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第三节介词和代词(对应学生用书第234页)考点一常见介词的用法介词against，beyond，by，for，with，without，over，in，on，at，across，through 等介词是常考的介词，它们大部分都有多层含义，全面掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。
下面就几个含义较多、掌握较难的介词做一下介绍。
1．against意为“反对；对抗；违背；逆着；倚、靠；以……为背景”。
Our classroom building stood out clearly against the blue sky.蓝天清晰地衬托出我们的教学大楼。
2．beyond意为“在……的另一边；超出；非……所能及”。
The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.这个练习超出了大多数学生的能力。
3．by意为“在……旁边；到……为止；按照；按……计算数量、报酬等；通过……方式；以……的幅度”。
Do you rent the camera by the hour or by the day? 你的照相机出租是按小时还是按天数算？4．with意为“和……在一起；带有；随着；用，凭借；关于；由于，因为”。
He woke up from a nightmare, trembling with fear. 他从噩梦中惊醒，因为恐惧而吓得发抖。
5．over意为“在……的正上方；多于；在……期间”。
We have something interesting to talk about over the meal.我们有很多感兴趣的事可以边吃边谈。
6．for意为“为了；支持，同意；因为，由于；就……而言”。
She is in her thirties but looks old for her age.她现在三十几岁，但是看起来比她实际年龄要老。
专题三代词和介词考点一代词一、人称代词数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you第三人称he himthey them she herit it他会借咖啡来浇愁。
Thank you for your letter.谢谢你的来信。
I bought a present for him.我给他买了件礼物。
二、物主代词词义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性my your his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 这是你的座位吗，先生？The government has changed its policy.政府已经改变了政策。
This is not my dictionary.Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。
This camera is mine and that is yours.这部照相机是我的，那部是你的。
Every person showed his ticket，and I showed mine too.每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。
三、反身代词反身代词⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧作宾语⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese. 汤姆自学了汉语。
介宾：You can't leave the baby by himself. 你不能把孩子独自留在那里。
作表语：She is not quite herself today. 她今天不在状态。
作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. 我自己能修那辆自行车。
四、不定代词1．both ，all ，either ，any ，neither ，none 的区别在工业化国家，现在男性和女性都会活得更长。
必修3 Unit 2 Healthy eating __________________ /微语境记单词、背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记15个单词！...... ，单词与短语知识自主排查h .............................默写识记♦默写单词1 • balance vt. 平衡；权衡n. 天平；平衡2. weakness n. 缺点；虚弱；弱点3 - strength n. 强项；长处；力量4. consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量5. debt n. 债；债务6. limit vt. 限制；限定n. 界限；限度7. benefit n. 利益；好处V. 有益于；有助于8. combine v. （使）联合；（使）结合♦记住词义1 • curiosity n. 好奇心2. discount n. 折扣3. slim vi. 变细；减肥adj. 苗条的；纤细的4. hostess n. 女主人；女主持人5. customer n. 顾客；消费者6. digest v. 消化n. 摘要；概要7 • glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀n. 怒视；炫目的光8. sigh vi. 叹息；叹气n. 叹息；叹息声♦写出短语1 • lose weight体重减轻；减肥2 • set away with受到从轻发落；（做坏事）不受惩罚3. tell a lie说谎4. win …back赢冋；重新获得5 • earn one's living谋牛6- in debt欠债7. spy on暗中监视；侦查8. cut down削减；删节9. put on weight增加体重10. glare at怒目而视联想拓展名词后缀-ness1 • weakness虚弱；弱点2. kindness仁慈；好意3 • carelessness粗心大意4. awareness意识5. consciousness知觉短语串记1 • get away with（做坏事）不受惩罚2 • get a way from3・ get along/on with 4 • get down to5.put on weight6.gain weight7 • by weight8. a white lie9.lie to sb.10.lie in11• cut in12.cut up13.cut out14.cut off 逃离；离开进展；与人相处开始认真考虑或对待体重增加发胖按体重/重量善意的谎言对某人说谎/撒谎位于（... 的内部）；在于插话切碎；齐根切掉删除切断；中止；隔绝15 - lose heart16.lose face17.lose sight of18.lose touch with19.lose one's way20.lose ones breath21. be in heavy debt 22・ be/get out of debt 23• get into debt24. pay off one's debts丧失勇气或信心丢面子看不见与……失去联系迷路喘不过气来负债累累摆脱债务负债还清债务经典例句①It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.T解自己的优缺点很重耍。
冠词、代词和介词一、冠词【考题再现】①(2024·厦门一中模拟) Located at an average altitude(海拔) of 3,000 meters, a vast grassland there offers the perfect relaxation in nature.①(2024·惠州模拟) The silver jewelry produced by the Miao ethnic group has been the key to driving rural development in Taijiang County, an area located in the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (自治州) of Guizhou Province.①(2024·潮州模拟) An oncoming ice age made the ocean water cold and brought more nutrients, resulting in more food for large whales.考点1不定冠词用法【要点总结】英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。
不定冠词主要有下面两种用法:1.表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A teacher is a person who teaches.An apple falls down because of gravity.2.代表一类人或物。
【重点提示】(1)不定冠词a/an与数词one 同源,表示“一个”的意思。
a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 则用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。
注意此处不是指辅音字母和元音字母。
(2)不定冠词的其他用法①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,使之具体化。
选修 7 Unit 3 Under the sea__________________ /微语境记单词、背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记19个单词！...... ，单词与短语知识自主排查 .. .........默写识记当场见到；目击目击者；证人；证据在 ...................... 对面 相对的；相反的催促；极力主张；驱策放弃；遗弃；抛弃目标；靶；受批评的对象 思考映射；反射；思考纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 意识到的；知道的 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的♦默写单词1. witness vt.n.2. opposite prep. adj.3. urge vt.4. abandon vt.5. target n.6. reflect vi.vt.7. pure adj. 8. aware adj. 9. vivid adj.10.scare vt.vi.11 • flee uLvt.12. drag vt.13 ・ annual adj.n.♦记住词义I• accommodation n.2.yell vi.n.3.conservation n.4.jog vi.vt.5• neat adj.6• narrow adj.7.suck vt.& vi.8.sharp adj.9.shallow adj.10 • steep adj.II• boundary n.12. pension n.♦写出短语1.ahead of2.in the meantime3.help (...) out4.be/become aware of5.(be) scared to death6.hold up7.dmw close/near 恐吓受惊吓逃避;逃跑逃离拖；拉；扯每年的；按年度计算的年刊；年鉴住所;住宿大叫；呼喊叫声；喊声保存;保护慢跑；轻推;轻撞整齐的；匀称的狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的吮吸锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的浅的；肤浅的；浅显的陡峭的界限；分界线养老金；退休金优于；在 ..... 前面在此期间；与此同吋帮助（某人）摆脱困境或危难对……知道，明白；意识到…… 吓死了举起；抬起；支撑；阻挡；使延误接近；快到了8. let...go放手；松开联想拓展名词后缀1 • depth深度2. width宽度3 • length长度4. truth真理5 • warmth温暖6. strength力車短语串记1 • aim at瞄准2. point at指直3 • come at袭击4. knock at敲（门等）5. shout at朝……人喊6. help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事7- help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事8. can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事9- carft help but do sth.不得不做某事10. help yourself (to sth.)IT己动手……11. hold down抑制；压制12. hold on坚持；稍等13. hold back踌躇；阻止14. hold out维持；坚持15. hold off推迟16・bore sb.to death 把某人烦死17. put sb.to death 把某人处死18. sentence sb.to death判某人死刑19. starve sb.to death把某人饿死20. burn sb.to death把某人烧死21 • beat sb.to death把某人打死经典例句©Water was found at a depth of 30 metres.在30 米深处找到了水。
必修 1 Unit 3 Travel journal..... ，单词与短语 知识自主排查 ...........默写识记更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物） 说服；劝说 旅行；旅程 毕业 大学毕业生 最后；终于 时间表；进度表为某事安排吋间运送；运输运输；运送组织；成立决定；确定；下定决心 态度；看法 可信赖的；可靠的微语境记单词背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记19个单词！♦默写单词I .prefer vt. 2,persuade vt. 3 journey n. 4. g raduate vi.n.5. f inally adv.6. s chedule n.vt. 7. t ransport n.vt, 8-organize vt.9. d etermine vt. 10. attitude n. II .reliable adj. ♦记住词义Fl 记；杂志；定期刊物 顽固的；固执的 不利条件；不便之处 费用 流动；流出 流动；流量 海拔高度；高处 预测；预报 风景；视野；观点 观看；注视；考虑 小包；包裹 保险火焰；光芒；热情 在 ............... 下而自从；自……以后 喜爱；喜欢 关心；忧虑；惦念下决心；决定 投降；屈服；让步 照常 坚定的眼神 联想拓展毕业 组织 决定；决心 考虑；关心 预料；期望1 journal n. 2. s tubborn adj. 3. d isadvantage rt. 4. f are n. 5. f low vi.n.6. a ltitude n.7. f orecast n. & vt.8. v iew n.vt.9. p arcel n. 10-insurance n. 11. flame n. 12. beneath prep.♦写出短语Lever since 2. b e fond of 3. c are about4>make up one's mind 5. g ive in 6. a s usual 7. a detennincd look名词后缀・ation 1 .graduation anization 3-determination 4. c onsideration 5. e xpectation 短语串记1 -care for 喜欢；照料2.care about 关心；在乎；担忧3.take care 当心4.take care of 照料；处理5.with care 小心地；慎重地6xhange one's mind 7.bear/keep …in mind 改变主意记住8.have ...in mind 考虑；打算9.fix one's mind on/upon 10-read one's mind 集中注意力于... 看懂某人的心思11.give away12.give back 分发；赠送；泄露归还B.give off 发出14.give out 分发；用完；耗尽15-give up 放弃；停止16.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢17.be keen on 喜爱I8.be crazy about 非常克爱19.fall in love with 喜爱2O.have a fancy for 喜欢21.a determined mind 坚定的信念22.a frightened expression 害怕的表情23.a shocked look 震惊的眼神经典例句©Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our expectations.遗憾的是他推荐的餐厅与我们心Fl中的相差甚远。
选修 6 Unit 5 The power of nature__________________ /微语境记单词、背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记26个单词！...... ，单词与短语 知识自主排查h ............................默写识记任命；委派 评估；评价；估计 绝对的；完全的 实在的；实际的 贵重的；珍贵的 失去知觉的；未察觉的摇晁；摇动；颤抖 惊慌 惊慌；恐慌 欣赏；感激；感谢♦默写单词1. appoint vt.2. evaluate vt.3. absolute adj.4. actual adj.5. precious adj.6. unconscious adj.7. tremble vi.8. panic v.n.9 - appreciation n.10.guarantee vt.11.alongside adv.prep.12.potential n.adj. ♦记住词义1• erupt vi.2.diagram n.3 • hurricane n.4.equipment n.5 • fountain v.6.candidate n.7.novelist n.8- document n.9.balcony n.10.diverse adj.11.bathe vi.♦写出短语1.burn to the ground2.make one's way3.glance through4.vary from…to…5.have a gift for6.in the distance形容词后缀-ous1 • anxious2.continuous3 • dangerous4. cautious全部焚毁前往匆匆看一遍由……到……不等有 ....... 的天赋在远处联想拓展焦虑的，担心的连续的危险的保证；担保在旁边；沿着边在……旁边；沿着……的边潜在性；可能性；潜能可能的；潜在的（指火山）爆发；突然发生图解；图表；示意图飓风；风晁设备；装备泉水般地喷岀或涌岀候选人；候补者小说家文件；证件阳台多种多样的；不同的小心的5 • poisonous有毒的6- nervous紧张的名词后缀・ist1 • pianist钢琴家；钢琴演奏者2. violinist小提琴演奏者3. physicist物理学家短语串记1 • look through浏览2. go through经历；检查3 • break through突破4. live through活过5 • get through完成；接通电话6. feel one's way摸索前进7. push one's way挤出来8. wind one!s way蜿蜒前进9. force one's way强行前进/进入10. in the distance在远处11 • at/from a distance从远处12. out of the/one*s way不再描道；不再碍事13 - in the/one's way挡道；妨碍14. in a/one way在某种程度上15. in no way无论如何也不；决不经典例句©Glancing through the paper, I found a news report about a typhoon in Guangdong.翻阅报纸的时候我发现了一篇关于广东台风的新闻报道。
选修 6 Unit 3 A healthy life__________________ /微语境记单词、背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记29个单词！..... 单词与短语 知识自主排查 ...........默写识记滥用；虑待 压力；重音 加压力于；使紧张 禁止；取缔 禁令；谴责 困难的；强硬的Vt.使习惯于精神的；智力的 停止（做某事）；离开 加强；巩固；使坚强 变强♦默写单词1. abuse n. &"2. stress n.vt.3. ban vt.n.4 • tough adj. 5. accustom 6. mental adj. 7. quit vt. 8. strengthen vt.绝望的；拼命的 幸存；幸存者n.结果；效力局促不安的；笨拙的 无意识的；自动的adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的香烟；纸烟 青少年 青春期的 畸形的；异常的收冋；撤退；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程理解（力） 不合法的；违法的 看法；判决；判断尴尬的；陷入困境的 偏见；成见入了迷的；上了瘾的由于 ................................对……作岀决定 想要（做）…… 不顾；不管 冒险陷入；染上（坏习惯） 处境危险；遭受危险 联想拓展9. desperate adj. 10. survival n. 11. effect 12. awkward adj. 13. automatic adj. 14. ashamed♦记住词义I • cigarette n. 2. adolescent n.adj.3 • abnormal adj. 4. withdrawal n.5 • comprehension n. 6- illegal adj. 7. judgment n.8. embarrassed adj. 9- prejudice n. 10. addicted adj. ♦写出短语1 • due to 2. decide on 3. feel like (doing) 4. in spite of 5. take risks (a risk) 6. get into 7< at risk名词后缀-ment 1 • equipment设备对待3. excitement4. government 短语串记① He pretended not to care about his failure, but his looks gave him away. 他对失败装着兴奋 政府1・ give up 2. give out 3 ・ give off 4. give in 5. give away6 ・ out ofbreath 7 • out of order 8. out of place 9. out of date 10. in spite of 11 ・ in case of 12. in favor of 13. in charge of 14 ・ in possession15. owing to 16. thanks to 17. on account of 18. because of 19. as a result of 20. as a consequence of 放弃分发；发出（气味等） 发出（光、声音等） 投降；交上去 赠送；泄漏，出卖上气不接下气 无丿芋；出故障 不恰当；不自在 过期不顾；不管 万一；如果 支持；赞同 负责 拥有因为 因为；幸亏 因为 因为 因为 因为 经典例句不在乎，但他的表情出卖了他。
第1讲代词[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports, soperhaps we should all give it/running atry.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and Ifrightened each other, I was just glad tofind them(they) alive.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railwayquickly proved to be a great success andwithin six months，more than 25，000 peoplewere using it every day.1．考查人称代词的主格和宾格；2．考查物主代词的基本用法；3．考查it的基本用法；4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。
短文改错1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) In the cafe, customerswill enjoy yourselves in the historicalenvironment which is created forthem.yourselves→themselves2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to usthat playing card games would help mybrain. us→me3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myselfhomework, but I was shy.myself→my/the4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs. Zhang allwork in our school.all→both/去掉all1．代词单复数的错用；2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；3．不定代词的错用；4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。
选修7 Unit 2 Robots__________________ /微语境记单词、背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记20个单词！................ '单词与短语知识自主排查. ...............默写识记♦默写单词1 • desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求vt. 希望得到；想要2 ■ alanm vt. 使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n. 警报；惊恐3 • sympathy n. 同情（心）4. favour n. 喜爱；恩惠喜爱；偏袒5. accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏6 • declare vt. 宣布；声明；表明；宣称7 • grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的8. envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕9. bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的10. talent n. 天才；特殊能力；才干11. obey "& vi. 服从；顺从12. staff n. 全体员工；手杖♦记住词义1 • overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的2. elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的3. pile n. 堆；摞；叠V. 堆起；堆积；积聚4. scan vt. 粗略地看；浏览；扫描5. absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的6. awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；怕的7. affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系8. digital adj. 数字的；数码的9 - affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情10. navy n. 海军；海军部队11 • divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离♦写出短语1 • test out考验出；检验完2. ring up给……打电话3 • turn around转身；翻转4. leave ...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着和……单独在一起5. set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留（钱或时间）6. in all一共；总计7 • be bound to疋做....联想拓展形容词后缀-ful1 • awful极坏的；可怕的2. successful成功的3 • powerful强大的4. painful痛苦的5. skillful 短语串记1 • leave behind2.leave aside3.leave for…4.leave out5 • leave over6.set about7.set down8 • set off9.set out10.set up11 • call up12.ring back13.call back14.ring off15.hang up16.hang on17. turn down 18• turn up19• turn out20. turn to21 • turn away22. turn over©Remarks like that brought back painful有技巧的遗留；把……抛在后面搁置一边动身到……省略；遗漏留下；剩下着手（做某事）记下；放下岀发；使……爆炸出发；开始（做某事）开办；建•'、/:给（某人）打电话回电话回电话挂断电话挂断电话不挂断电话调低；拒绝开大；调大；出现结果是；证明求助于；翻到把……打发走翻过来；翻转经典例句memories.那样的话勾起了痛苦的回忆。
选修 8 Unit 2 Cloning__________________ /微语境记单词、背吧，轻轻松松就能牢记18个单词！....... ，单词与短语 知识自主排查h ...............................默写识记打；撞击；罢工罢工 禁止；不准欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 打扰 操心 烦扰 扔；投；掷 退休；离开 不同；相异 着手；从事；承担反对；不赞成♦默写单词1. strike vi.&vt.n.2. forbid vt. 3 ・ owe vt. 4. vain adj, 5. bother vt.vi. n.6. cast vt. 7 ・ retire vi. 8 ・ differ vi.9 • undertake vt. 10. object vi.获得；赢得 抵抗；对抗义务的；强迫的；强制的 缺点；不利条件 商业的；贸易的 简单的；直接的；坦率的 程序；步骤；手续 任意的 假定；设想 获得；到达 规则；规章；法规 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 积累；聚积 最初的；开始的得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 沮丧；不愉快 赞成；支持一定或注定（做） ................... 使……刻骨铭心 不时;偶尔 使复生；使复活白费力气；枉费心机状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）联想拓展11. obtain vt. 12. resist vt.♦记住词义I • compulsory adj. 2. drawback n. 3. commercial adj. 4 • straightforward adj. 5. procedure n. 6. arbitrary adj. 7. assumption n. 8 - attain vt. 9. regulation n. 10. adore vt. II • accumulate vt.&vi. 12. initial adj.♦写出短语1 • pay off 2. cast down 3. in favour of 4. (be) bound to (do).・・5. strike...into one's heart6. from time to time7. bring back to life8. in vain9. in good/poor condition 副词后缀・ly 1. exactly 2. instantly准确地立刻明显地明显地 方便不能的；不会的不合理的；不公道的 不舒适的 不寻常的；独特的 不公平的偿还；报答；报复 为 ....... 付钱 3 • pay down 付定金4. from time to time不时；偶尔5 • (every) now and (every) then 有吋候6. once in a while 有时候； 偶尔 7 - at times 有时候； 偶尔4. obviously5. conveniently 否定前缀un ・ 1 • unable 2. unreasonable3 • uncomfortable 4. unusual 5. unfair 短语串记 1 • pay back 2 • pay for决不 经典例句8. in favour of (doing) sth.赞成（做）某事9. in favour of sb./ in one's favour对某人有利10. do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙11. ask for a favour请求帮助12. in condition健康；状态良好13. out of condition不健康；不能使用14 • unde 匚..condition在……情况下15. on condition that只要；条件是16 ・ under/on nocondition①The brain accounts for merely three percent of body weight.大脑仅占体重的3%o©Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.显然女孩彳门觉得整件事情一点也不好笑。
专题三 代词和介词考点一 代词一、人称代词他会借咖啡来浇愁。
Thank youfor your letter. 谢谢你的来信。
I bought a present for him . 我给他买了件礼物。
二、物主代词 这是你的座位吗，先生？The government has changed its policy. 政府已经改变了政策。
This is not my dictionary.Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。
This camera is mine and that is yours . 这部照相机是我的，那部是你的。
Every person showed his ticket ，and I showed mine too. 每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。
三、反身代词反身代词⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧作宾语⎩⎨⎧动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.汤姆自学了汉语。
介宾：You can't leave the baby by himself . 你不能把孩子独自留在那里。
作表语：She is not quite herself today.她今天不在状态。
作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. 我自己能修那辆自行车。
四、不定代词1．both ，all ，either ，any ，neither ，none 的区别in industrialized countries.在工业化国家，现在男性和女性都会活得更长。
2．one ，another ，the other ，some ，others ，the others 的区别①I have two books ；one is English ，and⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧the other one is French. 我有两本书；一本是英语书，一本是法语书。
②There are many books on the table ：some are English ；the others are French. 桌子上有很多书：一些是英语书，剩下的是法语书。
3．none ，nobody/no one ，nothing 的区别—None .——你有多少钱？ ——一点也没有。
If I had some money ，I would lend him some ，but unfortunately ，I have none .(none＝not any money)如果我有钱的话，我就借给他了，但遗憾的是，我没钱。
I wished someone could help me ，but there was no one at the moment.(no one ＝not anyone)我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。
4．many ，much ，few ，little ，a few ，a little 的区别＝much。
(2016·浙江高考)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.一位在她的实验台工作的科学家和一个六个月大的玩弄食物的孩子似乎没有共同之处。
5．one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those的区别＝a summer camp)based on your own interests.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。
(one代替“a/an＋单数名词”)考点二介词一、介词1．表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和nearShandong Province lies in the east of China.The picture is hanging on the wall.Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province. She was standing beside her mother.There is a supermarket near my home.2．表示方位的between 和amongThe teacher was standing among the students.3．表示方位的across，through，over和pastThe thief jumped over the fence and fled away.4．表示时间点的at，in和onHe has worked in this company since graduation.6．表示交通方式的by，in和onMy father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle. 7．表示“用……”的by，in和withAll the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink. They are busy digging with spades.8．表示“除……外”的except，except for 和besidesHis composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. He has learned German，French besides English.9．其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法①(表示态度)反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.②(表示对比)以……为背景The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.③(表示方位)倚靠着……The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.(2)beyond的用法①(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.②(表示时间)晚于……He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.③(表示程度)超出，非……所能及To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.(3)over的用法①(表示方位)越过The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.②(表示等级或数目)高于，在……之上，超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.③(表示时间或过程)在……期间I'm sorry I didn't phone you，but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(4)to的用法①(表示方向、距离)到，向，去It was on the way to the railway station.②(表示时间)直到……为止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.③(表示比较、比例、参照)与……相比，相对于……而言I prefer oranges to apples.④(表示对象关系)属于，对，给The hospital is attached to the university.⑤达到(某一点或某个限度)Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.(5)under的用法①在……下面，在……之下She placed the ladder under the window.②在……过程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.③(数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在……以下These toys are not suitable for children under five.④受……影响She's been under a lot of pressure at work.(6)with的用法①和……一起，和，同，跟Would you like to go shopping with me?②(表示同时或同一方向)随着With time going by，the little tree has grown up.③具有，带有The dictionary is what I want，but I don't have enough money with me.④由于，因为He trembled with fear.⑤(表示方式)用He cut it with a knife.二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。
(2016·四川高考)The common cold is a good example：women，on average，get fewer colds than men.普通感冒就是一个很好的例子：平均来说，女士比男士更少感冒。
常考介词短语1．介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at＋n.表示状态at a loss不知所措at breakfast早餐时at peace处于和平中at rest静止，不动at sea在海上，在航海at war在战争中(2)at＋n.表示时间at Christmas在圣诞节at dusk在黄昏at dawn在黎明at daybreak在拂晓at midnight在午夜at night在夜里at noon在正午at present目前(3)以at开头组成的短语at the beginning of在……的开始at the cost of以……的代价at the end of在……的尽头at the foot of在……脚下(4)on＋n.表示状态on line在工作(或运行) on sale出售，打折on show在展出on the decrease在减少on the go在忙碌中on the increase在增加on the way在途中on trial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语on account of因为on behalf of代表on condition that 在……的条件下，如果on no account/condition/occasion 决不on the basis of 以……为基础on the occasion of 在……时(6)by＋n.表示方式by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然by coincidence碰巧by force用暴力by hand用手工by mistake错误地by the day按天算by nature天生地by radio通过收音机(7)in＋n.表示方式in cash用现金付款in width在宽度上in depth在深度上in detail详细地in English用英语in height在海拔上in length在长度上in ink用墨水in shape在外形上in size在大小上(8)in＋n.表示状态in anger生气地in battle在战斗中in bed在床上in comfort舒适地in danger处于危险中in debt负债in delight高兴地in despair绝望in need需要in order按次序的；井然有序in peace平静地，平安地in practice在实践中in print已出版in prison在狱中in public公开地in rags穿着破烂in ruins成为废墟in secret秘密地(9)以in开头构成的介词短语in the face of面对in addition to另外in need of需要in no case决不in no time立刻in no way决不in respect of关于in response to作为回应in return作为回报in spite of尽管(10)of＋n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的of help有帮助的of importance重要的of interest有趣的of significance有意义的of use有用的(11)out of＋n.表示状态out of danger脱离危险out of date过期out of debt不欠债out of fashion不流行out of luck不走运out of mind发狂out of office在野out of order出故障out of patience不耐烦out of season过季out of shape走样，不成形out of sight看不到out of trouble摆脱困难out of work失业(12)under＋n.表示被动under attack遭到袭击under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中under way在进行中(13)以under开头的短语under the care of...在……的看护下under the command of...在……的统帅之下under the control of...在……控制下under the direction of...在……指导下(14)with＋n.表示情绪with anger生气地with confidence有信心地with courage英勇地with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty困难地with fear害怕地with interest有兴趣地with pleasure乐意地with pride骄傲地with satisfaction满意地(15)beyond＋n.表示“超出……，难以……”beyond compare无与伦比beyond comprehension难以理解beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt不用怀疑，确实beyond expression难以表达beyond measure非常；极其2．形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.＋aboutbe anxious about忧虑……be careful about小心……be concerned about担心……be curious about对……好奇be excited about对……感到兴奋(2)adj.＋atbe angry at恼怒于be astonished at对……吃惊be bad at不擅长be delighted at因……而高兴(3)adj.＋inbe absorbed in专注于be active in积极于be confident in对……有信心be diligent in勤于be dressed in穿着……be engaged in忙于……be excellent in在……方面优秀be experienced in在……方面有经验(4)adj.＋forbe anxious for急切盼望，渴望be eager for渴望be famous for以……著名be fit for适合，胜任be good for对……有益(5)adj.＋frombe absent from缺席be different from不同于be far from远离be free from不受……影响be safe from免受……的伤害(6)adj.＋tobe blind to对……是盲目的be close to接近be contrary to与……相反be deaf to不愿意听be devoted to致力于……be equal to等于……be fair to对……公平be familiar to被……所熟悉be friendly to对……友好be good to对……好be grateful to对……心存感激be harmful to对……有危害(7)adj.＋ofbe afraid of害怕be ashamed of为……感到羞耻be aware of意识到be capable of能够be composed of由……组成(8)adj.＋withby angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒be busy with忙于be combined with与……结合be concerned with与……有关；涉及，关心，关注be connected with与……有关核心考点针对练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·东营一模) is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.2．(2017·青岛一模)My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down，one on each side of (I)．3．(2017·资阳一诊) wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.4．(2017·汕头二模)This is 18-year-old Musa Bockarie's story about how first aid saved (he) life.5．(2017·青岛检测)In the winter of 1891，a certain college was having some trouble with (it)boy students.6．(2017·济南模拟)When he was 30，back in 1953，he was working a research assistant in the university. 【导学号：11470166】7．(2017·资阳一诊)“Speed up.70 kph isn't fast enough.You are holding up traffic，”ordered another voice from the seat next me.8．(2017·青岛模拟)The game was played two teams.9．(2017·河南中原名校模拟)I sat on the side of the stage，my script open on a music stand in front of me.10．(2017·安庆模拟)Even though our eyes are closed，they move rapidly from side side.【答案】1．It[句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，有比较贫困的社会经济背景的年轻人往往会表现不佳。
