Binomial distribution-based quantitative measurement of multiple-acceptors

population 母体sample 样本census 普查sampling 抽样quantitative 量的qualitative/categorical质的discrete 离散的continuous 连续的population parameters 母体参数sample statistics 样本统计量descriptive statistics 叙述统计学inferential/inductive statistics 推论 ...抽样调查（sampliing survey单纯随机抽样（simple random sampling 系统抽样（systematic sampling分层抽样（stratified sampling整群抽样（cluster sampling多级抽样（multistage sampling常态分配(Parametric Statistics)无母数统计学(Nonparametric Statistics) 实验设计(Design of Experiment)参数(Parameter)Data analysis 资料分析Statistical table 统计表Statistical chart 统计图Pie chart 圆饼图Stem-and-leaf display 茎叶图Box plot 盒须图Histogram 直方图Bar Chart 长条图Polygon 次数多边图Ogive 肩形图Descriptive statistics 叙述统计学Expectation 期望值Mode 众数Mean 平均数Variance 变异数Standard deviation 标准差Standard error 标准误Covariance matrix 共变异数矩阵Inferential statistics 推论统计学Point estimation 点估计Interval estimation 区间估计Confidence interval 信赖区间Confidence coefficient 信赖系数Testing statistical hypothesis 统计假设检定Regression analysis 回归分析Analysis of variance 变异数分析Correlation coefficient 相关系数Sampling survey 抽样调查Census 普查Sampling 抽样Reliability 信度Validity 效度Sampling error 抽样误差Non-sampling error 非抽样误差Random sampling 随机抽样Simple random sampling 简单随机抽样法Stratified sampling 分层抽样法Cluster sampling 群集抽样法Systematic sampling 系统抽样法Two-stage random sampling 两段随机抽样法Convenience sampling 便利抽样Quota sampling 配额抽样Snowball sampling 雪球抽样Nonparametric statistics 无母数统计The sign test 等级检定Wilcoxon signed rank tests 魏克森讯号等级检定Wilcoxon rank sum tests 魏克森等级和检定Run test 连检定法Discrete uniform densities 离散的均匀密度Binomial densities 二项密度Hypergeometric densities 超几何密度Poisson densities 卜松密度Geometric densities 几何密度Negative binomial densities 负二项密度Continuous uniform densities 连续均匀密度Normal densities 常态密度Exponential densities 指数密度Gamma densities 伽玛密度Beta densities 贝他密度Multivariate analysis 多变量分析Principal components 主因子分析Discrimination analysis 区别分析Cluster analysis 群集分析Factor analysis 因素分析Survival analysis 存活分析Time series analysis 时间序列分析Linear models 线性模式Quality engineering 品质工程Probability theory 机率论Statistical computing 统计计算Statistical inference 统计推论Stochastic processes 随机过程Decision theory 决策理论Discrete analysis 离散分析Mathematical statistics 数理统计统计学: Statistics母体: Population样本: Sample资料分析: Data analysis统计表: Statistical table统计图: Statistical chart圆饼图: Pie chart茎叶图: Stem-and-leaf display盒须图: Box plot直方图: Histogram长条图: Bar Chart次数多边图: Polygon肩形图: Ogive叙述统计学: Descriptive statistics 期望值: Expectation众数: Mode平均数: Mean变异数: Variance标准差: Standard deviation标准误: Standard error共变异数矩阵: Covariance matrix推论统计学: Inferential statistics点估计: Point estimation区间估计: Interval estimation信赖区间: Confidence interval信赖系数: Confidence coefficient统计假设检定: Testing statisticalhypothesis回归分析: Regression analysis变异数分析: Analysis of variance相关系数: Correlation coefficient抽样调查: Sampling survey普查: Census抽样: Sampling信度: Reliability效度: Validity抽样误差: Sampling error非抽样误差: Non-sampling error随机抽样: Random sampling简单随机抽样法: Simple randomsampling分层抽样法: Stratified sampling群集抽样法: Cluster sampling系统抽样法: Systematic sampling两段随机抽样法: Two-stage randomsampling便利抽样: Convenience sampling配额抽样: Quota sampling雪球抽样: Snowball sampling无母数统计: Nonparametric statistics等级检定: The sign test魏克森讯号等级检定: Wilcoxon signedrank tests魏克森等级和检定: Wilcoxon rank sumtests连检定法: Run test离散的均匀密度: Discrete uniformdensities二项密度: Binomial densities超几何密度: Hypergeometric densities卜松密度: Poisson densities几何密度: Geometric densities负二项密度: Negative binomial densities连续均匀密度: Continuous uniformdensities常态密度: Normal densities指数密度: Exponential densities伽玛密度: Gamma densities贝他密度: Beta densities多变量分析: Multivariate analysis主因子分析: Principal components区别分析: Discrimination analysis群集分析: Cluster analysis因素分析: Factor analysis存活分析: Survival analysis时间序列分析: Time series analysis线性模式: Linear models品质工程: Quality engineering机率论: Probability theory统计计算: Statistical computing统计推论: Statistical inference随机过程: Stochastic processes决策理论: Decision theory离散分析: Discrete analysis数理统计: Mathematical statistics统计名词市调辞典众数(Mode) 普查(census)指数(Index) 问卷(Questionnaire)中位数(Median) 信度(Reliability)百分比(Percentage) 母群体(Population)信赖水准(Confidence level) 观察法(Observational Survey)假设检定(Hypothesis Testing) 综合法(Integrated Survey)卡方检定(Chi-square Test) 雪球抽样(Snowball Sampling)差距量表(Interval Scale) 序列偏差(Series Bias)类别量表(Nominal Scale) 次级资料(Secondary Data)顺序量表(Ordinal Scale) 抽样架构(Sampling frame)比率量表(Ratio Scale) 集群抽样(Cluster Sampling)连检定法(Run Test) 便利抽样(Convenience Sampling)符号检定(Sign Test) 抽样调查(SamplingSur)算术平均数(Arithmetic Mean) 非抽样误差(non-sampling error)展示会法(Display Survey)调查名词准确效度(Criterion-RelatedValidity)元素(Element) 邮寄问卷法(Mail Interview)样本(Sample) 信抽样误差(Sampling error)效度(Validity) 封闭式问题(Close Question)精确度(Precision) 电话访问法(TelephoneInterview)准确度(Validity) 随机抽样法(RandomSampling)实验法(Experiment Survey)抽样单位(Sampling unit) 资讯名词市场调查(Marketing Research) 决策树(Decision Trees)容忍误差(Tolerated erro) 资料采矿(DataMining)初级资料(Primary Data) 时间序列(Time-Series Forecasting)目标母体(Target Population) 回归分析(Regression)抽样偏差(Sampling Bias) 趋势分析(TrendAnalysis)抽样误差(sampling error) 罗吉斯回归(Logistic Regression)架构效度(Construct Validity) 类神经网络(Neural Network)配额抽样(Quota Sampling) 无母数统计检定方法(Non-Parametric Test)人员访问法(Interview) 判别分析法(Discriminant Analysis)集群分析法(cluster analysis) 规则归纳法(Rules Induction)内容效度(Content Validity) 判断抽样(Judgment Sampling)开放式问题(Open Question) OLAP(OnlineAnalytical Process)分层随机抽样(Stratified Randomsampling) 资料仓储(Data Warehouse)非随机抽样法(Nonrandom Sampling) 知识发现(Knowledge DiscoveryAbsolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additive Noise, 加性噪声Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alpha factoring,α因子法Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换Area 区域图Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs),BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector,卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Collinearity, 共线性Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate,相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照, 质量控制图Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation, 相关性Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Crosstabs 列联表分析Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve Estimation, 曲线拟合Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Direct Oblimin, 斜交旋转Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Error Bar, 均值相关区间图Effect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explained variance （已说明方差）Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查Generalized least squares, 综合最小平方法GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点High-Low, 低区域图Higher Order Interaction Effects，高阶交互作用HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Image factoring,, 多元回归法Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K-Means Cluster逐步聚类分析K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least Squared Criterion，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Leveage Correction，杠杆率校正Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logi t转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形MSC（多元散射校正）Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal P-P, 正态概率分布图Normal Q-Q, 正态概率单位分布图Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Normalization 归一化Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Pareto, 直条构成线图（又称佩尔托图）Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式PCA（主成分分析）Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 构成图,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡PLS（偏最小二乘法）Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal axis factoring,主轴因子法Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified randomsampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q 图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和residual variance (剩余方差)Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequence, 普通序列图Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significant Level, 显著水平Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Test(检验)Test of linearity, 线性检验Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数。

population 母体sample 样本census 普查sampling 抽样quantitative 量的qualitative/categorical质的discrete 离散的continuous 连续的population parameters 母体参数sample statistics 样本统计量descriptive statistics 叙述统计学inferential/inductive statistics 推论 ...抽样调查（sampliing survey单纯随机抽样（simple random sampling系统抽样（systematic sampling分层抽样（stratified sampling整群抽样（cluster sampling多级抽样（multistage sampling常态分配(Parametric Statistics)无母数统计学(Nonparametric Statistics)实验设计(Design of Experiment)参数(Parameter)Data analysis 资料分析Statistical table 统计表Statistical chart 统计图Pie chart 圆饼图Stem-and-leaf display 茎叶图Box plot 盒须图Histogram 直方图Bar Chart 长条图Polygon 次数多边图Ogive 肩形图Descriptive statistics 叙述统计学Expectation 期望值Mode 众数Mean 平均数Variance 变异数Standard deviation 标准差Standard error 标准误Covariance matrix 共变异数矩阵Inferential statistics 推论统计学Point estimation 点估计Interval estimation 区间估计Confidence interval 信赖区间Confidence coefficient 信赖系数Testing statistical hypothesis 统计假设检定Regression analysis 回归分析Analysis of variance 变异数分析Correlation coefficient 相关系数Sampling survey 抽样调查Census 普查Sampling 抽样Reliability 信度Validity 效度Sampling error 抽样误差Non-sampling error 非抽样误差Random sampling 随机抽样Simple random sampling 简单随机抽样法Stratified sampling 分层抽样法Cluster sampling 群集抽样法Systematic sampling 系统抽样法Two-stage random sampling 两段随机抽样法Convenience sampling 便利抽样Quota sampling 配额抽样Snowball sampling 雪球抽样Nonparametric statistics 无母数统计The sign test 等级检定Wilcoxon signed rank tests 魏克森讯号等级检定Wilcoxon rank sum tests 魏克森等级和检定Run test 连检定法Discrete uniform densities 离散的均匀密度Binomial densities 二项密度Hypergeometric densities 超几何密度Poisson densities 卜松密度Geometric densities 几何密度Negative binomial densities 负二项密度Continuous uniform densities 连续均匀密度Normal densities 常态密度Exponential densities 指数密度Gamma densities 伽玛密度Beta densities 贝他密度Multivariate analysis 多变量分析Principal components 主因子分析Word 资料Discrimination analysis 区别分析Cluster analysis 群集分析Factor analysis 因素分析Survival analysis 存活分析Time series analysis 时间序列分析Linear models 线性模式Quality engineering 品质工程Probability theory 机率论Statistical computing 统计计算Statistical inference 统计推论Stochastic processes 随机过程Decision theory 决策理论Discrete analysis 离散分析Mathematical statistics 数理统计统计学: Statistics母体: Population样本: Sample资料分析: Data analysis统计表: Statistical table统计图: Statistical chart圆饼图: Pie chart茎叶图: Stem-and-leaf display 盒须图: Box plot直方图: Histogram长条图: Bar Chart次数多边图: Polygon肩形图: Ogive叙述统计学: Descriptive statistics 期望值: Expectation众数: Mode平均数: Mean变异数: Variance标准差: Standard deviation标准误: Standard error共变异数矩阵: Covariance matrix推论统计学: Inferential statistics点估计: Point estimation区间估计: Interval estimation信赖区间: Confidence interval信赖系数: Confidence coefficient统计假设检定: Testing statistical hypothesis回归分析: Regression analysis变异数分析: Analysis of variance相关系数: Correlation coefficient抽样调查: Sampling survey普查: Census抽样: Sampling信度: Reliability效度: Validity抽样误差: Sampling error非抽样误差: Non-sampling error随机抽样: Random sampling简单随机抽样法: Simple random sampling分层抽样法: Stratified sampling群集抽样法: Cluster sampling系统抽样法: Systematic sampling两段随机抽样法: Two-stage randomsampling便利抽样: Convenience sampling配额抽样: Quota sampling雪球抽样: Snowball sampling无母数统计: Nonparametric statistics等级检定: The sign test魏克森讯号等级检定: Wilcoxon signed ranktests魏克森等级和检定: Wilcoxon rank sum tests连检定法: Run test离散的均匀密度: Discrete uniform densities二项密度: Binomial densities超几何密度: Hypergeometric densities卜松密度: Poisson densities几何密度: Geometric densities负二项密度: Negative binomial densities连续均匀密度: Continuous uniform densities常态密度: Normal densities指数密度: Exponential densities伽玛密度: Gamma densities贝他密度: Beta densities多变量分析: Multivariate analysis主因子分析: Principal components区别分析: Discrimination analysis群集分析: Cluster analysis因素分析: Factor analysisWord 资料.Word 资料存活分析 : Survival analysis 时间序列分析 : Time series analysis 线性模式 : Linear models 品质工程 : Quality engineering 机率论 : Probability theory 统计计算 : Statistical computing 统计推论 : Statistical inference 随机过程 : Stochastic processes 决策理论 : Decision theory 离散分析 : Discrete analysis 数理统计 : Mathematical statistics 统 计 名 词 市 调 辞 典 众数(Mode) 普查(census) 指数(Index) 问卷(Questionnaire) 中位数(Median) 信度(Reliability) 百分比(Percentage) 母群体(Population) 信赖水准(Confidence level) 观察法(Observational Survey) 假设检定(Hypothesis Testing) 综合法(Integrated Survey) 卡方检定(Chi-square Test) 雪球抽样(Snowball Sampling) 差距量表(Interval Scale) 序列偏差(Series Bias) 类别量表(Nominal Scale) 次级资料(Secondary Data) 顺序量表(Ordinal Scale) 抽样架构(Sampling frame) 比率量表(Ratio Scale) 集群抽样(Cluster Sampling) 连检定法(Run Test) 便利抽样(Convenience Sampling) 符号检定(Sign Test) 抽样调查(Sampling Sur) 算术平均数(Arithmetic Mean) 非抽样误差(non-sampling error) 展示会法(Display Survey) 调 查 名 词 准确效度(Criterion-Related Validity) 元素(Element) 邮寄问卷法(Mail Interview) 样本(Sample) 信抽样误差(Sampling error) 效度(Validity) 封闭式问题(Close Question) 精确度(Precision) 电话访问法(Telephone Interview) 准确度(Validity) 随机抽样法(Random Sampling) 实验法(Experiment Survey) 抽样单位(Sampling unit) 资 讯 名 词 市场调查(Marketing Research) 决策树(Decision Trees) 容忍误差(Tolerated erro) 资料采矿(Data Mining) 初级资料(Primary Data) 时间序列(Time-Series Forecasting) 目标母体(Target Population) 回归分析(Regression) 抽样偏差(Sampling Bias) 趋势分析(Trend Analysis) 抽样误差(sampling error) 罗吉斯回归(Logistic Regression) 架构效度(Construct Validity) 类神经网络(Neural Network) 配额抽样(Quota Sampling) 无母数统计检定方法(Non-Parametric Test) 人员访问法(Interview) 判别分析法(Discriminant Analysis) 集群分析法(cluster analysis) 规则归纳法(Rules Induction) 内容效度(Content Validity) 判断抽样(Judgment Sampling) 开放式问题(Open Question) OLAP(Online Analytical Process) 分层随机抽样(Stratified Random sampling) 资料仓储(Data Warehouse) 非随机抽样法(Nonrandom Sampling) 知识发现(Knowledge Discovery Absolute deviation, 绝对离差 Absolute number, 绝对数 Absolute residuals, 绝对残差 Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵 Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度 Acceleration normal, 法向加速度 Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数 Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度 Acceleration vector, 加速度向量 Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设 Accumulation, 累积 Accuracy, 准确度 Actual frequency, 实际频数.Word 资料Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量 Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理 Additive Noise, 加性噪声 Additivity, 可加性 Adjusted rate, 调整率 Adjusted value, 校正值 Admissible error, 容许误差 Aggregation, 聚集性 Alpha factoring,α因子法Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设 Among groups, 组间 Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析 Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析 Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析 Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析 Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析 Analysis of variance, 方差分析 Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance ）, 方差分析 ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析 Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换 Area 区域图Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸 Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数 Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系 Assessing fit, 拟合的评估 Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布 Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率 Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差 Attributable risk, 归因危险度 Attribute data, 属性资料 Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关 Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率 Bar chart, 条形图 Bar graph, 条形图 Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes 定理 Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布 Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量 Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归 Binomial distribution, 二项分布 Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布 Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体 Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M 估计量 Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP 统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点 Canonical correlation, 典型相关 Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究 Categorical variable, 分类变量 Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系 Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标 Central tendency, 集中趋势 Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测 Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差 Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程.Word 资料Characteristic root, 特征根 Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则 Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图 Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解 Circle chart, 圆图 Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值 Class upper limit, 组上限 Classified variable, 分类变量 Cluster analysis, 聚类分析 Cluster sampling, 整群抽样 Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据 Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数 Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数 Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数 Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数 Coefficient of regression, 回归系数 Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数 Coefficient of variation, 变异系数 Cohort study, 队列研究 Collinearity, 共线性 Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素 Combination pool, 合并 Combinative table, 组合表 Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数 Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差 Common variation, 公共变异 Communality variance, 共性方差 Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较 Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型 Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件 Complete association, 完全正相关 Complete dissociation, 完全不相关 Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计 Composite event, 联合事件 Composite events, 复合事件 Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望 Conditional likelihood, 条件似然 Conditional probability, 条件概率 Conditionally linear, 依条件线性 Confidence interval, 置信区间 Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限 Confidence upper limit, 置信上限 Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析 Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究 Confounding factor, 混杂因素 Conjoint, 联合分析 Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布 Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布 Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型 Contingency table, 列联表 Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率 Control, 对照, 质量控制图Controlled experiments, 对照实验 Conventional depth, 常规深度 Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子 Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数 Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数 Correlation, 相关性.Word 资料Correlation index, 相关指数 Correspondence, 对应 Counting, 计数 Counts, 计数/频数 Covariance, 协方差 Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox 回归 Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则 Critical ratio, 临界比 Critical region, 拒绝域 Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析 Cross-section survey, 横断面调查 Crosstabs , 交叉表 Crosstabs 列联表分析Cross-tabulation table, 复合表 Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数 Cumulative probability, 累计概率 Curvature, 曲率/弯曲 Curvature, 曲率Curve Estimation, 曲线拟合 Curve fit , 曲线拟和 Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归 Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系 Cut-and-try method, 尝试法 Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性 D test, D 检验Data acquisition, 资料收集 Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量 Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏 Data handling, 数据处理 Data manipulation, 数据处理 Data processing, 数据处理 Data reduction, 数据缩减 Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换 Data validity, 数据有效性 Data-in, 数据输入 Data-out, 数据输出 Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度 Degree of precision, 精密度 Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度 Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量 Dependent variable, 因变量 Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法 Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性 Determinant, 行列式 Determinant, 决定因素 Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差 Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量 Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法 Direct Oblimin, 斜交旋转 Discrete variable, 离散型变量 DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析 Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数 Discriminant function, 判别值 Dispersion, 散布/分散度 Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布 Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法 Distributive laws, 分配律 Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线 Double blind method, 双盲法 Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布 Double logarithmic, 双对数 Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图.Word 资料DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan 新法Error Bar, 均值相关区间图 Effect, 实验效应 Eigenvalue, 特征值 Eigenvector, 特征向量 Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布 Empirical probability, 经验概率单位 Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量 Equally likely, 等可能 Equivariance, 同变性 Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差 Error type I, 第一类错误 Error type II, 第二类错误 Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方 Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和 Euclidean distance, 欧式距离 Event, 事件 Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点 Expectation plane, 期望平面 Expectation surface, 期望曲面 Expected values, 期望值 Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explained variance （已说明方差） Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析 Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要 Exponential curve, 指数曲线 Exponential growth, 指数式增长 EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法 Extended fit, 扩充拟合 Extra parameter, 附加参数 Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值 Extremes, 极端值/极值 F distribution, F 分布 F test, F 检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析 Factor Analysis, 因子分析 Factor score, 因子得分 Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计 False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误 Family of distributions, 分布族 Family of estimators, 估计量族 Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查 Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体 Finite-sample, 有限样本 First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分 First quartile, 第一四分位数 Fisher information, 费雪信息量 Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合 Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏 Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表 Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率 Fractional error, 相对误差 Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图 Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系 Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布 Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布 Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量 General census, 全面普查Generalized least squares, 综合最小平方法GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型 Geometric mean, 几何平均数 Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型 Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度.Word 资料Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方 Grand mean, 总均值 Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度 Group averages, 分组平均 Grouped data, 分组资料 Guessed mean, 假定平均数 Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M 估计量 Happenstance, 偶然事件 Harmonic mean, 调和均数 Hazard function, 风险均数 Hazard rate, 风险率 Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布 Hessian array, 海森立体阵 Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐 Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法 High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点 High-Low, 低区域图Higher Order Interaction Effects ，高阶交互作用 HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型 Hinge, 折叶点 Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究 Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M 估计量 Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验 Hypothetical universe, 假设总体 Image factoring,, 多元回归法 Impossible event, 不可能事件 Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量 Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法 Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体 Infinitely great, 无穷大 Infinitely small, 无穷小 Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量 Initial condition, 初始条件 Initial estimate, 初始估计值 Initial level, 最初水平 Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项 Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距 Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间 Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率 Invariance, 不变性 Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵 Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换 Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式 Joint distribution function, 分布函数 Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布 K-Means Cluster 逐步聚类分析 K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度 Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier 图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall 等级相关 Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal 及Wallis 检验/多样本的秩和检验/H 检验 Kurtosis, 峰度 Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯 Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验 Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计 Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形 Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布 Least significant difference, 最小显著差法.Word 资料Least square method, 最小二乘法Least Squared Criterion ，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合 Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线 Legend, 图例L-estimator, L 估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L 估计量 L-estimator of scale, 尺度L 估计量 Level, 水平Leveage Correction ，杠杆率校正 Life expectance, 预期期望寿命 Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布 Likelihood function, 似然函数 Likelihood ratio, 似然比 line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关 Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划 Linear regression, 直线回归 Linear Regression, 线性回归 Linear trend, 线性趋势 Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性 Location equivariance, 位置同变性 Location invariance, 位置不变性 Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验 Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布 Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换 Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布 Logit transformation, Logit 转换 LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型 Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布 Lost function, 损失函数 Low correlation, 低度相关 Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差 LSD, 最小显著差法的简称 Lurking variable, 潜在变量 Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数 Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布 Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布 Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配 Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配 Mathematical expectation, 数学期望 Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量 Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法 Mean, 均数 Mean squares between groups, 组间均方 Mean squares within group, 组内均方 Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较 Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量 Median lethal dose, 半数致死量 Median polish, 中位数平滑 Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量 Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计 Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量 Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量 MINITAB, 统计软件包 Minor heading, 宾词标目 Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定 Modeling Statistics , 模型统计 Models for outliers, 离群值模型 Modifying the model, 模型的修正 Modulus of continuity, 连续性模 Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形 MSC （多元散射校正）Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较 Multiple correlation , 复相关.Word 资料Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归 Multiple response , 多重选项 Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理 Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样 Multivariate T distribution, 多元T 分布 Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立 Natural boundary, 自然边界 Natural dead, 自然死亡 Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关 Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q 检验 NK method, q 检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义 Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性 Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关 Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计 Nonparametric test, 非参数检验 Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验 Normal deviate, 正态离差 Normal distribution, 正态分布 Normal equation, 正规方程组 Normal P-P, 正态概率分布图Normal Q-Q, 正态概率单位分布图Normal ranges, 正常范围 Normal value, 正常值 Normalization 归一化Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数 Null hypothesis, 无效假设 Numerical variable, 数值变量 Objective function, 目标函数 Observation unit, 观察单位 Observed value, 观察值 One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析 Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析 Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计 Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率 Order statistics, 顺序统计量 Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归 Ordinal variable, 有序变量 Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计 Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件 ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计 Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点 Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关 Overshoot, 迭代过度 Paired design, 配对设计 Paired sample, 配对样本 Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率 Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验 Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计 Parametric test, 参数检验Pareto, 直条构成线图（又称佩尔托图） Partial correlation, 偏相关 Partial regression, 偏回归 Partial sorting, 偏排序 Partials residuals, 偏残差 Pattern, 模式PCA （主成分分析）Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线 Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图 Percentage, 百分比 Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线 Periodicity, 周期性 Permutation, 排列 P-estimator, P 估计量 Pie graph, 构成图,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量 Pivot, 枢轴量 Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设 PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡PLS （偏最小二乘法） Point estimation, 点估计.Word 资料Poisson distribution, 泊松分布 Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差 Polled variance, 合并方差 Polygon, 多边图 Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线 Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度 Positive correlation, 正相关 Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布 Power of a test, 检验效能 Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析 Principal axis factoring,主轴因子法Principal component analysis, 主成分分析 Prior distribution, 先验分布 Prior probability, 先验概率 Probabilistic model, 概率模型 probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度 Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差 Profile trace, 截面迹图 Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样 Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查 Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F 检验 Pseudo model, 近似模型 Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样 QR decomposition, QR 分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似 Qualitative classification, 属性分类 Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q 图 Quantitative analysis, 定量分析 Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类 Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计 Random event, 随机事件 Randomization, 随机化 Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关 Rank sum test, 秩和检验 Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料 Rate, 比率 Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料 Raw residual, 原始残差 Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验 Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z 值 Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换 Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量 Reducing dimensions, 降维 Re-expression, 重新表达 Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域 Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和 Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度 Relative number, 相对数 Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数 Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和 residual variance (剩余方差) Resistance, 耐抗性 Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R 估计量 R-estimator of scale, 尺度R 估计量 Retrospective study, 回顾性调查 Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit 分析 Rotation, 旋转.Word 资料Rounding, 舍入 Row, 行Row effects, 行效应 Row factor, 行因素 RXC table, RXC 表 Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数 Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差 Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS 统计软件包 Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图 Schematic plot, 示意图/简图 Score test, 计分检验 Screening, 筛检 SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图 Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸 Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线 Sequential analysis, 贯序分析 Sequence, 普通序列图Sequential data set, 顺序数据集 Sequential design, 贯序设计 Sequential method, 贯序法 Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法 Sigmoid curve, S 形曲线 Sign function, 正负号函数 Sign test, 符号检验 Signed rank, 符号秩Significant Level, 显著水平 Significance test, 显著性检验 Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样 Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样 Simple regression, 简单回归 simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计 Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布 Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布 Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验 Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关 Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差 Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布 Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS 统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换 Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差 Standard deviation, 标准差 Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误 Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差 Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布 Standardization, 标准化 Starting value, 起始值 Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制 Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断 Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法 Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图 Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归 Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样 Stratified sampling, 分层抽样 Strength, 强度 Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t 化残差.Word 资料Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量 Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量 Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和 Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和 Sure event, 必然事件 Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析 Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图 Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差 Systematic sampling, 系统抽样 Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积 Tail length, 尾长 Tail weight, 尾重 Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布 Taylor series, 泰勒级数 Test(检验)Test of linearity, 线性检验Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势 Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验 Theoretical frequency, 理论频数 Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限 Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限 Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和 Total variation, 总变异 Transformation, 转换 Treatment, 处理 Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势 Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法 Tuning constant, 细调常数 Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方 Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样 Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析 Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误 Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称 Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量 Ungrouped data, 不分组资料 Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标 Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Unweighted least squares, 未加权最小平方法 Upper limit, 上限 Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念 Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性 Variable, 变量 Variance, 方差 Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转 Volume of distribution, 容积 W test, W 检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布 Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran 检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归 Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差 Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和 Weighting coefficient, 权重系数 Weighting method, 加权法 W-estimation, W 估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W 估计量 Width, 宽度。

⼀．名词解释（3—5题，20分）1.总体（population）：根据研究⽬的⽽确定的同质观察单位的全体。

2.样本（sample）：从总体中随机抽取的部分个体。

3.同质（homogeneity）：观察单位（研究个体）间被研究指标的影响因素相同。

4.统计量(statistic)：样本的统计指标，如样本均数、标准差，采⽤拉丁字⺟分别记为X、S。

是参数附近波动的随机变量。

5.参数（parameter）：总体的统计指标，如总体均数、标准差，采⽤希腊字⺟分别记为µ、σ。

是固定的常数6.⼩概率：统计学上将不太可能发⽣的事件称为⼩概率事件。

⼀般习惯将P《0.05称为⼩概率事件，表示⼀次实验或观察中该事件发⽣的可能性很⼩，可是为不发⽣。

7.可信区间（confidence bound/confidence interval,CI）：按预先给定的概率（1－a）所确定的包含未知总体参数的可能范围。

8.I型错误（弃真）：拒绝实际上成⽴的H0，这类“弃真”的错误称为I型错误。

（1－a）即可信度:重复抽样时，样本区间包含总体参数（m）的百分数。

9.II型错误（纳伪）:接受了实际上不成⽴的H0，这类“取伪”的错误称为II型错误，记为β。

（1－β）即把握度（或检验效能）:两总体确有差别，被检出有差别的能⼒。

10.系统误差(system error)：实验过程中产⽣的误差，它的值或恒定不变，或遵循⼀定的变化规律，其产⽣原因往往是可知的或能掌握的。

（受确定因素影响，⼤⼩变化有⽅向性）11.随机误差(random error)：⼀类不固定的、随机变化的误差，由多种尚⽆法控制的因素引起。

（影响因素众多，变化⽆⽅向性，不可避免，但可⽤统计⽅法进⾏分析）12.医学参考值（reference value）：是指包括绝⼤多数正常⼈的⼈体形态、功能和代谢产物等各种⽣理及⽣化指标常数，也称正常值。

13.P值：H0成⽴的前提下，⽤样本数据所获得的检验统计量，及⽐样本数据绝对值更为极端的某曲线下的⾯积。

⼆项分布与超⼏何分布辨析⼆项分布与超⼏何分布辨析马关县民族职业⾼级中学杨平荣摘要：⼆项分布与超⼏何分布是中学数学研究的两种分布类型，本⽂通过对两种分布的定义辨析⼊⼿，重点研究了超⼏何分布与⼆项分布的区别与联系，通过实例分析了两种分布类型的适⽤范围，理清了导致混淆的根源。

关键词：超⼏何分布、⼆项分布、辨析、区别与联系。

正⽂：在⼈教版《数学选修2-3》的课本中，第⼆章《概率》的2.1节和2.2节分别介绍了两种离散型随机变量的概率分布，超⼏何分布(hyper-geometric distribution)与⼆项分布（binomial distribution）。

通过实例，让学⽣认识模型所刻画的随机变量的共同特点，从⽽建⽴新的模型，并能运⽤两模型解决⼀些实际问题。

然⽽在教学过程中，却发现学⽣不能准确地辨别所要解决的问题是属于超⼏何分布还是⼆项分布，学⽣对这两模型的定义不能很好的理解，⼀遇到含“取”或“摸”的题型，就认为是超⼏何分布，不加分析，随便滥⽤公式。

事实上，超⼏何分布和⼆项分布确实有着密切的联系，但也有明显的区别。

⼀、概念辨析⼆项分布：课本定义：在n次独⽴重复试验中，⽤X表⽰事件A发⽣的次数，设每次试验中事件A发⽣的概率为p，则P(X=k)=C n k p k(1?p)n?k,k= 0，1,2，?，n.此时称随机变量X服从⼆项分布（binomial distribution）,记作X~B(n,k),并称p为成功概率。

期望EX=np,⽅差DX=np(1-p).超⼏何分布：课本定义：⼀般地，在含有M件次品的N件产品中，任取n件，其中恰有X 件次品，则P(X=k)=C M k ?C N?Mn?kC Nn ,k=0,1,2?m.其中m =min {M,n }，且n ≤N ，M ≤N,n ，M ，N ∈N ?.则称随机变量X 服从超⼏何分布（hypergeometric distribution ），记作X ~H(N,n,M ），期望DX =nM N，⽅差DX =nM(N?M)(N?n)[N (N?1)]。

5 – Binomial Random Variable and Probability Distribution 5.1 - Motivating Example and Definitions:5.2 - Binomial Distribution and Random VariableA binomial random variable, X, is defined to be the number of “successes” in nindependent trials where the P(success) = p is constant for each of trials. In the definition above notice the following conditions need to be satisfied for a binomial experiment:1. There is a fixed number of n trials carried out.2. The outcome of a given trial is either a “success” or “failure”.3. The probability of success (p ) remains constant from trial to trial.)1()()(p failure P and p success P -=== q4. The trials are independent, that is the outcome of a given trial is not affected by the outcome of any other trial.Binomial Probability Functionk k where n x ,q p x n x n q p x n x X P x n x x n x ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅==-=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛==--321!,...,1,0)!(!!)(The factorial expression in front counts the number of ways it is possible to obtain x successes in n trials while the remainder of the formula gives the probability of getting a particular sequence with x “successes” and n – x “failures”.Mean # of successes μ = np Standard deviation of the # of successes σ = npqThe JMP spreadsheet Binomial Table Generator does all the probability calculations for the following:∙P(X = x) = probability of obtaining x “success” in n trials.∙P(X < x) = probabilit y of obtaining x or less “successes” in n trials.∙P(X > x) = probability of obtaining x or more “successes” in n trials.To use the Binomial Table Generator file in JMP you simply need to change the number of independent trials (n) and the probability of success (p) in the table below. To change the n and p values right-click at the top of the column and select Formula. You can then change the number in the formula to your desired values for n and p. The table automatically updates and gives the following probabilities in the last three columns. Be sure to look at the comments on each in the upper left-hand corner of the table.Example 1: Drug Side EffectsA drug company claims that 10% of patients taking the drug will experience adverse side effects. To test this claim a researcher administers the drug to a random sample of 20 patients. Let X = the number patients in our sample who experience adverse side effects. Does this study meet the conditions of binomial probability experiment?To set up the binomial probability table for this situation we need to change the number of trials to n = 20 and the probability of success to p = .10, to do this right-click on the top of each column and select Formula.a) What is the probability that exactly 4 patients experience side effects?b) What is the probability that 2 patients or less experience side effects?c) What is the probability that 5 patients or less experience side effects?d) What is the probability that 6 or more patients experience side effects?e) Suppose that in our sample 6 patients experience side effects. What do think about the claim made by the drug company on the basis of this result?f) Suppose we gave the drug to 100 patients. If the drug company’s claim regarding side effects is true, how many side effects do we expect to observe, i.e. what is the mean or expected value of X? Recall: For a binomial random variable np =μg) Find the standard deviation of the number of side effects and use it to give an interval that is very likely to cover the number of side effects observed when giving the drug to n = 100 patients. Recall: For a binomial random variable npq =σWhen n is sufficiently large then X = # of “successes” in the n trials is approximately normally distributed. As an example consider the histogram below which shows the simulated results of 10,000 clinical trials where for each trial n = 100 patients are given a drug which has 10=effectPp or a 10% chance of causing a side effect and theside.)(=number of patients experiencing side effects is observed.h) How many side effects would you have to observe to be convinced that the 10% side effect is wrong and that the true side effect rate is greater?Binomial Distribution Table for n = 100 and p = .10Example 2: Effect of Togetherness on Heart Rates of Rats (SIGN TEST)A researcher was interested in determining if the heart rate of rats increases when they are in a cage with other rats versus when they are in a cage by themselves. The researcher thought this would be the case but wanted to conduct a study to determine if this hypothesis was supported empirically.What did we conclude regarding the research hypothesis?Example 3: Swain vs. AlabamaIn 1965, an appeal to the Supreme Court was made by a black man (the petitioner) sentenced to death after being convicted in the Circuit Court of Talladega County, Alabama, of the rape of a 17 year-old white girl by an all-white jury. At the time of the crime, the defendant was 19. The petitioner alleged (among other things) that the entire process of selecting eligible jurors, from the jury pool of eligible jurors to the jury panel (from which the trial jury is chosen), was racially discriminatory.At the time, in the early 1960’s, eligible jurors in Alabama were males over 21. According to Census figures available then, there were 16,406 individuals that fit the profile in Talladega Country. Twenty-six percent of these individuals were African-Americans. When 100 individuals were chosen to serve on the jury panel, only 8 of them were African-Americans*. What is the likelihood of getting 8 blacks in a sample of 100 drawn from the population of males eligible for jury duty in Talladega County?。

概率论与数理统计英汉对照词汇1概率论与数理统计词汇Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的、校正的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验assumed mean假定平均值asymmetric distribution 非对称分布autoregressive 自回归（的）availability 有效度average均值averages 平均量Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图Bartlett's test 巴特利特检验Bayes, -ian 贝叶斯的、贝叶斯beta-distribution 贝塔分布beta function 贝塔函数between （间）内between groups 组间的bias 偏倚、偏差biased question 有偏问题binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验binomial theorem 二项定理bioassay 生物鉴定法bivariate normal distribution二元正态分布blind test盲检法Bonferroni's inequality 邦费罗尼不等式bootstrap自助法Box-Cox transformation Box-Cox变换Ccalculate 计算case 个案canonical correlation 典型相关case control study 案例对照研究categorization 分类categorize 分类category 类别causality 因果关系center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势central limit theorem中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality切比雪夫不等式chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classification分类、种类classify 分类、归类cluster analysis 聚类分析coding 编码coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of concordance一致性系数coefficient of determination可决系数collinearity 共线性column 列comparison 比较common factors 公共因子，公因数communality 公因子方差component 成分compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的conditional probability 条件概率confidence coefficient 置信系数confidence interval置信区间confidence limits 置信界限confirmatory确定的confound, -ing 混杂、混杂法confounding design 混杂设计convergence in law （distribution）依法则收敛（依分布收敛）consistency 一致性consistent 一致性continuous distribution 连续分布control（group）控制、控制（群）constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correction 校正、修正correction factor 校正因子correction for continuity 连续校正correlation 相关correlation coefficient 相关系数correlation ratio 相关比correlogram 相关图covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵covariate共变向量covariation共变criterion variable 基准变量critical point 临界点critical region判别区域critical value 临界值cross-section 横截面cross-tabulation 交叉表crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数cumulative frequency 累积频率curve estimation 曲线估计curvilinear曲线（的）Ddata 数据data analysis数据分析default 默认的definition 定义degree of freedom 自由度deleted residual 剔除残差density 密度density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述descriptive statistics 描述性统计design of experiment 试验设计deviate 偏差deviation 偏、偏差deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维distribution 指数分布discrimination 判別discriminatory analysis 判别分析discriminant function 判別函数discrete variable 离散变量discrete distribution 离散分布distance 距离distribution 分布D.K.（Don't Know）dose-response curve （relationship）用量反应曲线（关系）double blind test 二重盲检法downward trend 下降倾向drop out 脱落例D-optimal design D-优化设计Durbin-Watson statistic（ratio）Durbin-Watson统计量（比）（cf. standard -- , mean --）dichotomous question二分搜索法Eefficient, efficiency 有效的、有效性effects of interaction 交互效应eigenvalue 特征值Engel's coefficient 恩格尔系数Entropy 熵Epidemiology 流行病学equal 相等equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差error margin 误差幅度error of the first kind（type I error）第1类误差error of the second kind（type II error）第2类误差error term 误差项estimable 可估的estimate 估计量estimation 估计estimator 估计量estimate 估计estimation of parameters参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量event 事件exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值exact probability test 直接概率法expectation 期望expected frequency 期待度数experimental design 试验设计explanatory variable 说明变量exploratory 探索的exponential 指数Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor loadings因子输入量（系数）factor score 因子得分factorial effects 析因效应factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fiducial probability 置信概率fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值filter, -ing 滤子finite population 有限总体Fisher information 费希尔信息itting 拟合fixed-effect model固定效应模型fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量follow-up study 追跡研究force of mortality 死力fractional factorial design部分析因设计frequency 频数fractional factorial design分步实施计划设计free-answer question 自由回答法frequency 频率frequency distribution 频率分布F statistic（ratio, test）F 统计量（F 比、F 检验）full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数GGauss, Gaussian 高斯（的）gamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值genetic algorithm 遗传算法geometric distribution 几何分布geometric mean 几何平均值goodness of fit 拟合优度Greco-Latin square 正交拉丁方group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值hazard function 故障率函数heterogeneity 不齐性heteroscedastic, -ity异方差（性）histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance方差齐性homoscedastic, -ity 同方差（性）hypergeometric distribution超几何分布hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数infinite population 无限总体Input 入力Inspection 检查interval estimation 区间推定interval scale 间隔尺度interaction 交互作用Intercept 切片interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代item 项KKaplan-Meier estimateKaplan-Meier估计Kendall's rank correlation coefficients肯德尔等级相关系数Kullback-Leibler information number库尔贝克-莱布勒信息函数kernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度LLag 时间滞后lLatin square 拉丁方large sample 大样本large sample problem 大样本问题law of large numbers 大数定律（strong -, weak- ）強定律、弱定律layer 层least-significant difference最小显著差数least-square estimation最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法least square 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平least significant difference, LSD.最低显著性差异leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life table 生命表life test 寿命试验likelihood 似然likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear discriminant function线形判别函数linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项local control 局部控制l logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic function 逻辑斯蒂函数logit analysis（transformation）分对数分析（变换）log-linear model 对数线性模型log-log 对数llog-normal distribution对数正态分布logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数MMahalanobis' generalized distance Mahalanobis马氏'广义马氏距离mail survey 邮送调査main effect 主效应marginal边缘（的）Markov, -ian马尔科夫（的）mathematical statistics数理统计学matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计McNemar's test McNemar测试meta-analysis元分析*Mean 平均（值）mean deviation 平均偏差mean effect 平均效应mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量median 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型-ing 建模momen 矩Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multidimensional scaling（MDS）多维换算multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple answer重复回答multiple choice多重选择multiple correlation coefficient 多重相关系数multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析Multivariate analysis of variance 多元方差分析multi-stage sampling 多阶段抽样multivariate normal distribution 多变量正态分布Nnegative relationship 负相关n×m tableｎ×ｍ表nominal scale额定尺度nonadditively 不可加性non-central 无心nonparametric 非参数的normal approximation 正态近似normal distribution正态分布normal equation 正规方程nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null 原假设null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值Ppaired comparison成对比较法panel survey固定样本调查parameter系数partial confounding部分混杂（法）* Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient皮尔逊矩相关系数phi coefficientφ系数pooled variance estimate联合方差估计* population总体correlation coefficient总体相关系数* population mean总体平均值* population variance总体方差posterior probability （distribution）后验概率（分布）power（function）幂（函数）pre-coding预编码predicted value预测值* prediction预测predictive预测（的）presentation表示、表现（法）primary sampling unit 第1 次抽样的单位* probability distribution概率分布probability proportionate sampling概率比例抽样probit analysis概率单位分析process 过程producer's risk生产者风险projection pursuit投影寻踪paired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient偏相关系数partial regression coefficient偏回归系数percent 百分数periodic 周期的periodogram 周期图percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼状图plot 点图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis主成分分析prior probability（distribution）先验概率（分布）proability 概率probability density function概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例proportional hazard model 比例风险模型prospective study 远景调查Qqadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验Ssample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regression analysis逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布VVariate 变量variance ratio方差比varimax rotation varimax旋度varimax solution varimax解variation变差variability变异性validity有效性value of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量WWelch's test Welch检验weighted sampling 加权抽样weight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的within （级）间with probability 1（w.p.1）以概率1 wording 措辞Xχ2-statisticχ2统计量χ2-testχ2检验YYates' correction Yates修正ZZ score Z分数Zipf's law Zipf法則z transformation z 变换2. 最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束active set method 活动集法analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似arbitrary 强制性的argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method三次多项式插值法curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向discontinuous 不连续Eeigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem目标达到问题gradient 梯度gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Iindependent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆invoke 激活iteration 迭代iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints线性等式约束linear programming problem线性规划问题local solution 局部解Mmedium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的norm 范数O1-way layout 1 元布局法objective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据observational error 观测误差observed frequency 观测频率observed value 观测值odds 奇odds ratio 奇数比one-sided 单侧OC（operating characteristic）curve作用特性曲线open-ended question 可扩充解答法optimum allocation 最佳分配法optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器ordered classification 顺序化ordinal scale 序数尺度orthogonal polynomial 正交多项式outlier 边际值output 输出、结果over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method 多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar 标量semi-infinitely problem半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method序列二次规划法simplex search method单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式sparsity structure 稀疏结构starting point 初始点step length 步长subspace trust region method子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息termination tolerance 终止容限the exit condition 退出条件the method of steepest descent 最速下降法transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的under-determined system 负定系统Vvariable 变量vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵3样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近array 数组a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation/三次样条内插curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度dimension 维数Eend conditions 约束条件Iinput argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插interval 取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squares approximation最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数order 阶次output argument 输出参数Ppoint/points 数据点Rrational spline 有理样条rounding error舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）singular 奇异spline 样条spline approximation样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量Wweight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇Aabsolute error 绝对误差absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图converge 收敛coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditions Dirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition推广的Neumann边界条件geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix几何描述矩阵geometry matrix 几何矩阵graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件NNeuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件node point 节点nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力Poisson''s equation 泊松方程polygon 多边形positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限relative tolerance 相对容限residual 残差residual norm 残差范数Q quartile四分位（数）quartile deviation四分位偏差* quality 质qualitative定性的qualitative data定性的数据* quantity量quantitative 定量的、计量的quota system定额系统R * radar chart雷达图*random随机的random-effectmodel随机效应模型randomization概率化、随机化* randomness随机性randomnumber随机数randomsampling随机抽样randomwalk随机游动* range范围（区域）* rank秩* rankcorrelation coefficients等级相关系数ranking method秩评定法* rank-size rule秩规模规则rank test秩检验ratingmethod比率法* ratio scale比率尺度* regression回归*regression coefficient回归系数regression diagnosis回归诊断* regression equation（line）回归方程（直线）* rejection region 拒绝区域* relative frequency相对频率relative risk相对风险reliability（coefficient）信赖性（系数）* residual残差response curve（surface）相应曲线（曲面）retrospective study 追溯调查risk风险risk factor风险因素robust, -ness稳健的（性）* run取遍S * sample样本* samplemean样本均值* sample size样本量（大小）* sample variance 样本方差* sampling抽样sampling error抽样误差sampling interval抽样间隔sampling unit抽样单位*scales尺度* scattergram,scatter plot（diagram）点状图Scheffe's test Scheffe检验score得分seasonality季节性secondary sampling unit第 2 次单位抽样serial correlation序列相关self-adminstration自管理semi-log半对数sigmoid拟S 型、S 状signal to noiseratio SN（信噪）比signed rank test带符号的秩检验* significance, significant显著（的）* significance probability 显著概率simple random sampling简单随机抽样* simple regression简单回归single replication 1 次重复size proportionate allocation 比例布局法skewed斜的* skewness失真slope斜率spectral window谱窗spectrogram谱图spectrum谱* Spearman's rank correlation coefficients斯皮尔曼等级相关系数* spurious correlation伪相关square平方* standard deviation, S.D.标准方差* standard error标准误差* standard score标准得分start number起始编号* stationary平稳的* statistic（for inference）统计量（统计推论的）statistical 统计的statistically significant 统计显著的stem-and-leaf presentation茎叶表现stereotype陈腔滥调stochastic process随机过程* stratification分层stratified sampling分层抽样* stratum（[pl.] strata）层Student('s)学生（的）studentized range学生化范围study研究sub-sampling二次抽样sufficiency充分性sufficientstatistic充分统计量supervisor管理者survivalanalysis生存时间分析survey调查systematic sampling系统抽样T taxonomy分类（学）tail尾* test检验* test ofgoodness of fit拟合良好性检定* test of independence无关性检验3-way layout 3 元布局法threshold阈值tie结tie correction结修正*time series时间序列total variation全变差treatment处理* trend趋势trend analysis趋势分析trial尝试* t-statistic, -test, -ratio t 统计量（t 检验、t 比）two-sided双边的*2-sample t-test 2 样本t 检验2-stage sampling 2 阶段抽样法two-by-two contingency table２×２列联表2-way layout 2 元布局法*2-way table 2 重表two-stage sampling 2 阶段抽样法U unbiased estimator无偏估计量unbiased variance无偏方差uncorrelated不相关（的）uniform distribution均匀分布uniform random numbers均匀随机数uniqueness唯一性updating更新* upward trend 向上趋向[基本] <分> likelihood 可能性[数学] <精> likelihood 似然[主科技] <精> likelihood 相似性; 似然; 似真[数学] <扩> Conditional likelihood, 条件似然[数学] <扩> likelihood function似然函数[数学] <扩> likelihood ratio 似然比[数学] <扩> likelihood ratio test 似然比值检验[数学] <扩> maximum likelihood equations 极大似然方程[数学] <扩> maximum likelihood estimating function 极大似然估计量[数学] <扩> maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计量[数学] <扩> maximum likelihood method 极大似然法[数学] <扩> Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法[数学] <扩> maximum likelihood principle 极大似然法[数学] <扩> sequential likelihood ratio test 序贯似然比值检验[心理学] <扩> iterative maximum likelihood estimation 重复最大相似性估计。