the 应对气候变化保护人类健康guide download

中英对照《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动（2011）》白皮书高斋翻译TransElegant整理的CATTI和MTI备考资料中国政府一贯高度重视气候变化问题，把积极应对气候变化作为关系经济社会发展全局的重大议题，纳入经济社会发展中长期规划。

2006年，中国提出了2010年单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年下降20％左右的约束性指标，2007年在发展中国家中第一个制定并实施了应对气候变化国家方案，2009年确定了到2020年单位国内生产总值温室气体排放比2005年下降40％—45％的行动目标。

TheChinese government constantly sets great store by the issue of climate change and has included addressing climate change into its mid-and long-term planning for economic and social development as a major issue concerning its overall economic and social development. In 2006, China set forth the compulsive goal of reducing its per-unit GDP energy consumption in 2010 by 20 percent from that of 2005. In 2007,China became the first developing country to formulate and implement a nationalprogram to address climate change. In 2009, China put forward the goal of action to reduce the per-unit GDP greenhouse gas emission in 2020 by 40-45 percent as compared to that of 2005.为完成上述目标任务，中国在“十一五”期间(2006—2010年)采取了一系列减缓和适应气候变化的重大政策措施，取得了显著成效。

应对气候变化的措施英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Tackling the Climate Crisis: A Call for Urgent and Collective ActionAs a student deeply concerned about the future of our planet, I cannot help but feel a profound sense of urgency when it comes to addressing the existential threat of climate change. The scientific evidence is clear and overwhelming – human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are causing global temperatures to rise at an alarming rate, leading to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and the disruption of ecosystems worldwide.Climate change is not just an environmental issue; it is a crisis that threatens every aspect of our lives, from our food and water security to our economic stability and even our very survival as a species. The consequences of inaction are too grave to ignore, and it is our responsibility, as the inheritors of this planet, to take decisive and immediate action to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change.Fortunately, we have the knowledge and the tools to address this crisis. The solutions are within our grasp, but they require a fundamental shift in the way we think, act, and live. It is time for us to embrace a new paradigm of sustainable development, one that prioritizes renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the protection of our natural resources.One of the most crucial steps we must take is to transition away from our reliance on fossil fuels and toward clean, renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and geothermal power. This transition is not only essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also presents a tremendous opportunity for innovation, job creation, and economic growth. By investing in renewable energy technologies and infrastructure, we can create a more sustainable and resilient energy system while also driving technological progress and fostering new industries.Another key strategy is to promote energy efficiency across all sectors of our economy. This includes implementing stricter building codes and appliance standards, encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient transportation options, and incentivizing businesses and individuals to reduce their energy consumption. By using energy more efficiently, we cansignificantly reduce our carbon footprint while also saving money and improving our overall quality of life.In addition to these technological solutions, we must also address the underlying drivers of climate change, such as unsustainable patterns of consumption and production. This requires a fundamental shift in our values and behaviors, one that prioritizes sustainability and environmental stewardship over short-term gains and convenience. We must embrace a more circular economy, where waste is minimized, resources are reused and recycled, and products are designed with their entire life cycle in mind.Moreover, we must recognize the inextricable link between climate change and social justice. The impacts of climate change disproportionately affect the most vulnerable and marginalized communities, exacerbating existing inequalities and threatening to undermine progress towards sustainable development. Addressing climate change, therefore, requires a holistic approach that incorporates principles of equity, human rights, and social inclusion.Ultimately, tackling the climate crisis requires a collective effort from all sectors of society – governments, businesses, civil society organizations, and individuals alike. We must worktogether to develop and implement comprehensive and coordinated strategies that address the multifaceted nature of this challenge.Governments have a crucial role to play in setting ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions, implementing policies and regulations that incentivize sustainable practices, and investing in research and development of clean technologies. They must also prioritize climate adaptation measures to help communities become more resilient in the face of the inevitable impacts of climate change.Businesses, too, have a responsibility to transition towards more sustainable models of production and operation. This includes adopting clean energy sources, implementing circular economy principles, and integrating sustainability considerations into their decision-making processes. By embracing sustainability as a core value, businesses can not only contribute to the fight against climate change but also gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly eco-conscious marketplace.Civil society organizations play a vital role in raising awareness, advocating for policy change, and mobilizing grassroots action. They must continue to hold governments and corporations accountable, while also empowering individualsand communities to take ownership of the solutions and drive change from the bottom up.And finally, as individuals, we all have a part to play. Every choice we make, from the way we consume and travel to the way we vote and engage in civic life, has an impact on the environment. By adopting more sustainable lifestyles, supporting eco-friendly businesses, and using our collective voice to demand action from our leaders, we can be agents of change in the fight against climate change.In conclusion, addressing the climate crisis is not only a moral imperative but also an existential necessity. The challenges we face are daunting, but the solutions are within our reach if we have the courage and the collective will to act. As students and inheritors of this planet, it is our responsibility to be at the forefront of this fight, to demand change, and to create a sustainable future for ourselves and generations to come.We must act now, with urgency and resolve, to mitigate the impacts of climate change and build a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable world. The time for complacency and inaction is over; the time for bold and transformative action is now. Let us rise to the challenge and leave a legacy of hope and progress for those who will inherit the Earth after us.篇2Confronting the Climate Crisis: A Call to ActionAs a student deeply concerned about the future of our planet, I can no longer remain silent on the critical issue of climate change. The scientific evidence is overwhelming – our Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate, primarily due to human activities that release massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If left unchecked, the consequences will be catastrophic, affecting every aspect of life as we know it.The impacts of climate change are already being felt across the globe. Rising sea levels are threatening coastal communities, causing flooding and displacement of millions. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires, are becoming more frequent and intense, putting lives and livelihoods at risk. Ecosystems are being disrupted, leading to biodiversity loss and jeopardizing the delicate balance of our natural world.As the current generation of students, we have a moral obligation to take decisive action to combat this global crisis. We cannot afford to sit idly by and leave this monumental challenge to future generations. The time to act is now, and we mustapproach this issue with a sense of urgency and collective responsibility.Firstly, we must advocate for a rapid transition to clean, renewable energy sources. Fossil fuels, which have powered our economies for centuries, are the primary drivers of climate change. By investing in solar, wind, and other sustainable energy technologies, we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and pave the way for a greener future. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate this energy transition, incentivizing the adoption of renewable sources and phasing out fossil fuel subsidies.Secondly, we need to promote sustainable practices in all aspects of our lives. This includes embracing a circular economy, where products are designed to be reused, repaired, and recycled, minimizing waste and resource depletion. Additionally, we should prioritize sustainable transportation, such as public transit, cycling, and electric vehicles, to reduce emissions from the transportation sector. Building energy-efficient homes and offices, reducing consumption of meat and dairy products, and adopting a more plant-based diet are all crucial steps we can take to lower our individual carbon footprints.Education and awareness are key to driving meaningful change. As students, we have a responsibility to educate ourselves and others about the causes, impacts, and potential solutions to climate change. We must engage in open and constructive dialogues, challenging misconceptions and misinformation, and inspiring our peers, families, and communities to take action. By fostering a culture of environmental consciousness, we can create a ripple effect that extends far beyond our immediate circles.Furthermore, we must demand accountability from our leaders and decision-makers. Governments and corporations must be held responsible for their actions and inactions that contribute to the climate crisis. We should advocate for strong environmental policies, such as carbon pricing, emissions regulations, and investments in green technologies. Corporations must be held to higher standards of sustainability and transparency, with consequences for those that fail to meet their environmental responsibilities.Collaboration and global cooperation are essential in tackling a challenge of this magnitude. Climate change knows no borders, and its impacts are felt by all nations, regardless of their contributions to the problem. We must support and participatein international efforts to address climate change, such as the Paris Agreement, and push for more ambitious emission reduction targets and adaptation strategies. By working together as a global community, we can leverage our collective resources, knowledge, and determination to find effective solutions.Technological innovation will also play a pivotal role in our fight against climate change. We must support and invest in research and development of clean technologies, such as carbon capture and storage, advanced battery storage systems, and sustainable agriculture practices. Additionally, we should embrace emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning, which can help us better understand and model the complexities of the climate system, enabling us to make more informed decisions.Lastly, we must recognize that climate change is not just an environmental issue, but also a social justice issue. The impacts of climate change disproportionately affect vulnerable communities, including indigenous populations, marginalized groups, and developing nations that have contributed the least to the problem. We must prioritize climate justice, ensuring that efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change address theseinequities and protect the rights and livelihoods of those most affected.In conclusion, addressing the climate crisis requires a multifaceted approach that involves individual action, policy changes, technological innovation, and global cooperation. As students, we have a unique opportunity to shape the future and be agents of positive change. By raising our voices, demanding accountability, and embracing sustainable practices, we can be the catalysts for a greener, more resilient, and just world.The path ahead is undoubtedly challenging, but the consequences of inaction are far graver. It is our responsibility to confront this crisis head-on, not only for ourselves but for future generations who will inherit the planet we leave behind. Let us unite in this collective effort, fueled by hope, determination, and a shared commitment to preserving the only home we have ever known.篇3Confronting the Climate Crisis: A Call to ActionAs a student, I can't help but feel a sense of urgency about the looming climate crisis that threatens the very future of our planet. The Earth's climate is changing at an unprecedented rate,driven primarily by human activities that release vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If left unchecked, these changes could have catastrophic consequences for humanity and the natural world we depend on.The scientific evidence is overwhelming and indisputable. Rising global temperatures, melting glaciers and ice caps, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and shifting weather patterns are just a few of the alarming signs that our planet is in distress. These changes are already impacting ecosystems, agriculture, water supplies, and human health, particularly in developing nations and vulnerable communities.It's a sobering reality that the decisions and actions we take today will determine the fate of our planet for generations to come. As students, we have a critical role to play in shaping a sustainable future and mitigating the worst impacts of climate change. We must raise our voices, demand action from our leaders, and embrace lifestyle changes that reduce our carbon footprints.One of the most effective measures we can take is to advocate for a rapid transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These clean energy alternatives have the potential to significantly reduce ourreliance on fossil fuels, which are the primary drivers of greenhouse gas emissions. By supporting policies and initiatives that promote renewable energy development and incentivize their adoption, we can accelerate this crucial transition.Furthermore, we must champion sustainable transportation solutions that reduce our dependence on gas-guzzling vehicles. This could involve investing in public transportation infrastructure, encouraging the use of electric vehicles, and promoting walkable and bike-friendly communities. Small changes, such as carpooling, can also make a significant difference in reducing our individual carbon footprints.Deforestation is another major contributor to climate change, as forests act as vital carbon sinks, absorbing and storing vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. We must advocate for the protection and restoration of these invaluable natural resources, supporting policies that discourage illegal logging and promote sustainable forestry practices.On a personal level, we can all make conscious efforts to reduce our energy consumption and waste. Simple actions like turning off lights and electronics when not in use, recycling, and adopting a plant-based or locally sourced diet can have a cumulative impact on reducing our carbon footprints.Education is also a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. As students, we must strive to deepen our understanding of the science behind climate change, its impacts, and potential solutions. By sharing this knowledge with our peers, families, and communities, we can raise awareness and inspire others to take action.Moreover, we should support and participate in youth-led movements and initiatives that demand bold climate action from our leaders and policymakers. Movements like Fridays for Future, led by inspiring young activists like Greta Thunberg, have already galvanized millions of students around the world to raise their voices and demand decisive action on climate change.Ultimately, addressing the climate crisis requires a collective effort from all sectors of society, including governments, businesses, communities, and individuals. As students, we have a unique opportunity to shape the narrative and drive positive change. By embracing sustainable lifestyles, advocating for renewable energy and sustainable practices, and raising our voices in support of bold climate action, we can contribute to a brighter, more sustainable future for all.The challenges posed by climate change are daunting, but inaction is not an option. We must confront this crisis with theurgency and determination it demands. Our planet is at a crossroads, and the decisions we make today will echo through generations to come. As students, we have the power to be agents of change, to inspire hope, and to leave a lasting legacy of a healthier, more resilient Earth for future generations.In the words of the renowned environmentalist David Attenborough, "The future of humanity and indeed, all life on Earth, now depends on us." Let us rise to this challenge, embrace our responsibility, and work tirelessly to build a sustainable future for all.。

CoVer StoryCan China rise to challeges of higher temperatures?气候变化已经不再是新闻，可它仍在悄然改变着中国huMan hiStory iS eSSentiaLLy a tug-of-War With nature. We define ProgreSS By hoW far We’VeCoMe froM our anCeStorS Who CoWered Before nature’S eVery WhiM. PerhaPS More than anyother nation on earth, Modern China iS founded on the SCientifiC ProMiSe to harneSS nature’SPotentiaL and rein in itS deStruCtiVe tendenCieS So aS to Safeguard the LiVeLihoodS of theWorLd’S LargeSt PoPuLation. But the PenduLuM MuSt SWing BaCk SoMetiMe, and CLiMate ChangeiS BeCoMing a Bigger ProBLeM than Can Be SoLVed By Mere enVironMentaL PoLiCyMaking anddiSaSter-PreVention engineering. aS Sea LeVeLS riSe and gLaCierS retreat, aS CLiMate StudieSProduCe dire WarningS and CLiMate agreeMentS get Signed WorLdWide, the Country iS Changingthe Way it SeeS itS iMPaCt on the naturaL enVironMent, aS WeLL aS PLanS for the future of thiSdeLiCate reLationShiP With the earth.e uy o ai Xi ly bn oit a rt s ull iNew Age OF Ads 新广告时代Advertisements used to be easy to spot—a TV commercial, productplacement in a blockbuster—but the new Wild West of the ad world is in the palm of everyone’s hand. Social media is the new frontier for both content producers and ad companies trying to make a buck, and regulation is looking increasingly difficult.OpeN the gAtes真正的“公”园China’s public parks are a little odd in that they aren’t really public; there are walls, gates, fences, and guarded openings—not exactly welcoming to all. These high walls keep out the riffraff and help people adjust to a changing society, but some are telling their local officials to tear down the walls and let the people in.3844CoVer StoryClimAte ChANges ChiNA应对气候变化The handwringing and navel-gazing are over. The world needs comprehensive answers to the specter of climate change, and nowhere is that more apparent than in China, where glaciers are melting and where rising sea levels in Shanghai could spell disaster. The infrastructure challenges are steep, and China’s role as a global power depends on the nation’s ability to combat climate change.246/2016Out OF time加班是职场人的宿命？In China’s modern consumer driven economy, you’re either quick or you’re dead. Or, if you get too much overtime, you could be both. The phenomenon of “death by overwork” is exacerbated by a long list of problems of enforcement in China’s labor laws, and everyone from white-collar workers to Walmart employees are slipping through the cracks.32co-producer:Beijing Center for the Promotion of Chinese Overseas协办：北京汉语国际推广中心。

绿色2025气候变化适应战略的英语作文Green 2025: A Climate Change Adaptation StrategyIn the dawn of the year 2025, the world stands at a pivotal juncture, confronting the pressing challenge of climate change head-on. As the Earth's climate undergoes unprecedented transformations, driven primarily by human activities, it is imperative that we devise and implement comprehensive strategies to adapt and mitigate its impacts. This essay outlines the contours of a 'Green 2025' climate change adaptation strategy, aimed at fostering a resilient and sustainable future.Green Initiatives and Policy FrameworksAt the core of Green 2025 lies the establishment of robust policy frameworks that incentivize environmental stewardship. Governments worldwide must enact legislation promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, while phasing out the use of fossil fuels. These measures will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating the primary driver of climate change. Furthermore, investing in research and development of climate-smart technologies is crucial, fostering innovation that can adapt to and mitigate the effects ofa warming planet.Eco-Friendly Infrastructure and Urban PlanningCities, being the epicenters of economic activity and population growth, will play a pivotal role in Green 2025. Resilient infrastructure that can withstand the rigors of extreme weather events like hurricanes, floods, and heatwaves must be prioritized. This includes the construction of green roofs, stormwater management systems, and energy-efficient buildings. Additionally, urban planning should prioritize walkability, cycling infrastructure, and public transportation networks, reducing carbon emissions from transportation.Agricultural Adaptation and Food SecurityClimate change poses a significant threat to global food security, as crop yields and livestock health are impacted by altered weather patterns. Therefore, Green 2025 necessitates the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, such as crop diversification, irrigation efficiency, and the use of drought-resistant varieties. Furthermore, supporting smallholder farmers with access to credit, technology, and markets is essential to ensure food security amidst the challenges of climatechange.Community Engagement and EducationThe success of Green 2025 hinges on the active participation of individuals and communities. Raising awareness about climate change and its impacts through education programs and public campaigns is vital. Encouraging eco-friendly behaviors like reducing waste, conserving energy and water, and adopting sustainable diets can significantly lower individual carbon footprints. Moreover, fostering a sense of collective responsibility among citizens will strengthen the resilience of societies in the face of climate-related challenges.ConclusionGreen 2025 represents a vision for a future where humanity adapts to and mitigates the impacts of climate change, fostering a sustainable and resilient planet. By embracing eco-friendly policies, infrastructure, agricultural practices, and individual behaviors, we can chart a course towards a greener, more prosperous future. The time for action is now, as the consequences of inaction will only grow more dire with each passing year.翻译绿色2025：气候变化适应战略2025年伊始，世界正处于一个关键时刻，正面应对气候变化的紧迫挑战。

《基于自然的气候变化解决方案手册》1. 引言在当今世界，我们所面临的最大挑战之一就是气候变化。

随着全球温度的不断升高，自然灾害频发，生态平衡受到破坏，人类生存和发展面临着严峻的挑战。

针对这一问题，基于自然的气候变化解决方案逐渐备受关注。

本文将探讨这些解决方案，并为您提供一份详尽的手册，帮助您理解和应对气候变化带来的挑战。

2. 理解气候变化气候变化是指地球气候系统的长期变化，通常包括全球气候变暖、特殊天气事件增多等方面。

理解气候变化的原因和影响对于制定解决方案至关重要。

最新的科学研究表明，气候变化主要是由人类活动所导致的，如过度开采化石燃料、大规模森林砍伐等。

气候变化不仅影响着全球范围内的生态系统，还对人类经济、社会和健康产生了深远影响。

3. 基于自然的气候变化解决方案为了应对气候变化所带来的挑战，人们开始寻求基于自然的解决方案。

这些方案通常包括采取可持续的农业实践、保护和恢复生态系统、引入可再生能源等措施。

通过合理的土地利用和栽种树木来减少二氧化碳的排放，通过生态恢复项目来提高生态系统的抵抗力，以及减少化石燃料的使用，以及促进清洁能源的发展。

4. 解决方案手册针对气候变化问题，我们制定了一份基于自然的解决方案手册，以帮助您更好地理解和应对气候变化带来的挑战。

在手册中，我们将深入探讨不同方面的解决方案，包括但不限于：- 可持续农业实践：通过种植多样化的作物和采用有机耕作技术，减少对化肥和农药的依赖，提高耕地的生产力，并减少对生态系统的破坏。

- 生态系统保护和恢复：通过建立自然保护区和生态补偿项目，保护和恢复生态系统，提高其抵抗力，减少自然灾害的发生。

- 清洁能源推广：推动可再生能源的发展和利用，减少对化石燃料的依赖，减少温室气体的排放，降低全球气温的上升速度。

通过深入的研究和实践，我们相信这些基于自然的解决方案对于气候变化的缓解和应对将发挥重要作用。

5. 个人观点和理解对于我个人而言，我认为基于自然的气候变化解决方案是我们应对气候变化的有效途径。

环境保护行动指南：个人与集体的责任与行动1. Introduction1.1 OverviewIn recent years, environmental protection has become a pressing issue that requires immediate attention from both individuals and collectives alike. The increasing rates of pollution, deforestation, and climate change are posing significant threats to the sustainability of our planet. It is essential for every person to recognize their responsibility and take action to protect the environment for present and future generations.1.2 Article StructureThis article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on environmental protection actions, focusing on the responsibilities and actions of both individuals and collectives. It begins by discussing the importance and purpose of this guide, followed by an exploration of individual-level responsibilities and actions in Section 2. Then, it moves on to discuss collective-level responsibilities and actions in Section 3. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of sustainable development and the challenges associated with it in Section 4. Finally, the article concludes byemphasizing the significance of individual and collective responsibilities while encouraging widespread participation in environmental protection efforts.1.3 PurposeThe purpose of this article is to raise awareness about environmental issues and to provide practical guidance on how both individuals and collectives can contribute towards protecting the environment. By understanding their responsibilities, readers will be empowered to make conscious choices and take proactive steps towards ensuring a sustainable future.Note: This is a sample response provided for reference purposes only. Please ensure to revise or modify as per your requirements/preferences2. 个人层面责任与行动2.1 意识提升在环境保护中，每个人都应该意识到自己的责任和作用。

中国应对气候变化的政策与行动中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室二○○八年十月•北京目录前言一、气候变化与中国国情二、气候变化对中国的影响三、应对气候变化的战略和目标四、减缓气候变化的政策与行动五、适应气候变化的政策与行动六、提高全社会应对气候变化意识七、加强气候变化领域国际合作八、应对气候变化的体制机制建设结束语前言全球气候变化及其不利影响是人类共同关心的问题。

工业革命以来的人类活动，尤其是发达国家在工业化过程中大量消耗能源资源，导致大气中温室气体浓度增加，引起全球气候近50年来以变暖为主要特征的显著变化，对全球自然生态系统产生了明显影响，对人类社会的生存和发展带来严重挑战。

中国是一个发展中国家，人口众多、经济发展水平低、气候条件复杂、生态环境脆弱，易受气候变化的不利影响。

气候变化对中国自然生态系统和经济社会发展带来了现实的威胁，主要体现在农牧业、林业、自然生态系统、水资源等领域以及沿海和生态脆弱地区，适应气候变化已成为中国的迫切任务。

同时，中国正处于经济快速发展阶段，面临着发展经济、消除贫困和减缓温室气体排放的多重压力，应对气候变化的形势严峻，任务繁重。

作为一个负责任的发展中国家，中国高度重视应对气候变化。

中国充分认识应对气候变化的重要性和紧迫性，按照科学发展观的要求，统筹考虑经济发展和生态建设、国内与国际、当前与长远，制定并实施应对气候变化国家方案，采取了一系列应对气候变化的政策和措施。

中国把应对气候变化与实施可持续发展战略，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，建设创新型国家结合起来，以发展经济为核心，以节约能源、优化能源结构、加强生态保护和建设为重点，以科技进步为支撑，努力控制和减缓温室气体排放，不断提高适应气候变化能力。

中国积极参与国际社会应对气候变化进程，认真履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《气候公约》）和《京都议定书》（以下简称《议定书》），在国际合作中发挥着积极的建设性作用。

一、气候变化与中国国情最新科学研究成果表明：全球地表平均温度近百年来（1906—2005年）升高了0.74℃，预计到21世纪末仍将上升1.1—6.4℃。

应对气候变化应对气候变化，，保护人类健康保护人类健康2008年世界卫生日你知道吗知道吗？？…采取行动应对气候变化采取行动应对气候变化，，就是在保护人类健康就是在保护人类健康。

为什么需要为什么需要你你的关注的关注？？你能做什么能做什么？？ 针对不同群体和部门的主题内容普通公众主题内容: 气候变化危害到人类健康和生存气候变化危害到人类健康和生存。

应对气候变化应对气候变化，，保护人类健康保护人类健康：：现在开始行动现在开始行动！！为什么需要为什么需要你你的关注的关注？？1. 无论无论你你在哪里生活在哪里生活，，气候变化都在威胁着气候变化都在威胁着你你的健康的健康。

无论你是生活在繁华都市、海边小镇、山野乡村还是偏僻小岛，气候变化都在威胁着你的健康和福祉。

气候变化引起的全球变暖严重破坏了一些人类健康生活所必须的基本条件：水、空气和食物。

2. 气候变化造成的健康损害已经气候变化造成的健康损害已经发生发生发生。

与气候相关的伤害和疾病每年夺走超过15万人的生命，并导致550万健康生命年1的损失。

气候相关灾害每年使6万多人丧生2, 其中大部分人生活在发展中国家。

即使在欧洲，由于气候变化而出现的2003年酷暑已造成7万多人失去生命3。

3. 预计未来会更加糟糕预计未来会更加糟糕！！如果目前的全球变暖趋势不加以阻止，不断上升的气温和海平面以及极端天气（热浪、风暴、洪涝、干旱、飓风等）会导致严重的食物、水和燃料匮乏，很多人会失去家园和生计，会出现大量的人员迁移、死亡和深重的苦难。

受气候影响较明显的严重疾病，如疟疾、营养不良和腹泻，已经造成了每年成百上千万人的死亡，未来很有可能会变得更加严重。

4. 风险的分布并不均衡风险的分布并不均衡。

造成气候变化的温室气体大部分来自于较富裕的工业化国家，但很不公平的是，由此产生的健康风险却将主要由温室气体排放最少的国家（和所有国家的社会团体）来承受，而且在这些国家，营养不良已经普遍存在，教育水平低下，卫生体系的基础设施非常薄弱。

强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献Enhanced Actions on Climate Change: China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions气候变化是当今人类社会面临的共同挑战。

工业革命以来的人类活动，特别是发达国家大量消费化石能源所产生的二氧化碳累积排放，导致大气中温室气体浓度显著增加，加剧了以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化。

气候变化对全球自然生态系统产生显著影响，温度升高、海平面上升、极端气候事件频发给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。

Climate change is today’s common challenge faced by all humanity. Human activities since the Industrial Revolution, especially the accumulated carbon dioxide emissions from the intensive fossil fuels consumption of developed countries, have resulted in significantly increasing the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, exacerbated climate change primarily characterized by global warming. Climate change has significant impacts on global natural ecosystems, causing temperature increase and sea level rise as well as more frequent extreme climate events, all of which pose a huge challenge to the survival and development of the human race.气候变化作为全球性问题，需要国际社会携手应对。

强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献Enhanced Actions on Climate Change: China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions气候变化是当今人类社会面临的共同挑战。

工业革命以来的人类活动，特别是发达国家大量消费化石能源所产生的二氧化碳累积排放，导致大气中温室气体浓度显著增加，加剧了以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化。

气候变化对全球自然生态系统产生显著影响，温度升高、海平面上升、极端气候事件频发给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。

Climate change is today’s common challenge faced by all humanity. Human activities since the Industrial Revolution, especially the accumulated carbon dioxide emissions from the intensive fossil fuels consumption of developed countries, have resulted in significantly increasing the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, exacerbated climate change primarily characterized by global warming. Climate change has significant impacts on global natural ecosystems, causing temperature increase and sea level rise as well as more frequent extreme climate events, all of which pose a huge challenge to the survival and development of the human race.气候变化作为全球性问题，需要国际社会携手应对。

气候变化与健康倡议书英语Dear [Recipient],We hope this letter finds you well. As you may be aware, climate change is a pressing issue that is affecting our planet and its inhabitants in numerous ways. The impacts of climate change on human health are becoming increasingly apparent, and urgent action is required to mitigate these effects. We would like to bring your attention to this matter and call for your support in advocating for climate change and health initiatives.Firstly, it is important to understand the various ways in which climate change directly or indirectly affects human health. Rising temperatures and heatwaves can lead to heat-related illnesses and even fatalities, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and young children. Changes in rainfall patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events can result in flooding, which in turn can contaminate water sources and cause waterborne diseases. Moreover, climate change contributes to the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, as the changing climate enables the expansion of disease-transmitting mosquito populations.In addition to the direct health impacts, climate change has far-reaching implications for mental health as well. The increased occurrence of natural disasters and the loss of livelihoods can cause psychological distress, anxiety, and depression among individuals and communities. The stress and strain of adapting to changing environmental conditions can also have detrimental effects on mental well-being.To address these challenges, it is crucial that we take concerted action to mitigate climate change and protect human health. We urge governments and policymakers to adopt and implement comprehensive climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. This includes shifting towards renewable energy sources, promoting sustainable agriculture practices, and enhancing public transportation systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Furthermore, investing in robust public health systems is essential to ensure that individuals and communities have access to quality healthcare and are prepared to respond to climate-related health emergencies. This involves bolstering healthcare infrastructure, improving surveillance and early warning systems for climate-related diseases, and providing adequate resources for medical research and innovation.Nevertheless, we cannot tackle these issues alone. We call upon individuals, communities, and organizations to join hands and raise awareness about the link between climate change and health. Together, we can advocate for sustainable lifestyle choices, promote climate-conscious policies, and demand swift and effective action from our leaders.In conclusion, climate change is a grave concern that requires immediate attention. As it directly affects human health, we must take proactive measures to address and mitigate these impacts. Let us work together to safeguard the health and well-being of current and future generations.Thank you for your attention and support. Yours sincerely,[Your Name]。

双语⼁《中国应对⽓候变化的政策与⾏动》⽩⽪书（⼀）10⽉27⽇，国务院新闻办公室发表《中国应对⽓候变化的政策与⾏动》⽩⽪书，本书英⽂版已由中国外⽂局所属外⽂出版社出版，法⽂版、俄⽂版、西⽂版、阿⽂版、德⽂版、⽇⽂版将陆续出版。

⽩⽪书介绍了中国应对⽓候变化进展，分享了中国应对⽓候变化实践和经验，增进国际社会了解。

⽓候变化是全⼈类的共同挑战。

中国⾼度重视应对⽓候变化。

作为世界上最⼤的发展中国家，中国克服⾃⾝经济、社会等⽅⾯困难，实施⼀系列应对⽓候变化战略、措施和⾏动，参与全球⽓候治理，应对⽓候变化取得了积极成效。

中国应对⽓候变化的政策与⾏动Responding to Climate Change: China’s Policies and Actions⼀、中国应对⽓候变化新理念I. China’s New Responses to Climate Change⼆、实施积极应对⽓候变化国家战略II. Implementing a National Strategy of Actively Responding to Climate Change三、中国应对⽓候变化发⽣历史性变化III. Significant Changes in China’s Response to Climate Change四、共建公平合理、合作共赢的全球⽓候治理体系IV. Building a Fair and Rational Global Climate Governance System for Win-Win Results前⾔Preface⽓候变化是全⼈类的共同挑战。

应对⽓候变化，事关中华民族永续发展，关乎⼈类前途命运。

Climate change is a challenge for all of humanity. The sustainable development of the Chinese nation and the future of the planet depend on tackling it successfully.中国⾼度重视应对⽓候变化。

Written by:John Cook, Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason UniversitySander van der Linden, Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeEdward Maibach, Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University Stephan Lewandowsky, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, and CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, AustraliaFirst published in March, 2018.For more information, visit/all/consensus-handbook/Graphic design: Wendy CookPage 21 image credit: John GarrettCite as:Cook, J., van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., & Lewandowsky, S. (2018). The Consensus Handbook. DOI:10.13021/G8MM6P.Available at /all/consensus-handbook/12Figure 2: Scientific consensus vs. expertise in climate science. Each dot represents a groupof scientists, from economic geologists to climate scientists publishing climate research.Groups with higher expertise in publishing climate research show higher agreement thathumans are causing global warming 8.3of Climate Scientists agree on Global Warming 67%T H E P U B L I C T H I N K ...of Climate Scientists agree on Global Warming 97%I N R E A L I T Y ...9.Figure 3: The consensus gap 8, 9.4The role of politics and information that political bias plays a large role in lowering perceived consensus.But even at the liberal end of the political spectrum, there’s a gap between public perception and the 97% consensus. This means that information (either lack ofawareness or the influence of misinformation) is arguably an even greater contributor to the consensus gap than political bias. This is not surprising given that misinformation campaigns have persistently confused the public about the consensus for nearly three decades 11, 12. In fact, the first messages that the public heard about the consensus on climate change came in the form of misinformation.Figure 4: Perceived scientific consensus vs. political ideology measured in 2013 13.5Public perception of scientific consensus on climate changeP e r ce iv e dC o n s ensus (%)This means that political bias plays a large role in lowering perceived consensus.they would represent only 0.3% of the 10 million Americans with a science degree. 6Figure 6: The three most common claims in conservative op-eds about climate change published from 2007 to 2010 12.Undermining the existence of the scientific consensus has been a major strategy of opponents of climate action since 1990 and continues to be a dominant theme. Consensus misinformation can take many forms, including emphasizing uncertainty 38 and signed declarations. Another form of misinformation worth further examination is false-balance media coverage.climate change 7consensus”cooling” melting”0 408012020.21. In short,22, 23, 24. When How should the media cover climate change?Covering climate change is a challenge for journalists. On the one hand, they should strive to maintain objectivity and balance. On the other hand, giving contrarians equal coverage with mainstream scientists when there is a scientific consensus misleads the public about the state of the science.One way to present conflicting viewpoints without misleading is by presenting weight-of-evidence or weight-of-experts information. These approaches acknowledge multiple sides to a debate while also evaluating which side is supported by evidence and a scientific consensus 26. This approach has been found to foster more accurate beliefs while also acknowledging contrarian viewpoints 27, 28. Media organizations such as the BBC haveresolved to avoid false-balance coverage by consideration of due weight 29.8Visual exemplars such as a photo of scientists representing the state of scientific understanding are an effective way to communicate weight-of-evidence information 30to distinguish between majority and minority views 23provide a straightforward (ideally visual) summary of the state of expert agreement.Figure 7: Weight-of-evidence 7 or weight-of-experts 2, 3, 6 visualisations.To debate or not to debatechange has already occurred over decades. The process of scientific debate is open to anyone—although it does require that participants subject their ideas to the scrutiny of the peer-review process, which is fundamental for the advancement of scientific knowledge 31. However, contrarians refuse to participate in scientific debates: they do not present their views at scientific conferences, and have a negligible presence in the scientific process and presenting unvetted ideas to the public.How should one respond if invited to publicly debate mainstream climate science? is undecided on basic facts like human-caused global warming.In contrast, debates over solutions to climate change are worthwhile. One response to an invitation to debate is to inform the organisers of the danger of misinforming the public by debating established science, and that a more appropriate and constructive debate topic is climate solutions. If the organisers persist in hosting a problematic debate, a further option is to issue a public statement explaining that you had advised the organisers not to go ahead due to the problematic nature of the event, but they went ahead regardless.9W E I G H T O F E X P E R T S are convincedhumans are causing climate change97W E I G H T O F E V I D E N C E have concludedhumans are causing climate change 9716, 25, 33. In 10Excerpt from the Luntz memo.1137.Figure 9: Perceived consensus as a gateway belief 37.The status of perceived consensus as a gateway belief to acceptance of (climate) science has since been confirmed by a number of independent studies 35, 38, 39, 40. This includesexperiments finding that highlighting the 97% consensus increases acceptance of climate science 13, 36, 41, 42, 43.Based on this research, communication experts have urged scientists to communicate the overwhelming agreement on human-caused global warming in order to address the misconception that scientists still disagree 44. Informing people about the consensus is not a magic bullet that solves everything, but it is a powerful tool for helping people to understand climate change and reach appropriate conclusions about it.12The powerful role of heuristics: wisdom of the crowdon every topic they encounter. So they employ mental short-cuts or heuristics, either heuristics do a fairly good job at helping people arrive at sound decisions 45situations that are complex and uncertain.views on complicated issues.For example, a useful heuristic is relying on the opinion of experts to guide one’s views every issue they encounter and thus we have to defer to expert opinion. We are alsomore accurate than the individuals within the group. This socially-derived wisdom isknown as the “wisdom of the crowd” 46, 47For example, we often feel better about getting a second, independent opinion when experts has been found to be both popular and reliable 48likelihood that the consensus is correct 49.1337.7.42.51:”Opponents of climate action have followed the advice of Luntz and persistently attacked the consensus for nearly three decades. From a messaging campaign point of view, it is a sound strategy if one wishes to decrease public support for climate action. Fortunately, it is possible to defang that strategy.14Figure 11: The effect of different types of messages about climate change. This figure is an amendment of Figure 8, now with a fourth bar showing the effect of inoculating people before showing them misinformation.15Misinformation Inoculation +Misinformation16. Another study found that explaining16Deconstructing misinformationargumentation, in order to detect the reasoning fallacies in a misleading argument 54.Arguments are made up of one or more starting assumptions, or premises, leading to a the argument into its constituent premises and conclusion. This then allows one toto the conclusion. This process allows one to detect the fallacies included within a false argument, which can then be used in an inoculating text.parts, we are able to identify that both premises are false. The first premise uses the graduates. The second premise relies on fake experts: almost all signatories have no expertise in climate science.Figure 12: Structure of the claim that there is no scientific consensus, based on the Global Warming Petition Project.17not only raises perceived consensus, it also has a positive influence on acceptance that global warming is real, human-caused, and is a serious problem. Most importantly, it increases support for climate policy. The 97% consensus offers a lot of bang for one’s communication buck.18Figure 13: Public perception of scientific consensus from U.S. national representative surveys 62.Second, this argument ignores the role of misinformation in reducing the effectiveness of consensus messaging. Page 10 showed that misinformation can cancel out the influence of consensus information 16. Attacking the consensus has been one of the most common arguments used by climate contrarians 12. This underscores the need to not only continue to communicate the 97% consensus but also to inoculate people against misinformation casting doubt on the consensus.19020102011201220132014201520162017201810203040P e r c e n t a g e (%)506058.Figure 14: Effect of consensus message across political ideology. While a control group shows the biasing influence of political ideology, this influence is neutralized after receiving a consensus message 36.Political ideology is important but not the full picture. Figure 4 (page 5) shows twocontributors to the consensus gap: political bias and information deficit/misinformation surplus. Consequently, science communicators should employ two channels of science communication: addressing both cultural values and information deficit 63.20Support for Free MarketsThere is strong support – in both theory and research findings – for the value ofcommunicating the full extent of the scientific consensus about human-caused climate change in simple, clear numeric terms. As a result of sustained misinformation campaigns, few members of the public currently understand the extent of the consensus – a damaging misconception that reduces support for climate action. Moreover, efforts to inform” the community of individuals make better decisionsand communicationchange.21ConclusionOreskes, N. (2004). The scientific consensus on climate change. Science, 306(5702), 1686-1686.Carlton, J. S., Perry-Hill, R., Huber, M., & Prokopy, L. S. (2015). 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