英语词汇中常见词缀
一、前缀
1 、表示“否定或逆转”
de- demerit decode deforestation deform degrade dehumanize denounce detour derail
dis- disagree disappear disable disadvantage disarm discharge discover disclaim discontinuous discourage dishonor disqualify dislike
in- incorrect indirect inadequate informal independent incapable inappropriate
il- illegal illogical illiterate illegitimate
im- imbalance immature impatient impossible impractical imperfect improper
ir- irregular irre1evant irrational irresponsible
mis- misuse misunderstand misleading misinterpret misbehavior mispronounce
non- nonsense nonsmoker non-believer non-verbal non-competitive
un- uncertain unlock unable unacceptable unaware uncomfortable undemocratic unemployed unfair unfaithful unintelligent unfortunate unnecessary unsuccessful unrealistic unwilling unharmonious unhappy unpleasant
[注] il- im-和ir-为in-的变体形式il-用在l前，im-用在b、m和P前,而ir-则用在r前。
2. 表示“时间顺序”
ex- ex-president ex-wife
fore- foretell foresee forecast forefathers foreshadow forerunner
mid- midday midterm mid-summer mid-fifties Mideast mid-ages
post- postgraduate postwar
pre- precaution prewar prerequisite pre-condition pre-school predawn pre-election
re- recall rebuild rethink regain restart reconsider reunite redefine
3 . “方向或位置”
ex- export exc1ude
extra- 非常，,超级extraordinary extra-large extra-bright extra-special
in- inland invade
im- immigrate import
inter- international interaction interchangeable interdependent intermarriage interconnected interrelated
intra- 存在或发生在事物内部的intrastate intra-African intra-racial
sub- subway submarine sub-surface subtitle subconscious subdivision sub-branch subplot tele- 存在于远处，或者事物在一定距离外发生telescope television telegram telecommunication
trans- transatlantic trans-cultural transportation trans-continental transmit transit transform 4 . “程度、大小或差别关系”
macro- macroeconomics macro-structure
micro- microeconomics microscope microcomputer microwave Microsoft microfilm mini- minibus miniskirt mini-lecture mini-camera minicab
out- outnumber outdo outgrow out-grow outpace
over- overwork overuse overabundant overanxious over-cautious overconfident overcharge overweight overestimate overwork overcook overburdened over-stressed
super- 非常，十分superabundant super-active super-intelligent supermarket superpower ultra- 极度，十分ultra-radical ultra-civilized ultra-conservative ultra-modern ultra-rich under- 不足，在……之下underestimate underdeveloped under-employed underfinanced
