专题八动词--------高新教学区马玉菊老师一动词的分类宾语：e.g. I like this film very much.双宾语（直，间）：e.g. Please pass me some salt.give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make,及物动词(Vt):offer, pass, teach, write, tell, read,(本身意义不完整+宾语) return, show…（注：to/ for ）实义动词复合宾语(宾+宾补):e.g. We call him Bill.(能独立作谓语)注:①不带to不定式/现在分词(make/let/have/see/watch/notice/hear…) ②被动语态to还原动不及物动词(V i): e.g. Horses run fast.(意思完整，不需接宾语) 注：①Vi+prep.: +n./pron. Look at the tree.②Vi+adv. : 位置pron.放中间n.放前/后V i→Vt③Vi+adv.+ prep: Let go on with the work.(只能放介词后)④Vi+n.+prep. He takes pride in doing a job well. (介词后)注：既是Vt又是Vi：study fly…①状态：表主语状态②持续：表示主语继续或保持一定状况或态度(keep, remain, rest, stay, lie, stand )系动词：③连系：看起来像(seem, appear, look ) e.g. He looks tired.词④感官：feel, smell, sound, taste… e.g. That sounds interesting.⑤变化：表示主语变成什么样( become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run…)+doing (构成进行时) e.g. I am walking.be +done (构成被动语态) e.g. Knives are used to cut things.+done (完成时)助动词：have(have has)+been doing (完成进行时)do(does did) 构成疑问，否定，倒装，强调will, shall, would, should ：will: 各种人称shall:第一人称情态动词：can, may, must, need, will, shall二动词的时态1 一般现在时定义: 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态.结构: 肯→主语+V原/V三单+其它（其他结构举例辨析）标志词：often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week…例句：I often go to school by bike.V原→V三单(与单n.→复n.区别)（1）一般情况+ s（2）o ,s , x ,sh, ch 结尾+es（3）辅音字母+y结尾变y为i + es（4）元音字母+ y结尾+s☆①用于表示客观事实或真理Teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.②A:现在时表将来（时间，条件状从）主将从现主祈从现主情从现If it rains tomorrow, we won‟t g o to the park.Hurry up, or we will be late.When I grow up, I will go to America.B：表示按规定或时间表预计将要发生的动作We are going to Changchun. Our plane takes off at 8:30.③here ,there ...开头的句子，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作There goes the bell.2 一般过去时定义: 表示过去某时间发生而现在已经结束了的动作或存在的状态结构：主语+V过去式+其它标志词：yesterday, last night, some years ago, in 2008, in the past, the other day, all that time, just now…例句：I got up at six o‟clock this morning.过去式，过去分词的变化规则（1）规则变化① V原+ed work-worked②辅音字母+y结y→i +ed study-studied③ e 结尾+d live-lived④重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一辅音字母双写辅音字母+ed stop-stopped(2) 不规则变化ABC ABB AAA ABA3 一般将来时（1）定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态结构：主语+will +V原+其它（主语是I/we 时，问句用shall）例句：They will leave for Shanghai next week.Where shall we meet tomorrow?(2) 定义：表示计划，打算将要做某事（有迹象表明要发生）结构：主语+be going to +V原+其它例句：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.标志词：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in 2012 in+一段时间..☆注:①will+V原与be going to +V原的区别②只能用will/shall+V原的情况A：表示邀请或命令时Will you please lend me your bike?B：表意愿时We will help him if he asks us.C：表单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.③be about to do sth./ be to do sth. →即将发生的动作I was about to leave when the phone rang.4 现在进行时定义：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态结构：主语+Vbe(am is are)+V ing +其它标志词：now these days look listen Can you see..？Can‟t you see..?...例句：What are you doing now?I am reading.V原→Ving的变化规则①直接+ing read-reading②去e +ing write-writing③双写+ing sit-sitting④变ie为y+ing die-dying lie-lying tie-tying注：（1）不用于进行时的动词①感觉：see hear②喜欢，厌恶hate love like③希望want would like④表状态be⑤归属have⑥表思维，知识或理解能力的动词know forget（2）瞬间动词在进行时中表将来(go, come, leave, start, begin..)The bus is coming.I am going to Shanghai this term.5 现在完成时定义：①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，②这一动作从过去就已经开始，一直持续到现在，将来有可能还会继续结构：主语+have/has+Vp.p.+其它例句：Have you had your lunch yet?Y es, I have. I …ve just had it.I have learned English for seven years.时间标志词：already: 肯定句V助之后，Vp.p.之前句末I have already watched the TV play.疑问句：已经句末yet: 否定句：还★since: + 时间点/I have lived in kunming since 2003.She has lived there since she was seven.★for: + 时间段Just: “刚刚” V助与Vp.p.之间ever: “曾经”疑问句否定句V助与Vp.p.之间never: “从来没有” 与before 连用，V助与Vp.p.之间I have never traveled before.before: “以前” 不确定的某个时间句末I haven‟t heard of it before.★V延续→V非延续borrow—keep open—be open buy---haveclose—be closed begin/start—be on go—be away died—be dead leave—be away wake up—be awake注：①have/has been tohave/has gone to (here, there 省→to)have been in /at②与一般过去时的区别A：侧重点不同：现完→与现在有关的时态，侧重于过去对现在的影响B：连用时间状语不同：现完→already yet..一般过去时→yesterday last night…6 过去进行时定义：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作结构：主语+was/were+V ing+其它标志词：then at that time this time yesterday at ten yesterday..例句：I was watching TV at nine yesterday evening.★注：（1）与always..连用表示频繁发生的习惯性动作，带有一定的感情色彩Alice was always changing her mind.(2)when /while 引导的主从复合句+时间点→V短暂when 动作可同时，先后发生+时间段→V延续while + 一段时间→ V延动作同时发生7 过去完成时定义：指到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态结构：主语+would+V原+其它标志词：by last week, be the end of last year, by the time..例句：She had left by the time I arrived．８过去将来时（１）定义：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或状态结构：主语＋would ＋Ｖ原＋其它（常用于宾从）例句：He said he would come to my house.（２）定义：表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作结构：主语＋was/were going to +V原例句：I thought it was going to rain soon.总结时态时间标志词三一些重点动词的用法与区别1 ①used to do sth.2 arrive in/at +大/小②be used to doing sth. 到达get to +地点名词③be used to do sth. reach +地点名词④be used for doing sth⑤be used as..3 borrow: ← borrow sth. from sb.4 dress(动作，状态) be dressed in +颜色衣服借lend : → lend sth. to sb.穿wear（状态）+ 衣帽，首饰，眼镜。
