity 抓住机会3. set foot in China踏上中国的土地4. as sb. puts it正如某人所说5. enjoy a boom in scientific and technological development有科技发展的兴隆6. send satellites into space发射卫星到太空7. first manned space flight首次载人太空飞行8. deadly disease致命的疾病 9. to name (just) a few仅以这些为例10. name after the atest technology of the time以那个时期最新的技术为名11. give rise to引起 12. in some/most cases在某些/大多数情况下13. the same is true for ……也适用于 14. run a company经营公司15. aim at sth./doing以做……为目的16. for the time being 暂时基础知识自测一、单词拓展(A)根据音标及词义写出英文单词｡1. astronomy [əˈstrɒnəmɪ] n.天文学→astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] n.天文学家2. system [ˈsɪstəm] n.系统;体系;制度3. theory [ˈθɪərɪ] n.学说;理论→theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] adj.理论上的4. globe [ɡləʊb] n.球体;地球仪;地球→global [ˈɡləʊb(ə)l] adj.全球性的;全世界的5. violent [ˈvaɪələnt] adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence [ˈvaɪələns] n.暴力→violently [ˈvaɪələntlɪ]adv.猛烈地6. atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə(r)] n.大气层;气氛7. unlike [ʌnˈlaɪk] prep.不同;不像→dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] vt.不喜欢8. presence [ˈprezəns] n.出席;到场;存在→present [ˈprez(ə)nt] adj. & n. & v.在场的;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予9. harmful ['hɑ:mful] adj.有害的;伤害的→harm [hɑːm] n.危害,害处→harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] adj.无害的10. exist [ɪɡˈzɪst] vi.存在,生存→existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在,生存11. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)ld]adj.迷惑的→puzzling [ˈpʌz(ə)lɪŋ]adj.令人迷惑的12. gravity [ˈɡrævɪtɪ] n.万有引力;重力13. satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] n.卫星;人造卫星14. climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] n.气候15. spaceship [ˈspeɪsʃɪp] n.宇宙飞船16. pull [pʊl] n. & vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力17. float [fləʊt] vi. & vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮 n.漂浮物18. mass [mæs] n.质量;团;块;大量;(复)群众(B)单词活用用所给词的正确形式填空。
Book3 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1 match, suit, fitmatch v.与…相配，和…调和。
指大小，色调，形状，性质等方面的搭配。
eg. The door was painted yellow to match the wall.suit: 指颜色，花样或款式等相配。
This coat doesn’t suit a woman at your age.fit: 指大小，尺寸上很合适。
These shoes fit me well.2 to begin with和to sta rt with以……开始eg.To begin/start with, I couldn’t understand every word.3 violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；violence n.猛烈；激烈；暴力；violent attack/ pain/ storm4 explode(1). （使某物）炸开，爆炸A bomb had exploded in the next street.邻街有一枚炸弹爆炸了。
（2）. （指感情）激发Simon exploded with anger.西蒙勃然大怒。
（3）. （指人口）突然或迅速增加The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.旅游旺季的时候人口急剧增加到四万。
explosion n. 爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的5 in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后；终于（1）Firemen reached the house on fire in time.消防队员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。
（2）I’ll see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。
Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。
一、重点短语1.in time 及时；终于2. lay eggs下蛋3. give birth to 产生；分娩4. in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5. prevent... from 阻止；制止6. block out 挡住（光线）7. cheer up 感到高兴,感到振奋8. now that 既然；因为9. break out 突发；爆发10. watch out密切注视,当心二、词义辨析1. collide属正式用词，常与不及物动词，可与with搭配，其名词为collisioncrash属普通用词，可作名词、及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词时常与介词into搭配2. break out指灾难性的事件，如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发happen强调事件发生的偶然性come about常指不受控制的事情的发生，相当于。
常用句型：How does/did it come about…? ·····是怎样发生的？3.lie, lie , lay 的区别如下:三、要点梳理1. in time及时；终于；迟早；最后on time准时；按时in no time 立即；马上at a time依次；每次；逐一at one time曾经；一度at no time从不at the same time同时in time for刚好赶上2.atmosphere(n.)大气层；空气；气氛atmosphere作为“大气层、大气”讲时常与定冠词the搭配；作“气氛、氛围”讲时常与不定冠词搭配；作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果缺少状语，引导词用where，如果缺少宾语或主语用that 或which。
人教版必修三第4单元U4 Astronomy the science of the star单词短语一、单词。
1.astronomy n. 天文学-- astronomer n. 天文学家2.theory n. 学说；理论3.billion pron. & n. & adj.<英>万亿；<美>十亿4.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球-- global adj. 全球性的；全世界的5.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的-- violence n. 暴力6.atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7.unlike prep. 不同；不像8.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的9.harmful adj. 有害的-- be harmful to 对......有害的10.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链11.react v. 反应--reactive a. 反应的-- reaction n. 反应；回应12.multiply vi. & vt. 乘；增加13.dinosaur n. 恐龙14.exist vi. 存在；生存-- existence n. 存在，生存15.thus adv.（词性）：因此；于是16.puzzle n. 谜；难题vt. & vi. （使）迷惑17.biology n. 生物学-- biologist n. 生物学家18.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的19.physicist n. 物理学家20.climate n. 气候21.crash vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落22.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船23.pull n. & vt. 拉（力）；拖；牵引力--push v. 推24.lessen v. 减少；减轻25.float vi. & vt. （使）浮动；（使）漂浮n. 漂浮物26.mass n. 质量；团；块；大量；27.exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽二、短语。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 一.重点词汇1．________ n．天文学________ n．天文学家2．________ n．系统；体系；制度________ adj.系统的3．________ n．宗教；宗教信仰4．________ n．学说；理论5．________ n．球体；地球仪；地球_____ adj.全球性的6．________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的________ adv. 猛烈地7．________ n．大气层；气氛8．________ adj.基本的；基础的9．________ n．出席；到场；存在________ adj.出席的；存在的10．________ n．反应；回应________ vi.反应；回应11．________ vi.乘；增加12．________ n．氧13．________ vt.存在；生存________n．存在；生存14．_____ n．谜；难题vt.(使)迷惑_____adj.令人困惑的15．________ n．生物学________ adj.生物的16．________ n．万有引力；重力17．________ n．卫星；人造卫星18．________ n．物理学家19．________ adv.失重地20．________ n．质量；团；块；大量_______ adj.巨大的二.短语回顾1．________ time 及时；终于2．be harmful ________ 对……有害3．give birth ________ 产生；分娩4．________ one's turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent... ________ 阻止；抑制6．block ________ 挡住(光线等) 7．cheer _______感到高兴；感到振奋8．a mass ________ 许多；大量9．break ________ 突发；爆发10．watch ________ for 密切注视；当心；提防11．________ that 既然12．get close ________ 靠近；接近13．get the hang ________ 掌握，精通三、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。
一、重点短语1.in time 及时；终于2. lay eggs下蛋3. give birth to 产生；分娩4. in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5. prevent... from 阻止；制止6. block out 挡住（光线）7. cheer up 感到高兴，感到振奋8. now that 既然；因为9. break out 突发；爆发10. watch out密切注视，当心二、词义辨析1. collide属正式用词，常与不及物动词，可与with搭配，其名词为collisioncrash属普通用词，可作名词、及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词时常与介词into搭配2. break out指灾难性的事件，如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发happen强调事件发生的偶然性come about常指不受控制的事情的发生，相当于。
常用句型：How does/did it come about…? ·····是怎样发生的？3.lie，lie ，lay 的区别如下:三、要点梳理1. in time及时；终于；迟早；最后on time准时；按时in no time 立即；马上at a time依次；每次；逐一at one time曾经；一度at no time从不at the same time同时in time for刚好赶上2.atmosphere(n.)大气层；空气；气氛atmosphere作为“大气层、大气”讲时常与定冠词the搭配；作“气氛、氛围”讲时常与不定冠词搭配；作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果缺少状语，引导词用where，如果缺少宾语或主语用that 或which。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars 词汇要点总结1. (阅读词汇) solar [‘s?ul?] adj. 太阳的；日光的?联想：lunar [?lu?n?(r)] adj. 月球的；月亮的2. (阅读词汇) system [‘sist?m] n. 系统；体系；制度?solar system 太阳系?solar energy 太阳能?The new system of the computer is still under test, not ready to be used. 这套电脑的新系统还在测试，还未准备好使用。
3. (词汇变形) religion [ri‘lid?n] n. 宗教– religious [ri‘lid??s] adj. 宗教的?religious belief 宗教信仰?have belief / faith in religion 有宗教信仰4. (阅读词汇) theory [‘θｉ?ri] n. 理论?the Big Bang theory 宇宙大爆炸理论?the theory of everything 万物理论?in theory 理论上: Your plan sounds fine in theory, but does it work in reality? 你的计划理论上挺好的，但实际上可行吗？(in reality 实际上)5. (阅读词汇) billion [‘bili?n] pron. & n. & adj. 十亿?billions of …数十亿的…?联想：ten 十；tens of …几十个…?hundred 百；hundreds of …数百个…?thousand 千；thousands of …数千个…?million 百万；millions of …数百万…6. (词汇变形) globe [gl?ub] n. 球体；地球仪；地球– global [‘gl?ubl] adj. 全球的；全世界的- globalization [,gl?ub?lai‘zei?n] n. 全球化?global warming 全球性变暖7. (词汇变形) violence [‘vai?l?ns] n. 暴力– violent [‘vai?l?nt] adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的– violently adv. 猛烈地；暴力地?answer violence with violence 以暴制暴?The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球的动荡如此剧烈，以至于(当时)不清楚它的形状是否会固定下来。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1. system n. 系统，体系；制度systematic adj.(有）系统的；有条理的systematically adj. （有）系统地；有条理地搭配：the solar system 太阳系 a railway system 铁路系统the capitalist system 资本主义制度The computer system broke down. 计算机系统瘫痪了。
The teacher has a special system of teaching. 这位老师教学方法很独特。
2.theory n. 学说；理论反义：practice 实践Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文进化论The theory of relativity 相对论Einstein put forward his new theory of relativity.3. violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；a violent attack 猛烈的进攻violent dislike极其的厌恶violent pain极度痛苦船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.4. in time:①(sooner or later; eventually; )迟早,终于I’ll se e him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。
②(for sth. /to do sth.): not late及时She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。
与time相关的短语:on time 按时;准时at one time 从前for the time being 暂时from time to time 不时地in no time 立刻,马上at times 有时at a time 每次;依次once upon a time 从前5. unlike ①prep. 不同；不像Unlike him, his son is tall.②adj. 不同的The sisters are quite unlike.unlikely adv. 未必的; 不太可能的; 注意与dislike “不喜欢”区分开来。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars （一）核心词汇1.system n系统，体系，制度the solar system 太阳系the education system 教育体制Eg:The bank is equipped with a new alarm system.这家银行装有新的警报系统。
2.theory n学说，理论theoretical adj 理论的theoretically adv理论地in theory 理论上，按理说Eg:In theory, it can be used for ten years.从理论上说它能用十年。
3.in time 及时，迟早in time for sth/ to do sth来得及/及时做某事in no time 立刻，马上Eg:When you are in trouble , I will come to help you in time. 当你处于困境时，我会及时来帮助你。
You will learn how to do it in time.你迟早会学会如何做这事的。
I will be in time for the train / to catch the train. 我要及时赶上那趟火车。
Don’t worry. I will get there in no time.别担心，我立刻就到那儿。
4.unlike prep 不像like prep 像vt 喜欢likely adj 很可能的1）It is unlike sb to do sth做某事可不像某人平时那个样。
Eg:It is very unlike Tom to be so late .迟到这么久可不像汤姆平时的作风。
2）It is likely that 从句...很可能..Sb is likely to do sth 某人很可能做某事Eg：It is likely that Tom will pass the exam.汤姆很可能会通过这次考试。
词汇表必修三Unit41. astronaut n. 宇航员;太空人2. procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续3. m ental adj 精神的;思想的4. cm abbr (centimetre/ senti: (r)or centimeter)厘米5. intelligent adj. 有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的6. rocket n. 火箭;火箭弹7. gravity n. 重力;引力8. frontier n. 边境;国界;边远地区9. vehicle n. 交通工具;车辆10. universe n. 宇宙;天地万物11. determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的12. determine vt. 查明;确定;决定13. satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星14. aunch n. 发射;发起;上市15. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.＆vi.沿轨道运行;环绕…运行16. giant adj. 巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人17. leap n. 跳跃;剧增;剧变(leapt, leapt /lept/or leaped, leaped vt.＆vi.跳过;跃过18. mankind n. 人类19. agency n. (政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处20. transmit vt.＆vi.传输;发送21. data n. [pl.]资料;数据22. disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的23. desire n. 渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望24. carry on 继续做, 坚持干25. ongoing adj. 持续存在的;仍在进行的;不新发展的26. on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上27. .independently .adv.独立地;自立地28. independent adj. 独立的;自立的29. spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船30. spacewalk n. 太空行走;太空行走的时间31. jade n. 玉;翠;玉器32. dock vi.＆vt.(两架航天器)对接;(使)……进港.码n头;船坞33. signal vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志34. in the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望35. so as to (do sth)为了;以便36. recycle vt. 回收利用;再利用37. muscle n. 肌肉;实力;影响力38. lack n. 缺乏;短缺.没有;缺乏39. float vi. 浮动;源流;源浮；vt使浮动;使漂流40. .otherwise .adv.否则;要不然41. beyond prep.在更远处;超出42. solar adj. 太阳的;太阳能的43. solar system太阳系;类太阳系44. current adj. 当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮45. figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白46. sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的47. soap n. 肥皂48. towel n. 毛巾;抹布49. microwave n.( also microwave oven)微波炉50. tissue n. 纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的组织)51. facility n. 设施;设备52. keen adj. 热衷的;渴望的53. globe n. 地球;世界;地球仪54. argue vt.＆vi.论证;争辩;争论55. argument n. 争论;争吵;论点56. fatal adj. 致命的;灾难性的57. shallow adj. 肤浅的;浅的58. result in导致;造成59. pattern n. 模式;图案;模范60. analysis n (pl analyses )(对事物的)分析;分析结果61. as a result 所以;结果(是)62. high- end adj. 高端的63. monitor n. 监视器;监测仪vt.监视;监测;监控64. .regularly .adv.经常;定期地65. regular adj. 定期的;经常的;正常的66. foam n. 泡沫橡胶;泡沫67. pillow n. 枕头68. smartphone n. 智能手机69. resource n. 资源;财力;物力70. imited adj. 有限的71. provide for sb提供生活所需72. closing adj. 结尾的;结東的n.停业;关闭;倒闭73. in closing 最后74. mystery n. 神秘事物;迷75. run out用完;耗尽76. attach vt. 系;綁;贴77. oxygen n. 氧;氧气78. Sputnik 1 “旅伴一号”(苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星)79. S. .abbr.th.Unio.o.Sovie.Socialis.Republics苏联80. Yuri Gagarin 尤里・加加林(苏联宇航员)81. Neil Armstrong/'niol ' a: strop/尼尔・阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员)82. .NASA .abbr.Nationa.Aeronautic.an.SpaceAdministratio.(美国)国家航空与航天局83. Voyager1 “旅行者一号”84. Soyuz 11 “联盟11号85. Challenger “挑战者”号航天飞机86. the International Space Station国际空间站87. Jade Rabbit “玉兔”月球车88. Mars n. 火星89. Jupiter n. 木星90. Typhoon Goni 合风天鹅91..GP..abbr.globa.positionin.system全球(卫星)定位系统。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 一.重点词汇
1．________ n．天文学________ n．天文学家
2．________ n．系统；体系；制度________ adj.系统的
3．________ n．宗教；宗教信仰
4．________ n．学说；理论
5．________ n．球体；地球仪；地球_____ adj.全球性的
6．________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的________ adv. 猛烈地
7．________ n．大气层；气氛
8．________ adj.基本的；基础的
9．________ n．出席；到场；存在________ adj.出席的；存在的10．________ n．反应；回应________ vi.反应；回应
11．________ vi.乘；增加
12．________ n．氧
13．________ vt.存在；生存________n．存在；生存
14．_____ n．谜；难题vt.(使)迷惑_____adj.令人困惑的
15．________ n．生物学________ adj.生物的
16．________ n．万有引力；重力
17．________ n．卫星；人造卫星
18．________ n．物理学家
19．________ adv.失重地
20．________ n．质量；团；块；大量_______ adj.巨大的
二.短语回顾
1．________ time 及时；终于
2．be harmful ________ 对……有害3．give birth ________ 产生；分娩4．________ one's turn 轮到某人；接着
5．prevent... ________ 阻止；抑制6．block ________ 挡住(光线等) 7．cheer _______感到高兴；感到振奋8．a mass ________ 许多；大量9．break ________ 突发；爆发10．watch ________ for 密切注视；当心；提防
11．________ that 既然
12．get close ________ 靠近；接近13．get the hang ________ 掌握，精通
三、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
第一组：force, disappoint, system, surface, harmful, astronomy, gravity, publish, atmosphere, planet
1 His words _________ me and I lost hope for him.
2 He seems very honest on the _________ but actually he is not reliable.
3 There is still a lot that scientists don’t k now or explain in the field of _________.
4 He posted his newly-written novel to a _________ house but received no reply.
5 There are eight _________ in the solar system.
6 When I entered the meeting room I sensed the _________ was unusual and everyone kept silent.
7 Do you know about Newton’s law of ________?
8 Drinking alcohol is ________ to people’s health.
9 In the Chinese education _________ exams are laid in the most important place.
10 Never _________ anyone to do anything he doesn’t want to.
第二组：telescope, development, oxygen, violent, presence, gradually, mass, spread, explode, solid, exist, float
11 With the _________ of science and technology people can enjoy the modern civilization fully.
12 Children should not be allowed to watch any ________ movie.
13 _________, he began to understand how silly he was to have done such a thing.
14 With the Internet news from every part of the world _________ rapidly.
15 Many of the students think that _________ geometry is too hard to learn.
16 A plastic bag was seen ________ in the water.
17 The scientists say that dinosaurs _________ millions of years ago but then died out suddenly.
18 A bomb _________ near the doorway of the restaurant from across the street.
19 When you are on the moon your ________ will be less than on the earth.
20 He sat in the front row and hardly noticed my ________.
21 Man cannot live without ________.
22 With the help of a ________ you can observe lots of stars in the sky.
四、把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
in time prevent…from depend on cheer up now that break out
1 SARS _________ in the mainland of China in the year 2003.
2 ________ everyone is here, let’s start work.
3 I arrived there just _________ for the film.
4 Nothing can ________ him ________ carrying out the survey.
5 Anyhow, you can ________ him to give you a hand.
6 Give Mary a call; she needs ________.。
