Do Users Always Know What’s Good for Them Utilising Physiological Responses to Assess Medi
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英文名人名言佳句每日一句1. just has long arms. 天网恢恢,疏而不漏2. a good book is your best friend. 好书如挚友。
3. people do not lack strength; they lack will.人们不缺力气,缺的是决心。
4. 要牢记在心:每天都是一年中最美妙的日子。
to write it on your heart that every day is the happiest day in a year.5. we must aept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope martin luther king, jr.我们必需接受绝望,由于它是有限的,但千万不行失去盼望,由于它是无穷的。
马丁。
路德。
金6. do what you say,say what you do.做你说过的,说你能做的。
7. truth never fears investigation.事实从来不怕调查。
8. each bird love to hear himself sing.孤芳自赏。
9. the u.n. acts as the worlds nscience, and over eightyfive percent of the work that is done by the united nations is in the social, enomic, educational and cultural fields.联合国扮演着世界良知的角色,而他们的工作85%以上在社会、经济、教育和文化领域。
10. like a rat in a hole.瓮中之鳖。
11. you can’t have a better tomorrow if you don’t s thinking about yesterday.假如你无法忘掉昨天,就不会有一个更好的明天。
人教版高中英语必修四Unit4单元测试题及答案(含听力材料)蹇呬慨4绗?(鎬诲垎120鍒?よ妭锛屾弧鍒?0鍒嗭級?鍏? 1.5鍒?婊″垎7.5鍒???殑A,骞舵爣鍦ㄨ瘯鍗风殑鐩,浣犻兘鏈?0绉掗挓鐨勬椂闂存潵鍥炵瓟?1. What happened to the man this morning? A. He couldn鈥檛talk. B. His car broke down. C. He was knocked down by a car. 2. What time is it now? A. 5:30. B. 5:45. C. 6:30. 3. What are the two speakers talking about? A. The man鈥檚vacation. B. Koala. C. A funny man. 4. What is Simon like? A. He is friendly. B. He is funny. C. He is troublesome. 5. What does the woman mean? A. She is tired of training. B. She enjoys the teamwork. C. She likes the 10-minute show. ?鍏?51.5鍒?婊″垎22.5鍒? ?,A銆丅銆丆涓変釜閫夐」,硅瘽鎴栫嫭鐧藉墠,?姣忓皬棰?绉掗挓锛涘惉瀹屽悗,姣忓皬棰樺皢缁欏嚭5?6娈垫潗鏂?鍥炵瓟绗?銆?棰樸€?6. What does the woman think of working in IT? A. The work is not good. B. The work is very hard. C. The work has two advantages. 7. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. The man shouldn鈥檛be in IT. B. The man should work hard. C. The man should take better care of himself. 7娈垫潗鏂?鍥炵瓟绗?鑷?0棰樸€?8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Teammates. C.Classmates. 9. Which sport does the man like best? A. Baseball. B. Tennis. C. Basketball. 10. What does the woman mean by saying "sorry"? A. She has never done sports herself. B. She doesn鈥檛like those sports. C. She has no time to play tennis.8娈垫潗鏂?鍥炵瓟绗?1鑷?3棰樸€?11. What is the man? A. A story-teller.B. A teacher.C. A doctor. 12. What is the problem of the woman鈥檚son? A. He cannot tell stories well. B. He is poor in all his subjects. C. He is only interested in Chinese. 13. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Take her son to the hospital. B. Bring her son to meet him. C. Teach her son to have more interests.9娈垫潗鏂?鍥炵瓟绗?4鑷?7棰樸€?14. What is the woman鈥檚article about?A. Growing old.B. Enjoying life.C. Understanding the world. 15. What is the man鈥檚opinion? A. Life is simple now. B. Life is getting better. C. It鈥檚hard to grow old.16. What about other people? A. They are enjoying getting older. B. They get better as they get older. C. They refuse to stay young. 17. How does the woman feel about growing old? A. It鈥檚hard. B. It鈥檚natural. C. It鈥檚good. 10娈垫潗鏂?鍥炵瓟绗?8鑷?0 棰樸€?18. What does the passage talk about? A. How to do exercise every day. B. How to get a good eating habit. C. How to build muscle mass.19. What is a good way to build muscle mass? A. Weight training. B. Cut out milk and fruit juice. C. Do exercise together with your teacher. 20. Which of the following should you eat or drink to gain weight? A. Baked chicken. B. High-sugar sodas. C. Fried chicken nuggets.鍒?5鍒嗭級?鍏?51鍒?婊″垎15鍒? 浠嶢銆丅銆丆銆丏鍥涗釜閫夐」涓?浣抽€夐」銆?21. As it was his first time to visit the science museum, the boy seemed ________ about everything there. A. anxious B. curious C. particular D. frightened 22. As we all know, the dove and the olive branch ______ peace. A. present B. mark C. replace D. represent 23. The kids seated themselves ______ to the teacher and listened _______ with great interest. A. closely; close B. close; closely C.closely; closely D. close; close 24. The little boy ________ for the apples on the tree, but of course he was not tall enough. A. handed out B. went out C. reached out D. brought out 25. Daddy didn鈥檛mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having 26. Children, who grow up in a large family, are more _______ to get along well with others. A. similar B. probable C. likely D. possible 27.As a bus driver, you should try your best to _______ accidents.A. meetB. avoidC. overcomeD. miss 28. What really brings us together is a(n)________ purpose to protect wildlife from being destroyed. A. common B. general C. ordinary D. normal 29. We should do all we can to ______ the rights of the farmer workers who can鈥檛get their pay despite all their hard work. A. gain B. defend C. fight D. receive 30. The woman wanted to get her pay raised, so she made every_________ to approach her boss. A. effort B. strength C. courage D. mind 31. Can you think of a situation ________ people communicate only by means of body language?A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 32. New York _______ second in the production of apples last year, producing 850,000,000 pounds. A. formed B. ranked C. located D. produced 33. _________ the guide, the reporter entered the house of the farmer who is famous for helping other villagers get rich. A. Followed B. Being followed C. Following D. To follow 34. Don鈥檛_________ me. What I really mean is that he is smart and can deal with each situation well. A. believe B. refuse C. misunderstand D. disappoint 35. 鈥昚ou haven鈥檛been to Australia, have you? 鈥昣________. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven鈥檛C. No, I have D. No, I haven 鈥檛?鍏?0 1.5鍒?婊″垎30鍒? 闃,?閫夊?People spend their whole lives searching for love. I am no 36 . One day, I decided to look into the 37 . There was 38 waiting for me. The dog had been found with only three legs, and had a damaged ear. He was considered 39 . I often 40 out at the Humane Society (鍔ㄧ墿淇濇姢鍗忎細) or made some do-nations. That day I was 41 something as usual, and happened to see him. Looking down through the wire net, I thought he was a 42 little thing, and my heart went out to him. 43 I really couldn鈥檛take another dog home;I had claimed (棰嗗吇) four 44 . There had to be a 45 , I thought. I couldn鈥檛save them all. On my way home, I knew the dog would be 46 if I didn鈥檛take him, and I felt so sad. As I passed a church, I saw a 47 on the wall saying "Is there room at the hotel?" I knew at that moment there was always 48 for one more, especially one that needed my 49 . As soon as the Humane Society opened the next morning, their 50 rang. "I鈥檓coming for that 51 dog. Save him for me, "I told them. I got there as 52 as I could. And he gave his heart to me completely, from the moment I 53 him. In my experience, there is 54 like the feeling of rescuing the dog. He is a lovely creature and I wouldn鈥檛55 him for other puppies (骞肩姮) in the world. 36. A. similar B. curious C. different D. doubtful 37. A. zoo B. world C. crowd D. cage 38. A. love B. mystery C. comfort D. inspiration 39. A. dangerous B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unfriendly40. A. helped B. examined C. conducted D. watched 41. A. looking for B. giving awayC. picking outD. bringing back 42. A. happy B. lovely C. strange D. funny 43. A. So B. And C. But D. Though 44. A. once B. even C. still D. already 45. A. chance B. disadvantage C. limit D. doubt 46. A. destroyed B. fastened C. threatened D. controlled 47. A. photo B. sign C. clue D. door 48. A. room B. time C. excuse D. problem 49. A. treatment B. promise C. guidance D. love 50. A. doorbell B. alarm C. phone D. clock 51. A. pretty B. ugly C. rare D. disabled 52. A. early B. fast C. soon D. long 53. A. found B. met C. claimed D. controlled 54. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 55. A. charge B. protect C. fight D. tradeВ锛堝叡102鍒嗭紝婊″垎20鍒嗭級,A銆丅銆丆銆丏鍥涗釜閫夐」涓?閫夊嚭鏈€浣抽€夐」銆?A 闅惧害:鈽?The "Thumbs-Up" While Western culture has become used to the thumbs-up as a positive signal (probably coming from World War II pilotsusing the signal to communicate that they were "good to go" with ground crews), there are cultures where a thumbs-up may land you in trouble. In West Africa, as well as Greece, Italy and Middle East, the thumbs-up is pretty much the biggest insult(渚). Rather more charming is a thumbs-up in Germany and in parts of Japan 鈥晅hey just see it as the hand signal for the number one. The "A-OK" This sign is mainly used by divers(娼滄按鍛?to mean "OK"(to prevent being confused with thethumbs-up sign, which means "rise"). Basically the meaning comes out as "great", or "completely fine". However, in a few countries in Europe, people may think you鈥檙e telling them that you think they鈥檙e a 'zero鈥? The "V Sign" The sign comes in two formats: one with the palm faced outwards, and one with the palm inwards. In America they mean the same thing 鈥?victory". However, if the outside of your hand is facing your target, you鈥檙e giving somebody a long-established insult in Great Britain and many English-speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and New Zealand. Winston Churchill famously used the "incorrect" version of the V sign during the early years of the war, turning the outside inside later. The V sign is also considered rude in Italy. The "Corna" The corna hand gesture has most recently been adopted by fans of rock and heavy metal music. Nowadays many Americans use the gesture simply to mean "rock on", or in support of the University of Texas in Austin (known as the "Hook鈥檈m Horns"). Today it is still popular in Spain, Brazil and Slovakia () . Historically, however, the symbol possibly dates back to Ancient Greece. 56. Which of the following signs doesn鈥檛have an insulting meaning? A. The "Thumbs-Up". B. The "A-OK". C. The "V Sign". D. The "Corna". 57. The pilots in World War II used to make the "Thumbs-Up" sign to show _________. A. the plane was very good B. the plane was ready to take off C. they were going to land on the ground D. they were thankful to the ground crews 58. What information can we get from the passage? A. The "V Sign" was first used by Winston Churchill. B. Italians often use the "Thumbs-Up" to praise others. C. You are most likely to see the"Corna" in a heavy metal music concert. D. The "A-OK" and the "Thumbs-Up" have the same meaning to divers. 59. If you travel abroad, you 鈥檇better not use the "V Sign" in ______________. A. Greece or Italy B. Germany or Japan C. Ireland or Italy D. Spain or Brazil B 闅惧害:鈽呪槄The 1960 Presidential Debates between Vice President Nixon and Kennedy were the first nationally televised de-bates in presidential campaign history. 70 million voters were given the opportunity to not only hear the candidates (鍊欓€変汉), but to compare them as well. Surprisingly, there was a big difference between the TV viewers and the radio listeners. While the radio listeners clearly thought that Nixon had won the first debate, the television viewers were impressed by Kennedy鈥檚smile, charm and athletic appearance. Now let鈥檚think about some other situations: what if a baseball manager knew the opposing team鈥檚signals and were able to anticipate (棰勬湡)their game plan? Likewise, as a professional salesperson, you would be wise to notice your customers鈥檅ody language and adjust your presentation accordingly. Top salespeople recognize the importance of non-verbal communication. They understand that oneof the easiest and most effective ways to close sales is to be aware of their customers 鈥檅uy signals. In addition to monitoring your customers鈥檅ody language, it鈥檚important to be mindful of your own gestures and keep them positive. Remember to unfold your arms, uncross your legs, nod your head in agreement and smile frequently. Matching and mirroring your body language gestures is a way of telling another that you like them and agree with them. The psychological principle behind matching and mirroring is that people want to do business with salespeople thatthey believe are similar to them. In 1872, Charles Darwin published the book The Expressions in Man and Animals and launched the modern study of non-verbal communication. Actually, it is a mixture of movement, posture and tone of voice. 60. The example of the 1960 Presidential Debates is used to show __________. A. the presidential debates were always fierce B. the debates always attracted a wideaudience C. the voters paid more attention to the candidates鈥檇ebating skills D. the voters鈥檕pinions were affected by the candidates鈥檔on-verbal communication 61. Salespeople can close sales effectively because they can__________. A. perform body language well B. notice their customers鈥檅ody language C. adjust their body language to their customers鈥?D. understand what their customers鈥檃re saying 62. Charles Darwin wrote the book The Expressions in Man and Animals to _________. A. report his research on body language B. conclude man can learn a lot from animals C. teach people how to communicate with animals D. show the big difference between man and animals C 闅惧害:鈽呪槄鈽?In the US and Canada winter swimmers are called Polar Bears, but in Finland they鈥檙e just called Finns. Why and how do people swim in near-freezing water during the winter? An ice hole in a lake, sub-zero (闆跺害浠ヤ笅鐨? temperatures, a bathing suit, a wool cap, gloves, and shoes are for some people the perfect conditions for a quick dip in the water. Winter swimming is an activity that I never thought of before moving to Finland, but those who take part in the cold-water sport absolutely love it. My Finnish friend Katariina is the winter swimming leader of a group of international friends. She has been winter swimming for three years, and says, "every time I get out of the water, I have a new level of energy. "Katariina has persuaded many people, both Finns and foreigners, to try this sport, and has a group of winter swimming lovers who swim with her twice per week. The best conditions for winter swimming are -15 to -20 degrees with no wind. Katariina says that the hardest part, especially for beginners, is to psych () yourself up for the water; but once you do, it feels great. Swimmers only stay in the water for 30-60 seconds before getting out, getting dressed, and heading to the comfort of their warm cars. Winter swimmers do not put their heads in the water in case of hypothermia (浣撴俯杩囦綆). Katariina says that foreigners who go winter swimming feel proud of themselves, and happy that they have tried it at least once. 63. What are Finns and Polar Bears,according to this passage? A. They are people who love winter swimming. B. The names of animals living in Finland and at the South Pole. C. They are beginners at winter swimming. D. The people of Finland. 64. What are perfect conditions for winter swimming? A. A lake with ice, but warm weather. B. A warm car, and a frozen lake nearby. C. An icy lake of -15鈩僼o -20鈩僿ithout wind. D. A bathing suit, a wool cap and gloves. 65. What鈥檚the most difficult for winter swimming beginners? A. Preparing things for winter swimming. B. Persuading themselves to get into the winter. C. Getting into the water again. D. Staying longer in the water.鍐欎綔锛堝叡涓よ妭锛屾弧鍒?5鍒嗭級?鍏?01鍒?婊″垎10鍒? One day, a old man was in a hurry to cross the street.66. _______ He saw a car come. "Never mind," he thought. "I can 67. _______ run cross before it reaches me." He was wrong. Fortunately 68. _______ the driver stopped the car in time, and he didn鈥檛have 69. _______ time to think of the cars that was behind him. As a 70. _______ result, the second car ran into the first one and the 71. _______ third car ran into a post by roadside. All of the 72. _______ cars were broking. The drivers were all very angry. 73. _______ They quarreled with one another, and shouting at the 74. _______ old man, but none of them could do anything until the police has arrived to solve the matter. 75. _______闈㈣〃杈?婊″垎15鍒? ,浗鏈嬪弸Bob鍑轰簡浜嬫晠,?Bob? 1.,鎵撶畻鏄熸湡浜斾笅鍗堟淳浣犱负浠h〃鍘紱2.,绛変粬鍑洪櫌鍚?浣犱滑浼氬府浠栬刀涓婏紱?璇蜂粬鍛婄煡锛?3.甯屾湜浠栧湪鐥呭簥涓婁笉瑕佽繃浜庢偛浼?绁濇効浠栨棭鏃ュ悍澶嶃€?娉ㄦ剰:(1) 鍙傝€冭瘝姹?on behalf of 浠h〃锛?(2)璇嶆暟:100宸﹀彸銆?__________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _______________ ?Diving around Halaveli Island was a really unforgettable experience. I participated in a day diving trip that had lunch on the boat. We went to Maalhoss Thila first. The current (姘存祦) can be very strong here but we were lucky and had a mild one. We enjoyed all the different colors of coral and fish. The maximum depth of this dive was 30m, and we stayed for about 40 minutes. The water was reasonably warm, so I was not cold only wearing ashort-sleeved wetsuit. I was a bit worried about having lunch on the boat, as sometimes my stomach feels bad, but it was perfectly fine this time 鈥昿erhaps because the boat had not stopped and was moving toward the other dive place, or because the size of the boat was reasonably large. Our next diving place was called Manta. And as expected, the huge Manta was soon around us. It is one of the most exciting moments I have had in my life. We only dove to 14m this time, which allowed us to stay a bit longer 鈥昦lmost 50 minutes. On the way back all the women took strategic position on the deck, sunbathing and relaxing, while the men were getting bored and ate the leftovers from lunch. No matter how different we were, we all enjoyed our trip. Another dive I would like to recommend(鎺ㄨ崘)is called Maaya Thila, and it is the best night dive I have ever had. We saw a huge turtle sleeping in a cave, and sharks playfully chasing each other. They did not look friendly at all, but fortunately they did not decided to have us for dinner. But anyway what happened that night under water will remain a fond memory to be retold on specialoccasions by all the participants. It will be told with a smile on our faces. 1. What information can we get from the passage? A. The author enjoyed different colors of fish in Manta. B. Diving in Maaya Thila is one of the most unforgettable experience for the author. C. The author dove into Maaya Thila and stayed there for 50 minutes.D. There were no dangerous sharks in Maaya Thila. 2. The author was worried about having lunch on the boat because __________. A. the boat was not stopped B. it was moving toward the other dive place C. the boat was not big enough D. he / she felt sick when eating on boats 3. How many diving places are mentioned in the passage?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4. 4. We learn from the last paragraph that ________. A. Maaya Thila was only suitable for a night dive B. many people had been killed at Maaya Thila C. Maaya Thila is popular among all the participants D. few people have the courage to dive at Maaya Thila 5. The author wrote this passage to ________. A. share some wonderful experiences of diving with readers B. make an attractive advertisement for a famous park C. give you some tips when you go out for a dive D. tell the readers how to spend a weekend or a long holiday鍙傝€冪瓟妗?1-5 BACCB 6-10 BCCBA11-15 BCBAB 16-20 BACAA 21-25 BDBCD26-30 CBABA 31-35 CBCCD 36-40 CDACA 41-45 BBCDC 46-50 ABADC 51-55 DBCAD 56-60 DBCCD 61-65 CAACB 66. 鈫抋n 67. come 鈫抍oming 68. cross 鈫抋cross 69. and 鈫抌ut 70. was 鈫抴ere 71. 鈭?2. roadside鍓嶅姞the 73. broking鈫抌roken 74. shouting鈫抯houted 75. 鍘绘帀has 涔﹂潰琛ㄨ揪(One possible version) Dear Bob, We were just told about the accident you had. I鈥檓sorry to hear about it and our other classmates are all sad about the news. I 鈥檓going to see you on behalf of others on this Friday afternoon. I will bring you a couple of books you will enjoy. We will help you to catch up in school as soon as you are out of hospital. If there is anything else we can do for you, please let me know. All of us send our best wishes for your quick recovery. Don鈥檛worry about your studies. We do hope that you will not be too sad in bed and that you will recoversoon. Sincerely yours, Li Hua? 1-5 BDCCA Text1 W: Why didn鈥檛you show up for class this morning? M: I don鈥檛even want to talk about it. My car broke down. Text2www. M: Mum, it鈥檚a quarter to 6 now. Time for the CBS TV show! W: Not exactly, honey, our clock is 15 minutes fast.Text3 W: I had a great time in Australia. I met a very cute old man with eyes like a koala. M: What鈥檚his name? W: I forgot his name, so I just call him "Koala Man". Text4 M: Don鈥檛you like my friends, Lily? W: They鈥檙e great! But I think Simon is a pain; he likes to make fun of others.Text5 W: I鈥檝e been training for over 20 days to be a volunteer, but only for a10-minute show. M: You must be tired out. W: Oh, it鈥檚not so bad. I like to work as a team.Text6 M: I think I鈥檇like to be in IT. W: That鈥檚good work, but you know, every coin has two sides. My brother works in IT, usually a hard 15-hour day. He was found to have high blood pressure when he was only 25. M: Well, what should I do then? W: Don鈥檛be worried. Just take care of your health, have regular meals and sleep well, and then everything should be OK.Text7 W: Hi, you鈥檙e new, aren鈥檛you? M: Yes, I am. And I like making friends. W: Me too. Do you have any hobbies? M: Yes, I like sports very much. I like baseball a lot 鈥昩ut I guess I like tennis better. W: Do you often play tennis? M: Yes, quite a bit. How about a game sometime after class? W: Sorry. I鈥檓strictly a spectator 鈥晅ennis, football, baseball, basketball, golf ... I watch them all, but I don鈥檛do any sports myself.Text8 W: I am sorry to say I have a problem. You work in the school and you educate the kids well. M: Yes. Quite right. What鈥檚up? W: Well. My son is always studying Chinese rather than other subjects after school. I want him to do well in all subjects. M: That鈥檚not common for a kid of his age. Do you often tell him stories beforeschool? W: Yes. I like Chinese too. I think this may affect him a little. M: That鈥檚it. Tomorrow bring your son here and I鈥檒l talk with him. I鈥檓sure we can find him other interests. W: Thank you very much.Text9 W: I鈥檓working on an article about growing older. Can you give me some tips? M: Err ... I can tell you how I feel about it. W: Sure, go ahead. M: As I get older, I get a better understanding of the world. It鈥檚not as simple as I thought 10 years ago. W: So is life getting better or worse, in your eyes? M: I鈥檇say I鈥檓getting better at enjoying the present. W: What about other people? Do you think they all agree with you? M: I can鈥檛say, but it seems that lots of people get better with age. W: I see. But I find it hard to get older. M: It鈥檚natural. Nobody would refuse to stay young, but you will understand more about the world. W: Thank you. What you鈥檝e said does help me a lot. M: Well, I hope so. Good luck to you!Text10 Trying to get bigger? We have some eating and exercising tips that will help you gain weight! First, to build muscle mass you have to do the right exercise. Weight training is good because it uses resistance which builds muscle mass. Make sure to ask your coaches, PE teacher or a doctor for help before using weights 鈥晅hey can be dangerous to your health if you don鈥檛use them the right way, or if you鈥檙e too young. Second, cut out foods that are fried, like French fries, chicken nuggets and fish sticks. Choose healthy foods like baked chicken, fish and potatoes. Then, make sure to drink healthy beverages like water, milk and fruit juice. Stay away fromhigh-sugar sodas 鈥晅hey add bad calories and have no nutrition. It鈥檚also a good idea to eat a lot of protein, 30 minutes after a workout. Once again, this will help build muscle mass. If you eat a lot of healthy food and mix it in with weight training or resistance-based exercises, you will gain good weight.。
七年级英语上册重点单词短语句型汇总:Unit3涓冨勾绾ц?/鍙ュ瀷姹囨€伙細Unit3 Unit3 Is this your pencil??1. your schoolbag 浣犵殑涔﹀寘2. his green pen 浠栫殑缁胯壊鐨勯挗绗?3. Anna鈥檚books4. her dictionary 濂圭殑瀛楀吀5. ask the teacher for ... 鍚戣€佸笀瑕佲€︹€?6. thank you for ... 鍥?.......7. computer games 鐢佃剳娓告垙8. in Classroom 7E 鍦? E ?9. in the school library10. call me 缁欐垜鎵撶數璇?11. call me at 495-3539 鎷? 9 5 -3 5 3 9鎵撶數璇濈粰鎴?12. e-mail me at...13. my school ID card 鎴戠殑瀛︾敓鍗?14. a set of keys 涓€涓查挜鍖?15. some keys 涓€浜涢挜鍖?銆愰噸鐐瑰彞鍨嬨€?1. 鈥?What鈥檚this? 杩欐槸浠€涔堬紵鈥旾t鈥檚 a watch. 涓€鍧楁墜琛ㄣ€?鈥旽ow do you spell it? ?W-A-T-C-H. W-A-T-C-H銆?2.鈥旾s this/that your pencil? 杩欐槸/閭f槸浣犵殑閾呯瑪鍚楋紵鈥昚es, it is. It鈥檚mine. /No, it isn鈥檛. It鈥檚his.€??3.鈥旹xcuse me锛宨s this your pencil? 鎵撴壈涓€涓嬶紝璇烽棶杩欐槸浣犵殑閾呯瑪鍚楋紵鈥昚es锛宼hank you. ?4.鈥旳re these your books?鈥昚es, they are. They are mine. ?5. 涓€Are those your keys? ?鈥昇o锛宼hey aren鈥檛. They鈥檙e Bob. ?6. Thank you for your help. ?7. 鈥昑he blue pen is his. ?鈥昗hat about this dictionary? ?8.I lost my school ID card. I must find it.?銆愰噸鐐瑰崟璇嶃€?pencil /'pensl/ n. 閾呯瑪book /buk/ n. 涔?eraser /i'reiz蓹/ n. 姗$毊box /b蓲ks/ n. 绠憋紱鐩?pencil box 閾呯瑪鐩掞紱鏂囧叿鐩?schoolbag /'sku:lb忙g/ n. 涔﹀寘dictionary /'dik蕛蓹n蓹ri/ n. 璇嶅吀锛涘瓧鍏?his /hiz/ pron. 浠栫殑mine /main/ pron. 鎴戠殑hers /h蓹:z/ pron. 濂圭殑excuse /ik'skju:z/ v. ?me /mi:/ pron. (I?鎴?excuse methank /胃忙艐k/ v. 鎰熻阿锛涜阿璋?teacher /'ti:t蕛蓹/ n. 鑰佸笀锛涙暀甯?about /蓹'baut/ prep. 鍏充簬What about...?(璇㈤棶娑堟伅鎴栨彁鍑哄缓璁?.鎬庝箞鏍凤紵yours /j蓴:z/ pron.for /f蓴:/ prep.thank you for... 涓?.....鑰屾劅璋?help /help/ v.&n. ?welcome /'welk蓹m/ adj.You're welcome. ?baseball /'beisb蓴:l/ n. 妫掔悆watch /w蓲t蕛/ n.computer /k蓹m'pju:t蓹/ n. 璁$畻鏈猴紱鐢佃剳game /geim/ n.card /k锟斤拷:d/ n. 鍗$墖ID card ?notebook /'n蓹utbuk/ n. ?ring /ri艐/ n. 鎴掓寚bag /b忙g/ n. 琚嬶紱鍖?in /in/ prep. 鍦?.....閲?library /'laibr蓹ri/ n. 鍥句功棣?ask /锟斤拷:sk/ v.ask...for... 璇锋眰锛涙伋姹?缁欎簣)find /faind/ v. (杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝found)鎵惧埌锛涘彂鐜?some /s蕦m/ adj. 涓€浜涳紱鏌愪簺classroom /'kl锟斤拷:sru:m/ n.e-mail /'emeil/ n. (=email)at /忙t/ prep. ?) call /k蓴:l/ v. (缁?.....)鎵撶數璇?lost /l蓲st/ v. (鍔ㄨ瘝lose鐨勮繃鍘诲紡)閬楀け锛涗涪澶?must /m蕦st/ modal v. 蹇呴』set /set/ n. ?a set of ?。
2012版七年级上册英语词汇运用选填复习题(含答案)璇嶆眹杩愮敤?鍒嗭級銆?lose 锛?they our 锛?woman锛?he 锛宑hild锛?some 锛?get up, go ,not have , teach36.They are those ____________ bags . 37.There aren鈥檛_________ pictures in the book. 38.It鈥檚time _________ . 39.The keys of the door ____________. 40. These sweaters are ________________. _____________ are on the chair. 41. Sue and I are __________________ teachers. 42.Let_____________ look at the picture.43.Mr. Green and Mrs. always____________ to work at 8:00. 44. Your parent________________ a watch. 45. Jim鈥檚fatherand brotherare both __________ V15鍒嗭級song paint classmate .play Saturday sing friend music swim same different pictureI have four good __41____. They鈥檙e Jennifer, Victor, Cindy and Leila. We are in the _42____ class. So we鈥檙e _43______ too. Jennifer swims very well, she wants to join the ___44____ club. Then she can swim on ___45____or Sundays. Victor wants to join the art club because he is good at __46______. Cindy is a pop music fan. She can sing a lot of __47___. So she wants to join the __48____ club. Leila wants to join the music club because she __49____ the violin very well. And she wants to be a ___50____ when she grows up(闀垮ぇ). I like them . V 41friends 42same43classmates 44swimming 45Saturdays 46painting 47songs 48singing 49plays50musicianVI. Describe the pictures.?get up 6:00 run 6:30 eat breakfast 7:00 go to school 8:00 Dear Miss Smith: I鈥檓happy to tell you something about my school day. I usually (1)______ up at around six. I run at around six (2)_______, and then Ieat (3)______ at around seven. At (4)_______, I go to(5)_______. Classes begin at nine. I like my school day. Lucy10?鍒嗭紝鍏?0鍒嗭級绾夸笂锛屾瘡绌轰竴璇嶃€?I, play, sport, boring, think, they, interesting, good, for, in66 name is George. I have three good friends. 67 are Sandy, Steven and Mary. We like sports very much. I like basketball.I 68 playing basketball is 69 . Sandy and Steven don't like 70 basketballs. They think it is 71 . They like soccer. They play soccer 72 the afternoon. Mary is a nice girl. She likes volleyball. She plays it very 73 . It's relaxing 74 her to play volleyball. 75 are good for us. (66) (67) (68) (69) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74) (75)10鍒嗭級Where don鈥檛tidy are always71. My sister, Anna __________ has a good time at school. 72. My room is ______ , but Gina鈥檚is not. 73. _______ is my ruler? 74. The keys __________ on the dresser. 75. Sorry, I _______ know.10鍒嗭級There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, fall and winter. In spring, the weather is warm. It is a good season for 1 锛坔ike锛? This is a 2 锛坔ope锛塻eason. Summer 3 锛坈ome锛塧fter spring. It is very hot. The children like to go 4 锛坰wim锛? It often rains and sometimes it rains 5 锛坔eavy锛? In fall it is cool. It鈥檚a good time 6 锛坓o锛塰iking. The farmers are busy 7 锛坔arvest锛? The 8 锛坙eaf锛塮all from the trees. Winter is a very cold season in the year. The wind blows 9 锛坰trong锛? Sometimes it snows, and we can make 10 锛坰nowman锛?锟斤拷1. ________2. ________3. ________4. ________5. ________ 6. ________7. ________8. ________9. ________10. ________1.hiking2.hopefules4.swimming5.heavily6.to go7.harvesting8.leaves 9.strongly 10.snowmen X|k |B| 1 . c|O |m .锛?0鍒嗭級Hello! My name is Mike. I am from the USA. Now I鈥檓in China with my p76.I like China. I like Chinese food, too. I have b77 at home. I eat eggs, b78 and bananas.I don鈥檛l79 milk. I have no time锛堟椂闂达級to go home for lunch. So I have it at school. The lunch in our school is good. I can have different锛堜笉鍚岀殑锛?f 80 for lunch. I eat r 81, meat and vegetables. Sometimes锛堟湁鏃讹級I have noodles and dumplings. I have dinner at home w82 my parents. W83 have fish锛堥奔锛? meat(鑲?, vegetables, and f84. Sometimes we go out to e85 with our friends. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85涓€.剰澶у皬鍐欏拰璇嶅舰鍙樺寲銆傦紙鍏?鍒嗭級and , work , about , take , excuse , sale 1. I like music. How ___________ you, Linda? 2. ___________ me. Are you Mr White from America? 3. My brother often ___________ a shower at seven o鈥檆lock. 4. Oh, look at those green shorts. They are on ___________ for just $ 25! 5. The basketball game is Oct. 10th ___________ the school trip is Oct. 25th. 6. My father usually goes to ___________ at eight o鈥檆lock in the morning. . 閫夎61鍒嗭級1. about 2. Excuse 3. takes 4. sale 5. and 6. workVI. ?姣忕┖1鍒? 鍏?鍒? she, five , start , party, usual,26锛嶰ur class usually has two or three English _______ each year. 27锛嶮ay is the _______ month of the year. My birthday is in May. 28锛嶵hey ________ have milk, eggs and some fruit for breakfast. 29锛嶮ary can鈥檛find _______ ID carD锛嶴he is quite worried. 30锛嶴chool _______ late in America, so students can have lots of time to do sports in the morning. VI锛?6锛巔arties 27锛巉ifth 28锛巙sually 29锛巋er 30锛巗tartsX. ?姣忓皬棰?鍒嗭紝鍏?0鍒? 浠庝笅闈㈡柟妗嗕腑閫夋嫨閫傚?A锛巄ig B锛巋as C锛巇oesn鈥檛like D锛巓r E. do F. small G. plays H. glasses I. watching J. healthy K. in L. eats Rick is a fat man. He gets up late锛堟櫄锛塤__66___ the morning . He has a ___67__ breakfast every morning. He has some meat, three ___68___ four eggs and some pieces of bread(闈㈠寘). He drinks two ___69___of milk, some apple juice, a cup of coffee and some fruit. His wife, Vicky, ___70___ a cup of tea, a piece of bread and a banana for breakfast. Rick ___71___ any ball games. He thinks they are too hard for him, but he likes listening to the music and ___72___ TV and he doesn鈥檛___73___ any housework(瀹跺姟). Vicky ___74___ sports every day. In fact, she is in a swimming club. So she is very ___75___. X锛?6锛嶬67锛嶢68锛嶥69锛嶩70锛嶣71.C 72.I 73锛嶦74锛嶨75锛嶫(A) 屾垚涓嬮潰浠嬬粛鎴愰緳鐨勭煭鏂囷紝姣忕┖涓€璇嶃€傦紙5鍒嗭級Jackie Chan was born __101___ April. 7th, 1954锛巌n Hong Kong. He is a great successful __102___. He is good at Chinese kung fu. 鈥淩ush Hour I and Rush Hour II鈥?are great __103___ movies. The movies are very ___104___. Jackie Chan is a kind man. He likes to give a hand to the poor(绌? people. His movie Rush Hour III will be on show soon. Come and __105___his new movie. (A)锛?01锛巓n 102锛巃ctor 103锛巃ction 104锛巈xciting/successful/great/wonderful 105锛巗ee/watch。
八年级英语下Unit5第一课时课件教案(牛津译林版)Unit 5 Good manners Comic strip & Welcome to the unit欏垰I. Teaching aims and learning objectives By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. know different kinds of knowledge about manners; 2. talk about how to act politely in public; II. Teaching contents 1. New words and phrases: manners, eh, politely, litter, tap, run, pick, obey, queue, turn, cut in (on sb./sth.), drop litter everywhere, leave the tap running, obey traffic rules, queue for your turn 2. New structures: We should/shouldn鈥檛鈥?We can/can鈥檛鈥?Don鈥檛/Always 鈥?You are old enough to learn about manners. You鈥檙e never too old to learn. III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty To talk about how to act politely in public in English. IV. Teaching procedures Welcome to the unit Step 1 Lead-in Watch a video T: Watch a video about good manners.В涓€浜涘叧浜庤嫳鏂囩殑绀艰矊鐢ㄨ?Step 2 Presentation 1. Show some pictures about good manners and bad manners , to learn some new words and phrases. 銆愯?2. Look and learn T: I think you all know what to do in your daily life. It鈥檚time for me to check that. First, look at the pictures. Can we ...? I鈥檓afraid not. What should we do? We should always鈥?We shouldn鈥檛鈥?T: Look at the girl. Can she 鈥? Of course not. What should she do? She should 鈥?T: What鈥檚this? It鈥檚a tap. Is it good manners to鈥?after use? I鈥檓afraid not. What 鈥?then? Always 鈥?after use. Anything else? Try to 鈥?T: Look! What are they doing? They are following the traffic rules. Herefollow means obey. Can they 鈥? 鈥?What should they do then? 鈥?T: What about this picture? What are they doing? They are waiting for their turn. Here wait for means queue. What about this one? They are jumping the queue. Do we have to 鈥?in our school dining hall? Yes, it鈥檚polite to 鈥?鈥?impolite 鈥??Step 3 Practice . Look and match T: Please match the pictures with the phrases.傘€?Step 4 Listening & Speaking 1. Listen and complete T: Amy and her cousin Shirley are discussing what they should and should not do in the library. Listen to their dialogue and complete the form.?2. Discussion T: Work in pairs. Discuss what we should and should not do in a public place. Make a new dialogue. Here are some useful expressions for you.鑳藉姏銆傘€?Step 5 Teamwork T: Write down more right things and wrong things in the video as possible as you can?Comic strip Step 6Presentation 1. Watch a video T: Now let鈥檚watch a video. 2. Think and answer T: There are three questions for you. Please think and answer. (1) What does Eddie teach Hobo? (2) What does Eddie really want from Hobo? T: Can you understand the two sentences? 3. Read and act T: Now read the dialogue in pairs and act it out.ddie鍜孒obomanners in different countries.。
小学四年级英语上册重点单词和句子(人教精通版)ц? Unit 3. It鈥檚a pineapple. pineapple lemon apple pear watermelon 鑿犺悵鏌犳鑻规灉姊?瑗跨摐kiwi fruit orange banana potato tomato 鐚曠尨妗?姗欏瓙棣欒晧鍦熻眴瑗跨孩鏌?carrot cucumber eggplant green pepper 鑳¤悵鍗?榛勭摐鑼勫瓙閲嶇偣鍙ュ瀷 1. What鈥檚this? 杩欐槸浠€涔堬紵----It 鈥檚a pineapple. ?2. What鈥檚this in English? 杩欎釜鐢ㄨ嫳璇----It鈥檚a tomato. ?3. Pass me the tomato. 鎶婅タ绾㈡熆閫掔粰鎴戙€?4. Peel the banana. ?5. Smell the pineapple. 闂讳竴涓嬭彔钀濄€?6. Eat the watermelon. 鍚冭タ鐡溿€?7. Hi! Let鈥檚play a chain game. с€?8. I鈥檓Mickey. I鈥檓smart. ?9. Are you sure? Yes! 浣犵‘瀹氬悧锛熸槸鐨勩€?10. Do you like eggplants? 浣犲枩娆㈣寗瀛愬悧锛?----Yes, I do. No, I don鈥檛.?Unit 4. How鈥檚the weather today? fine nice warm cool hot cold 鏅存湕鐨?濂界殑娓╂殩鐨?鍑夌埥鐨?鐐庣儹鐨?瀵掑喎鐨?sunny cloudy windy rainy snowy 鏅存湕鐨?澶氫簯鐨??涓嬮洦鐨?涓嬮洩鐨?閲嶇偣鍙ュ瀷 1. It鈥檚fine today. Let鈥檚play football. с€?2. Let鈥檚go and play! 鎴戜滑鍘荤帺鍚с€?3. We鈥檙e happy to play. 鎴戜滑寮€蹇冨湴鐜╄€嶃€?4. Shall we go to the zoo? 鎴戜滑鍘诲姩鐗╁洯鍚楋紵 5. It 鈥檚warm today. 杩欓噷寰堟殩鍜屻€?6. The fish like it. ?7. It鈥檚hot today. Shall we go swimming?吵鍚楋紵8. Good idea. 濂戒富鎰忋€?9. Can I have some cold water, please? 鎴戝彲浠ュ枬鐐瑰喎姘村悧锛?10. Hot weather, cold weather. 鐐庣儹鐨勫ぉ姘旓紝瀵掑喎鐨勫ぉ姘斻€?11. Which do you like? 12. How鈥檚the weather today? 浠婂ぉ澶╂皵鎬庝箞鏍枫€?13. Let鈥檚go shopping. 鎴戜滑鍘昏喘鐗╁惂銆?14. Put on your shirt. ?15. It鈥檚so hot today. ?Unit 5. I like those shoes. cap hat T-shirt dress blouse (鏃犺竟)甯藉瓙(鏈夎竟)甯藉瓙T鎭よ~濂宠‖琛?jacket raincoat sweater skirt shirt 澶瑰厠锛涚煭涓婅。
精品教案设计资料精品教案设计资料六年级英语下册Unit 5 重点词汇、句型、语法知识点重点词汇、句型、语法知识点цnit 5?Unit 5?Story me 1. Children 鈥檚鈥檚Day on Children 鈥檚鈥檚 Day 鍦ㄥ効绔ヨ妭鍦ㄥ効绔ヨ妭2. this Sunday ? 杩欎釜鏄熸湡鏃?3. The children are going to have a party at Mike 鈥檚鈥檚house. 瀛╁瓙浠have a party仛浼?at Mike 鈥檚鈥檚 house 鍦ㄨ繄鍏嬬殑瀹堕噷鍦ㄨ繄鍏嬬殑瀹堕噷 4. Su Hai is going to buy some snacks and drinks. ?buy some snacksand drinks5. Wang Bing is going to bring some fruit from home. ?bring some fruit fromhome6.Yang Ling is going to bring some toys and play with her friends at the party.bring some toys 甯︿竴浜涚帺鍏锋潵甯︿竴浜涚帺鍏锋潵play with her friends 鍜屽ス鐨勬湅鍙嬩滑鐜?at the party 鍦ㄨ仛浼氫笂鍦ㄨ仛浼氫笂 7.What is he going to do for the party? 浠栧噯澶囦负鑱氫細鍋氫粈涔堬紵浠栧噯澶囦负鑱氫細鍋氫粈涔堬紵 8. Sunday morning 鍛ㄦ棩涓婂崍棩涓婂崍on Sunday morning 鍦ㄥ懆鏃ヤ笂鍗?onTuesday a ernoon 鍦ㄥ懆浜屼笅鍗?on Thursday evening 鍦ㄥ懆鍥涙櫄涓?9.bring their things to Mike 鈥檚鈥檚house bring...to.... 鎶娾€︹€﹀甫鍒扳€︹€?bring some snacks to the party 鎶婁竴浜涢浂椋熷甫鍒拌仛浼?10. Just then, a clown appears.?just then 灏卞湪閭f椂f椂11. Here are some balloons for you. 杩欏効鏈変竴浜涙皵鐞冮€佺粰浣犮€?12.Now the party begins. 鐜板湪鑱氫細寮€濮嬩簡銆?13. Are we going to eator play with the toys first?叿锛?play with the toys 鐜╃帺鍏?14. Let 鈥檚鈥檚have some fun first.濞变箰涓€涓嬨€?15. have fun 鐜╃殑寮€蹇? 鐜╁緱鎰夊揩鐜╁緱鎰夊揩have some fun 鐜╃殑寮€蹇 鐜╁緱鎰夊揩鐜╁緱鎰夊揩 have great fun 鐜╃殑寮€蹇? 鐜╁緱鎰夊揩鐜╁緱鎰夊揩 have a lot of fun 鐜╃殑寮€蹇? 鐜╁緱鎰夊揩鐜╁緱鎰夊揩 have a good me 鐜╃殑寮€蹇? 鐜╁緱鎰夊揩╁緱鎰夊揩Grammar me () 1. What are you going to bring to theparty? 浣? 浣犱滑鎵撶畻甯︿粈涔堟潵鍙傚姞鑱氫細锛?2. I 鈥檓鈥檓/we 鈥檙e going to bring some snacks to the party. 鎴? 鎴戜滑鎵撶畻甯︿竴浜涢浂椋熸潵鍙傚姞鑱氫細銆3. What is he /she going to do at the party 浠? 濂规墦绠楀湪鑱氫細涓婂仛浠€涔堬紵氫細涓婂仛浠€涔堬紵4. He /She is going to play with some toys at the party.浠? 濂规墦绠楀湪鑱氫細涓婄帺涓€浜涚帺鍏5. Are you going to bring some drinks to the party??Yes, we are. 鏄1.鍙戠敓鐨勫姩浣滄垨瀛樺湪鐨勭姸鎬併€2.鈥渂e going to +绠楀仛鏌愪簨銆3.tomorrow, nextday(Sunday, week, month, year...), soon, the day a er tomorrow(鍚庡ぉ锛? in+涓€娈垫椂闂达紙in a few days 锛夌瓑銆?4.?锛夎偗瀹氬彞缁撴瀯锛氫富璇 be going to +鍏朵粬銆?濡傦細濡傦細 I am going to go swimming tomorrow a ernoon. 锛?锛夊惁瀹氬彞缁撴瀯锛氫富璇?be + not +going to +?I am not going to go swimming tomorrow a ernoon. 锛?e 鍔ㄨ瘝++ going to +re you going to go swimming tomorrow a ernoon? 锛?+hat are you going to dotomorrow a ernoon? (瀵规墍鍋氫簨鎯呯殑鎻愰棶)When are going to go swimming? (瀵规椂闂寸殑鎻愰棶) 锛?hat涔堚€濓紝wherewhowhose滆皝鐨勨€?when 闂?鈥滄椂闂粹€濈瓑绛夈€?Fun me /Sound me /Culture me 1. When are we going to have the party? 鎴戜滑鎵撶畻浠€涔堟椂鍊欎妇琛岃仛浼氾紵岃仛浼氾紵We 鈥檙e going to have the party on the first of April. 鎴戜滑鎵撶畻鍦鏈?鍙蜂妇鍔炶仛浼氥€?2. Where are we going to have the party? 鎴戜滑鎵撶畻鍦ㄥ摢閲屼妇琛岃仛浼氾紵撶畻鍦ㄥ摢閲屼妇琛岃仛浼氾紵3. What are you going to bring to the party? 浣犳墦绠楀甫浠€涔堟潵鍙傚姞鑱氫細锛4. welcome to the party 娆㈣繋鏉ュ埌鑱氫細氫細 welcome back to school 娆㈣繋鍥炲埌瀛︽牎娆㈣繋鍥炲埌瀛︽牎5. invita on 閭€璇峰嚱閭€璇峰嚱date 鏃ユ湡鏃ユ湡 me 鏃堕棿鏃堕棿 place 鍦扮偣鍦扮偣6.Room622,Building3,No.900Happy Street 骞00鍙凤紝3鍙锋ゼ, 622瀹?7 .come and have fun 鏉ュū涔?8.Look out ofthe window at the lovely snowlook out of the windowlovely snow ?9.Does anybody know why wehave snow??10.When you go to aWestern party, you should take a gi .褰撲綘鍘诲弬鍔犺タ鏂硅仛浼氭椂,浣犲簲璇ュ甫涓€浠界ぜ鐗┿€a Western partytake a gi 甯︿竴浠界ぜ鐗?11.Do not arrive too early.?arrive too early12.You can be a few minutes late.浣犲彲浠ヨ繜鍒板嚑鍒嗛挓銆俛浣犲彲浠ヨ繜鍒板嚑鍒嗛挓銆俛few minutes late 鏅氬嚑鍒嗛挓鏅氬嚑鍒嗛挓 Cartoon me 1. Bobby 鈥檚鈥檚 class is going to have a party soon.?2.Whatare you going to do at the party? 浣犲皢瑕佸湪鑱氫細涓婂共浠€涔堬紵浣犲皢瑕佸湪鑱氫細涓婂共浠€涔堬紵 3.I 鈥檓鈥檓 going to play the piano.鎴戝噯澶囧脊閽㈢惔銆俻lay the piano 寮归挗鐞磒lay theviolin 鎷夊皬鎻愮惔鎷夊皬鎻愮惔 play the guitar 寮瑰悏浠?4. I 鈥檓鈥檓gong to tell a story.鎴戝皢tell a story 璁蹭釜鏁呬簨璁蹭釜鏁呬簨 5. put on a play 涓婃紨锛堣〃 6. 浠栨墦绠椾负鑱氫細鍋氫簺浠€涔堬紵What is he goingto do for the party? 浠栧皢瑕佽〃婕斾竴鍦烘垙鍓с€侶e is going to put on a play. 7. The King 鈥檚鈥檚 new clothes 鐨囧笣鐨勬柊瑁?8. I 鈥檓鈥檓 going to be the king. 鎴戝皢鎴愪负鍥界帇銆be the king 鎴愪负鍥界帇鎴愪负鍥界帇 9. He is wearing his 鈥渘ew clothes 鈥??wear his new clothes 绌夸粬鐨勬柊琛f湇柊琛f湇Checkout me1.Class Party 2.answer Mike 鈥檚鈥檚ques on 鍥炵瓟杩堝厠鐨勯棶棰?3.Where are you going to have the party? 浣犲噯澶囧湪I 鈥檓鈥檓going to have the party at my house.鎴戝皢鍦ㄦ垜4.When 鈥檚鈥檚the party going to begin? 鑱氫細浠€涔堟椂鍊欏紑濮嬶紵涔堟椂鍊欏紑濮嬶紵 At three. 鍦ㄤ笁鐐广€?5.When 鈥檚鈥檚 it going to end? 瀹冧粈涔堟椂鍊欑粨鏉燂紵粈涔堟椂鍊欑粨鏉燂紵 At five in the a ernoon. 鍦ㄤ笅鍗堢殑浜旂偣銆?6. What 鈥檚鈥檚Lily going to do for the party?7. What 鈥檚鈥檚Andy going to bring to the party?锛8. Who 鈥檚鈥檚going to buy snacks and drinks for the party?璋佹墦绠椾负鑱氫細。
七年级英语上册重点单词短语句型汇总:Unit9涓冨勾绾ц?/鍙ュ瀷姹囨€伙細Unit9Unit9 My favorite subject is science.?1. my favorite subject(s) ?2. have P. E. /a P. E. lesson3. play games with us4. my science teacher5. your favorite day ?6. the next day ?7. David鈥檚favorite subject ?8. on FridayC morning/afternoon/evening) 鍦ㄥ懆浜?涓婂崍/涓嬪崍/鏅氫笂锛?9. at 8 锛?0 鍦? 鐐归挓10. from 12:00 to 1:00 浠? 2 :0 0 鍒?涓嬪崍)1 :0 011. after that/class /?12. great fun 闈炲父鏈夎叮13. difficult but interesting 闅句絾鏈夎叮14. be OK with sb. 閫傚悎鏌愪汉銆愰噸鐐瑰彞鍨嬨€?1. 鈥昗hat鈥檚your favorite subject?鈥昅y favorite subject is math. ?2.What鈥檚her/his favorite subject? 濂?3.鈥昗hy do you like science?鈥旴ecause it鈥檚interesting. 鍥犱负瀹冨緢鏈夎叮銆?4.鈥昗hy does he like P. E. ?鈥旴ecause it鈥檚fun. 鍥犱负瀹冨緢鏈夎叮銆?5.鈥昗ho鈥檚your P. E. teacher? ?鈥昅r. Hu. 鑳¤€佸笀銆?6.鈥旽ow鈥檚your day?鈥旾t 鈥檚OK. 寰堝ソ銆?7. When is your geography class?浣犵殑鍦扮悊璇炬槸浠€涔堟椂鍊欙紵8.I like Monday because I have P. E. and history.?9.I think history is interesting.?10. The teacher says it is useful, but I think it is difficult.鑰佸笀璇磋?11.I am very busy on Friday.鍦ㄥ懆浜旓紝鎴戦潪甯稿繖銆?12.After that锛孖have an art lesson for two hours.?13.Lunch is from 12:00 to 1:00.?2:00鍒?涓嬪崍)1:00銆?14.My classes finish at 1:50.鎴戠殑璇? :5 0缁撴潫銆?15.Let's meet on Saturday. Is that OK with you?銆愰噸鐐瑰崟璇嶃€?favorite /'feiv?rit/ adj.&n.鐗瑰埆鍠滅埍鐨?浜烘垨浜嬬墿)subject /'s?bd?ekt/ n. ?science /'sai?ns/ n.P.E. /pi: 'i:/ n. (=physical education)浣撹偛music /'mju:zik/ n. 闊充箰锛涗箰鏇?math /m?胃/ n.Chinese /t?ai'ni:z/ n.geography /d?i'?gr?fi/ n. 鍦扮悊(瀛?history /'histri/ n. 鍘嗗彶why /wai/ adv. 涓轰粈涔?because /bi'k?z/ conj. 鍥犱负Monday /'m?ndei/ n. 鏄熸湡涓€Friday /'fraidei/ n. 鏄熸湡浜?Saturday /'s?t?dei/ n. 鏄熸湡鍏?for sure 鏃犵枒锛涜偗瀹?free /fri:/ adj. 绌洪棽鐨?cool /ku:l/ adj. 濡欐瀬鐨勶紱閰风殑Tuesday /'tju:zdei/ n. 鏄熸湡浜?Wednesday /'wenzdei/ n. 鏄熸湡涓?Thursday /'胃?zdei/ n. 鏄熸湡鍥?Sunday /'s?ndei/ n. 鏄熸湡鏃?A.M. /ei 'em/ (=a.m.)涓婂崍P.M. /pi: 'em/ (=p.m.) 涓嬪崍锛涘崍鍚?useful /'ju:sfl/ adj. 鏈夌敤鐨勶紱鏈夌泭鐨?from /fr?m/ prep (琛ㄧず寮€濮嬬殑鏃堕棿)浠?.....寮€濮? from...to... 浠?.....鍒?.....Mrs. /'misiz/ (?? finish /'fini?/ v. 瀹屾垚锛涘仛濂?lesson /'lesn/ n.hour /'au?/ n. 灏忔椂。
All things in their being are good for something.• 天生我才必有用。
• Difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.• 困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书。
• Failure is the mother of success. -- Thomas Paine• 失败乃成功之母。
• For man is man and master of his fate.• 人就是人,是自己命运的主人。
• The unexamined life is not worth living. -- Socrates• 混混噩噩的生活不值得过。
-- 苏格拉底• None is of freedom or of life deserving unless he daily conquers it anew. -- Erasmus• 只有每天再度战胜生活并夺取自由的人,才配享受生活的自由。
• Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness. -- R.M. Nixon• 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒,而是机会之杯。
因此,让我们毫无畏惧,满心愉悦地把握命运。
-- 尼克松• Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. -- John Ruskin• 生活没有目标,犹如航海没有罗盘。
-- 罗斯金• What makes life dreary is the want of motive. -- George Eliot• 没有了目的,生活便郁闷无光。
Mr. GoodI could鈥檝e kicked myself for chasing a woman bass player all the way to Cincinnati: a month after I got there, I left her for a twenty-three-year-old grocery clerk. A few weeks later that was over, too, and I didn鈥檛 even have money for a bus ticket back to Dallas. I hadn鈥檛 been able to find a gig since I鈥檇 moved.I tried finding work in a music store, and then started applying anywhere and everywhere鈥攆ast food, motels, convenience stores鈥攁nd finally to stay out of a homeless shelter I had to pawn the only one of my guitars worth much, a 1965 Gibson Hummingbird. I stayed drunk for two days. Then I started working day labor so I could get it back. I was mixing mortar and carrying bricks, which I hated because it messed with my hands. The second week I smashed a thumbnail.Everyday I went to the pawnshop to make sure the guitar was still there. The owner looked like a vaguely degenerate antique dealer in a movie. He wore a vest.Every morning I got up at five and made the half-hour walk to the temp service, a trailer set up in a gravel lot. The place looked like a used car dealership without any cars and the owner was a big thick guy named Purcell who was quick to let you know he was retired Navy. The whole set up was pretty shady. Pay was always in cash and you had to get there before dawn to get a job. Except for me the crowd was all Mexican, illegals I鈥檓pretty sure. They stayed to themselves, so I鈥檇 stand alone while we waited for Purcell to show up and smoke and drink coffee and think about how I was going to smash the guitar over a low brick wall once I got it back. My father gave it to me when I was eighteen. One afternoon, 1979, when my high school let out hewas in the parking lot sitting on the hood of an old Lincoln he鈥檇 parked sideways across five spaces. You couldn鈥檛 miss him any way you looked. He was dressed in the same outfit Hank Williams was buried in. I hadn鈥檛heard from him for seven years.I told my friends I was supposed to meet with a teacher and went back inside and hid in the bathroom鈥擨 figured if I waited long enough he鈥檇 leave. The janitor ran me out of there so I wouldn鈥檛 interfere with his drinking. I killed some time walking the halls, then fooling at my locker. Finally the assistant principal who was locking up made me leave.He was still outside. It was deserted now. He smiled and waved."Thought that was you I saw," he said. "Figured I鈥檇 wait."I nodded. I didn鈥檛 know what to say."I hear you鈥檙 e getting ready to be a high school graduate," he said.I nodded again."That鈥檚 real good." He cocked his head, looking at me and smiling. "Your grandma don鈥檛 mind your hair being that long?""She hasn鈥檛 said anything.""First time I came in with a duck tail she chased me with the scissors." He took a pack of cigarettes from his inside coat pocket and rapped it on his knee and a single cigarette jumped halfway out, and if he hadn鈥檛 been my father that would鈥檝e been cool as hell.He wanted to go get a hamburger. The inside of the Lincoln smelled like a strip club at six AM. The radio was missing. I reminded him how to get to McKenna鈥檚, a place that had curb service. After we got our drinks he poured part of his Coke outthe window and filled it back up from a pint of bourbon he pulled from under the seat. He offered me the bottle but I shook my head."Don鈥檛 drink?" he asked.I shrugged.He nodded. "Don鈥檛 seem to talk, either."After seven years that crawled all over me. I turned away and stared out my window."Ah son," he said, "I know, I know. I . . . well," and then I heard his cup slosh. I was looking out at a station wagon where a woman was handing around soft serve cones to her kids. A little boy in the backseat was looking back at me."Your grandma tells me you鈥檙e playing now," he said."Yeah." I still didn鈥檛 look at him."What鈥檙e you doing?"I was in a bad cover band that played sock hops and dances at country clubs. I鈥檇been listening to Earl Klugh and Wes Montgomery, too, trying some of that out."Not much," I said.The boy pulled his nose up with his thumb and grinned. He had braces. His mother had on a green scarf."I guess you don鈥檛 go in for Bob Wills and such," he said."No," I said."Not many do anymore," he said. "That鈥檚 why this car鈥檚 such a piece of shit."Then neither of us said anything. A long minute passed, then another. The little boy kept making faces between licks of his cone. Then the mother caught him. After a glance at me, she jerked him around by the collar.I heard him splash bourbon into his cup again.Then the car hop brought the tray with the food and hung it on his window and I felt like I could finally turn around."Anything else?" she asked. She was bleach blond and pudgy 鈥擨 recognized her from school a couple years back but didn鈥檛 know her. She had on white jeans and a pink shirt with the tails tied into a knot below her breasts. When you looked at her all you saw was stomach."You all got any ice cream left in there?" he said."Sure," she said."Then get you one and charge it on my ticket. Girl who looks sweet as cake needs some ice cream to go with her."She giggled."Or maybe you want a drink of this special Co鈥?Cola instead?" he asked.She leered, looked left and then right. "Sure," she said. He handed her the cup and she ducked her head and took a drink."When they let you off here?" he said."Not soon enough," she said. "The horse鈥檚 ass that runs the place keeps us here half the night.""Well, we鈥檙e big boys," he said. "We get to stay up late."I opened my door and got out. He looked around. "Hey, where you going?"I shut the door. My eyes met the girl鈥檚 over the roof of the car, then I ducked my head in the window. "I鈥檝e got to go," I said. "I鈥檒l see you," and I started away from the car."Hey!" he yelled.But I didn鈥檛 turn around. He yelled a couple more times but I kept going. When I was far enough away I looked back. The girl was still standing at the Lincoln.I was hoping he鈥檇 be waiting outside the house when Igot home. He wasn鈥檛.A week later a notice came from Martin鈥檚 Drugs saying I had a Trailways package. It was a cardboard box wrapped in brown butcher鈥檚 paper and tied with string, light to carry but about the size of Shakespeare鈥檚coffin. When I got it home and opened it I found a new calfskin guitar case packed in newspaper and inside that was the Hummingbird. The guitar was in good shape, but the words Mr Good were scratched in tall letters on the back of the body. In the bottom of the case was a note:SonI wont you to have this a fine instrumint i bought it new in 1965. Maybe somday we can play together i can teech you some Bob wills. The only thing about it is i got no idee how the writing got on the back i woke up in a motel in oddessa tex 8 yeer ago and it was almost nite and their it was this is stil a good guitar.DadI hadn鈥檛 heard from him since. If he was alive he鈥檇 be sixty-three, and the older I got the more I wished I could see him. We鈥檇 have something to talk about now that I鈥檇 made every mistake he had.Once I was living with a psychologist and she started ribbing me after she saw how I took such good care of the Gibson. Better take Mr. Good to soccer practice, she鈥檇 say, or Mr. Good says he wants to order Chinese. If she hadn鈥檛 been so good-looking I wouldn鈥檛 have put up with her鈥攕he鈥檇 come home after counseling all day and make astrology charts on her clients and smoke pot. She finally drank enough coffee one morning to think to ask how I got the guitar. I told her the story about my dad."That鈥檚 cute," she said.I just stared at her."What is it?" she said.I shook my head."No, what is it?" she asked, almost hysterical."Nothing," I said. "Just looking at your hair."* * *It was cold. I was in Purcell鈥檚 lot, smoking, drinking coffee, half-listening to the Spanish talk all around me. I had seven hundred dollars in my socks鈥攁fter getting paid today I鈥檇have enough to get the Gibson back, and after Monday and Tuesday I鈥檇have enough to go back to Dallas鈥攁nd then suddenly an angry shout came from behind the trailer, then another. The lot quickly fell silent. Then the Spanish started up again and most of the men walked over and looked behind the trailer but as soon they did they started leaving, some running, and in about two minutes the place was deserted except for me.I kept watching the trailer, about fifteen yards away. Nothing.I couldn鈥檛 hear anything either but the hum of the arc lights. I didn鈥檛 know what to do. I was kind of scared, but I had to try to work that day, no matter what, so I decided to stay where I was and wait for Purcell to show up. I started to light another cigarette, then footsteps sounded on the gravel and a man staggered around the side of the trailer. He was clutching his side and when he saw me he said something in Spanish. He was big, at least three hundred pounds, and looked like a bear coming toward me. Then he just stopped and stood there. I could hear his breathing. He sank to his knees like a camel sitting down and fell over.For about a hundred and fifty dollars I would鈥檝e left. But there weren鈥檛 any philanthropists in the vicinity. I went over tohim. He had rolled onto his back and when he saw me standing over him he started talking in Spanish. He had a rip in the side of his thin jacket and there were dark stains around it. I took off my denim coat and kneeled down, and when he saw what I was doing he moved his hands and let me use the coat as a compress. Some warm blood soaked into the denim, but not much. He seemed more panicked than anything. He just kept on jabbering.Then I heard other voices. Two Mexicans were standing a few yards away, at the edge of the light."Habla ingles?" I called out."No much, no much," the taller of the two said.I got him to hold the jacket in place and right away he and the injured man started talking, arguing it sounded like. I ran the three blocks to the store where I made a point of buying my coffee every morning because I liked the way the clerk looked. I asked her to call 911."Sorry, the phone鈥檚 not public," she said."Are you kidding?" I said.She shook her head. "That鈥檚 the rule.""But a guy鈥檚 been knifed or something."She hesitated, then looked at her watch, a pink thing the size of a coaster. "My manager鈥檚 due here any minute now and he says you can鈥檛 let the phone thing get started or people鈥檒l be asking to use it all the time." She looked over my shoulder. "Could you move, please?"I stepped over but stayed at the counter and an old black guy in a baseball cap moved up and gave her numbers for a lottery ticket."So you鈥檙e not going to call?" I said."No," she said.I went outside and picked up the receiver on the pay phone on the side of the building and put it to my ear even though I knew it was dead. I asked two people going into the store if they had cell phones鈥攂oth shook their heads, though one had his in a holster on his belt. Then I ran back to the temp service because there wasn鈥檛 another payphone nearby and I didn鈥檛 know what else to do.Purcell was there. He had his headlights directed onto the scene and he stood in their beams next to the injured man and the two Mexicans who were squatting over him. The shorter one, who I could now see was an older man, was crying."I can鈥檛 have this kind of helling going on here," Purcell was saying."Mr. Purcell," I said.He jerked his head around and squinted into the headlights. "Hey, who鈥檚 there?" He recognized me. "So did you see what happened here?""No. I just tried to call an ambulance but I couldn鈥檛 find a phone."He waved like he was shooing a fly. "I checked him, he doesn 鈥檛 need one. It鈥檇 be a waste of the taxpayers鈥?money. All he鈥檚 got is a little lard sliced off." Then he put his hands on his hips and stared down at the man. He had on a white short sleeve shirt and a dark tie; I had never seen him in a coat, no matter the temperature. "Hey," he said loudly and all three Mexicans looked up at him and he spoke to them in broken Spanish. The tall one holding my jacket answered.According to Purcell鈥檚 translation: the two Mexicans who had stayed were from the same town in Mexico as the injured man, and the older one was his uncle or cousin or something.Two days ago the tall Mexican had heard that the injured man鈥攚ho looked at least thirty鈥攈ad gotten someone鈥檚 teenage daughter pregnant. The tall Mexican wasn鈥檛 sure who the girl was, but he鈥檇 heard there鈥檇 been a blow up with her father."I didn鈥檛 think there was anybody left who cared about that," Purcell said. He took out a pack of Juicy Fruit and put a stick in his mouth. He stared down at the man, his face a brown study.I crossed my arms and hugged myself. I was freezing."This has implications," Purcell said."We should probably call an ambulance," I said."We might do that," he said. "But we鈥檝e got to move him off this property first."I didn鈥檛 say anything, but Purcell jerked his head around like I had."Just because this pussel-gut decides to tap some Mexican cheerleader, I should have to pay double and triple on my liability insurance? And as for the police," he said, "what鈥檇 you think: Columbo鈥檚 gonna show up here at dawn?" He pulled a wallet-on-a-chain out of his back pocket and started speaking Spanish again. When he finished all three Mexicans nodded. The old one wiped his eyes with the back of his hand. Then Purcell took out two fifty-dollar bills and handed one to each of the two squatting men. They both spoke to the injured man, patted him on the shoulder, then stood up and left. Purcell bent over the injured man and slipped two bills into his pants pocket. He spoke to him and the man answered. Purcell replied, his voice angry. The man shook his head back and forth on the ground. Purcell started cursing in English. He turned to me, "Sack of shit says he can鈥檛 get up.""Huh," I said.Purcell gave the man a little kick in the hip and said something in Spanish. Then he grabbed the man鈥檚 arm and tried to haul him up. He didn鈥檛 budge. He was dead weight. Purcell dropped his arm. "All right," he said, "you get his shoulders and I鈥檒l get his legs," and he stepped around the man to his feet. I didn鈥檛 move.He waved. "Come on, let鈥檚 go.""That鈥檚 my coat there," I pointed."Yeah? So?" he said."It鈥檚 ruined," I said.His expression deadened as he figured it out, which took about two seconds. He shook his head and cursed again. He took out his wallet and handed over a fifty."I need a hundred more," I said.If either of us had been smoking the whole block would鈥檝e exploded. "Listen," he said, "I wouldn鈥檛 be paying anybody anything if I could speak enough Spanish to make these tacos understand if they don鈥檛 do what I say I鈥檒l tell the police whatever I want. But even though you鈥檙e a goddamn briar you understand me, don鈥檛 you?""The police might hassle me on your sayso," I said, "but that 鈥檚 about all they could do. And think about it. If I do end up talking to them, I鈥檓 such a briar I might let it slip how you run a straight cash business."He turned his back to me and started muttering. He stayed that way at least a half-minute. Then he turned back around holding out five twenties. His mouth was very tight.Lifting the man was like picking up one end of a rowboat full of water, if you鈥檝e ever done that. We carried him ten yards, rested, then went the last ten yards to the street. Purcell droppedthe man鈥檚feet and stayed bent over with his hands on his knees, huffing and puffing. He glanced up at me, then unhooked his key ring from his belt and tossed it and it hit the sidewalk right in front of me and I had to do a skip to keep it from hitting my feet. "Move my car up to the trailer," he said.I looked at the keys, then at him. "What?" I said."Do it, or I鈥檒l tell the cops you robbed me." He took his cell phone out of his back pocket."Why do you want me to do it?" I said."Just because I do," he said."Forget you," I said."All right," he said and punched a button on the phone, and that鈥檚 when I thought of the seven hundred dollars in my socks and how great it would look on a guy without a coat.The car was a Cadillac in name only. The last time it looked good Eddie Murphy was funny. I slid under the wheel, but didn 鈥檛 close the door so the rooflight would stay on and I could find things. The seat was too far up for me to fit my feet to the pedals, so I reached down to find the lever and my hand hit a bottle under the seat. It was a half-pint of Jack Daniels and all that was empty was the neck. I unscrewed the cap, bent over like I鈥檇 dropped the keys and took a drink, then sat up again. The glove box was missing its door, a cigar with an inch of dead ash was in the ashtray, a single porno playing card was in the passenger seat, a woman who looked like she was waiting for surgery to begin. I turned the card over: seven of clubs. I bent over and took another drink. I was thinking of the last time I saw my father鈥攐ne of these old boats always did that.I discovered the seat wouldn鈥檛 move, so I managed to get situated with my legs splayed out on either side of the steeringwheel. I shut the door, then pulled the car up in front of the trailer and cut the engine and the lights. I stuck the half-pint down the front of my pants. Then I looked in the rearview mirror: Purcell was still at the curb, under a streetlight, standing over the injured man talking and gesturing. It looked like he was haranguing a corpse.I leaned over to get at my pants pocket and took out the hundred and fifty and put it on the dash behind the steering wheel. I just couldn鈥檛abide the idea of having to think of Purcell everytime I played the Gibson. I would鈥檝e rather seen it in the hands of Campfire Girls.The pawn shop opened a half-hour before the liquor stores. I鈥檇 been waiting in a coffee shop across the street. I had the Gibson鈥檚 empty calfskin case and a Epiphone in its case. I was going to pawn the Epi which would give me the last fifty I needed to get the Gibson back, plus another sixty or seventy. That much would get me to Shreveport, and I figured I knew enough people in Dallas I could find someone who鈥檇 drive out and get me.I went in the pawn shop, the bell ringing over my head, and right away I noticed the Gibson wasn鈥檛 on its stand in the line of guitars that sat on a high shelf in the back. Holding the two cases I suddenly felt like an idiot in a Norman Rockwell painting. The empty one felt light enough to throw through the display window.The owner was still wearing his pea coat and was at the back of the long shotgun room behind a line of jewelry cases to my left. He came up front."It鈥檚 gone," he said. "Girl bought it last night not long after you came in."I set down the guitar cases."She paid cash so I don鈥檛 know who she was," he said.I asked him what she looked like."I wouldn鈥檛kick her out of bed for eating crackers," he said.I kept looking at him. I couldn鈥檛 believe he had said that. Then he gave a police blotter description of the girl鈥攜oung, long brown hair, skinny, pale, wearing jeans and a green jacket, said he wouldn鈥檛call her pretty exactly. I asked him, if she came back in, to give her my name and the place where I roomed and to tell her I鈥檇 pay to get the Gibson back. I said I鈥檇 pay him, too, for doing that."Once I tell her, you got no reason to pay me," he said."That鈥檚 true," I said."A twenty ought to take care of it," he said.I felt so beat I didn鈥檛 argue. I squatted down and lifted my pants leg to get at my sock. The bell rang and a guy in a dirty overcoat and came in and set down a kit bag and started pulling out barber tools. I stood up and the owner took my twenty. I picked up my guitar cases and left.Walking down the street, freezing, I realized I could take the money I had and buy a coat and a bus ticket and be back in Dallas by midnight or I could stay in Cincinnati and buy a coat and try to find the Gibson. I thought about it three seconds and decided to stay.I can play guitar pretty well. And I鈥檝e spent twenty years worth of afternoons in libraries killing time before gigs so I know the difference between Augustine of Hippo and all the other Augustines and I know that even if we do come up with a unified field theory it isn鈥檛 going to change a damn thing. But other than that, I wouldn鈥檛 take my own advice about anything.。
八年级英语下册Module7-M8复习提纲(外研版)т笅鍐屽唽澶嶄範鎻愮翰M7-8 涓€锛氱煭璇璏7 1.______________________2.鍒楁竻鍗昣_____________________ 3.浜媉_____________________4.鍦ㄢ€︽湯灏綺_____________________ 5椤轰究闂甠_____________________ 6.鍐欎俊缁欐煇浜篲_____________________ 7甯︿笂鎶ょ収_____________________ 8____________________ 9缁忛獙涓板瘜_____________________ 10浜嗚В缇庡浗鏂囧寲_____________________ 11缁忛獙涓板瘜_____________________ 12鍙栧喅浜巁____________________ 13____________________ 14鍙備笌浠栦滑鐨勬棩甯哥敓娲籣____________________15鍜屾煇浜轰繚鎸佽仈绯籣____________________ Prepare for the trip make a list of things at the end of July by the way take one鈥檚passport Offter sb. Sth. /offter sth.to sb. have a lot experience depend on check your progress take part intheir daily life stay in touch with sb. 浜岋細閲嶇偣鍙ュ瓙1.had better 锛?2. orget to do 锛?3.ffter sb.sth.锛?4.紙learn about锛?5.赴瀵屻€傦紙have a lot of experience锛?6.闄や簡瀛︿範藉笇鏈涗綘鑳戒綋楠岀編鍥借繃鐨勭敓娲汇€傦紙as well as锛?7.? You鈥檇bettrer ask travel company about the to-tal weight for all your bags Bythe way,don鈥檛forget to take your passport We can you great summer English courses You will learn about American culture and improve your English. Our teachers are well trained and have alot of experience. As well as learning English, we want you to experience life in the US. You must pay for your courses at least one month before it starts. 涓€锛氱煭璇璏8 1浠モ€︹€﹁憲鍚峗____________________2.㈢Н_____________________ 3.____________________ 4.汉鍋氭煇浜媉____________________ 5.____________________6._____________________ 7.鍥_____________________ 8._____________________ 9.浠庝____________________ take up over half of the park area cross the bridge allow sb to do promise to do a magic land move about walk down the path pull a leaf off a plant 浜岋細鍙ュ瓙1.so hat鈥︼級2.銆傦紙it鈥榮better to do锛?3.坅llow sb. to do 4.waste time锛?5.洯浠ユ箹銆佹ˉ鍜屽北涓婄殑鍙ゅ缓绛戠墿鑰岄椈鍚嶃€傦紙be fa-mous for 锛?6.繚鎶よ繖閲岀殑涓€鍒囷紙pull leaves off鈥︼級It鈥檚so quiet here theat I can even hear the birds singsing! I tink it鈥檚better to have our picnic at the top of the hill. I don鈥檛think they allow people to swim in the lake Let鈥檚not waste any more time This park is famous for its lake, bridges and the hill . Lingling鈥檚uncle said that it was wrong to pull leaves off plangts and that wes should protecteve-rything here. 涓€锛氬崟椤瑰~绌?( )1. The underlined part in the word 鈥渨ritten鈥?is pronounced as_________. A ./ai/ B ./i/ C. /ei/ D. /e/ ( )2. 鈥?Have you watched the program鈥淲here Are We Going, Dad鈥? It seems very _________. 鈥?I agree with you. Many of us like it very much. A. terrible B. boring C. popular D. happy ( )3. After the education reform(鏀归潻) in Jiangsu Province, the pupilshave_______ time to relax and _______ homework to do. A. less; more B. much;many C. fewer; more D. more; less ( )4.Tomorrow is Mother鈥檚Day. Mom may love the present I bought for her, ________ I鈥檓not sure. A. Until B. if C. though D. as ( )5. 锛?Wow! What a ________ day! We can go out for a walk. 锛峐es ,and we can do some shopping while walking on Green Street. A. bored B. exciting C. beautiful D. busy ( )6. 锛峐ou look pale. What鈥檚wrong with you? 锛峃othing much, I just ________ studying for the final exam last night. A stayed up B. overslept C. keep D. are ( )7. --- Could you tell me ? --- Certainly. In 20 minutes. A. when will the train to Beijing leave B. when the train to Beijing would leave C. when the train to Beijing left D. when the train to Beijin g will leave ( ) 8.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools ________ we had visited. A. who B. which C. what D. that ( )9. 锛峊ommy, it鈥檚not good to draw on the wall. You can do it on your paper. 锛峗_______ . A.Of course not B. Never mind C. Sorry, I won鈥檛D. Yes, I鈥檇love to ( )10.Now many young people ________posting articles and photos onto the Wechat () to share with their friends. A. are used for B. are used to C. used to D. get used for 涓夈€佸畬褰㈠~绌猴紙鍏?010鍒嗭級A?I know World Book Day falls on April 23 every year. It was set up by UNESCO(鑱斿悎鍥芥暀绉戞枃缁勭粐) in 1955 to encourage people,especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of 1 . Many countries celebrate World Book Day. On that day in the UK,millions of students can buy books of special prices, much lower than usual in any bookstore. It has been done every year 2 1998. World Book Day is also celebrated in China .Premier Wen Jiabao does lots of reading 3 he鈥檚very busy . On World Book Day 2009. He called on people to do more reading .He suggested that young people should spend more time reading . 鈥淏ooks can鈥檛change the world, but people can change the world by changing 4 through reading,鈥?he said. Reading can benefit (鏈夌泭浜?people 5 . Reading helps us become more knowledgeable and more intelligent .Reading helps us to follow the 6 developments of science and technology.Reading provides us with information about other culture and places of the world.When we read, we may find many things 7 are unfamiliar to us. We would have to use our brain to think about them or do more reading to find out the answers. The more we read, the more we know, The more we know, the smarter we 8 . Reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language 9 English. We all know that we 10 learn everything at school , for example, the ways English people are speaking and writing today. 鈥淩eading makes a full man.鈥?Books magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help to know more about the outside world and perfect us. Therefore, it is necessary for us to from the habit of reading every day.1. A.singing B. writing C. listening D. reading2. A.of B. from C. since D. by3. A. though B.because C.when D. through4. A. itself B. yourself C.ourselves D. themselves5. A. in the way B. by the way C. in any way D.in many ways6. A. last ter test D. earlier7. A. where B.that C.how D. those8. A. come B. go C.become D. start9. A.like B. about C.at D. towards 10. A.must B. can鈥檛C.have to D.canВ A doctor was once teaching a class of medical students at a famous hospital in Edinburgh .An injured锛堝彈浼わ級man was brought in ,and the doctor turned to one of his students and asked him ,鈥淲hat鈥檚wrong with this man 锛熲€?鈥淚don鈥檛know ,sir ,鈥漷he student answered .鈥淪hould I examine him and find out ?鈥?鈥淭here is no need to examine him,鈥?said the doctor .鈥淵ou should know withont asking questions .He has hurt his right knee .didn鈥檛you notice the way he walked ?He hurt it by burning it in the fire .You see his trousers leg is burnt away at the knee .This is Monday morning .Yesterday was fine, but on Saturday the roads were wet and muddy(娉ユ碁鐨? .The man鈥檚trousers are all muddy ,he fell down on Saturday night .鈥?The doctor then turned to the man and said ,鈥淵ou had your pay on Saturday and went to a public house and drunk too much .You got muddy and wet on the way home .Because you had drunk toomuch ,you fell on the fire and burnt your knee .Is that right ?鈥?鈥淵es ,sir .鈥漵aid the man . ( )1.The medical students were having a lesson _____________ A.at the library . B.in a classroom . C.at a well-known hospital D.in a medical school ( )2.the man hurt his knee___________ A.on Monday B.on Sunday night C.on Saturday night D.yesterday ( )3.Which is the right order according to the passage ? 鈶?He burnt his knee 鈶?He got drunk 鈶?He fell down and got muddy 鈶?He had his pay A.鈶?鈶♀憿鈶?B .鈶?鈶?鈶?鈶?C.鈶?鈶?鈶犫憽 D. 鈶?鈶?鈶⑩憼( )4. From the passage we know that ________ is very important for medical students A.Watching and thinking B.taking good care of others C.Learning from others D.teaching . 闃呰(鍏?10鍒? I heard in a US study, researchers studied the happiness of 4,739people over 20 years. 3 It found that a person鈥檚happiness depended on the happiness of people he made friends with . Surprisingly, it also found that happiness spread not only between direct friends ,but also among friends of your friends鈥?friends! 鈥淧eople with more good friends are less likely(鐨?to develop sadness and worry ,鈥漵aid Dr. Toupey Luft. 鈥淭hough you can鈥檛choose your family or workmates, you can choose good and positive friends.鈥?Here 鈥榮how: 鈥淣obody is all positive,鈥?said Luft. 鈥淏ut there are people you may feel more positive . Use that as your way to check people and keep records.鈥?When spending time with others,pay attention to your feelings. Are you feeling tired and unhappy ? Or are you feeling good ? Take a moment to write down what your feelings are when you are around them. And then, you will know whom you want to make friends with. Sometimes your hobbies can lead to true friendships. Check out (鏌ョ湅)newspapers or websites to find a group for something you enjoy.4 These friends can always be there for you and you can care about each other through difficulties , illness and death. Not into groups ? look for one- to 锟紺one communication instead. Luft said. 鈥淪et small goals, such as having coffee with one new person , and develop friendship according to a plan.鈥?Stay with rightfriends and you you will be happy, With some friends, you laugh , have fun and even begin to pay attention to your heart --- and that can be enough.煭鏂囧唴瀹圭畝瑕佸洖绛旈棶棰樸€?1. What can sometimes lead to true friendships? 2. How will you feel when you stay with right friends? (浜? 灏嗙煭鏂囦?3. 4. (涓?綋鐨勬爣棰樸€?5. 瀹屽舰1- 5 DCADD 6-10CBCAB CCDA1. Hobbies.2. Happy.3.浜ょ殑鏈嬪弸鐨勫垢绂忔劅銆?4.銆?5.Right friends make you feel happy.。
2013年九年级上册第三学月英语考试题缁濆瘑鈽呭惎鐢ㄥ墠銆愯€冭瘯鏃堕棿锛?013骞?2鏈?2鏃?13鏃ャ€?2013鈥?014瀛﹀勾搴︼紙涓婏級涔濆勾绾х鑻?璇?璇?棰?锛堟祴璇曟椂闂达細120鍒嗛挓锛涙€诲垎150鍒嗭級?鍏?0鍒嗭級:?0鍒嗭級锛堝叡鍥涜妭锛屾弧鍒?0鍒嗭級笂銆傚綍闊崇粨鏉熷悗锛屼綘灏嗘湁涓ゅ垎閽熺殑鏃堕棿灏嗙瓟妗堣浆娑傚埌?51鍒嗭紝婊″垎5鍒嗭級?A?1. What will Elise have for lunch? A B. C. 2. what did the boy forget to take? A. B. C. 3. Where does the conversation take place? A. B. C. 4. Who is calling? A. Tom B. Peter C. Sally 5. What does Donna do every day? A. B. C. 51鍒嗭紝婊″垎5鍒嗭級?A銆??鍥炵瓟绗??6. What would the man like? A. Beer.B. Wine.C. Tea. ,鍥炵瓟绗??7. What鈥檚Linda going to do this weekend? A. To watch a play. B. To see a film. C. To go to a concert.,鍥炵瓟绗??8. What does Sarah鈥檚art teacher look like? A. She is tall with straight hair. B. She is tall with curly hair C. She is short with brown hair ,鍥炵瓟绗??9. How often does Tom go swimming? A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week. ,鍥炵瓟绗?0?10. What does Dr. Brown most probably do? A. A doctor B. Ateacher C. A reporter 51鍒嗭紝婊″垎5鍒嗭級棰樹腑鎵€缁欑殑A??鍥炵瓟11鑷?2棰?11. What would the boy like to do? A. To play basketball. B. To be a volunteer. C. To make friends with kids 12. When will the job begin? A. On Monday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday. ,鍥炵瓟13鑷?5棰?13. Who is calling? A. Mike B. Mary C. Nancy 14. Where will Mike have a party? A. In his new office. B. In a new park. C. In his new house. 15. How long will the party last? A. Two hours B. Three hours. C. Five hours. 5灏1鍒嗭紝婊″垎5鍒嗭級Aら亶銆?16. The students will go to Australia on . A. July 8th B. July 18th C. August10th 17. How will they travel? A. By train . B. By ship C. By plane. 18. They will stayin_______. A. An Australian school. B. A local Australian family. C. An expensive hotel.19. Whom will they have English classes with? A. Australian students. B. American students. C. German students. 20. How much does the travel cost each students? A. 40,000 yuan. B. 15,000 yuan. C. 4,000 yuan.敤?0鍒嗭級( ) 21. My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. 鈥曗€昣______. Shall we go together? A. So can I. B. So do I. C. So will I. ( ) 22. _____ people are hurt in traffic accidents every year. A. Two thousands B. Two thousands of C. Thousands of ( ) 23. The kind man always _______ food ______ the poor people. A. offers, for B. provides, for C. provides, with ( ) 24. The travel spotlight_____ my brother going to visit this afternoon is Paris. A .where B. that C. who ( ) 25. I鈥檒l ask my parents for some more money because I鈥檝e______. A. used up it B. used it up C. run it out ( ) 26. 鈥旵an you see the manclearly? Is it Mr. Green? 鈥旾t ______ be him. He鈥檚gone to England already. A. could B. mustn鈥檛C. can鈥檛( ) 27. Our monitor is so clever and friendly that she can always _______. A. cheer us up B. cheer up us C. cheers us up ( ) 28. I like watching movies that ____ __ famous actors in them. A. is B. has C. have ( ) 29. 鈥曗€昗hat鈥檚the matter with Jim? 鈥曗€昑here鈥檚___ with his tooth. He should see a dentist. A. something serious B. serious something C. nothing serious ( ) 30. A number of students ___ in the hall and the number of them ___ over 300. 銆€銆€A. are, is B. is, are C. is, is ( ) 31. How does Jack go to school? 鈥曗€?He______ ride a bike, but now he ______ there to lose weight. A. used to, is used to walk B. used to, is used to walking C. was used to, is used to walk ( ) 32. I spent a lot of time ________ English last weekend. A. to practice speaking B. practicing to speak C. practicing speaking ( ) 33. If I _______ you, I _______ a small present in my pocket.A. was, could takeB. were, tookC. were, would take ( ) 34.Although he is from England, he _______ Chinese well. A. does speak B. do speaks C. did speaks ( ) 35. John is funny. His brother is often made ______ by him. A. laugh B.to laugh C. laughing ?5鍒嗭級A A seeing-eye dog is a dog which helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things. We call these dogs 鈥渟eeing-eye鈥?dogs 36 the dogs are the 鈥渆yes鈥?of the blind man and they help him to 鈥渟ee鈥? These dogs all go to special schools for several years to learn 37 blind people. One day a seeing-eye dog and a blind man were _38 a bus. The bus was full of people and there were no seats . One man, however, soon got up and left his seat. The dog took the blind man to 39 , but there was little space. The dog began to push the people on each side 40 his nose. He pushed and pushed until the people moved down and finally there was enough space for the blind man. The blind man then sat down and the dog got up on the seat with the blind man. ( )36. A. if B. because C. when ( )37. A to teach B to see C. to help ( )38. A. up B. off C. on ( )39. A. the chair B. the seat C. the driver ( )40. A. by B. in C. with B These days itis found that school students hardly have any sports. Is it because they have no__41_ in sports? It may not be true. They often say they have 427 more important things to do. What are these important things? Exams! They have to get themselves ready for all kinds of exams and tests in school, so many of them almost _43_ bookworms. In the past in the summer holidays, they could do __44___ they like, but now they have to spend all their free time preparing for exams. So __45_ have kept them away from the sports. Because of the pressure (鍘嬪姏)from their parents and teachers, they have to work harder and spend most of their time 46 books. As for the students themselves, they don鈥檛want to fail the exams because they want to continue their 47 studies. So it becomes necessary to give 48 of their spare time to their studies and 49 up their school sports. It is true that a good education cannot go without physical training, and the same is true that a quick mind hardly goes along without _50 body. Without a strong body, you can never do anything well, then how can you make great success in life? ( )41 A. interested B. interesting C. interest ( )42.A. veryB. muchC. another ( )43. A. turn B. look C. become ( )44. A. anything B. all what C. nothing ( )45 A. teachers B. parents C. studies ( )46. A. on B. for C. in ( )47. A. further B. far C. furthest ( )48. A. few B. any C. all ( )49. A. send B. give C. put ( )50. A. strong B. ill C. weak 40鍒嗭級A 銆€The air around us is important to everyone. Without air, we couldn't live. Everyone understands that. But air is important in many other ways that are not always widely known. 銆€For example, if we didn't have air, there would be no sound. Sound travels through air. Without air, there would be no fire. There would be no cars, cars need air to start. Without air, there would be no wind or clouds. There would be no weather, as we know it. The night time would be very cold and the days very hot. We would have to look for shelter 锛堥伄钄斤級from the sun, as there would be no atmosphere 锛堝ぇ姘旓級to protect us from the sun's deadly rays锛堝厜绾匡級. 銆€( )51. Everyone understands we couldn't live______ air. 銆€ A. with B.without C. has 銆€( )52. If we didn't have air, the night time would bevery_________. 銆€A. hot B. short C. cold 銆€( )53. There would be no sound if there鈥檚no________. A. Wind B. sun's deadly rays C. air 銆€( )54.__________protects us from the sun's deadly rays. 銆€A. The surface級of the earth B. The cold wind C. The atmosphere ( )55.This article is mainlyabout________ A. Without air, we will die. B. Air is important in many ways C. Air can protect us from the sun's deadly rays B ADVERTISEMENTS Hongnan Restaurant Tel:83386223 Add:635 Grand Road Open: Mon. to Fri. 7:00 am锛?:30 pm 5:00 pm 锛?:00 pm Sat. & Sun. 7:30 am锛?:00 pm 5:00 pm锛?0:00 pm History Museum Tel:87796960 Add:69 Hong Kong Road One of Guangdong鈥檚largest museums specialized锛堜笓闂╥n Guangdong history of the native锛堟湰鍦帮級people. Open: Mon. to Fri. 9:00 am锛?:00 pm Sat. & Sun. 9:00 am锛?:00 pm Baihe Shopping Center Tel: 87872738 Add: 5300 Shanghai Road Open: Mon. to Fri. 10:00 am锛?1:00 pm Sun. to Sat. 9:00 am锛?0:30 pm Full Hotel Tel: 83338989 Add: 368 East Huanshi Road Breakfast: 6:30 am锛?:00 pm Lunch: 11:30 am锛?:00 pm Dinner: 5:30 am锛?0:00 pm Coffee Shop: Mon. to Fri. 7:00 am锛?0:00 pm Sun. to Sat. 8:00 am锛?0:00 pm ( )56. If you want to go out for lunch on Sunday, you can call at . A. 83386223 or 83338989 B. 87679690 or 83386223 C. 83338989 or 87872738 ( )57. If you want to buy a new dress, you can go to . A. 69 Hong Kong Road B. 635 Grand Road C. 5300 Shanghai Road ( )58. isn鈥檛open for two and a half hours in the afternoon on weekdays. A. Full Hotel B. Hongnan Restaurant C. Baihe Shopping Center ( )59. On Sunday morning, the coffee shop in Full Hotel doesn鈥檛open until . A. 6:30 am B. 7:30 am C. 8:00 am ( )60. You can know when you visit History Museum. A. the history of South China B. the history of Guangdong鈥檚native people C. the history of Shanghai C Each morning a rich man found a poor man sitting on a park bench锛堥暱鍑筹級. The poor man always sat there, looking at the big hotel in which the rich man lived. One day the rich man got out of his car and saidto the poor man, "Excuse me, but I just want to know why you sit here and look at my hotel every morning." "Sir," said the poor man, "I am a failure. I have no money, no home. I sleep on this bench, and every night I dream that one day I'll sleep in that hotel." The rich man said, "Tonight your dream will come true. I'll pay for the best room in that hotel for you a whole month." 銆€A few days later, the rich man went by the poor man's room to ask him how he was enjoying himself. To his surprise, he found that the man had moved out of the hotel, back to his park bench. When the rich man asked why, the poor man said, "You see, when I'm down here sleeping on my bench, I dream I'm up there, in that big hotel. It's a wonderful dream. But when I was up there, I dreamed I was back to this cold bench. It was a terrible dream, and I couldn't get any sleep at all." 銆€( )61. The poor man lived in _______before he met the rich man. 銆€A. the hotel B. his home 銆€C. the park 銆€( )62. Every morning, the poor man sat on the bench and___________. 銆€A. waited for the rich man B. looked at the rich man's hotel 銆€C. enjoyed the clean air ( )63. Every night the poor man dreamed of__________. 銆€A. sleeping in that hotel B. becoming rich銆€C. owning that hotel銆€( )64. The poor man moved out of the hotel because__________. 銆€A. he didn't want to live in such a fine room 銆€B. he couldn't get any sleep at all there銆€C. he couldn't pay for the room ( )65. In the end, the poor man found it________ to sleep in the hotel. 銆€A. terrible B. nice C. wonderfulD A boy and his father went walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurt him, and cried, 鈥淎AAhhhhhhhh!!!鈥?To his surprise, he heard the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain, 鈥淎AAhhhhhhhh!!!鈥?Then the boy shouted, 鈥淲ho are you?鈥?He received the answer, 鈥淲ho are you?鈥?He got angry at the answer, so she shouted, 鈥淔oolish!鈥?He received the answer, 鈥淔oolish!鈥?He looked at his father and asked, 鈥淲hat鈥檚going on?鈥?The father smiled and said, 鈥淢y son, listen,鈥?And then he shouted to mountain, 鈥淚love you!鈥?The voice answered, 鈥淚love you!鈥?Again the man shouted, 鈥淵ou are the best!鈥?The voice answered, 鈥淵ou are the best!鈥?The boy was surprised, but did not understand. Then the father explained, 鈥淧eople call this Echo, but really this is life. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is just a reflection(鍙嶆槧)of what we have done. If you want more love in the world, have more love in your heart. If you want to be successful, work hard. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it.鈥?( )66. At first the boy cried because _______. A. he hurt himself and felt bad B. he wanted to give himself a surprise C. he hoped his father would help him ( )67. When the boy heard the voice repeating, he thought________. A. it was foolish to hear others鈥?voice B. someone else in the mountain liked his voice C. there were many other people in the mountain ( )68. The father shouted to the mountain to ________. A. find out who was repeating his voice B. have fun with other people in the mountain C. show more examples to his son before giving him the answer ( )69. The underline word 鈥淓cho 鈥?means__________. A. life itself B. repeating voice C. love in the world ( )70. From the story, we know _________. A. the boy didn鈥檛like others鈥?voice at all B. the father had his own way to teach his son C. it is not polite to repeat others鈥?voice ?(闈為€夋嫨棰?鍏?0鍒? : 鍩烘湰鎶€鑳斤紙鍏变笁鑺傦紝婊″垎25鍒嗭級10鍒嗭級Children are amazing! They鈶?pick up languages so naturally and easily. Have you ever wondered why? It's not because they have great natural language abilities.鈶?In fact, studies show that an adult's potential(娼滆兘) to learn language is as good as a child's . So why do children still seem to acquire(瀛﹀埌) languages more quickly than the rest of us? It's because of the way they learn. Children learn by simply doing what comes naturally鈥晅hey listen, copy and communicate. Let's take a closer look at how children ac quire languages. Perhaps we can discover a better, more "natural" way to learn English. Children don't practice grammar drills, but use languages to talk aboutthings that interest them. This helps them learn to express themselves. They don't worry about inadequate(涓嶈冻鐨? vocabulary or poor grammar. They find ways to express themselves, and they do it successfully. tudents should pay more attention to genuine(鐪熷疄鐨? communication. Look for chances to talk with people in English. If you can't find a foreigner to talk to, talk with other English students instead. Start an English discussion group and chat about music, movies or whatever interests you. Don't worry about making mistakes. The aim is to learn how to communicate easily and comfortably. Remember that you can communicate successfully even with a small vocabulary. Trust your own natural ability to learn English. You've got more potential than you probably realize! 71.憼______ 72.________________________________ 73. Do children worry about poor grammar when they learn to express themselves?_____________________ 74.併€?Genuine communication should______ ______ more attention to by students .75. As a student, how should you learn language by reading the passage?_____________________________________________________________?鍒嗭級Mary: Hi, David! I haven鈥檛seen you for many years. 76 David: Oh, I have been to London and lived with my parents. They work there. Mary: I鈥檓very glad to see you again. 77 David: Yes, I have. I used to be very quiet. 78 Mary: That鈥檚true. Wait a minute! Did you use to play the piano? David: 79 But now I prefer sports. And I鈥檓on a football team. Mary: Wow! People always change. David: You have changed a lot, too. 80 Mary: Yeah. But now I prefer long hair. David: You look more beautiful with long hair. Mary: Thanks a lot. 76. 77. 78.79. 80. ?0鍒嗭級81. It鈥檚nearly 2 kilometers from my home to the school .(瀵圭敾绾块儴鍒嗘彁闂? _________ ________ is it from your home to the school ? 82. We鈥檒l go camping, if it doesn鈥檛raintomorrow. (鍙樺悓涔夊彞) We鈥檒l go camping ________ it ________ tomorrow.83. The TV play is really wonderful. (鏀逛负鎰熷徆鍙? __________ __________ the TV play is! 84.They built a bridge between the two islands last year. (? 銆€A bridge ________ ________ between the two islands last year. 85. He used to read aloud in class, ________ ________ ? (鍙嶆剰鐤戦棶鍙?锛堝叡涓夎妭锛?5鍒嗭級10鍒嗭級86. 钀ㄥ埄瀹佹効鍛嗗湪瀹朵篃涓嶆効鍘昏喘鐗┿€?Sally ______ to stay at home rather than ______ shopping. 87. 鎴戠浉淇?0骞村悗浠栦細瀹炵幇浠栫殑姊︽兂銆?I believe he ______ ______ his dream in 10 years. 88.銆?He ______ a ______ to learn English well. 89. 鍚夌背鍛婅瘔鐢靛彴璁拌€呬粬宸茬粡鑺卞厜浜嗛挶Jimmy told a radio interviewer that he____ already ____ out of money 90. ?Even though he had failed many times, he didn't ______锛?0鍒嗭級Dear Lin Hua, I heard from you yesterday. I learn that you feel91._______ very nervous after the exams. And I also know you 92._______ are under too many pressure these days. Now let me 93._______ give you some advices. First, you need to sleep for at least 94._______ eight hours everyday. If you don鈥檛have enough sleep, 95._______ you feel very tired. Second, you should do some96._______ exercise such as run and playing basketball. Third, 97._______ it鈥檚very good for you to listen to the music, watch TV, 98.______ or surf the Internet after a long time study. In a word , 99.______ you should learn to relax you.100.______ Wish you good luck on your exams! Yours Mr Liu?5鍒嗭級涓轰簡浜ゆ祦瀛︿範缁忛獙锛屾彁楂樺ow to be a good learner?Habits, ways, work hard, get ready, listen to the teachers, study in groups, homework, help each other, do sports. 瑕佹眰锛?.?2. 80?How to be a good learner As a good learner, we should_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________。
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Unit 1 My name’s GinaPeriod 1一、选择题1. What’s _______ name?A. herB. heC. you2. Nice ______ meet you.A. forB. atC. to3. ______ name is Tony.A. MyB. IC. Me4. _____ you Ms. Smith?A. AmB. IsC. Are5. — Is she Linda?—_______. She’s Mary.A. Yes, I am.B. No, she isn’t.C. No, he isn’t.二、看图片,填单词。
1. I’m a girl.___ name is Mary.2. Jenny is my friend. ____ is ten.3. This is Tom. ___ is English.4. Alice is my sister. ___bag is blue.5. —___ she Ms. Brown?—No, she _____.三、用下面的单词填空。
name’s isn’t yes I’mwhat’s she his are1. — Good morning! ___ Dale.— Hello, Dale. My ______ Jenny.2. — ____ you Mr. Green?— ___, I am.3. — _______ his name?—___ name’s Tony.4. — Is ___ Ms. Brown?—No, she ____. She’s Ms. Miller.四、组词成句,然后与同桌进行对话练习。
1. your name What’sCindy I’m2. name his What’sBob He’s3. Mike you Aream I Yes四、假如你学校新来了三位美国的交换生,你初次见到他们三人,你想认识一下他们,便于他们进行交谈,请写出你们之间的对话。
阿甘正传句子摘抄英文以下是一些《阿甘正传》中的经典句子摘抄,附有英文原文。
1. "Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get."生活就像一盒巧克力,你永远不知道你会得到什么。
2. "Stupid is as stupid does."傻人有傻福。
3. "I don't know if we each have a destiny, orif we're all just floating around accidentally―lik e on a breeze."我不知道我们每个人是否都有命运,还是只是随风飘荡。
4. "Miracles happen every day."奇迹每天都在发生。
5. "Jenny and I were like peas and carrots. She was my best friend. She was always there for me, a nd I was always there for her."珍妮和我像豌豆和胡萝卜一样般配。
她是我最好的朋友,她总是在那里支持我,我也总是在那里支持她。
6. "You have got to put the past behind you bef ore you can move on."你必须放下过去,才能继续前进。
7. "Death is just a part of life, something we' re all destined to do."死亡只是生命的一部分,是我们注定要经历的事情。
8. "I just took one step at a time, and that's all I did."我只是一步一步地走,这就是我所做的。
阿甘正传励志名言阿甘正传励志名言如下:1 mama says life is a box of chocolate,you never know what you are gonna get. 妈妈说生活就像一盒巧克力,你不知道你的下一块是么2 stupid is that a stupid does. 做事笨才是笨3 are you stupid or sth? 你有点白痴吗?4i dont know what love is ,but i love you ,jenny 我不知道什么是爱,但我爱你,珍妮。
1. Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre gonna get. (生命就像一盒巧克力,结果往往出人意料)2. Stupid is as stupid does. (蠢人做蠢事,也可理解为傻人有傻福)3.3.Miracles happen every day. (奇迹每天都在发生)4. Jenny and I was like peas and carrots.(我和珍妮形影不离)5. Have you given any thought to your future?(你有没有为将来打算过呢)6. You just stay away from me please.(求你离开我)7. If you are ever in trouble, dont try to be brave, just run, just run away.(你若遇上麻烦,不要逞强,你就跑,远远跑开)8. It made me look like a duck in water.(它让我如鱼得水)9. Death is just a part of life, something were all destined to do.(死亡是生命的一部分,是我们注定要做的一件事)10. I was messed up for a long time.(这些年我一塌糊涂)11. I dont know if we each have a destiny, or if were all just floating around accidental—like on a breeze.(我不懂我们是否有着各自的命运,还是只是到处随风飘荡)12.Nobody gives a horses shit who you are,puss ball. 没人在乎你是谁,女里女气的男人,明显的骂人的话。
阿甘正传经典台词导读: 阿甘正传经典台词1、Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get.生命就像一盒巧克力,结果往往出人意料。
2、Stupid is as stupid does.蠢人做蠢事,也可理解为傻人有傻福。
3、Miracles happen every day.奇迹每天都在发生。
4、it made me look like a duck in water.它让我如鱼得水。
5、I don't know if we each have a destiny, or if we're all just floating around accidental—like on a breeze.我不懂我们是否有着各自的命运,还是只是到处随风飘荡。
6、Death is just a part of life, something we're all destined to do.死亡是生命的一部分,是我们注定要做的一件事。
7、You have got to put the past behind you before you can move on.放下包袱,继续前进。
8、Shit happens!不好的事情发生了。
9、It was like just before the sun goes to bed down on the bayou. There was a million sparkles on the river.就像太阳在落山前映射在河口上,有无数的亮点在闪闪发光。
10、If there is anything you need, I will not be far away.只要你需要,我就在这里。
11、I am a man of my word.我是信守承诺的人。
Season 1 Transcripts第一季目录1 Help Wanted 急征店员2 Bubble stand 吹泡泡3 Jelly fishing 捉水母4 Naughty Nautical Neighbors 挑拨离间5 Pizza Delivery 外送披萨6 Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy 海超人与大洋游侠7 Hall Monitor 纠察队长8 Sandy's Rocket 珊迪的火箭9 Nature Pants 回归自然10 Culture Shock 才艺表演11 Muscle Bob Buff Pants 超级猛男12 The Chaperone 欢乐舞会13 Scaredy Pants 胆小鬼14 SB-129 时空旅行15 Sleepy Time 睡觉时间16 Valentine's Day 情人节17 Arrgh! 寻宝游戏18 Texas 想家的珊迪19 Fools in April 愚人节20 Hooky 逃学人物介绍:海绵宝宝(Sponge Bob)小蜗(Gary)派大星(Patrick)珊迪(Sandy Cheeks)章鱼哥(Squid ward)蟹老板泡芙阿姨珍珍(Pearl Krabs)痞老板(Plankton)1 *Help Wanted*DialogueAnnouncer: Ah, the sea. So fascinating. So wonderful. Here, we see Bikini Bottom, teeming with life, home to one of my favorite creatures, SpongeBob SquarePants. Yes, of course he lives in a pineapple, you silly. (The giant foghorn wakes up SpongeBob)Spongebob: Today's the big day, Gary!Gary: Meow!Spongebob: Look at me! I'm naked! (Gets His Pants On) Gotta be in top physical condition for today, Gary.Gary: Meow!Spongebob: (SpongeBob tries to throw a weight) I'M READY!! I'm ready! I'm ready! I'm ready!Starfish: Go SpongeBob!SpongeBob: There it is. The finest eating establishment ever established for eating. The Krusty Krab, Home of the Krabby Patty. With a 'Help Wanted' sign in the window! For years I've been dreaming of this moment! I'm gonna go in there, march straight to the manager, look him straight in the eye, lay it on the line,and I can't do this! (he runs, but Patrick blocks his way) Patrick!Patrick: Where do you think you're going?SpongeBob: I was just....Patrick: (cutting him off) No you're not. You're going to the Krusty Krab and get that job!SpongeBob: I can't, don't you see? I'm not good enough!Patrick: Whose first words were, "May I take your order?"SpongeBob: Mine were.Patrick: Who made a spatula out of toothpicks in wood shop?SpongeBob: I did.Patrick: Who's a.... (thinks) ....uh, who's.... (thinks even harder) ....who's a big yellow cube with holes?SpongeBob: I am!Patrick: Who's ready?SpongeBob: I'm ready!Patrick: Who's ready?SpongeBob: I'm ready!Patrick: Who's ready? (Does a split)SpongeBob: I'm ready!! (with his confidence restored, he runs toward the restaurant. There, An Octopus is spraying the glass windows to eliminate graffiti of himself with the word 'Loser.' He sees SpongeBob.)Octopus: Oh no, SpongeBob. What could he possibly want?SpongeBob: (in background) Go SpongeBob! Go SpongeBob! Go self! Go self! (The Octopus noticed the 'Help Wanted' sign and runs inside.)Octopus: Mr. Krabs! (cut to the ordering window, where Mr. Krabs is smelling a handful of money. Squidward runs up to him) Hurry, Mr. Krabs, before it's too late, I gotta tell you... (too late.)SpongeBob: (off-screen) Permission to come aboard, captain! (cut to SpongeBob, casting a shadow across the restaurant) (manly voice) I've been training my whole life for the day I could finally join the Krusty Krew, (regular voice) And now I'm ready. (while walking, he accidentally steps on a nail. He trips and bounces all over the last. The Octopus and Mr. Krabs just stare at each other. SpongeBob finally comes to a stop) So, uh, when do I start?Krabs: Well lad, it seems like you don't even have your sea legs.SpongeBob: Mr. Krabs, please. I'll prove I'm fry cook material. Ask Squidward! He'll vouch for me.(Krabs and Squidward walk to the corner, where Squidward puts it plain and simple.)Squidward: No. (Krabs winks. The two walk back over.)Krabs: Well lad, we'll give you a test and if you pass, you'll be on the Krusty Krew! Go fetch me... (SpongeBob pulls out a notepad) a, uh, hydrodynamic spatula with, ah, port-and-starboard-attachments, and turbo drive! And don't come back till you get one! (Krabs puts a Krusty Krab hat on SpongeBob. SpongeBob, overjoyed, looks at himself in the mirror. He then gets serious)SpongeBob: Aye aye, captain! (reading) One hydrodynamic spatula, port-and-starboard attachments, turbo drive, coming right up sir! (he leaves)Krabs: Hurry on! (to Squidward) We'll never see that lad again.Squidward: You're terrible! A hydro-what? (the two laugh. Cut to outside, where SpongeBob walks off. Just then, five boats come and encircle around the restaurant. The doors open. Cut to Squidward and Krabs still laughing. Krabs stops, then Squidward.)Krabs: That sounded like hatch doors! (Krabs smells something, then close in on his wiggling eyes.) Do you smell it? That smell. The kind of smelly smell. The smelly smell that smells? smelly. (his eyes bug open) (silently) Anchovies.Squidward: What?Krabs: Anchovies!!! (the anchovies come in, hoards of them, just swarming and swarming. Squidward tries to maintain some order)Squidward: Please, please, quiet! (the anchovies stop bickering) Is this any way to behave, hmm?Anchovy: Meep!Squidward: Could we show a little decency and form a neat, single file line in front of the register?(moment of silence, then the anchovies rock the ordering boat around a bit, very violently I might add. Cut to SpongeBob, walking to a store shaped like a treasure chest.)SpongeBob: Barg'n Mart: meeting all your spatula needs. (cut back to Squidward and Mr. Krabs, stuck in the ordering boat and being swung across, literally a sea of anchovies.)Squidward: One single file line was all I asked! (cut to the ship being thrown up)Krabs: Button down the hatches, Mr. Squidward! (getting thrown back up, the ship is in pieces) We're taking on water,Mr. Squidward! (getting thrown back up again, Krabs is holding Squidward) I want my mommy, Mr. Squidward! (cut back to SpongeBob, shopping)SpongeBob: (humming) Spatula, spatula, port-and-starboard attachments? (cut back to the restaurant, where Squidward and Krabs are hanging onto a pole)Krabs: Climb, Mr. Squidward! Climb! (they do climb and tidal wave after tidal wave of anchovies nears closer and closer) Well, this is the end. Good-bye, Mr. Squidward!Squidward: Oh Mr. Krabs! (the two start to cry. Then, some blinking red lights from off-screen illuminate the two. They look up to see, Spongebob with the spatula he was sent off to receive. He's using it as a propeller to keep him in air. He sings a tune as he arrives.)SpongeBob: Did someone order a spatula? (Squidward and Mr. Krabs babble to themselves on how he obtained this) One hydrodynamic spatula with (two other spatulas pop out on the sides of the previous one) port-and-starboard attachments, and let's not forget the turbo drive! (the two extending spatulas whirl around and smack Squidward and Krabs around) Would you believe they only had one in stock? To the kitchen! (SpongeBob makes a double-spin and flies into the kitchen window) (to anchovies) Who's hungry?Song: Tiny Tim "Living In The Sunlight, Loving In The Moonlight":Things that bother you never bother me,I feel happy as pie, a-ha!Living in the sunlight, loving in the moonlight,Having a wonderful time.Haven't got a lot, I don't need a lot,Coffee's only a dime,Living in the sunlight, loving in the moonlight,Having a wonderful time.Just take it from me, I'm just as free as any daughter,I do what I like, just when I like, and how I love it!I'm right here to stay, when I'm old and gray,I'll be right in my prime,Living in the sunlight, loving in the moonlight,Having a wonderful time.Krabs: That was the greatest fast-foodsmanship I've ever seen, Mr. SquarePants! Welcome aboard! (Krabs gives him a nametag with 'SpongeBob' written on it.)Squidward: But Mr. Krabs-Krabs: Three cheers for SpongeBob! Hip-hip!Squidward: (weakly) Hooray,Krabs: Hip-Hip!Squidward: (quickly) Hooray,Krabs: Hip-hip!Squidward: (quickly) Hooray, Mr. Krabs!Krabs: I'll be in my quarters, counting the booty. (he proceeds to drive a wheelbarrow full of money into his office. Then, Patrick walks in.)Patrick: Good morning, Krusty Crew!Squidward: What would you like to order, Patrick?Patrick: One Krabby Patty please. (as if as a signal, SpongeBob flies back through the ordering window via spatula and starts doing some stuff. Cut to outside, where Patrick gets hit by a wave of Krabby Patties and is flung out the door.)Squidward: Mr. Krabs! Mr. Krabs! Mr. Krabs, come see your new employee.... End Song: Tiny Tim "Living In The Sunlight, Loving In The Moonlight":Things that bother you never bother me,Living in the sunlight, loving in the moonlight,Having a wonderful time.*Reef Blower*DialogueSquidward walks out of his house and looks around Bikini Bottom when he notices his flower is bent, so he straightens it. He looks around again and then notices a shell on his front yard. He walks over to it then looks around to see if anyone is watching. No one is so he kic ks the shell into SpongeBob’s yard. Soon, SpongeBob looks out his window. He then notices the shell on his lawn and gets an idea. He then slides around on the ground into his door opens and SpongeBob comes out with a leaf blower on his back. Squidward lifts his headwhile lying in a hammock to see where all the noise is coming from. He groans and puts some earplugs to work. SpongeBob walks over and blows on the shell with his reef blower. The shell just floats upward and comes back down but then he tries again, the same thing happens. He tries once more really hard and puts a hole in the ground where the sand used to be. While Squidward is eating some food at a table outside, all that sand that SpongeBob blew from the hole comes pouring down on him. SpongeB ob runs over to see if he’s all right. SpongeBob blows off the sand including the piece of seaweed that Squidward was eating and the sand goes into Squidward's eyes. SpongeBob then blows Squidward’s eyeballs off which makes Squidward's eyes water. SpongeBob notices a pile of sand on his yard and points to it. He says "You!" (subtitle on bottom). He sucks up all the sand in his leaf blower bag. After he sucks it up and looks at his clean yard, the reef blower begins to shake. After it, about 3 seconds later, all the sand that he sucked up spits out and onto his yard. SpongeBob flips his reef blower around and unzips the back. He picks up all the sand and puts it in. He pulls the handle, but nothing happens. So, he pulls it back really far past the 4-way intersection. He takes a break and gets the dirt off his hand and grabs the handle again. He then flies off holding it. He flies past an intersection of traffic and he slams into the reef blower and starts to go wacky. It sucks up all the water in the ocean. Squidward takes a breath and notices there is no water so he holds his breath. Then SpongeBob notices the size of his bag on his reef blower. It explodes and the sand is all over Bikini Bottom. SpongeBob walks out of a sand door pile and it collapses after he closes it. He then walks back into his house with his new clean yard. Squidward is covered in sand and so is everything else around his house. The shell then floats down onto his nose.*Tea at the Treedome*DialogueSpongeBob: Wow, four stingers.(He then puts away the telescope and puts on some black glasses. Cut to the jellyfish, just hanging out, and SpongeBob floats over besides it with net in hand. Cut to the jellyfish alone, where SpongeBob's foot stretches out from off-screen and then the rest of his body appears. He attempts to grab the jellyfish in his net, but he ends up catching himself in the net. The jellyfish flies away. Just then, SpongeBob hears some struggling noises from off-screen. He arrives at the top of a hill, where he sees a giant clam attempting to eat a squirrel, who is wearing some sort of space suit underwater. SpongeBob gasps as he sees the squirrel struggling to stay her ground)SpongeBob: Where have I seen this before?(He then takes out his handy dandy 'Field Guide' and skims through the pages)SpongeBob: Here it is!(SpongeBob comes upon a picture of the squirrel)SpongeBob: Land squirrel! That little squirrel is in trouble.(cut to the squirrel, who is bashing the squirrel into the ground)Squirrel: Take that, you sorry old clam! Y'all need to learn some manners! You're about as ugly as homemade soup.SpongeBob: Hooray, land squirrel!(cut back to The Squirrel, who is oblivious to the clam resurfacing and jumping right at her. Cut to SpongeBob, who is shock, his glasses shoot up)SpongeBob: Look out! Hold on, little squirrel!(he does a karate yell in front of the clam, then does the same while bouncing to different sides. He jumps high in the air, and lands on top of the clam)SpongeBob: You have fought well, giant clam. Prepare to be vanquished! (SpongeBob strains)SpongeBob: Hey, I'm actually doing it!(SpongeBob strains some more)(The squirrel holds open the clam's mouth and SpongeBob goes flying face-first into a coral reef.)SpongeBob: Your shell is mine!(SpongeBob attempts to grapple with an appendage in the clam's mouth. The clam then slams shut.)Squirrel: Hold on there, little square dude!(she then gets SpongeBob out and kicks the clam around some more and finally kicks it across the sea. The clam whimpers. The squirrel leans down to see if SpongeBob is OK)SpongeBob: Hey, you like karate too!(SpongeBob does a series of karate moves, spins in mid-air, and lands on his head with a splat.)SpongeBob: So, uh, what's your name?Squirrel: Sandy! So, what do y'all call yourself?(SpongeBob runs up a nearby rock and jumps off.)SpongeBob: I---'m SpongeBob!(One of the corners of his head gets stuck in the ground.)Sandy: Well SpongeBob, take a gander at this!(she walks next to a huge rock and slaps it with her hand, making a gong sound effect. The gong sound effect intensifies and the rock shatters into tiny pebbles.)SpongeBob: Oh.(Sandy stands with her hands on her hips and a big, proud smile on her face.)SpongeBob: Oh yeah? Well, watch this! (he prepares to do a karate move, but all he does is make an armpit fart noise. Sandy walks on screen laughing)Sandy: I like you, SpongeBob. Why, we could be tighter than bark on a tree. Hi-yah!(Sandy chops SpongeBob's head, leaving a triangle-shaped indent at the top.) SpongeBob: Uh, I like you too, Sandy. Hi-yah!(He tries to chop Sandy's head, but her air helmet stops him.)SpongeBob: D'oh. Say, what's that thing on your head?Sandy: Why, that's my air helmet.SpongeBob: May I try it on?Sandy: Heck no. I need it to breathe! I gotta have my air.SpongeBob: Me too! I love air! Air is good.Sandy: No kidding?SpongeBob: Why, "air" is my middle name! The more air, the better! Can't get enough of that air.Sandy: Shee-oot. How about coming over tomorrow for tea and cookies then? (shows a map) You are Here! (Points at "Sandy's House") Don't be late!SpongeBob: Okay, see you tomorrow.Patrick! Patrick! Patrick, Patrick, Patrick! What's air?Patrick (getting up): Huh?SpongeBob: I just met this girl. She wears a hat full of...air.(Patrick takes off his sunglasses)Patrick: Do you mean she puts on airs?SpongeBob: I guess so.Patrick: That's just fancy talk. If you want to be fancy, hold your pinky up like this. The higher you hold it, the fancier you are.SpongeBob (holding his pinky up): How's that?Patrick: Higher!SpongeBob (holding his pinky higher): Like that?Patrick: Now that's fancy! They should call you SpongeBob Fancypants!At Sandy's TreedomePatrick: Remember, when in doubt, pinky out. You can do it,SpongeBob. I'll be watching.SpongeBob: Thanks pal.Sandy: Hello?SpongeBob: Hi-ya, Sandy. It's me, SpongeBob!Sandy: Hold on a sec, I'll let you in.(buzzer sounds as water drains from entryway)SpongeBob: Sandy, something's gone terribly wrong. There's no water in.....here. Sandy: 'Course there's no water. Nothing but air.(SpongeBob waves his hand around and smells this air)SpongeBob: No water?Sandy: That ain't a problem, is it? Hi-yah!SpongeBob: Problem? (laughs) Hi-yah! That's how I like my air! (takes deep breath, then lets out forceful cough) With no water.Sandy: Well all right. I made Texas tea and cookies. Well, come on in! Hi-yah! (SpongeBob is walking an inch forward and it makes weak squeaking sounds with every step) That's not in. In! (SpongeBob walks another inch with all the squeaking. Sandy runs and gets SpongeBob and takes his hand and runs off) You're a funny little dude.Come on, I'll give you the grand tour.(cut to the blazing sun and pan down where Sandy and SpongeBob are standing)Sandy: This is my own private little air bubble. This air is the driest... (SpongeBob gasps) ..Purest...SpongeBob (while gasping): Maybe...Sandy: ...most airiest air in the whole sea. Oh, over there's my birdbath.(cut to the birdbath, where a red robin is splashing and chirping)Sandy: And there's my oak tree. (SpongeBob seems enticed by the water in the birdbath. He tries to sneak away, but stays until Sandy lets her guard down)Sandy: It provides me with extra air. This dome is made of the finest polyurethane-- that's a fancy word for plastic. Ain't that just the bee's knees? Tellyou what, weren't easy getting here neither. First, I... (SpongeBob finally escapes and wallows in the birdbath, absorbing all the water. He then jumps back to his original spot, and the bird is quite angry. SpongeBob gets back before Sandy notices) ...that's my treadmill. That's how I stay in tip-top shape. Well, come on. Let's have that tea now. (does in-air karate moves and moves off-screen. SpongeBob gasps. He hears some knocking from outside. It's Patrick, pointing at his pinky)Patrick: Pinky! Pinky!(SpongeBob weakly holds up his pinky and gasps again. Cut to him sitting at a picnic bench. He holds up his bouquet)SpongeBob:I brought you some flowers. (Sandy walks over)Sandy: For me? How sweet! (Sandy grabs the flowers, which SpongeBob doesn't want to let go. She finally pries them loose and reveals SpongeBob's bony crusty looking hand) You OK?SpongeBob: Yes, I'm OK.Sandy: You know, you're the first sea critter to ever visit.SpongeBob: I can't imagine why.Sandy: Can I get you anything.SpongeBob: Water would be nice.Sandy: I'm going to put these in a vase.SpongeBob: Take your time. (he then gasps and stumbles toward the door and struggles to try and open it)I gotta get out of here! Aaaaahh! (he then thinks)Sandy: (in SpongeBob's head) I like you, SpongeBob. We could be tighter than bark on a tree! (SpongeBob struggles even more)Patrick: (in SpongeBob's head) When in doubt, pinky out.(SpongeBob lifts his pinky. He then gets confidence and victorious music plays)SpongeBob: I don't need water! Water's for quitters! I don't need it! I don't need it!I don't need it! I don't need it, I don't need it...(he then loses confidence again and the music stops)Sandy: Why, these flowers are just beautiful! They'll last much, much longer in a glass of ice, cold water. (SpongeBob is totally enticed by the water. Sandy sits down across from him) So tell me about yourself. It must be fascinating being asea critter.(SpongeBob watches a drop of water drop down the side of the glass)Sandy: SpongeBob? (a timer goes off) Oh, there's the cookies. (walks back into the tree) Be right back.SpongeBob: I don't need it. I don't need it. I definitely don't need it. I don't need it.I don't need it. I don't need it. I don't need it. I NEEEED IT!!! (he shoots up in the air, bounces off the ceiling and holds the glass)Patrick: No, SpongeBob! No, no, no, stop! Pinky! Pinky! (SpongeBob holds up his pinky while guzzling down the whole glass)SpongeBob: I'm a quitter! (Spongebob cries out)(Patrick enters into the dome and slams the door shut)Patrick: You can't leave now! You'll blow it!SpongeBob: Air is not good, Patrick! Air is not good!(Patrick pries him off the door and carries him around)Patrick: You're just being shy. Don't worry, buddy. You're doing fine. (starts getting weak) I won't let you blow.... this... (he drops SpongeBob and crawls on the floor, panting. He coughs and sputters) What kind of place is this?! (runs toward the door and tries to open it) There's no water in here!(SpongeBob joins in on the door-opening struggle)SpongeBob: I tried to tell you!Patrick: We've got to get out of here!SpongeBob: You're...doing it...wrong! (the two collapse on each other)Patrick: Wait, no! We've got...to get...out... (cut to the blaring sun. Sandy walks out of the tree with tea and cookies)Sandy: Come and get it! You're all gonna like this..(she screams and drops her tray. On the floor is a live-action sponge and starfish.)(Cut to SpongeBob and Patrick leaning against a ladder with two goldfish helmets on. Sandy, on top of the ladder, uses a hose to fill these helmets withwater)Sandy: There, that ought to do it! If y'all wanted water, you should of asked.(Sandy carries over a tray with three tea glasses. Everyone takes one)Sandy: I propose a toast: to new friends!(she drinks it. SpongeBob and Patrick lift their drinks up and they clink the glasses on the helmets, causing them to spill)Sandy: Wait, hold on a second. (she places a tea bag in each helmet, allowing the two to drink the tea water.)I hope you like your tea strong. Drink up!(Patrick nudges SpongeBob and they both put their pinky up. The three drink up again and give a heartfelt sigh)2 *Bubblestand*DialogueSpongeBob: Ah, what a wonderful day. The sun is out, the water is shimmering,scallops are chirping. So peaceful.(SpongeBob grabs wood, hammer, and nails, then starts building a bubblestand.)Squidward: Can we lower the volume, please? I can't work with all that racket going on!SpongeBob: Oh, sure thing, Squidward.Squidward: Ha, yeah right.SpongeBob: Okay.(SpongeBob taps on the nail lightly, then looks up at Squidward's window, and repeats this 5 times.)Squidward: And now,for some soothing sounds from Squidward's clarinet. Thank you, thank you.(Squidward starts to play. SpongeBob looks up and sees that Squidward is playing his clarinet, so he decides to finish building the stand quickly. Squidward looks out at SpongeBob.)Squidward: I thought I... wha?SpongeBob: Hey Squidward! Wanna blow some bubbles? Only 25 cents. Squidward: Oh, right. Like I would spend a moment of my time blowing bubbles. SpongeBob: Uh huh!Squidward: Oh puh-leeze. I mean, who in the world would pay to blow bubbles? (Patrick's rock opens.)Patrick: Good morning!(Patrick falls off his rock.)Squidward: Oh, boy.(Patrick walks over to SpongeBob.)SpongeBob: Good morning to you sir. Would you care to blow a bubble? Patrick: Hmmm, how much is it?SpongeBob: Only a quarter.Patrick: Sounds reasonable. Um, I'm going to need to borrow a quarter.SpongeBob: Sure thing, Patrick.(SpongeBob pulls out a quarter and gives it to Patrick.)Patrick: Ah, one quarter.(Patrick hands SpongeBob the quarter. SpongeBob bites it to see if it's real, and it bends.)SpongeBob: Thank you.Squidward: Ha, business is booming. How did I ever get surrounded by such loser neighbors? Heh.SpongeBob: One bubble wand, dipped and ready to go.(Patrick grabs the wand from SpongeBob, inhales deeply and begins to blow, but nothing happens. After a while, SpongeBob puts up a lessons sign.)SpongeBob: Could I interest you in some lessons? Only 25 cents.Patrick: Uh, very well then. Hey, Sponge, can I borrow another quarter? (SpongeBob hands Patrick a quarter.)Patrick: Thanks.SpongeBob: Okay, Patrick, it's all in the technique! First go like this, spin around. Stop! Double take three times. One, two three. Then pelvic thrust. Whooooooo, whooooooo. Stop on your right foot, don't forget it! Now it's time to bring it around town. Bring-it-a-round-town. Then you do this, then this, and this, then this, then that, then this and that, and then...(SpongeBob blows three bubbles; one big duck and two small ducks.)Patrick: Oooooh.(SpongeBob pops out of nowhere and blows a box. Patrick giggles as SpongeBob blows a caterpillar.)Patrick: Ahahaha.(SpongeBob blows a boat bubble. It floats off, then pops and makes a foghorn noise.)Squidward: Huh?(Squidward looks at his clarinet.)SpongeBob: And now... with two hands!(SpongeBob inhales deeply, and blows an elephant bubble while circus music starts playing. Patrick starts laughing.)Patrick: It's a giraffe!(The elephant floats into Squidward's house and explodes. Squidward angrily walks outside and goes toward the bubblestand.)SpongeBob: Excuse me sir, but we are cl...Squidward: Don't give me any of that! How can you two possibly make all this noise just blowing bubbles?SpongeBob: We're not just blowing bubbles, we're making bubble art! Watch carefully. First go like this, spin around. Stop! Double take three times. One, two three. Then pelvic thrust. Whooooooo, whooooooo. Stop on your right foot, don't forget it! Now it's time to bring it around town. Bring-it-a-round-town. Then you do this, then this, and this, then this, then that, then this and that, and then... (SpongeBob blows a butterfly which flies over to Squidward, lands on his head, and finally pops.)Squidward: That's not art! That's just annoying! Blowing bubbles, that's the lamest idea I have ever heard!(SpongeBob and Patrick put their head down as they walk to Sponge's house.)Squidward: You should be ashamed of yourselves! Bubbles. Ha. Art. (Squidward mumbles, then picks up bubble wand, sniffs it, and inhales to blow a bubble. SpongeBob pops up out of nowhere.)SpongeBob: That'll be 25 cents, sir.Squidward: Ah, whoa, what? Oh, who would pay 25 cents to blow bubbles?SpongeBob: We also offer lessons for beginners.Squidward: Beginners? What could be more simple than blowing a stupid bubble? Here's your 25 cents!(Squidward hands SpongeBob a quarter. SpongeBob bites it to see if it's real,and it bends.)Squidward: Watch and learn.(Squidward inhales deeply and begins to blow, but nothing happens.)Squidward: Uhh, wait, wait, wait. One more time. Wait.Squidward inhales and blows again. A small bubble comes out and quickly falls to the ground and pops. Squidward looks over ant SpongeBob and Patrick. They gulp then whistle. Squidward places another quarter on the stand.Squidward: Just a mere warm-up.SpongeBob: Hey Squidward, remember the technique.(Squidward keeps trying while SpongeBob and Patrick are trying to show him the technique.)SpongeBob and Patrick: Technique, technique, tech-(Squidward looks at them annoyed.)SpongeBob: You're not doing the technique.Squidward: Technique? Technique? Technique, technique, technique, technique, technique! First I do this, spin around. Stop. Double take three times. And here we go... pelvic thrust. Whooooooo, whooooooo. Oh, stop on your right foot, don't forget it. Then bring it around town. And a little of this, a little of that, a little of this, a little of that, this, that, and this. And that and this. this that this that. Then ahhhhh! Ahhhhh!! Squidward blows huge bubble that lifts him off of the ground.)SpongeBob and Patrick: Wow!SpongeBob: All right Squid! That was so good!。
指环王的经典台词1. 魔戒经典台词法拉墨:敌人?他也一样把你视为敌人。
不知道他叫什么名字,或许是来自哪里。
也不知道他是否真的内心邪恶。
是什么谎言欺骗他,使他远离家园前来作战?也许他宁愿留在家乡,过着和平的日子。
战争之中无人能幸免于难。
佛罗多:我办不到。
山姆:我知道。
这不公平。
我们本来就不该来。
但是我们来了。
这就像我们听过的精彩故事,歌颂伟大的事迹,充满了黑暗和危险。
有时你不想知道结局。
因为怎么可能有快乐结局?发生这么多可怕的事情,这世界怎么可能回到从前?但是最后可怕的阴影,终究会消失。
就连黑暗也会消失。
崭新的一天将会来临。
太阳也会散发更明亮的光芒。
这才是让人永生难忘,意义非凡的感人故事。
纵使你太年轻不明白为什么,但是我想我明白了。
我现在明白了。
这些故事里的主角有很多机会半途而废,但是他们并没有。
他们决定勇往直前,因为他们抱着一种信念。
佛罗多:我们抱着什么信念?山姆:这世上一定存在着善良,值得我们奋战到底。
阿拉贡:冈多,罗翰的子民们,我的兄弟们!我从你们眼里看到,你们跟我一样都恐惧得心惊胆战。
或许有一天,人类变得萎缩懦弱,舍弃朋友,断绝友谊,但今天决不会这样。
或许有一天,豺狼攻破人类城池,人类因此被灭绝,但今天决不会这样!今天我们誓死奋战!我以你们所珍视得一切的名义,命令你们抗敌,西方的勇士们!山姆:还记得夏尔的情况吗?佛罗多先生?那里春天将至,满树果花绽放,群鸟在灌木里筑巢,并将夏麦播到低地,啄食初长流汁草莓,还记得草莓的味道吗?佛罗多:记不起了,我记不起食物的味道,记不起流水的声音,也记不起青草触碰的感觉。
现在我的感觉,是在黑暗中赤着身,我与火轮般的戒指缠在一起。
我睁开眼也看到那火轮。
山姆:那我们把戒指毁了吧,永远地毁掉它。
我们走吧。
我不能替你戴着戒指,那就让我背你上路吧。
走!看一下这有你要的吗?。
2. 指环王经典感人语录山姆:我知道。
这不公平。
我们本来就不该来。
但是我们来了。
这就像我们听过的精彩故事,歌颂伟大的事迹,充满了黑暗和危险。
Do Users Always Know What’s Good For Them? Utilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media QualityGillian M. Wilson and M. Angela SasseDepartment of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.Tel: +44 (0)20 7679 3462Email: {g.wilson,a.sasse}@URL: /Staff/G.Wilson/Subjective methods are widely used to determine whether audio and video quality in networked multimedia applications is sufficient. Recent findings suggest that, due to contextual factors, users often accept levels of media quality known to be below the threshold required for such tasks. Therefore, we propose the use of physiological methods to assess the user cost of different levels of media quality. Physiological responses (HR, GSR and BVP) to two levels of video quality (5 vs. 25 frames per second -fps-) were measured in a study with 24 users. Results showed that there was a statistically significant effect of frame rate, in the direction that 5fps caused responses to indicate stress. However, only 16% of the users noticed the difference subjectively. We propose a 3-tier assessment method that combines task performance, user satisfaction and user cost to obtain a meaningful indication of the media quality required by users.Keywords: Evaluation methods,empirical evaluation, subjective assessment,user cost, audio, video, videoconferencing, physiological measurements.1IntroductionMultimedia conferencing (MMC) allows users to communicate using audio, video and shared-workspace tools in real time. In recent years, MMC has become more widely used, including in areas such as healthcare and distance education. Computer workstations and high-bandwidth networks can deliver high-quality audio and video, but higher quality is usually more expensive. Since most users –individual or corporate – do not want to pay more than necessary for their communications, it is important to determine the level of media quality thatUtilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media Quality2 supports effective and comfortable interaction between users collaborating on a specific task. The point at which increased quality has no further benefit to the user should also be considered, since this allows efficient use of bandwidth.Establishing such quality thresholds is essential for network providers and multimedia application developers. Currently, subjective methods are widely used to assess audio and video quality. However, there are problems associated with the use of those methods and when used as the single means of assessing whether quality is adequate, the results obtained may give a misleading impression about the impact on the user (see section 2). This paper presents a new method for assessing media quality in the context of networked applications: physiological responses to media quality are being taken as an objective measure of user cost. Such methods should be part of a traditional HCI evaluation approach that considers task performance, user satisfaction and user cost, to obtain a reliable indication of how quality affects users.Section 2 presents a critical review of existing methods for assessing media quality, and the rationale for the new assessment method. Section 3 describes an experimental study whose results demonstrate the validity of this method. The implications of the results are discussed in section 4; conclusions and future work follow in section 5.2Evaluating Multimedia QualityIn media quality assessment to date, audio and video quality have been treated as uni-dimensional phenomena, which can be described using a one-dimensional rating scale such as those recommended by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (see section 2.1). However, this approach is unsuitable in the assessment of media quality in a complex environment, such as videoconferencing, since many factors contribute to users’ perception (Watson & Sasse, 1998): loudness, intelligibility, naturalness, pleasantness of tone and listening effort required are known to contribute to audio quality (Kitawaki & Nagabuchi, 1988). With video quality, variables such as brightness, background stability, speed in image reassembling, outline definition, ‘dirty window’ and the mosaic/blocking effect all contribute to its perceived quality (Gilli et al., 1991). 2.1Current Assessment MethodsAt present, the most widely used assessment method for audio and video quality is the subjective rating scales recommended by the ITU, which is an international organisation in which governments and the private sector co-ordinate global telecommunication networks and services. It is the leading publisher of telecommunications regulatory and standards information.The assessment scales recommended by the ITU fall into three categories: those for speech transmission over telephone networks, image quality over television systems, and multimedia systems. Generally, a short section of material3 Gillian M. Wilson and M. Angela Sasse is played, after which the viewer/listener rates their opinion on a 5-point quality or impairment scale, usually labelled with the terms ‘Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, Bad’. A Mean Opinion Score (MOS) (ITU-R BT. 500-8) is computed by way of an average score. However, recent research at UCL has illustrated the unsuitability of these scales when applied to network audio and video (Watson & Sasse, 1998).2.2Problems with ITU ScalesThe MOS scales were originally designed to assess high-quality television pictures and toll-quality audio. They are primarily concerned with establishing if viewers/listeners can detect a particular degradation in quality, and this assessment is usually carried out without any reference to task. However, when it comes to determining the media quality required in networked applications, the question asked by network providers, application developers and users is: What level of quality is good enough?Audio and video delivered over digital networks is subject to unique impairments, such as packet loss, so the quality can vary during a session. However, the short duration of the test material used by the scales discussed above is not long enough to allow users to form an opinion on whether the quality is good enough in the context of longer interactive use, such as videoconferencing. In order to account for the fact that network conditions can be variable, a dynamic measuring scale is now recommended by the ITU for video assessment - ITU BT. 500-8.The final problem regards assessment via the 5-point scale. Firstly, the 5-point scale does not reflect the multi-dimensional nature of audio and video quality and the potential interaction between different types of impairment (see section 2 introduction). Secondly, the labels on the scale do not represent equal intervals (Jones & McManus, 1986; Teunissen, 1996), so caution must be exercised when interpreting data gathered using such scales (Watson & Sasse, 1998).Attempts to improve the scales have been made by our research group at UCL. Watson & Sasse (1997) developed an unlabelled scale and showed that users were consistent in their quality ratings of audio segments when using it. A dynamic version of this unlabelled scale, the QUality ASsessment Slider, (QUASS - Bouch et al., 1998) allows users to continuously rate the quality of audio and video in a meaningful context. A drawback of this method is that continuous rating interferes with user’s primary task – e.g. participating in a tutorial via videoconferencing.2.3Problems with Subjective AssessmentSubjective assessment is cognitively mediated. One example of this process is the finding that users accepted significantly lower media quality when a notion ofUtilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media Quality4 financial cost was attached to the level of quality (Bouch & Sasse, 1999). The quality that users rated as acceptable in this study has been demonstrated to be insufficient in a number of experimental and field studies. Another example is Wilson & Descamps’ (1996) finding that the same video quality receives lower ratings when the task being performed is difficult. This evidence indicates that contextual variables can influence users’ subjective assessment of quality.Knoche et al. (1999) argue that, because it is not possible for users to register what they do not consciously perceive, subjective measurements are fundamentally flawed. As a more effective method, they recommend task performance. As HCI researchers, we agree that task performance is an essential element of usability, yet cannot be used as its only measure.Subjective assessment methods capture the degree of user satisfaction with quality, which is important but not necessarily a reliable indicator of the impact that quality has on the user. We argue that both task performance and user satisfaction need to be used in conjunction with a measure of user cost, as part of a 3-tier approach. User cost is an explicit - if often disregarded - element of the traditional HCI evaluation framework.2.4Objective Measurements of User CostThere are subjective approaches to determining user cost - rather than user satisfaction - via rating scales, yet like all subjective rating methods they are cognitively mediated. We thus decided to investigate the use of objective methods of assessing the impact of media quality on the user. One way to determine this, is to monitor physiological responses that are indicative of stress and discomfort. When a user is presented with insufficient audio and video quality in a task context – e.g. when making a business decision in a videoconference meeting -he/she must expend extra effort on decoding information at the perceptual level. If the user is struggling to decode the information, this should induce a response of discomfort or stress, even if the user is still capable of performing his/her main task (e.g. participating in the business decision). Autonomous physiological responses are not subject to cognitive mediation (see 2.5) and collecting such measurements need not interfere with task completion.2.5Physiological MeasurementsPsychophysiology explores the relationship between the mind and body and the interactive influence they have upon each other. The nervous system of humans is separated into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (see Figure 1). The PNS comprises the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.The sympathetic division mobilises the body’s energetic responses. Thus, when faced with a stressful situation, the sympathetic division prepares the body5 Gillian M. Wilson and M. Angela Sasse for the ‘fight or flight’ response by, e.g. releasing glucose into the bloodstream for energy, and dilating the walls of the blood vessels to speed up blood flow to the limbs. When the stressful situation has passed, the parasympathetic division takes over to return the body to equilibrium.Brain Spinal CordSNSFigure 1: Diagram illustrating the nervous system of humans.We decided to concentrate on the following responses as indicators of stress: Heart Rate (HR), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) and Galvanic Skin Resistance (GSR). They were adopted, as they are non-invasive, i.e. they do not require samples of body fluids to be taken. In addition, they are relatively easy to measure with standard monitoring equipment.Heart rate is considered to be a valuable indicator of overall activity level, with a high heart rate being associated with an anxious state and vice versa. (Frijda, 1986). Seyle (1956) has linked GSR to stress and ANS arousal. GSR is also known to be the fastest and most robust measure of stress (Cacioppo & Louis, 1990), with an increase in the resistance of the skin being associated with stress. BVP is an indicator of blood flow: the BVP waveform exhibits the characteristic periodicity of the heart beating: each beat of the heart forces blood through the vessels. The overall envelope of the waveform pinches when a person is startled, fearful or anxious, thus a decrease in BVP amplitude is indicative of a person under stress.HR rises under stress in order to increase blood flow to the working muscles, thus preparing the body for the ‘fight or flight’ response. The function of a decreased BVP under stress is to divert blood to the working muscles in order to prepare them for action. This means that blood flow is reduced to the extremities,Utilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media Quality6 like a finger. The precise reason for GSR increasing under stress is not known. One theory is that it occurs in order to toughen the skin, thus protecting it against mechanical injury, (Wilcott, 1967) as it has been observed that skin is difficult to cut under profuse sweating (Edelberg & Wright, 1962). A second theory is that GSR increases to cool the body in preparation for the projected activity of ‘fight or flight’.The equipment used to measure the physiological responses in this experiment and throughout this research is the ProComp, manufactured by Thought Technology Ltd. This equipment is lightweight and the sensors are small. At present they are placed on three fingers, however we are looking at the possibility of placing sensors on the feet, (e.g. Healey et al., 1999) to allow ease of typing.To measure GSR, two electrodes are placed on adjacent fingers and a small voltage is applied. The skin’s capacity to conduct the current is measured. Photoplethysmography is used to measure HR and BVP: a sensor is attached to a finger - this applies a light source and the light reflected by the skin is measured. At each contraction of the heart, blood is forced through the peripheral vessels, which produces an engorgement of the vessel under the light source. Thus, the volume and the rate at which blood is pumped through the body are detected.2.5.1Problems with Measuring Physiological ResponsesMeasuring physiological signals in response to multimedia quality can be problematic. One of the main issues is how to separate stress and other emotions, such as excitement about the situation or task, in an experiment. This is a problem as the physiological patterns accompanying each emotion are not clearly understood, (Cacioppo & Louis, 1990) however recent research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Laboratory, (MIT) (Vyzas & Picard, 1999) has shown that eight emotions can be distinguished between with eighty-percent accuracy, which is an encouraging result. We are using the following methods to address this problem in our experiments, by ensuring that there is no stress placed on participants by factors other than the quality.•In our lab-based trials, we hold the environment as constant and minimally stressful as possible. An example of this is that we make sure that stressful environmental events, like the phone ringing, do not occur: we need to determine the effects the quality has in isolation before we can account for environmental events in the field.• We measure the baseline responses of participants for fifteen minutes, prior to any experimentation occurring. This allows participants, and the sensors, time to settle down and allows us to have a set of baseline physiological readings with which to compare responses in an experiment.•We discard the first five minutes of physiological responses in experiments to ensure that the change from baseline measurements being taken to the experiment commencing is not affecting results.7 Gillian M. Wilson and M. Angela Sasse •We administer subjective assessments of user cost, i.e. scales of discomfort, to allow people to comment on how they feel during the experiment.Physiological measurements identify problems but do not aid problem resolution: subjective assessment is still needed for this purpose.•Finally, we carefully design the tasks used in our experiments to ensure that they are engaging, yet minimally stressful (see section 3.1 for an example).The tasks used in our experiments are taken from the taxonomy of tasks performed in networked multimedia environments developed by the ETNA project (see section 5.2).3Experimental StudyResults of investigations have generally found that the addition of video to an audio stream does not improve task performance in the context of MMC. The exceptions to this are where conflict resolution or negotiations are required (Short et al., 1976) or when communication is particularly difficult. This could be when participants in the conference do not share the same first language (Veinott et al., 1997).Other research claims that addition of a video channel benefits the process of communication rather than its result. This could be by making the conversation more fluent between people (Daly-Jones et al., 1998). It has often been found that users consider the video to be of subjective benefit: people said they preferred the video to be there (e.g. Tang & Issacs, 1993). Therefore, it can be presumed that video is not a prerequisite for a user to perform a task, yet without the video channel greater effort must be expended (Monk et al., 1996).Synchronisation between audio and video (‘lip synch’) is perceived at around 16 frames per second (fps), and full motion video is defined at 25fps - television quality. High frame rates require a lot of bandwidth, which is not available or affordable for many users. Studies looking at the outcome of a task (as opposed to how communication was conducted - e.g. the number of turns taken) found no impairment in task performance from using low video frame rates (e.g. Kies et al., 1996). It must be noted here that the task being performed is a major factor in the requirements for frame rate. For example, a task that uses ‘video-as-data’, e.g. a neurosurgeon performing an operation where detailed and rapidly changing information is relayed to help critical surgical decisions (Nardi et al., 1998), requires a high frame rate.Recent research using subjective assessment and measures of task performance found that users do not notice the difference between 12fps and 25fps when involved in an engaging task (Anderson et al., 2000). In addition, there is no significant difference in task performance at these two frame rates. However the difference between the same two frame rates is noticed when the data are short video clips in isolation (O’Malley et al., in press).If users do not subjectively notice such differences in frame rate when engaged in a task, does this imply that it has no effect on them physiologically? ItUtilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media Quality8 needs to be determined if high frame rates are necessary for the user to be satisfied with the quality and to allow them to complete their task without significant user cost. If it is discovered that frame rate does not have a significant impact upon the user, then bandwidth could be conserved and resources would be better allocated elsewhere.3.1MethodTo investigate the subjective and physiological effects of video frame rate, a full experiment investigating the effects of 5fps and 25fps was devised. We created these 'very low' and 'very high' quality conditions, as we wanted to determine if the difference in frame rate was still not noticed when it became more extreme than used by Anderson et al. (2000).Twenty-four volunteer participants watched two recorded interviews, which were acted between a university admissions tutor and two school pupils applying to University College London. The tutor and students played themselves in scripted interviews, which had been designed with the help of an admissions tutor to mimic typical interactions in such interviews and to ensure that the content of the interviews was not unduly stressful.The interviews were conducted using IP (Internet Protocol) videoconferencing tools on a high-quality computer screen. Audio quality was good and did not vary during the sessions. The interviews began at 16fps for five minutes: these results were disregarded in order to account for any change in physiological measurements due to the experiment beginning (see section 2.5.1). The interviews lasted fifteen minutes each. Participants saw two interviews at 5-25-5fps or 25-5-25fps: each frame rate was held for a period of five minutes (the frame rate changed twice in order to counteract any expectancy effect). The task was to make a judgement on the suitability of the candidates. The following hypotheses were posited:1.There will be different physiological responses to the two frame rates:5fps will cause more stress.2.Participants will not subjectively register the frame rate change.Participants rated the audio/video quality throughout the interviews using the QUASS tool (Bouch et al., 1998). After they had watched both interviews, a questionnaire was administered. This addressed how participants felt during the experiment and asked their opinions on the audio and video quality. Physiological measurements were taken throughout the experiment, and baseline responses were gathered for fifteen minutes before the experiment began.3.2Results9 Gillian M. Wilson and M. Angela SasseThe mean GSR, HR and BVP responses at both frame rates are shown in figures 2, 3 and 4 respectively.Figure 2: Mean GSR for each participant at 5fps and 25fpsFigure 3: Mean HR for each participant at 5fps and 25fpsFigure 4: Mean BVP for each participant at 5fps and 25fpsUtilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media Quality10 A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed on the data with the independent variables frame rate and order of presentation. There was no significant effect of order of presentation on any of the signals: GSR (F(1,22)=0.383, p=0.542); HR (F(1,22)=1.139, p=0.297); BVP (F(1,22)=0.680, p=0.418). There was a significant effect of frame rate on each of the signals: GSR (F(1,22)=9.925, p=0.005); HR (F(1,22)=9.415, p=0.006); BVP (F(1,22)=5.074, p=0.035). Examination of the direction of the means showed that GSR and HR significantly increased at 5fps whereas BVP significantly decreased at 5fps: these results are indicative of stress.4Discussion of ResultsThe results from this experiment show that there was a statistically significant effect of frame rate on participants' physiological responses in the direction predicted: 5fps caused responses indicative of stress. Thus, hypothesis 1 is supported. The questionnaire results showed that 84% of participants did not notice the frame rate change subjectively, thus hypothesis 2 is supported. In addition, there was no significant correlation between subjective and physiological results, which indicates that physiological measurements are tapping into a mechanism that subjective, cognitively mediated, responses do not register.These results are important as they indicate that, when users are engaged in a task, they do not subjectively notice the difference between two extreme frame rates during or after the task, however the difference is registered physiologically. Thus, the difference in quality does have a physiological impact upon the user. The direct implication of these results is that at very low frame rates, as used in this experiment, users have to work harder at the same task. Application designers and network providers should consider this information.The findings from this experiment imply that acceptable quality levels required for a task and those that result in unacceptable user cost should not be determined by subjective assessment alone, as they may not pick up important but subconscious effects.5Discussion5.1 ConclusionsThree main conclusions can be made from this research. Firstly, different levels of media quality cause different physiological responses in users and can be detected through common physiological measurement techniques. Secondly, subjective assessment and measures of task performance do not pick up all the effects of poor quality in the short-term, e.g. in an hour-long experimental study. It is possible that the negative effects of poor quality would emerge in these assessmentmethods in longer-term studies, yet for laboratory-based experiments physiological responses give a more instant account of how the quality affects the user. We therefore argue that the 3-tier approach to multimedia quality assessment, as described in section 2.3, needs to be utilised to determine if a certain level of media quality is usable. Furthermore, we suggest that the largely neglected question of user cost should be given due attention in usability evaluation of any technology, and that objective measures - such as physiological responses - may be more reliable measures of user cost than subjective methods, which are cognitively mediated.Critics of this approach may argue that it is not proven that stress responses are a reliable indicator that a factor - e.g. a level of media quality - is actually bad for the user. In our view, it is reasonable to assume that a significant deviation from baseline responses in the direction of stress indicates that the user has to work harder, and that this might manifest itself in a usability problem with prolonged use. At a time where the negative effects of stress in the workplace are debated, indications that a particular aspect of technology - such as the level of video quality- may be inducing stress deserves further investigation.5.2ContributionsOur continuing work in this area aims to produce three substantive contributions. Firstly, the minimum levels of multimedia quality for certain tasks at which users can successfully perform, without significant user cost, will be determined. The impact of problems caused by the network will be investigated, such as audio packet loss, delay and lip synchronisation. However, quality is not uni-dimensional and encompasses more than variables affected by the network. Thus, the effects of other contributing factors must be examined, e.g. volume differences between speakers and image size. This will allow network providers to allocate resources with the users requirements clearly specified, thus improving applications for the end user.These findings will be incorporated into the ETNA Project, which aims to produce a taxonomy of real-time multimedia tasks and applications, and to determine the maximum and minimum audio/video quality thresholds for a number of these tasks. This will greatly assist network providers and application designers, as they will have guidelines on the quality they need to deliver for specific tasks.Secondly, this research aims to build a utility curve. Utility curves provide a mechanism by which the network state can be related to the end user. Such curves are usually formulated by the results of subjective assessment, however by using physiological measurements an adaptive application could be built. This would enable the application to receive continuous feedback on the state of the user. In the future a user ‘wearing’ a discrete computer, like those being developed at MIT Media Lab, could have their physiological responses fed into a videoconferencing application. If the computer detected that the user was under stress, it would automatically adjust the variable of the videoconference causing stress to reduceuser cost and increase user satisfaction. If network congestion was occurring, the computer would then refer to the utility curve to deliver the next best quality possible.Finally, a methodological contribution will be made: guidelines stating the best physiological measurements to indicate a specific impairment in quality will be produced. This will pave the way for much needed further research in this area.5.3Future ApplicationsWe are currently in discussions with British Telecom about the possibility of using physiological measurements as a method of stress detection to evaluate a new interface that has been developed. The MUI (Motivational User Interface) was developed by Bournemouth University and BT’s Bournemouth ‘150’ call centre (Millard et al., 1999). It aims to motivate and provide feedback to call centre operators, thus reflecting their positive attitude back to the customer. BT wants to determine if operators are put under more or less stress when using the MUI, as opposed to the traditional interface. In addition there is interest in developing an adaptive application, whereby the application would modify itself if the operator became stressed.This example of industrial interest illustrates that the ability to detect discomfort and stress unconsciously has wide-ranging implications in product assessment. It can also be used in areas like teaching, stress control and providing 'emotionally sympathetic' user interfaces.AcknowledgementsGillian Wilson is funded through an EPSRC CASE studentship award with BT Labs. Many thanks to Dr Janet McDonnell of the Computer Science department at UCL, for her help in creating the interview task.ReferencesAnderson, A., Smallwood, L., MacDonald, R., Mullin, J., Fleming, A. & O'Malley, O. (2000), “Video Data and Video Links in Mediated Communication: What Do Users Value?”, International Journal of Human Computer Studies 52(1), 165-187.Bouch, A. & Sasse, M. A. (1999), “Network Quality of Service: What do Users Need?”, Proceedings of the 4th International Distributed Conference, 22nd – 23rd September 1999, Madrid.。