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Unit one
United States Supreme Court联邦最高法院Common law legal system普通法系
Civil law legal system民法体系
Case law 判例法
Statutory law制定法
classical Roman law古罗马法
private law私法
binding interpretation约束力
itinerant judges巡回法官
English royal court英国皇家法院Enforcement强制执行
Claim请求
Action诉讼行为
Writ法院令状
writ upon the case本案令状
equity law衡平法
equity case law衡平判例法
ex aequo et bono公平且善良
specific performance特殊履行
injunction禁令
equitable relief衡平救济
common law relief普通法救济
common law damages普通法赔偿
civil suit民事诉讼
Jurisdictions司法辖区，行政辖区
Title权利
trial by jury陪审团审判
judge-made law法官定法
judicial precedent 司法先例
stare decisis 遵循先例的原则
jurisdiction 司法管辖权、司法管辖区
trial court / court of the first instance 一审法院
case of (the) first impression 无先例可循的案件
appellate court 上诉法院
Unit two
Legal Profession法律职业
Multistate Bar Exam 多州可采用的（律师资格）考试federal courts联邦法院
boards of directors公司的董事会
Judge法官
Attorney General司法部长（检察长）Chief Justice首席大法官
Barristers出庭律师，大律师，诉讼律师Solicitors诉状律师，非诉律师，事务律师Attorney律师
practice of law律师实务
Lawyers in private practice独立开业的律师
single practitioner单独开业者
house Counsel专职法律顾问
corporate counsel公司法律顾问
The United States Department of Justice美国司法部
public prosecutors公共检察官
Federal prosecutors联邦检察官
district attorneys地区检察官
Congress of the United States美国国会Unit four
The supreme Court最高法院
Courts of Appeals上诉法院
District Courts地区法院
Special courts特别法院
The Court of Claims索赔法院
The Customs Court关税法院
Three-tiered model三级审判制
Trail Court,审判法院
Circuit Court巡回法院
Appellate Court , Court of Appeals上诉法院
Supreme Court最高法院
Justice大法官
Judge法官
justice of the peace治安法官
magistrate司法官
Chief Justice首席大法官
Associate Justice副（助理）大法官Circuit Judge巡回法官
Associate Judge副（助理）发法官Litigant诉讼人
Plead his case before诉情由…之前
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回上诉法院
specialized federal tribunals专门的联邦法庭
capital punishment死刑
writ of certiorari调案复审令
on the bench担任法官期间
career judiciary职业法官
popular vote公众投票
President总统
Senate参议院
gross misconduct重大失误
The American Bar Association’s code of Judicial Conduct美国律师协会的法官行为准则
Unit five
Articles of Confederation 联邦条例
BILL OF RIGHTS人权法案
Doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则
Lifetime appointment终身任命
Ballot box投票箱
Impeachment弹劾
misconduct or malfeasance失职或渎职Treason叛国罪
Bribery受贿罪
Misdemeanor轻罪
House of Representatives众议院
Senate参议院
Legislative立法机关
Executive执法机关
Judicial司法机关
Amendment修正案
The doctrine of judicial review司法审查原则
The rules and regulations 法规和规章Unit seven
Criminal Law刑法
Model Penal Code标准刑法典
Crime犯罪
Punishment刑罚
Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑
Insanity defense精神不正常辩护Homicide杀人
Self-defense正当防卫
forcible felony暴力性重罪
Robbery抢劫
Burglary盗窃
gross negligence严重过失
criminal homicide有罪杀人
Malice恶意
deliberate intention故意
Murder谋杀
Death (Death penalty)死刑
Prison terms extending to “life”终生监禁Prison to a special number of years一定年限的监禁
Felony –murder重罪恶意谋杀
Co-felons guilty of murder重罪共犯谋杀the commission of the crime实施犯罪Degrees of murder恶意杀人的等级
—First degree murder一级谋杀
Second degree murder二级谋杀Manslaughter非恶意杀人
Voluntary manslaughter自愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀人
Involuntary manslaughter非自愿性非恶意杀人，过失杀人
great provocation巨大挑衅
in the heat of passion激情之下
criminal sanction刑事制裁
conviction rate定罪率
Acquittal 无罪判决
“the unwritten law”不成文法“reasonable man”理智的人Unintentional killing 无意的杀人
gross negligence重大过失
dangerous unlawful conduct非法的危险行为
Reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人罪Negligent homicide过失杀人罪
fine 罚款
incarceration 禁闭
penitentiary 监狱
Imprisonment监禁
